11-20강 변형문제

영어 카페 789
수능특강 영어 - 변형
변형 ➪ 빈칸 - 순서 - 위치 - 어법 - 어휘 - 연결어구 - 내용 (불)일치 - 목적 - 제목 - 주제 - 요지 - 요약 - 심경[분위기]- 무관한 문장 - 지시어 - 단어배열 - 문장전환
11 강 빈칸 채우기
1. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-1> 3. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-2>
Availability on the part of parents (A) [is given / gives] children a Although child prodigies are often rich in both talent and
strong sense of worth, creating in them a feeling of being wanted. ambition, (A) [what / which] holds them back from moving the
It communicates to children a powerful message about how world forward is that they don’t learn to be original. As they
important (B) [they are / are they] to their parents. The sense of perform in Carnegie Hall, win the science Olympics, and
worthiness generated in children by the feeling of ‘being become chess champions, something tragic happens: Practice
wanted’ is known to be very vital for their psychological and makes perfect, but it doesn’t make new. The gifted learn to play
all-round development. On the other hand, the “I do not matter magnificent Mozart melodies and beautiful Beethoven
to anybody” feeling (B) [that generated / generated] by a sense symphonies, but never (B) [compose / composes] their own
of being unwanted as a result of regular and long absence on scores. They focus their energy on consuming existing
the part of parents has been known to have grave scientific knowledge, not producing new insights. They conform
repercussions in terms of the child’s personality and emotional to the codified rules of established games, rather than inventing
maturity. their own rules or their own games. All along the way, they strive
to (C) [earn / be earned] the approval of their parents and the
(A) (B) (C) admiration of their teachers.
① is given … are they … generated
② gives … they are … generated (A) (B) (C)
③ is given … they are … generated ① what … composes … earn
④ gives … they are … that generated ② which … compose … earn
⑤ is given … are they … that generated ③ what … compose … earn
④ which … compose … be earned
⑤ what … composes … be earned
2. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-1> 4. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-2>
Availability on the part of parents gives children a strong Although child prodigies are often rich in both talent and
sense of worth, ⓐ creating in them a feeling of being wanted. ambition, what holds them back ⓐfrom moving the world
It communicates to children a powerful message about how forward ⓑis that they don’t learn to be original. As they perform
ⓑimportantly they are to their parents. The sense of worthiness in Carnegie Hall, win the science Olympics, and become chess
generated in children by the feeling of ‘being wanted’ ⓒis champions, something tragic ⓒis happened: Practice makes
known to be very vital for their psychological and all-round perfect, but it doesn’t make new. The gifted learn to play
development. On the other hand, the “I do not matter to magnificent Mozart melodies and beautiful Beethoven
anybody” feeling generated by a sense of being unwanted as symphonies, ⓓbut never compose their own scores. They
a result of regular and long absence on the part of parents ⓓhas focus their energy on consuming existing scientific knowledge,
been known ⓔto have grave repercussions in terms of the not ⓔproducing new insights. They conform to the codified rules
child’s personality and emotional maturity. of established games, rather than ⓔinventing their own rules or
their own games. All along the way, they strive to earn the
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ approval of their parents and the admiration of their teachers.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
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영어 카페 789
5. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-3> 7. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-4>
Here’s a curious paradox. If perfection is a state beyond Long, long before smart phones, a walking stick was our
improvement, then isn’t every moment, by definition, perfect? support staff when on the go. A good walking staff was the
After all, any given “now,” any given moment of reality is what ultimate assistive device. If you misstepped, the staff helped
it is in the sense (A) [that / which] it cannot be anything other you (A) [regaining / regain] your balance. If you became tired,
than what it is. Take this moment, right now: this moment is already the staff was there to support you. The staff offered the benefit
here, and, as such, as theoretically (B) [perfect / imperfect] as it of a probe if you needed to explore an unfamiliar object along
may be, it is — at present ― beyond any modification. While you the way. It could (B) [use / be used] as a gauge to test the depth
could take the lessons of this moment and try to make the next of water if you had to ford a stream. If you needed to commit
moment better, this very moment (C) [is / being] beyond something to memory, you could notch the information down on
improvement. It is too late to add anything to this moment to the staff more or less with the same (C) [ease / difficulty] as we
make it better. And if this moment, this slice of reality, is beyond do it with the flash-drive memory sticks of today. And if
improvement, then it’s the only way it can be (the best it can be necessary, a staff could be readily used as a weapon. All in all,
― perfect). the staff helped clear the way of obstacles.
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

① that … imperfect … is ① regaining … use … ease
② which … perfect … is ② regain … be used … ease
③ that … perfect … is ③ regaining … be used … ease
④ which … perfect … being ④ regain … be used … difficulty
⑤ that … imperfect … being ⑤ regaining … use … difficulty
6. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-3> 8. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-5>

Here’s a curious ⓐparadox. If perfection is a state beyond You may have heard or read that Laurence Olivier was widely
improvement, then isn’t every moment, by definition, perfect? believed to be the greatest actor of the past century. But when
After all, any given “now,” any given moment of reality is what you see one of his films, you may wonder (A) [however / how]
it is in the sense that it cannot be anything other than ⓑwhat that could be. This assessment comes largely from those who
it is. Take this moment, right now: this moment is already here, saw him perform live. He was an amazing and brilliant
and, as such, as theoretically imperfect as it may be, it is — at technician who took big risks and (B) [thrilled / thrilling]
present ― beyond any modification. ⓒWhile you could take the audiences far enough away not to be able to sense his
ⓓlessens of this moment and try to make the next moment technique. He rarely reached that impact on film where his work
better, this very moment is beyond improvement. It is too late sometimes looks calculated. Richard Burton, also respected as
to add anything to this moment to make it ⓔbetter. And if this one of the twentieth-century greats, had a voice so huge that
moment, this slice of reality, is beyond improvement, then it’s it would sometimes overwhelm the camera, the microphone,
the only way it can be (the best it can be ― perfect). and all the intimacy of film acting. To this day, many audience
members and critics maintain (C) [that / what] if you did not
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ experience either of these men in the theatre, you did not
experience their magic.
(A) (B) (C)

① how … thrilling … that
② however … thrilled … that
③ how … thrilled … that
④ however … thrilled … what
⑤ how … thrilling … what
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영어 카페 789
You ⓐmay have heard or read that Laurence Olivier was widely A growing segment of humankind has come to see war as
ⓑbelieved to be the greatest actor of the past century. But simply ⓐinconceivable. For the first time in history, when
when you see one of his films, you may wonder how that could governments, corporations and private individuals consider
be. This assessment comes largely from those who saw him their immediate future, many of them don’t think about war as
ⓒperform live. He was an amazing and brilliant technician who a ⓑlikely event. Nuclear weapons have turned war between
took big risks and thrilled audiences ⓓfar enough away not to superpowers into a mad act of collective suicide, and therefore
be able to sense his technique. He rarely reached that impact forced the most powerful nations on earth to find alternative and
on film ⓔwhich his work sometimes looks calculated. Richard peaceful ways to resolve conflicts. ⓒSimultaneously, the global
Burton, also respected as one of the twentieth-century greats, economy has been transformed from a material-based
had a voice so huge that it would sometimes overwhelm the economy into a knowledge-based economy. Previously the
camera, the microphone, and all the intimacy of film acting. To main sources of wealth were ⓓmaterial assets such as gold
this day, many audience members and critics maintain that if mines, wheat fields and oil wells. Today the main source of
you did not experience neither of these men in the theatre, you wealth is knowledge. And whereas you can conquer oil fields
did not experience their magic. through war, you cannot acquire knowledge that way. Hence as
knowledge became the most important economic resource, the
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ profitability of war ⓔinclined and wars became increasingly
restricted to those parts of the world where the economies are
still old-fashioned material-based economies.
10. 윗글의 밑줄 친 neither를 어법과 문맥에 맞게 바꿔 쓰시오.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
↠
11. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-6> 13. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<11-6>
A growing segment of humankind has come to see war as A growing segment of humankind has come to see war as
simply inconceivable. For the first time in history, when simply inconceivable. For the first time in history, when
governments, corporations and private individuals consider governments, corporations and private individuals consider
their immediate future, many of (A) [them / whom] don’t think their immediate future, many of them don’t think about war as
about war as a likely event. Nuclear weapons have turned war a likely event. Nuclear weapons have turned war between
between superpowers into a mad act of collective suicide, and superpowers into a mad act of collective suicide, and
therefore forced the most powerful nations on earth to find ___(A)___ forced the most powerful nations on earth to find
alternative and peaceful ways to resolve conflicts. alternative and peaceful ways to resolve conflicts.
Simultaneously, the global economy (B) [has / has been] Simultaneously, the global economy has been transformed
transformed from a material-based economy into a from a material-based economy into a knowledge-based
knowledge-based economy. Previously the main sources of economy. Previously the main sources of wealth were material
wealth were material assets such as gold mines, wheat fields assets such as gold mines, wheat fields and oil wells. Today the
and oil wells. Today the main source of wealth is knowledge. main source of wealth is knowledge. And whereas you can
And whereas you can conquer oil fields through war, you cannot conquer oil fields through war, you cannot acquire knowledge
acquire knowledge that way. Hence as knowledge became the that way. ___(B)___ as knowledge became the most important
most important economic resource, the profitability of war economic resource, the profitability of war declined and wars
declined and wars became increasingly restricted to those parts became increasingly restricted to those parts of the world where
of the world (C) [which / where] the economies are still the economies are still old-fashioned material-based
old-fashioned material-based economies. economies.
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B)

① them … has been … where ① for example …… Therefore
② whom … has … where ② therefore …… Hence
③ them … has … where ③ likewise …… In contrast
④ whom … has … which ④ however …… For example
⑤ them … has been … which ⑤ for example …… Nevertheless
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14. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<11-6> 16. 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<11-7>
Previously the main sources of wealth were material assets Mathematical truth is ___(A)___. This is not to say that it does
such as gold mines, wheat fields and oil wells. not exist, but rather that we cannot be absolutely sure we have
found it simply because we have an apparently logical proof.
A growing segment of humankind has come to see war as People make mistakes, particularly when checking a single
simply inconceivable. () For the first time in history, when lengthy argument repeatedly. Our knowledge of the truth of a
governments, corporations and private individuals consider mathematical statement depends upon ___(B)___. This
their immediate future, many of them don’t think about war as evidence includes proofs of the type presented in text books,
a likely event. (‚) Nuclear weapons have turned war between but may also involve numerical calculations, already solved
superpowers into a mad act of collective suicide, and therefore special cases, geometrical pictures, consistency with one’s
forced the most powerful nations on earth to find alternative and intuition about the field, parallels with other fields, wholly
peaceful ways to resolve conflicts. (ƒ) Simultaneously, the unexpected consequences which can be verified, etc.
global economy has been transformed from a material-based Mathematicians try to increase their knowledge, but this
economy into a knowledge-based economy. („) Today the knowledge is based more upon ___(C)___ than upon logic.
main source of wealth is knowledge. And whereas you can
conquer oil fields through war, you cannot acquire knowledge
① the variety of independent sources of confirmation
that way. (…) Hence as knowledge became the most important
② making judgements based upon appropriate evidence
economic resource, the profitability of war declined and wars
③ a very slippery concept
became increasingly restricted to those parts of the world where
the economies are still old-fashioned material-based
economies.
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
What makes us so adaptable? In one word, culture ― our ability
Mathematical truth is a very slippery concept. This is not to say
to learn from others, to copy, imitate, share, and improve. When
that it does not exist, but rather (A) [what / that] we cannot be
humans learned to communicate (A) [used / using] oral and,
absolutely sure we have found it simply because we have an
later, written language, ideas, knowledge, and practices ― how
apparently logical proof. People make mistakes, particularly
to make a fishhook, build a boat, fashion a spear, sing a song,
when checking a single lengthy argument repeatedly. Our
carve a god ― could replicate and combine like genes. But unlike
knowledge of the truth of a mathematical statement depends
genes, they could jump from one mind to (B) [another / the other]
upon making judgements based upon appropriate evidence. This
across distances of time and space. Culture freed humans from
evidence includes proofs of the type (B) [presented / to present]
the limitations of their biology; according to evolutionary
in text books, but may also involve numerical calculations,
biologist Mark Pagel, when humans discovered culture, they
already solved special cases, geometrical pictures,
achieved a momentous shift in the balance of power “between
consistency with one’s intuition about the field, parallels with
our genes and our minds.” Humans (C) [becoming / became] the
other fields, wholly (C) [expected / unexpected] consequences
only species to acquire guidance on how to live from the
which can be verified, etc. Mathematicians try to increase their
accumulated knowledge of their ancestors, rather than just from
knowledge, but this knowledge is based more upon the variety
their DNA.
of independent sources of confirmation than upon logic.
(A) (B) (C)

(A) (B) (C)
① used … the other … became
① that … to present … unexpected
② using … another … became
② what … presented … unexpected
③ used … another … became
③ that … presented … unexpected
④ using … another … becoming
④ what … presented … expected
⑤ used … the other … becoming
⑤ that … to present … expected
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18. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-8> 20. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-9>
What makes us so ⓐadaptable? In one word, culture ― our Mark Twain observed, “We are all ignorant, but about different
ability to learn from others, to copy, imitate, share, and improve. things.” One mistake technical professionals (A) [making / make]
When humans learned ⓑto communicate using oral and, later, when writing for non-technical readers is assuming their
written language, ideas, knowledge, and practices ― how to readers are as knowledgeable as they are about the subject.
make a fishhook, build a boat, fashion a spear, sing a song, This is a fatal assumption that will only result in confusion and
carve a god ― could replicate and combine like genes. But frustration for your reader. Also, a great deal of your time will
ⓒalike genes, they could jump from one mind to another across be spent generating additional messages to the reader trying
distances of time and space. Culture ⓓfreed humans from the to explain what (B) [should / must] have been clear the first time.
limitations of their biology; according to evolutionary biologist Just because it’s clear to you does not make it clear to your
Mark Pagel, when humans discovered culture, they achieved reader. If you are an engineer or accountant writing to others
ⓔa momentous shift in the balance of power “between our in your field, then perhaps there will be less need to explain all
genes and our minds.” Humans became the only species to aspects of your message. If you’re writing to the senior vice
acquire guidance on how to live from the accumulated president of marketing, who is not familiar with software
knowledge of their ancestors, rather than just from their DNA. applications, then you will need to “walk” that reader through
your message. (C) [Remembering / Remember] that when it
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ comes to technical knowledge, writers and readers have the
same purpose.
(A) (B) (C)

① make … should … Remembering
② making … must … Remembering
③ make … must … Remember
④ making … must … Remember
⑤ make … should … Remember
19. 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<11-8> 21. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-9>
What makes us so adaptable? In one word, culture ― our ability Mark Twain observed, “We are all ignorant, but about different
to learn from others, to copy, imitate, share, and improve. When things.” One mistake technical professionals make when
humans learned to communicate using oral and, later, written writing for non-technical readers ⓐare assuming their readers
language, ideas, knowledge, and practices ― how to make a are as knowledgeable as they are about the subject. This is a
fishhook, build a boat, fashion a spear, sing a song, carve a god fatal assumption ⓑthat will only result in confusion and
― could replicate and combine like genes. But unlike genes, frustration for your reader. Also, a great deal of your time will
they could jump from one mind to another ___(A)___. Culture be spent ⓒgenerating additional messages to the reader ⓓ
freed humans from the limitations of their biology; according to trying to explain what should have been clear the first time. Just
evolutionary biologist Mark Pagel, when humans discovered because it’s clear to you does not make it clear to your reader.
culture, they achieved a momentous shift in the balance of If you are an engineer or accountant ⓔwriting to others in your
power “___(B)___.” Humans became the only species to field, then perhaps there will be less need to explain all aspects
acquire guidance on how to live from ___(C)___, rather than of your message. If you’re writing to the senior vice president
just from their DNA. of marketing, who is not familiar with software applications, then
you will need to “walk” that reader through your message.
Remember that when it comes to technical knowledge, writers
① the accumulated knowledge of their ancestors and readers have the same purpose.
② across distances of time and space
③ between our genes and our minds ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
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22. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-10> 25. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-11>
Spider-Man was a tremendous hit with readers because it gave Although height and weight are similar in their simplicity, they
millions of teenagers a hero (A) [whom / with whom] they could are very different in how they rule our lives. Our adult height is
identify. Jocks and cheerleaders didn’t read comics. The quiet, fixed — there is little one can do about it, and short people are
introspective students did, the same type of students as Peter not held ⓐresponsible for their height as well as for their eye
Parker, the main character. Spider-Man was the first ongoing, colors. Weight, however, is another matter. We are bombarded
reality-based superhero comic. Peter could swing over with the message ⓑwhich we can control our weight through
buildings, use his artificial webbing (B) [to catch / catching] a pair will power, proper nutrition, and exercise. The diet industry
of bank robbers, then return a missing animal to the zoo as part (which includes diet programs, diet foods, and diet magazines
of a day’s work. But in the evening, at home with his Aunt May, and books) is enormous, with revenues of tens of billions of
he was the one superhero who needed to (C) [sow / sew] the dollars, ⓒcatering to an American public desperate to slim
holes in his socks, take two aspirin for his headache, then watch down. We shop at grocery stores ⓓfilled with food that isn’t food
the TV news to see if there were any reports about his exploits and exercise at gyms ⓔpacked with people walk furiously on
earlier in the day. treadmills that take them nowhere. Each morning we step onto
the bathroom scale and measure our progress or lack thereof.
(A) (B) (C)
① whom … catching … sow ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
② with whom … to catch … sow
③ whom … to catch … sew
④ with whom … to catch … sew 26. 윗글의 밑줄 친 walk를 어법과 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.
⑤ whom … catching … sew
↠
27. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-12>

There are many authors who have been published for a long
Although height and weight are similar in their simplicity, they
time but have not been (A) [capable / able] to increase their
are very different in (A) [what / how] they rule our lives. Our adult
readership base. One of the main reasons is because they have
height is fixed — there is little one can do about it, and short
become too formulaic. They stifle their ability to gain more
people are not held responsible for their height as well as for
readers by writing with the same tone and the same overall
their eye colors. Weight, ________, is another matter. We are
premise over and over again. They cannot connect to more
bombarded with the message that we can control our weight
readers unless they (B) [expand / extend] their own views and
through will power, proper nutrition, and exercise. The diet
writing topics. That does not mean that they have to change
industry (which includes diet programs, diet foods, and diet
their genre, but they certainly need to attempt to improve upon
magazines and books) (B) [are / is] enormous, with revenues
that genre with each and every book that they offer to the
of tens of billions of dollars, catering to an American public
public. Even when you look at popular movie franchises or
desperate to slim down. We shop at grocery stores filled with
television shows, they run their courses after a while. No matter
food that isn’t food and exercise at gyms packed with people
how (C) [successfully / successful] a writer becomes, they have
walking furiously on treadmills that take them nowhere. Each
to change things up from time to time. Don’t believe me? Take
morning we step onto the bathroom scale and measure our
a good look at some of the top authors in the game and see how
progress or lack (C) [thereof / therein].
they have done that very thing.
(A) (B) (C)
(A) (B) (C)
① what … are … therein
① capable … extend … successfully
② how … is … therein
② able … expand … successfully
③ what … is … thereof
③ capable … expand … successful
④ how … is … thereof
④ able … expand … successful
⑤ what … are … thereof
⑤ capable … extend … successful
24. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① therefore ② for example ③ however
④ furthermore ⑤ in short
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28. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<11-12> 31. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<12-1>
That does not mean that they have to change their genre, but Quota sampling is a technique whereby the researcher
they certainly need to attempt to improve upon that genre with chooses a sample that reflects the make-up, in numerical
each and every book that they offer to the public. terms, of the wider population.
There are many authors who have been published for a long (A) For example, it can be time-consuming and the researcher
time but have not been able to increase their readership base. would still need to consider exactly how the subgroups that
() One of the main reasons is because they have become too make up the sample are selected: e.g., what if those who are
formulaic. (‚) They stifle their ability to gain more readers by selected refuse to participate ― how might this affect the
writing with the same tone and the same overall premise over representativeness of the sample?
and over again. They cannot connect to more readers unless (B) So, for example, if a researcher wanted to study gender
they expand their own views and writing topics. (ƒ) Even when differences in first-year undergraduate psychology students,
you look at popular movie franchises or television shows, they and the wider population comprised a 60/40 per cent split
run their courses after a while. („) No matter how successful females/males, then the sample must be comprised of this
a writer becomes, they have to change things up from time to same ratio of females to males.
time. (…) Don’t believe me? Take a good look at some of the
(C) Thus, in a sample population of, say, 100 participants, the
top authors in the game and see how they have done that very
sample would contain 60 females and 40 males. This quota
thing.
system can also be used for other factors, such as age, ethnic
background, etc. Like all techniques, quota sampling does have
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
its drawbacks.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
12 강 연결어(구) 넣기
32. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓒ 부분을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.<12-1>

29. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<12-1>
Quota sampling is a technique whereby the researcher
Quota sampling is a technique ⓐwhereby the researcher chooses a sample that reflects the make-up, in numerical
chooses a sample that reflects the make-up, in numerical terms, of the wider population. So, for example, if a researcher
terms, of the wider population. So, ________, if a researcher ⓐhad wanted to study gender differences in first-year
wanted to study gender differences in first-year undergraduate undergraduate psychology students, and the wider population
psychology students, and the wider population ⓑcomprised a comprised a 60/40 per cent split females/males, then the
60/40 per cent split females/males, then the sample must be sample must be comprised of this same ratio of females to
ⓒcomprised of this same ratio of females to males. Thus, in a males. Thus, in a sample population of, say, 100 participants,
sample population of, say, 100 participants, the sample ⓓwould the sample would contain 60 females and 40 males. This quota
contain 60 females and 40 males. This quota system can also system can also ⓑuse for other factors, such as age, ethnic
be used for other factors, such as age, ethnic background, etc. background, etc. Like all techniques, quota sampling does have
Like all techniques, quota sampling does have its drawbacks. its drawbacks. For example, it can be time-consuming and the
For example, it can be time-consuming and the researcher researcher would still need to consider exactly how the
would still need to consider exactly ⓔwhat the subgroups that subgroups that make up the sample ⓒselect: e.g., what if those
make up the sample are selected: e.g., what if those who are who are selected refuse to participate ― how might this affect
selected refuse to participate ― how might this affect the the representativeness of the sample?
representativeness of the sample?
ⓐ→
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
ⓑ→
ⓒ→

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33. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<12-2> 35. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<12-3>
Most of the world’s great pilgrimage and tourist sites were The amount of distance between the teacher and his/her
established through the written media, well before the coming students and perceived or actual barriers can have a significant
of film, and this limits the effect that film had on actually impact on ⓐcommunication. Teachers who stay securely
establishing the iconic status of such sites. ensconced behind the ‘barricade’ of their desk automatically
create a boundary that ⓑblocks effective interpersonal contact
(A) For example, the Sydney Harbour Bridge and Opera House, and gives a territorial feel to the room. The use of proximity, On
the Outback and High Country (as generic Australian bush the other hand, can be a powerful behaviour management tool.
heritage sites as well as relating to specific legends) and even Firm reminders and warnings are best conducted privately and
Uluru have reached iconic status through the influence of film, individually (it ⓒinduces embarrassment or threat to the student
still photographs, documentaries and even science fiction and minimises the spectator effect, both of which can fuel a
movies. challenge or counter-attack). ⓓGetting down to the student’s
(B) New Zealand’s Maori culture and dramatic scenery (thermal eye level (and not towering over him/her in a threatening way)
in the North, glacial in the South) are achieving similar status models consideration and invites the student to respond in an
through film. equally ⓔrespectful way. However, unless the classroom is not
(C) However, this is not the case in countries such as Australia organising in such a way as to allow the teacher to access
and New Zealand, where the majority of our tourist sites individual students, this will be problematic and the teacher may
(including the ancient indigenous sites) are, in one way or resort to making public scolding.
another, products of the 20th century. In other words, they have
developed in the age of film. ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A) 36. 윗글의 밑줄 친 is not organising을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.
↠
34. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<12-3> 37. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<12-4>
The amount of distance between the teacher and his/her Before language develops, emotions and touch are the primary
students and perceived or actual barriers can have a significant means (A) [which / by which] parent and child communicate.
impact on communication. Teachers who stay securely Consequently, it would not be surprising if preverbal infants had
ensconced behind the ‘barricade’ of their desk automatically some basic understanding of other people’s emotional,
create a boundary that blocks effective interpersonal contact nonverbal communications, which research has indicated is
and (A) [give / gives] a territorial feel to the room. The use of indeed the case. For example, infants as young as 14 months
proximity, On the other hand, can be a powerful behaviour understand that emotions are often “about” a particular event
management tool. Firm reminders and warnings are best (e.g., someone is (B) [scared / scaring] of a dog) and are very
conducted privately and individually (it reduces embarrassment adept at identifying what a person is emoting about. In addition,
or threat to the student and minimises the spectator effect, both by 18 months, infants begin to appreciate that two people can
of (B) [which / them] can fuel a challenge or counter-attack). have a different emotional response about the exact same
Getting down to the student’s eye level (and not towering over object (e.g., you like peas, but I hate them). In contrast,
him/her in a threatening way) models consideration and invites 14-month-old infants are still (C) [high / highly] egocentric and
the student to respond in an equally respectful way. However, assume that everyone has the same emotional responses to a
unless the classroom is organised in such a way as to allow the particular object or event.
teacher to access individual students, this will be problematic and
the teacher may resort to (C) [make / making] public scolding. (A) (B) (C)
① which … scaring … high
(A) (B) (C) ② by which … scared … high
① give … them … making ③ which … scared … highly
② gives … which … making ④ by which … scared … highly
③ give … which … making ⑤ which … scaring … highly
④ gives … which … make
⑤ give … them … make
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38. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<12-4>

Before language develops, emotions and touch are the primary
means by which parent and child communicate. Consequently,
it would not be surprising if preverbal infants had some basic
understanding of other people’s emotional, nonverbal
communications, which research has indicated is indeed the
case.
(A) In addition, by 18 months, infants begin to appreciate that

two people can have a different emotional response about the
exact same object (e.g., you like peas, but I hate them).
(B) For example, infants as young as 14 months understand
that emotions are often “about” a particular event (e.g.,
someone is scared of a dog) and are very adept at identifying
what a person is emoting about.
(C) In contrast, 14-month-old infants are still highly egocentric
and assume that everyone has the same emotional responses
to a particular object or event.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
Before language develops, emotions and touch are the primary

means by which parent and child communicate. Consequently,
it would not be ⓐsurprising if preverbal infants had some basic
understanding of other people’s emotional, nonverbal
communications, ⓑwhich research has indicated ⓒis indeed
the case. For example, infants as young as 14 months
understand that emotions are often “about” a particular event
(e.g., someone is scared of a dog) and are very ⓓadept at
identifying what a person is emoting about. In addition, by 18
months, infants begin to appreciate that two people can have
a different emotional response about the exact same object
(e.g., you like peas, but I hate them). In contrast, 14-month-old
infants are still highly egocentric and ⓔresume that everyone
has the same emotional responses to a particular object or
event.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
영어 카페 789
13 강 흐름에 무관한 문장 찾기
40. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<13-1> 42. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<13-1>
In the colonial era and during the early years of the Republic, In the colonial era and during the early years of the Republic,
Americans did not drink much fresh milk. (A) [Because / Although] Americans did not drink much fresh milk. Although most of
most of these early Americans were northern European by these early Americans were northern European by extraction,
extraction, they consumed dairy products primarily in their they consumed dairy products primarily in their preserved state.
preserved state. Milk was not an ideal beverage for New York Milk was not an ideal beverage for New York City’s hot summer
City’s hot summer days. Without refrigeration, typical July city days. Without refrigeration, typical July city weather could sour
(B) [wether / weather] could sour a pitcher of milk within hours. a pitcher of milk within hours. ___(A)___, while most city
Therefore, while most city residents welcomed a cold, fresh residents welcomed a cold, fresh glass of milk or a dish of ice
glass of milk or a dish of ice cream on a hot day, such food cream on a hot day, such food experiences were rare, and
experiences were rare, and sometimes deadly, luxuries. For sometimes die , luxuries. ___(B)___, the 1850 death of
example, the 1850 death of President Zachary Taylor is often President Zachary Taylor is often attributed to a glass of milk
(C) [attributed / contributed] to a glass of milk drunk after a Fourth drunk after a Fourth of July celebration, after he had dedicated
of July celebration, after he had dedicated the cornerstone of the cornerstone of the Washington Monument.
the Washington Monument.
(A) (B)
(A) (B) (C) ① For example …… Therefore
① Although … wether … contributed ② Therefore …… For example
② Because … weather … contributed ③ Likewise …… In contrast
③ Although … weather … attributed ④ However …… For example
④ Because … weather … attributed ⑤ For example …… Nevertheless
⑤ Although … wether … attributed
43. 윗글의 밑줄 친 die를 어법과 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.

↠
41. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?(2개)<13-1> 44. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<13-2>
In the colonial era and during the early years of the Republic, Myths remind us (A) [of / that] our existence, and its meaning,
Americans did not drink much fresh milk. Although most of are with, in, and through others. Our process of becoming
these early Americans ⓐwere northern European by extraction, cannot take place in isolation. Children receive an identity from
they consumed dairy products primarily in their preserved state. their parents, yet strive to establish their own individuality.
Milk was not an ⓑideal beverage for New York City’s hot Myths speak to the power of love to (B) [transform / transport]
summer days. Without refrigeration, typical July city weather both the lover and the beloved; this love gives meaning to life.
could sour a pitcher of milk within hours. Therefore, ⓒwhile The hero cannot become a hero alone, and heroic myths
most city residents welcomed a cold, fresh glass of milk or a include mentors, friends, lovers, allies, and, above all, enemies
dish of ice cream on a hot day, such food experiences were who (C) [are defined / define] the hero. Each of these relationships
ⓓrarely, and sometimes deadly, luxuries. For example, the is necessary for the hero to take up his quest.
1850 death of President Zachary Taylor is often attributed to a
glass of milk ⓔdrank after a Fourth of July celebration, after he (A) (B) (C)
had dedicated the cornerstone of the Washington Monument. ① that … transport … are defined
② of … transform … are defined
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ ③ that … transform … define
④ of … transform … define
⑤ that … transport … define
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45. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<13-2> 47. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<13-3>
Myths remind us that our existence, and its meaning, ⓐare with, Culture is one of the most complex words in the English
in, and through others. Our process of becoming cannot take language. Often people think that culture means the arts,
place ⓑin isolation. Children receive an identity from their sometimes (A) [that termed / termed] high culture: opera, ballet,
parents, yet strive to establish their own individuality. Myths theater, sculpture. A “cultured” person, by this definition, is a
speak to the power of love to transform both the lover and the highly educated person who is closely aware of these arts, who
ⓒbeloved; this love gives meaning to life. The hero cannot goes out to enjoy (B) [them / it] often, who reads poetry, and
become a hero alone, and heroic myths include mentors, perhaps buys paintings. For anthropologists and others, the
friends, lovers, allies, and, above all, enemies who define the concept of culture is much broader. Culture is everything we do
hero. Each of these relationships ⓓare necessarily for the hero in our lives, from brushing our teeth with toothpaste to putting up
ⓔto take up his quest. a building, and from watching the Olympics on TV to taking part
in a marriage ceremony. Others may think of culture as
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ encompassing characteristic qualities of a nation or people (as
in American culture, Canadian culture, or Irish culture) or of an
(C) [ethic / ethnic] group (such as Native American culture,
French-Canadian culture, or Gypsy culture).
(A) (B) (C)

① termed … them … ethnic
② that termed … it … ethnic
③ termed … it … ethnic
④ that termed … it … ethic
⑤ termed … them … ethic
46. 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<13-2> 48. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<13-3>
Myths remind us that our existence, and its meaning, Culture is one of the most complex words in the English
___(A)___. Our process of becoming cannot take place in language. Often people think ⓐthat culture means the arts,
isolation. Children receive an identity from their parents, yet sometimes termed high culture: opera, ballet, theater,
strive ___(B)___. Myths speak to the power of love to transform sculpture. A “cultured” person, by this definition, is a ⓑhigh
both the lover and the beloved; this love gives meaning to life. educated person who is ⓒclosely aware of these arts, who goes
The hero cannot become a hero alone, and heroic myths out to enjoy them often, who reads poetry, and perhaps buys
include mentors, friends, lovers, allies, and, above all, enemies paintings. For anthropologists and others, the concept of culture
who define the hero. Each of ___(C)___ for the hero to take up is ⓓmuch broader. Culture is everything we do in our lives, from
his quest. brushing our teeth with toothpaste to putting up a building, and from
watching the Olympics on TV ⓔto taking part in a marriage
ceremony. Others may think of culture as encompassing
① to establish their own individuality characteristic qualities of a nation or people (as in American
② are with, in, and through others culture, Canadian culture, or Irish culture) or of an ethnic group
③ these relationships is necessary (such as Native American culture, French-Canadian culture, or
Gypsy culture).
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
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49. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<13-4> 51. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<13-4>
All movement incurs a cost of some sort, (A) [which is / which] All movement incurs a cost of some sort, which is usually
usually measured in terms of time or money. Some kinds of measured in terms of time or money. Some kinds of travel, such
travel, such as that made by auto, bus, or train, incur both time as that made by auto, bus, or train, ⓐincur both time and
and monetary costs; other trips, such as those made on foot, monetary costs; other trips, such as those made on foot, involve
involve an expense primarily of time. In deciding which mode(s) an expense primarily of time. In deciding which mode(s) to use
(B) [to use / use(s)] on a given trip (e.g., car or bus), travelers on a given trip (e.g., car or bus), travelers often trade off time
often trade off time versus money costs, as the more costly versus money costs, as the more ⓑcostly travel modes are
travel modes are usually the faster ones. A trade-off is also usually the faster ones. A trade-off is also involved in the
involved in the decision to make a trip: the traveler weighs the decision to make a trip: the traveler ⓒweighing the expected
expected benefits to be gained at the destination against the benefits to ⓓbe gained at the destination against the expected
expected costs of getting there. Each trip represents a triumph costs of getting there. Each trip represents a triumph of such
of such anticipated benefits over costs, although for the many anticipated benefits over costs, although for the many trips that
trips (C) [that are / that] made out of habit this complicated are made out of habit this complicated ⓔweighing of costs and
weighing of costs and benefits does not occur before each and benefits does not occur before each and every trip.
every trip.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
(A) (B) (C)
① which is … to use … that
② which … use(s) … that
③ which is … use(s) … that are
④ which … use(s) … that are
⑤ which is … to use … that are
52. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<13-5>

Ecosystems are dynamic in (A) [what / that] their various parts
are always changing. Plants grow, rain falls, animals eat, and soils
develop. All of these actions and processes affect ecosystems.
Because each component of an ecosystem interacts with other
50. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<13-4> components of that system, action or change in one element often
leads to action or change in others, which transforms the
All movement incurs a cost of some sort, which is usually ecosystem. For example, a change in the ecosystem’s weather
measured in terms of time or money. Some kinds of travel, such from sunshine to rain can (B) [benefit from / benefit] the soil,
as ⓐthat made by auto, bus, or train, incur both time and plants, and animals. Very heavy rains, ________, could carry
monetary costs; other trips, such as ⓑthose made on foot, away soil and plant nutrients, hindering the growth of
involve an expense primarily of time. In deciding ⓒwhich vegetation, thereby leaving a reduced food supply for the
mode(s) to use on a given trip (e.g., car or bus), travelers often animals that depend on that vegetation. The supply of large
trade off time versus money costs, as the more costly travel amounts of moisture to the remaining soil might preferentially
modes are usually the faster ⓓone. A trade-off is also involved benefit a few types of plants. As those plants grow and thrive,
in the decision to make a trip: the traveler weighs the expected the increased shade that they create could restrict the growth
benefits to be gained at the destination against the expected of other types of plants that would (C) [otherwise / likewise] be
costs of getting there. Each trip represents a triumph of such competing for the remaining soil nutrients.
anticipated benefits ⓔover costs, although for the many trips
that are made out of habit this complicated weighing of costs (A) (B) (C)
and benefits does not occur before each and every trip. ① what … benefit from … otherwise
② that … benefit … otherwise
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ ③ what … benefit … otherwise
④ that … benefit … likewise
⑤ what … benefit from … likewise

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54. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<13-5> 56. 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<13-5>
Ecosystems are dynamic in that their various parts are always Ecosystems are ___(A)___. Plants grow, rain falls, animals eat,
changing. Plants grow, rain falls, animals eat, and soils and soils develop. All of these actions and processes affect
develop. ecosystems. Because each component of an ecosystem
interacts with other components of that system, action or
(A) Very heavy rains, however, could carry away soil and plant change in one element often leads to ___(B)___, which
nutrients, hindering the growth of vegetation, thereby leaving a transforms the ecosystem. For example, a change in the
reduced food supply for the animals that depend on that ecosystem’s weather from sunshine to rain can benefit the soil,
vegetation. The supply of large amounts of moisture to the plants, and animals. Very heavy rains, however, could carry
remaining soil might preferentially benefit a few types of plants. away soil and plant nutrients, hindering the growth of
(B) As those plants grow and thrive, the increased shade that vegetation, thereby leaving a reduced food supply for the
they create could restrict the growth of other types of plants that animals that depend on that vegetation. The supply of large
would otherwise be competing for the remaining soil nutrients. amounts of moisture to the remaining soil might preferentially
benefit a few types of plants. As those plants grow and thrive,
(C) All of these actions and processes affect ecosystems.
the increased shade that they create could ___(C)___ that
Because each component of an ecosystem interacts with other
would otherwise be competing for the remaining soil nutrients.
components of that system, action or change in one element
often leads to action or change in others, which transforms the
ecosystem.For example, a change in the ecosystem’s weather ① restrict the growth of other types of plants
from sunshine to rain can benefit the soil, plants, and animals. ② action or change in others
③ dynamic in that their various parts are always changing
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
55. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<13-5> 57. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<13-6>
Very heavy rains, however, could carry away soil and plant
There are convincing reasons to believe that education can
nutrients, hindering the growth of vegetation, thereby leaving
increase wages for some, but (A) [they / there] are even more
a reduced food supply for the animals that depend on that
convincing reasons to believe that education by itself will not
vegetation.
end poverty. Education can do a lot of things, but it cannot
resolve the persistent economic problem of extreme poverty felt
Ecosystems are dynamic in that their various parts are always by tens of millions of Americans. The long-standing, persistent
changing. () Plants grow, rain falls, animals eat, and soils myth (B) [that / which] education alone can cure poverty is
develop. (‚) All of these actions and processes affect dangerous because it has caused schools to become overly
ecosystems. Because each component of an ecosystem focused on economic outcomes that will not be achieved without
interacts with other components of that system, action or fundamental social and economic reforms. And the focus on the
change in one element often leads to action or change in others, economic outcomes of education has pushed the democratic,
which transforms the ecosystem. (ƒ) For example, a change social-emotional, and intellectual aims of education to the side.
in the ecosystem’s weather from sunshine to rain can benefit Sadly, if schools continue to be viewed as the principal path to
the soil, plants, and animals. („) The supply of large amounts end poverty, then genuinely beneficial educational, social, and
of moisture to the remaining soil might preferentially benefit a economic reforms are (C) [likely / unlikely] to materialize and
few types of plants. (…) As those plants grow and thrive, the poverty in America will continue.
increased shade that they create could restrict the growth of
other types of plants that would otherwise be competing for the (A) (B) (C)
remaining soil nutrients. ① there … which … unlikely
② they … that … unlikely
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…) ③ there … that … unlikely
④ they … that … likely
⑤ there … which … likely
영어 카페 789
There are ⓐconvincing reasons to believe that education can Books may tell you ⓐhow to finger the notes and count, but they
increase wages for some, but there are even more convincing can’t catch you when you make a mistake, coach you to get a
reasons to believe that education by itself will not ⓑend poverty. good tone, or ⓑteach you to play musically. They can’t check
Education can do a lot of things, but it cannot resolve the your posture and hand position, or tell if you play out of tune.
persistent economic problem of extreme poverty ⓒfelt by tens A book may help you with some basics, but a private teacher
of millions of Americans. The long-standing, persistent myth acts as a personal trainer ⓒwho can collaborate with you to
that education alone can cure poverty is dangerous because it solve your problems and work with your own learning style. A
has caused schools to become ⓓoverly focused on economic book never tells you ⓓ go home and practice more, helps you
outcomes that will not be achieved without fundamental social with stage fright, or holds a recital. Interactive DVDs and CDs
and economic reforms. And the focus on the economic outcomes are ⓔ better than books because they give you a sound to
of education has pushed the democratic, social-emotional, and imitate, but they still can never replace a real teacher.
intellectual aims of education to the side. Sadly, if schools
continue to ⓔview as the principal path to end poverty, then ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
genuinely beneficial educational, social, and economic reforms
are unlikely to materialize and poverty in America will continue.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
59. 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<13-6> 61. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<13-8>
There are convincing reasons to believe that education can Food growers and producers who engage in sustainable
increase wages for some, but there are even more convincing agricultural practices (A) [balance / balancing] the long-term
reasons to believe that ___(A)___. Education can do a lot of environmental effects of their farming or ranching practices.
things, but it cannot resolve the persistent economic problem They might protect groundwater and streams from livestock
of extreme poverty felt by tens of millions of Americans. The waste and agricultural chemicals, for example. They might use
long-standing, persistent myth that ___(B)___ is dangerous integrated pest management (IPM), and [which / it] involves
because it has caused schools to become overly focused on using a pest’s natural enemies, such as adult lady beetles and
economic outcomes that will not be achieved without their larvae, because they feed on lice that kill plants, instead
fundamental social and economic reforms. And the focus on the of chemical pesticides. In some cases, the IPM strategy might
economic outcomes of education has pushed the democratic, be to simply harvest a crop before harmful insects can cause
social-emotional, and intellectual aims of education to the side. damage. (C) [The other / Another] sustainable practice is
Sadly, if schools continue to be viewed as the principal path to rotating crops ― planting different crops in a field during
end poverty, then genuinely beneficial educational, social, and growing seasons so that the same crop each year does not
economic reforms ___(C)___ and poverty in America will deplete the soil or get wiped out by pests.
continue.
(A) (B) (C)
① balancing … which … another
① are unlikely to materialize ② balance … it … another
② education by itself will not end poverty ③ balancing … it … another
③ education alone can cure poverty ④ balance … it … The other
⑤ balancing … which … The other
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Food growers and producers who engage in ⓐsustainable

agricultural practices balance the long-term environmental effects
of their farming or ranching practices. They might ⓑprotect
groundwater and streams from livestock waste and agricultural
chemicals, for example. They might use integrated pest
management (IPM), which involves ⓒusing a pest’s natural
enemies, such as adult lady beetles and their larvae, because
they feed on lice that ⓓkills plants, instead of chemical
pesticides. In some cases, the IPM strategy might be to simply
harvest a crop before harmful insects can cause damage.
Another sustainable practice is rotating crops ― planting different
crops in a field during growing seasons so that the ⓔsame crop
each year does not deplete the soil or get wiped out by pests.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ

Food growers and producers who engage in sustainable
agricultural practices balance the long-term environmental
effects of their farming or ranching practices. They might
protect groundwater and streams from livestock waste and
agricultural chemicals, for example.
(A) Another sustainable practice is rotating crops ― planting

different crops in a field during growing seasons so that the
same crop each year does not deplete the soil or get wiped out
by pests.
(B) They might use integrated pest management (IPM), which
involves using a pest’s natural enemies, such as adult lady
beetles and their larvae, because they feed on lice that kill
plants, instead of chemical pesticides.
(C) In some cases, the IPM strategy might be to simply harvest
a crop before harmful insects can cause damage.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
영어 카페 789
14 강 문단 내 글의 순서 파악하기
64. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<14-1> 66. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<14-2>
Victor Borge, American comedian and pianist, always made a Common experience tells us that an object that is moving at
point of observing his audience closely. (A) [If / Unless] any constant speed will eventually slow down and come to a stop
members of it responded poorly, he would try different lines of unless there is something to keep it (A) [from moving / moving]
approach. One evening he found himself confronted by a table at constant speed. An example is a vehicle or a bicycle on a
of six, all totally unsmiling. After fifteen minutes during which he road. If the driver takes his or her foot off the accelerator, or if
failed, despite his best efforts, (B) elicit / [to eliciting] any the cyclist (B) [will stop / stops] pedaling, then the vehicle or the
response, Borge appealed to them in desperation to tell him bicycle will slow down and come to a stop. The problem here
why they were not enjoying the show. One man replied in is that there is a friction force between the wheels and the road,
English so heavily accented as to be almost unintelligible, “We acting backwards, and it eventually acts to bring the bicycle to
come to hear you (C) [to play / play] piano. Please play piano.” a stop (C) [if / unless] the cyclist stops pedaling. If the friction
They were Latin Americans and had not understood a word of force could be reduced then the cyclist would not have to pedal
what Borge had been saying. He played the piano, and the so hard. And if friction and air resistance could be eliminated
faces of the six lit up with smiles. completely, then the cyclist could coast along at constant
speed, at least on a level surface, without having to pedal at all.
(A) (B) (C)
① Unless … eliciting … play (A) (B) (C)
② If … to elicit … play ① moving … stops … if
③ Unless … to elicit … play ② from moving … will stop … if
④ If … to elicit … to play ③ moving … will stop … if
⑤ Unless … eliciting … to play ④ from moving … will stop … unless
⑤ moving … stops … unless
65. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<14-1> 67. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<14-2>
One man replied in English so heavily accented as to be almost Common experience tells us ⓐthat an object that is moving at
unintelligible, “We come to hear you play piano. constant speed will eventually slow down and come to a stop
unless ⓑit is something to keep it moving at constant speed. An
Victor Borge, American comedian and pianist, always made a example is a vehicle or a bicycle on a road. If the driver takes his
point of observing his audience closely. () If any members of or her foot off the accelerator, or if the cyclist stops ⓒpedaling,
it responded poorly, he would try different lines of approach. (‚) then the vehicle or the bicycle will slow down and come to a
One evening he found himself confronted by a table of six, all stop. The problem here is that there is a friction force between
totally unsmiling. (ƒ) After fifteen minutes during which he the wheels and the road, ⓓacting backwards, and it eventually
failed, despite his best efforts, to elicit any response, Borge acts to bring the bicycle to a stop if the cyclist stops pedaling.
appealed to them in desperation to tell him why they were not If the friction force could be reduced then the cyclist would not
enjoying the show. („) Please play piano.” They were Latin have to pedal so hard. And if friction and air resistance could
Americans and had not understood a word of what Borge had ⓔbe eliminated completely, then the cyclist could coast along
been saying. (…) He played the piano, and the faces of the six at constant speed, at least on a level surface, without having
lit up with smiles. to pedal at all.
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…) ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
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68. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<14-3> 70. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<14-4>
Groups of Inuit, usually all related one way or another, would ‘Economics of Happiness’ is a label often (A) [is used / used] to
form a group or band and move together from place to place refer to a recent approach to assessing welfare which combines
in search of food. These groups varied in size from a few dozen the techniques typically used by economists with those more
to a few hundred. The men in these groups spent almost every commonly used by psychologists. By ‘happiness’ is meant
single day (A) [searching / searched] for enough food to keep something rather peculiar, that is, the subjective state of mind
their people alive. They never hunted for land animals and sea of well-being that people (B) [are asked / asking] to self-report
creatures on the same trip, as they believed (B) [what / that] according to the qualitative or numerical scale proposed in the
would anger the spirits. When hunting on land, the men would survey question. Therefore, this economic branch does not
climb on wooden dogsleds, known as qamutiks. These were concentrate on ‘what happiness is’; rather, it takes a
pulled by their faithful, hardworking team of huskies or qimmiq. pragmatic stance on the content of ‘happiness’ by focusing on
These sleds were often coated with moss or ice to help them very simple measures, so that many data on the same
(C) [slide / sliding] easily across the snow. Some sleds were question can be obtained. This abundance of information can
short, measuring only a few feet long and pulled by several be usefully exploited by econometric techniques in order to
dogs. Others were much longer, and pulled through the snow study the determinants of happiness, although causation is
by a dozen hardy dogs. difficult to (C) [prove it / prove].
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

① searched … what … sliding ① used … asking … prove it
② searching … that … sliding ② is used … are asked … prove it
③ searched … that … slide ③ used … are asked … prove it
④ searching … that … slide ④ is used … are asked … prove
⑤ searched … what … slide ⑤ used … asking … prove
69. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<14-3> 71. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<14-4>
When hunting on land, the men would climb on wooden ‘Economics of Happiness’ is a label often used to refer to a
dogsleds, known as qamutiks. recent approach to assessing welfare which combines the
techniques typically used by economists with those more
Groups of Inuit, usually all related one way or another, would commonly used by psychologists. By ‘happiness’ is meant
form a group or band and move together from place to place something rather peculiar, ___(A)___, the subjective state of
in search of food. () These groups varied in size from a few mind of well-being that people are asked to self-report
dozen to a few hundred. The men in these groups spent almost according to the qualitative or numerical scale proposed in the
every single day searching for enough food to keep their people survey question. Therefore, this economic branch does not
alive. (‚) They never hunted for land animals and sea creatures concentrate on ‘what happiness is’; ___(B)___, it takes a
on the same trip, as they believed that would anger the spirits. pragmatic stance on the content of ‘happiness’ by focusing on
(ƒ) These were pulled by their faithful, hardworking team of very simple measures, so that many data on the same question
huskies or qimmiq. These sleds were often coated with moss can be obtained. This abundance of information can be usefully
or ice to help them slide easily across the snow. („) Some sleds exploited by econometric techniques in order to study the
were short, measuring only a few feet long and pulled by several determinants of happiness, although causation is difficult to
dogs. (…) Others were much longer, and pulled through the prove.
snow by a dozen hardy dogs.
(A) (B)
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…) ① for example …… Therefore
② that is …… rather
③ likewise …… In contrast
④ however …… For example
⑤ for example …… Nevertheless
영어 카페 789
‘Economics of Happiness’ is a label often used to ⓐrefer to a The Australian actor Frederick Mathias Alexander created the
recent approach to assessing welfare which combines the Alexander technique at the turn of the century. He had chronic
techniques typically ⓑused by economists with those more voice problems and went in search of a solution ⓐto save his
commonly used by psychologists. By ‘happiness’ is meant voice and career. He frequently lost his voice while on stage and
something rather peculiar, that is, the subjective state of mind regained it later while ⓑresting. In an effort to discover why, he
of well-being that people are asked to ⓒself-report according to studied his body in the mirror, ⓒwatching his posture during
the qualitative or numerical scale proposed in the survey movements very closely. When he mimicked his acting roles he
question. _______, this economic branch does not concentrate frequently noticed how the position of his head shifted, ⓓplacing
on ‘ⓓwhat happiness is’; rather, it takes a pragmatic stance on increasing levels of stress on his neck and his breathing. He
the content of ‘happiness’ by focusing on very simple measures, could feel how his throat tightened and made attempts to correct
so that many data on the same question can be obtained. This the position of his head and body while he delivered his lines. He
abundance of information can be usefully exploited by believed ⓔwhat by correcting negative postural and attitudinal
econometric techniques in order to study the determinants of patterns he could influence his health concerns. Because of the
happiness, ⓔbecause causation is difficult to prove. importance of correct posture in healing from injuries, the
Alexander technique is an excellent choice of therapy.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ

① Therefore ② For example ③ However
④ Furthermore ⑤ In short
The Australian actor Frederick Mathias Alexander created the By 18 months, remarkable emotional competence emerges in
Alexander technique at the turn of the century. He had chronic toddlers. They begin to exhibit what scholars call “self-
voice problems and (A) [going / went] in search of a solution to conscious emotions,” emotions ⓐassociated with awareness of
save his voice and career. He frequently lost his voice while on a “self” that is judged by others (e.g., guilt, shame, and
stage and regained it later while resting. In an effort to discover embarrassment). For example, in one experiment, researchers
why, he studied his body in the mirror, watching his posture ⓑasking mothers to place rouge on the nose of their toddlers
during movements very closely. When he mimicked his acting and place them in front of a mirror. Toddlers younger than 18
roles he frequently noticed (B) [how / what] the position of his months seemed to have no emotional response. However, by
head shifted, placing increasing levels of stress on his neck and about 18 months, the toddlers became upset when ⓒlooking at
his breathing. He could feel how his throat tightened and made themselves in the mirror. Although they didn’t know the word,
attempts to correct the position of his head and body while he they were experiencing embarrassment. By 18 months,
delivered his lines. He believed that by correcting negative children are also beginning to develop the ability to feel
postural and attitudinal patterns he could influence his health empathy for the emotional ⓓstates of others. This level of
concerns. (C) [Because / Because of] the importance of correct development is evident when a 2-year-old offers a hug to
posture in healing from injuries, the Alexander technique is an another child who is crying, ⓔas if to say, “I feel better when
excellent choice of therapy. mom hugs me so I will hug you.”
(A) (B) (C) ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ

① went … what … because of
② going … how … because of
③ went … how … because of
④ going … how … because
⑤ went … what … because
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77. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<14-6> 79. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<14-7>
By 18 months, remarkable emotional competence emerges in Many people out there think that they’ve got the answer, that
toddlers. They begin to exhibit what scholars call “self-conscious their approach is the best, that they have the truth. You’ve met
emotions,” emotions associated with awareness of a “self” that is some of them, yes? They can’t all be 100 percent right, of
judged by others (e.g., guilt, shame, and embarrassment). course, because they’d contradict each other. Yet the opposite
___(A)___, in one experiment, researchers asked mothers to doesn’t make sense either: they can’t all be 100 percent wrong
place rouge on the nose of their toddlers and place them in front all the time! ___(A)___, everyone comes from a perspective, or
of a mirror. Toddlers younger than 18 months seemed to have point of view, which, by its very nature, is limited and partial. And
no emotional response. ___(B)___, by about 18 months, the the more perspectives you take into account, the better you can
toddlers became upset when looking at themselves in the understand something, whether it be yourself, a relationship
mirror. Although they didn’t know the word, they were with another person, or a situation in the world. ___(B)___, the
experiencing embarrassment. By 18 months, children are also fewer perspectives you consider, the more susceptible you are
beginning to develop the ability to feel empathy for the to fallacies or misconceptions resulting from a limited view. A
emotional states of others. This level of development is evident fallacy occurs when someone reduces what they understand to
when a 2-year-old offers a hug to another child who is crying, be “reality” by ignoring important perspectives, thereby arriving
as if to say, “I feel better when mom hugs me so I will hug you.” at misleading conclusions.
(A) (B) (A) (B)

① For example …… Therefore ① For example …… Therefore
② Therefore …… Instead ② Therefore …… Instead
③ Likewise …… In contrast ③ Instead …… In contrast
④ However …… For example ④ However …… For example
⑤ For example …… However ⑤ For example …… Nevertheless
78. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<14-7> 80. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<14-7>
Many people out there think that they’ve got the answer, that In contrast, the fewer perspectives you consider, the more
their approach is the best, that they have the truth. You’ve met susceptible you are to fallacies or misconceptions resulting
some of them, yes? They can’t all be 100 percent right, of from a limited view.
course, (A) [whether / because] they’d contradict each other. Yet
the opposite doesn’t make sense either: they can’t all be 100 Many people out there think that they’ve got the answer, that
percent wrong all the time! Instead, everyone comes from a their approach is the best, that they have the truth. You’ve met
perspective, or point of view, which, by its very nature, is limited some of them, yes? () They can’t all be 100 percent right, of
and partial. And the more perspectives you take into account, course, because they’d contradict each other. (‚) Yet the
the (B) [best / better] you can understand something, whether opposite doesn’t make sense either: they can’t all be 100
it be yourself, a relationship with another person, or a situation percent wrong all the time! (ƒ) Instead, everyone comes from
in the world. In contrast, the fewer perspectives you consider, a perspective, or point of view, which, by its very nature, is
the more susceptible you are to fallacies or misconceptions limited and partial. („) And the more perspectives you take into
resulting from a limited view. A fallacy (C) [occurs / occurring] account, the better you can understand something, whether it
when someone reduces what they understand to be “reality” by be yourself, a relationship with another person, or a situation in
ignoring important perspectives, thereby arriving at misleading the world. (…) A fallacy occurs when someone reduces what
conclusions. they understand to be “reality” by ignoring important
perspectives, thereby arriving at misleading conclusions.
(A) (B) (C)
① whether … best … occurring ① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
② because … better … occurring
③ whether … better … occurs
④ because … better … occurs
⑤ whether … best … occurs
영어 카페 789

Honoring heroes is best done with love. It is essential that they
and their deeds (A) [be taken / take] at face value. For only in
doing that can we really appreciate, for better or worse, what
has transpired. But dealing with heroes only at the level of
acceptance is not sufficient, for then we never ask what could
have (B) [done / been done]. What are the possible implications
of their contributions? The function of memories is not only to
let go of the past but also to lay the groundwork for whatever
comes next. It is the front edge of a learning process that can
take us from where we were toward (C) [however / whatever] we
might become. And the driving engine of that process is critical
judgment. Love maintains the democratic, self-managing
meetings in which heroes can be seen for what they were, and
learned from, as a guide to possible futures.
(A) (B) (C)

① be taken … been done … whatever
② take … done … whatever
③ be taken … done … whatever
④ take … done … however
⑤ be taken … been done … however
82. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓒ 부분을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.<14-8>
Honoring heroes is best done with love. It is essential that they

and their deeds be taken at face value. For only in doing that
can we really appreciate, for better or worse, what has
transpired. But ⓐdeal with heroes only at the level of
acceptance is not sufficient, for then we never ask what could
have been done. What are the possible implications of their
contributions? The function of memories is not only to let go of
the past but also ⓑto lie the groundwork for whatever comes
next. It is the front edge of a learning process that can take us
from where we were toward whatever we might become. And
the driving engine of that process is critical judgment. Love
maintains the democratic, self-managing meetings in which
heroes can be seen for what they were, and ⓒlearn from, as
a guide to possible futures.
ⓐ→
ⓑ→
ⓒ→
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15 강 문단 속에 문장 넣기
83. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은? <15-1> 85. (A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<15-2>
One of the most important productive functions of government Often, genetic differences are related to the environment
is providing a stable monetary and financial environment. If (A) [which / in which] a people or their ancestors lived. Consider
markets are going to work well, individuals have to know the skin color. When exposed to sunlight, human skin
value of (A) [what / whether] they are buying or selling. For manufactures vitamin D, a necessary nutrient. The melanin
market prices to convey this information, a stable monetary existing in human skin produces the color our eyes perceive as
system is needed. This is especially true for the many market dark. High levels of melanin protect darker skin against sun
exchanges that involve a time dimension. Houses, cars, damage, so melanin usually is beneficial in tropical environments,
consumer durables, land, buildings, equipment, and many (B) [which / in which] sunlight is most intense. However, as
other items are often (B) [paid / paid for] over a period of months humans migrated into more temperate regions tens of
or even years. When the purchasing power of money thousands of years ago, too much melanin became harmful. In
fluctuates wildly, previously determined prices do not high latitudes, melanin reduces the penetration of sunlight in the
represent their intended values. Under these circumstances, skin, (C) [reducing / reduces] its ability to make vitamin D. Thus,
exchanges (C) [involving / involve] long-term commitments are dark pigmentation is harmful in high latitudes like Europe and
hampered, and the smooth operation of markets is undermined. Siberia, and over many centuries skin grew lighter (“whiter”) in
such regions.
(A) (B) (C)
① whether … paid … involving (A) (B) (C)
② what … paid for … involving ① which … which … reduces
③ whether … paid for … involving ② in which … in which … reduces
④ what … paid for … involve ③ which … in which … reducing
⑤ whether … paid … involve ④ in which … in which … reducing
⑤ which … which … reducing
84. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오. <15-1>

86. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<15-2>
One of the most important productive functions of government
is providing a stable monetary and financial environment. Often, genetic differences are related to the environment in
which a people or their ancestors lived. Consider skin color.
(A) When the purchasing power of money fluctuates wildly, When exposed to sunlight, human skin manufactures vitamin
previously determined prices do not represent their intended D, a necessary nutrient. The melanin existing in human skin
values. produces the color our eyes perceive as dark. High levels of
(B) If markets are going to work well, individuals have to know melanin protect darker skin against sun damage, so melanin
the value of what they are buying or selling. For market prices usually is beneficial in tropical environments, where sunlight is
to convey this information, a stable monetary system is needed. most intense. ___(A)___, as humans migrated into more
temperate regions tens of thousands of years ago, too much
(C) This is especially true for the many market exchanges that
melanin became harmful. In high latitudes, melanin reduces the
involve a time dimension. Houses, cars, consumer durables,
penetration of sunlight in the skin, reducing its ability to make
land, buildings, equipment, and many other items are often paid
vitamin D. ___(B)___, dark pigmentation is harmful in high
for over a period of months or even years.
latitudes like Europe and Siberia, and over many centuries skin
Under these circumstances, exchanges involving long-term grew lighter (“whiter”) in such regions.
commitments are hampered, and the smooth operation of
markets is undermined. (A) (B)
① For example …… Therefore
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A) ② Therefore …… Instead
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A) ③ Likewise …… In contrast
④ However …… Thus
⑤ For example …… Nevertheless
영어 카페 789
Today, the vast majority of mapmakers ⓐemploy computer The last ice age came to an end about 13,000 years ago and
technologies. For most mapping projects, computer systems with that warmer, wetter conditions ⓐprevailed. ________,
are faster, more efficient, and less expensive than the conditions were favourable for the growth of grasses such as
hand-drawn cartographic techniques they ⓑhave replaced. wild barley and wheat. At the same time, as open forests and
Spatial data representing elevations, depths, temperatures, or grasslands ⓑextended, the population of certain animal
populations can be stored in a digital database, accessed, and species such as wild sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and donkeys
displayed on a map. The database for a map can include increased. What we find is that human societies began to
information on coastlines, political boundaries, city locations, river gradually prefer areas that had ⓒan abundance of wild grasses
systems, ⓒmapping projections, and coordinate systems. In and animals. Now relatively large, permanent communities
digital form, maps can be easily revised because they do not have occupied such areas for most parts of the year. With some
to be manually redrawn with each revision or major change. areas ⓓbeing clearly preferred, a pressure may have built up
to increase the food supply. This may have triggered the
Computer-generated map revision is essential for updating
process of domestication of certain plants and animals. It is
rapidly changing phenomena such as weather systems, air
likely that a combination of factors which included climatic
pollution, ocean currents, volcanic eruptions, and forest fires.
change, population pressure, ⓓa greater reliance on and
Digital maps can be instantly distributed and shared via the
knowledge of a few species of plants (such as wheat, barley and
Internet. ________, it is still important ⓓto understand basic
rice) and animals (such as sheep, cattle and pigs) played a role
cartographic principles to make a good map. A computer mapping
in this transformation.
system will draw only ⓔwhat an operator instructs it to draw.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ

① In short ② For example ③ However
① Therefore ② For example ③ However
④ Furthermore ⑤ As a result
92. (A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<15-5>

Comparison of the characteristics of different societies involves
89. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<15-3> problems. At times, it is difficult to decide (A) [what / whether]
two or more societies are independent or should be treated as
Today, the vast majority of mapmakers employ computer
technologies. For most mapping projects, computer systems one. Or, consider definitions: If we are comparing the family
are faster, more efficient, and less expensive than the institution in different societies, we must define family broadly
hand-drawn cartographic techniques they have replaced. enough to cover cultural variations yet specifically enough to
make comparisons meaningful. Sociologists do not always
agree on just what a family is. Again, if we are comparing
(A) In digital form, maps can be easily revised because they do
unemployment in urban-industrial societies, we must agree on
not have to be manually redrawn with each revision or major what we mean by unemployment. For example, in the early
change. Computer-generated map revision is essential for 1980s, the unemployment rate in Mexico, computed by U.S.
updating rapidly changing phenomena such as weather systems, standards, (B) [were / was] approximately 30 per cent. Mexican
air pollution, ocean currents, volcanic eruptions, and forest fires. economists, however, argued that this figure was meaningless
(B) Digital maps can be instantly distributed and shared via the because Mexican work habits and culture were different from
Internet. However, it is still important to understand basic those in the United States. Much of what was measured as
cartographic principles to make a good map. A computer mapping unemployment, they said, was actually individuals who were
system will draw only what an operator instructs it to draw. working at home and not earning money in the marketplace.
Thus, although they had nonmarket jobs, they had still been
(C) Spatial data representing elevations, depths, temperatures,
(C) [counted / counting] as unemployed.
or populations can be stored in a digital database, accessed, and
displayed on a map. The database for a map can include
(A) (B) (C)
information on coastlines, political boundaries, city locations, river
① what … were … counted
systems, map projections, and coordinate systems.
② whether … was … counted
③ whether … was … counted
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
④ whether … was … counting
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
⑤ what … were … counting
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93. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<15-5> 96. (A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<15-6>
Comparison of the characteristics of different societies Each year about 50,000 species of plants and animals
involves problems. At times, it is difficult to decide whether two disappear from the planet as a result of human activity.
or more societies are independent or should be treated as one.
Conservationists and environmental activists have been trying
to elevate the priority (A) [give /given] to the protection of the
(A) Or, consider definitions: If we are comparing the family environment and its inhabitants for many years, but the public,
institution in different societies, we must define family broadly politicians, and criminologists have largely ignored their efforts.
enough to cover cultural variations yet specifically enough to make Various media outlets report stories of people tying themselves
comparisons meaningful. Sociologists do not always agree on just to trees in order to save spotted owls, or of large-scale
what a family is. construction projects that are halted (B) [because / although] an
(B) Mexican economists, however, argued that this figure was endangered frog’s habitat might be in jeopardy. Much of what
meaningless because Mexican work habits and culture were was measured as unemployment, they said, was actually
different from those in the United States. Much of what was individuals who were working at home and not earning money
measured as unemployment, they said, was actually individuals in the marketplace. Some see these actions as moral victories
who were working at home and not earning money in the while others see them as simply absurd. As more prominent
marketplace. public figures become active in the fight against crimes
involving nature, the problem of (C) [illegal / illegally] trading
(C) Again, if we are comparing unemployment in urban-industrial
endangered species will gain prominence in society. As an
societies, we must agree on what we mean by unemployment. For
example, the awarding of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize to former
example, in the early 1980s, the unemployment rate in Mexico,
U.S. Vice President Al Gore and the UN Intergovernmental
computed by U.S. standards, was approximately 30 per cent.
Panel on Climate Change reminded people that environmental
Thus, although they had nonmarket jobs, they had still been causes are noteworthy.
counted as unemployed.
(A) (B) (C)
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A) ① give … because … illegal
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A) ② given … because … illegally
③ give … because … illegally
④ given … although … illegally
⑤ give … although … illegal
Comparison of the characteristics of different societies ⓐinvolves

problems. At times, it is difficult to decide whether two or more
societies are independent or should be treated as one. Or,
consider definitions: If we are ⓑcomparing the family institution
in different societies, we must define family broadly enough to Each year about 50,000 species of plants and animals
cover cultural variations yet ⓒspecifically enough to make disappear from the planet as a result of human activity.
comparisons meaningful. Sociologists do not always agree on Conservationists and environmental activists have been trying
just what a family is. Again, if we are comparing unemployment ⓐto elevate the priority given to the protection of the environment
in urban-industrial societies, we must agree on what we mean and its inhabitants for many years, but the public, politicians, and
by unemployment. For example, in the early 1980s, the criminologists have largely ignored their efforts. Various media
unemployment rate in Mexico, ⓓcomputed by U.S. standards, outlets report stories of people ⓑtying themselves to trees in
was approximately 30 per cent. Mexican economists, order to save spotted owls, or of large-scale construction
________, argued that this figure was meaningless because projects that are halted because an endangered frog’s habitat
Mexican work habits and culture were different from ⓔthat in might be in jeopardy. Much of what was measured as
the United States. Much of what was measured as unemployment, they said, ⓒwas actually individuals who were
unemployment, they said, was actually individuals who were working at home and not earning money in the marketplace.
working at home and not earning money in the marketplace. Some see these actions as moral victories while others see
Thus, although they had nonmarket jobs, they had still been them as simply absurd. As more prominent public figures
counted as unemployed. become active in the fight against crimes ⓓinvolving nature, the
problem of illegally trading endangered species will gain
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ prominence in society. As an example, the awarding of the 2007
Nobel Peace Prize to former U.S. Vice President Al Gore and
the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reminded
95. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. people ⓔof environmental causes are noteworthy.
④ furthermore ⑤ in short ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
영어 카페 789
98. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.<15-6> 100. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<15-7>
Each year about 50,000 species of plants and animals Permission to fail is really permission to excel, but few people
disappear from the planet as a result of human activity. learn this (A) [enough early / early enough] to make a difference
Conservationists and environmental activists have been trying
in their lives or careers. Those who take pride in having made
to elevate the priority given to the protection of the environment
and its inhabitants for many years, but the public, politicians, few mistakes usually work for someone who has made many
and criminologists have largely ignored their efforts. and expects to make more. The skier who never falls down has
not challenged himself or herself enough to master the
(A) As an example, the awarding of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize techniques of navigating double black-diamond runs. In all
to former U.S. Vice President Al Gore and the UN endeavors, failure is the price (B) [paid / paying] for learning how
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reminded people to succeed. Ironically, most people abandon the quest even
that environmental causes are noteworthy. when they are on the right road to the right goal with the right
spirit. They merely fail to persevere in the face of adversity.
(B) Various media outlets report stories of people tying
Thomas Edison, an icon who parlayed a life of failures into
themselves to trees in order to save spotted owls, or of
blockbusting successes, once observed, “Many of life’s failures
large-scale construction projects that are halted because an
are people who did not realize (C) [however / how] close they
endangered frog’s habitat might be in jeopardy. Much of what
were to success when they gave up.”
was measured as unemployment, they said, was actually
individuals who were working at home and not earning money
(A) (B) (C)
in the marketplace.
① early enough … paid … how
(C) Some see these actions as moral victories while others see ② enough early … paying … how
them as simply absurd. As more prominent public figures
③ enough early … paid … how
become active in the fight against crimes involving nature, the
④ enough early … paying … however
problem of illegally trading endangered species will gain
⑤ early enough … paid … however
prominence in society.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
101. 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<15-7>

Permission to fail is really ___(A)___ permission to excel, but
few people learn this early enough to make a difference in their
Permission to fail is really permission to excel, but ⓐfew people lives or careers. Those who take pride in having made few
learn this early enough to make a difference in their lives or mistakes usually work for someone who has made many and
careers. Those who take pride in ⓑhaving made few mistakes expects to make more. The skier who never falls down has not
usually work for someone who has made many and expects to challenged himself or herself enough to master the techniques
make more. The skier who never falls down has not challenged of navigating double black-diamond runs. In all endeavors,
himself or herself enough to master the techniques of ___(B)___ failure is the price paid for learning how to succeed.
navigating double black-diamond runs. In all endeavors, failure Ironically, most people abandon the quest even when they are
is the price paid for learning how to succeed. ⓒIronically, most on the right road to the right goal with the right spirit. They
people abandon the quest even when they are on the right road merely fail to persevere in the face of adversity. Thomas
to the right goal with the right spirit. They merely fail to Edison, an icon who parlayed a life of failures into blockbusting
persevere in the face of adversity. Thomas Edison, an icon who successes, once observed, “Many of life’s failures are people
ⓓparlaying a life of failures into blockbusting successes, once who did not realize ___(C)___ how close they were to success
observed, “Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize when they gave up.”
how ⓔclose they were to success when they gave up.”
① failure is the price paid
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
② permission to excel
③ how close they were to success when they gave up
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102. (A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<15-8>

In relatively shallow coastal areas, sea water often appears to
have more of a green, yellow, or even red hue. This is due to
the (A) [relative / relatively] high quantities of suspended and
floating material in these waters. Such materials restrict the
penetration of light, and therefore more of the light is reflected
from the upper layers of the water, (B) [which / where] the longer
red, yellow, and green wavelengths predominate. There
typically are more suspended particles in coastal waters than
in offshore waters. This is because coastal waters contain
material (C) [carried / to carry] in by rivers, sediment stirred up
from the bottom by waves and currents, and a relatively high
amount of plant and animal growth. Some coastal waters and
rivers can have such a high concentration of suspended
sediment and floating plant material that light only penetrates
the surface a foot or so. In this case, the water may appear
brown, red, or even black.
(A) (B) (C)

① relative … which … carried
② relatively … where … carried
③ relatively … which … carried
④ relatively … where … to carry
⑤ relative … which … to carry

In relatively shallow coastal areas, sea water often appears to
have more of a green, yellow, or even red hue. This is due to
the relatively high quantities of suspended and floating material
in these waters.
(A) Some coastal waters and rivers can have such a high
concentration of suspended sediment and floating plant
material that light only penetrates the surface a foot or so. In this
case, the water may appear brown, red, or even black.
(B) This is because coastal waters contain material carried in
by rivers, sediment stirred up from the bottom by waves and
currents, and a relatively high amount of plant and animal
growth.
(C) Such materials restrict the penetration of light, and therefore
more of the light is reflected from the upper layers of the water,
where the longer red, yellow, and green wavelengths
predominate. There typically are more suspended particles in
coastal waters than in offshore waters.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
영어 카페 789
16 강 문단 요약
104. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<16-1> 106. (A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<16-2>
No one has been more wrong about computerization than In spite of the remarkable variety of interests and personalities
George Orwell in 1984, a novel about government ⓐcontroling (A) [represent / represented] in classrooms, the daily activities
of the lives of individuals by a Big Brother brain. So far, nearly are generally carried out without mishap. Some students claim
everything about the actual possibility-space that computers to be taking a course in social psychology because of a
have created ⓑindicates they are not the beginning of authority theoretical interest in the subject matter; some, because a
but its end. In the process of connecting everything to everything, professor advised them to take it; and some, because it
computers elevate the power of the small player, ⓒencouraging happens to come at a convenient hour. In spite of this diversity
freedom and democratic practices. They make room for the of intention, the enterprise goes on, for all of the participants
different, and they reward small innovations. Instead of enforcing (B) [share / sharing] certain minimal understandings. There are
uniformity, they promote heterogeneity and autonomy. Instead of common assumptions regarding the time and place of the
sucking the soul from human bodies, ⓓturning computer users meetings, the appropriate dress for these occasions, and the
into an army of dull clones, networked computers ― by division of labor in which the professor has primary responsibility.
reflecting the networked nature of our own brains — encourage It is generally understood (C) [what / that] professors are likely
the humanism of their users. Because they have taken on the to be upset if people are consistently late, argue too fiercely with
flexibility, adaptability, and self-connecting governance of them, or appear disrespectful; hence, most students make
organic systems, we become more human, not less so, ⓔwhich some effort to arrive on time and to suppress their tendencies
we use them. toward aggression or falling asleep. Such common understandings
may be referred to as group norms.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
(A) (B) (C)
① represented … share … that
② represent … share … what
③ represented … share … what
④ represent … sharing … what
⑤ represented … sharing … that
105. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<16-1> 107. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<16-2>
No one has been more wrong about computerization than In spite of this diversity of intention, the enterprise goes on, for
George Orwell in 1984, a novel about government control of the all of the participants share certain minimal understandings.
lives of individuals by a Big Brother brain. So far, nearly
everything about the actual possibility-space that computers In spite of the remarkable variety of interests and personalities
have created indicates they are not the beginning of authority represented in classrooms, the daily activities are generally
but its end. In the process of connecting everything to carried out without mishap. () Some students claim to be
everything, computers ⓐelevate the power of the small player, taking a course in social psychology because of a theoretical
encouraging freedom and democratic practices. They make interest in the subject matter. (‚) Some, because a professor
room for the different, and they ⓑreward small innovations. advised them to take it; and some, because it happens to come
Instead of enforcing uniformity, they promote heterogeneity and at a convenient hour. (ƒ) There are common assumptions
ⓒautonomy. Instead of sucking the soul from human bodies, regarding the time and place of the meetings, the appropriate
turning computer users into an army of dull clones, networked dress for these occasions, and the division of labor in which the
computers ― by reflecting the networked nature of our own professor has primary responsibility. („) It is generally
brains — ⓓdiscourage the humanism of their users. Because understood that professors are likely to be upset if people are
they have taken on the flexibility, adaptability, and consistently late, argue too fiercely with them, or appear
self-connecting governance of organic systems, we become disrespectful; hence, most students make some effort to arrive
more human, not ⓔless so, when we use them. on time and to suppress their tendencies toward aggression or
falling asleep. (…) Such common understandings may be
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ referred to as group norms.
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
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영어 카페 789
108. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<16-3> 110. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<16-3>
Existing travel information systems, such as electronic signage These two characteristics hinder the development of trust and
on motorways, are designed to consider travellers as ⓐcrowds, credibility of the particular systems.
lacking any form of personalised information format and
delivery. Moreover, most advanced traffic management Existing travel information systems, such as electronic signage
systems rely on a centrally controlled infrastructure and on motorways, are designed to consider travellers as crowds,
information source. These two characteristics ⓑhinder the lacking any form of personalised information format and
development of trust and credibility of the particular systems. delivery. () Moreover, most advanced traffic management
Indeed, a travel information system that more often than not systems rely on a centrally controlled infrastructure and
information source. (‚) Indeed, a travel information system that
delivers information ⓒrelated to someone’s journey, gradually
more often than not delivers information unrelated to
becomes ‘noise’ in the travellers’ environment. According to
someone’s journey, gradually becomes ‘noise’ in the travellers’
experts in transportation research, the reaction of drivers to environment. (ƒ) According to experts in transportation
electronic signage messages ⓓdecreases over time, showing research, the reaction of drivers to electronic signage
a potential distrust of the displayed messages. An information messages decreases over time, showing a potential distrust of
system that relies on a single source of information is at risk of the displayed messages. („) An information system that relies
becoming untrustworthy. Incidents where ⓔwrong or inaccurate on a single source of information is at risk of becoming
information is delivered by the single information source, would untrustworthy. (…) Incidents where wrong or inaccurate
damage trust levels on the system as a whole. information is delivered by the single information source, would
damage trust levels on the system as a whole.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
109. (A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<16-3> 111. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<16-4>
Existing travel information systems, such as electronic signage Many of our intuitive theories about the impact of events on our
on motorways, are designed to consider travellers as crowds, emotional lives are mistaken. However, sometimes they are
(A) [lack / lacking] any form of personalised information format mistaken in a rather special way. We often hit the nail on the
and delivery. Moreover, most advanced traffic management head when it comes to (A) [predict / predicting] the type of impact
systems rely on a centrally controlled infrastructure and an event will have on us and the intensity of that impact. For
information source. These two characteristics hinder the example, we may correctly predict that winning a lottery would
development of trust and credibility of the particular systems. thrill us more than locating a long lost sock, or (B) [that / what]
Indeed, a travel information system (B) [where / that] more often the loss of a limb would horrify us more than a run in our nylons.
than not delivers information unrelated to someone’s journey, Where we err, however, is in estimating the duration of the
gradually becomes ‘noise’ in the travellers’ environment. positive or negative feelings that such events evoke. Research
According to experts in transportation research, the reaction of shows, for example, that the thrill of winning the lottery, and the
drivers to electronic signage messages decreases over time, horror of acquiring a physical handicap, both diminish more
showing a potential distrust of the displayed messages. An quickly than expected. Indeed, after only a few months, people
information system that (C) [relies / is relied] on a single source who have experienced either one or the other (C) [are / is] barely
of information is at risk of becoming untrustworthy. Incidents distinguishable in terms of their overall happiness.
where wrong or inaccurate information is delivered by the single
information source, would damage trust levels on the system (A) (B) (C)
as a whole. ① predicting … that … are
② predict … what … are
(A) (B) (C)
③ predict … that … are
① lack … where … is relied
④ predict … what … is
② lacking … that … is relied
⑤ predicting … that … is
③ lacking … where … relies
④ lacking … that … relies
⑤ lack … where … relies
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112. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<16-4>

Many of our intuitive theories about the impact of events on our
emotional lives are mistaken. ___(A)___, sometimes they are
mistaken in a rather special way. We often hit the nail on the
head when it comes to predicting the type of impact an event
will have on us and the intensity of that impact. For example,
we may correctly predict that winning a lottery would thrill us
more than locating a long lost sock, or that the loss of a limb
would horrify us more than a run in our nylons. Where we err,
however, is in estimating the duration of the positive or negative
feelings that such events evoke. Research shows, ___(B)___,
that the thrill of winning the lottery, and the horror of acquiring
a physical handicap, both diminish more quickly than expected.
Indeed, after only a few months, people who have experienced
either one or the other are barely distinguishable in terms of
their overall happiness.
(A) (B)
① For example …… therefore
② Therefore …… instead
③ Likewise …… in contrast
④ However …… for example
⑤ For example …… nevertheless
113. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<16-4>
For example, we may correctly predict that winning a lottery

would thrill us more than locating a long lost sock, or that the
loss of a limb would horrify us more than a run in our nylons.
Many of our intuitive theories about the impact of events on our

emotional lives are mistaken. () However, sometimes they
are mistaken in a rather special way. (‚) We often hit the nail
on the head when it comes to predicting the type of impact an
event will have on us and the intensity of that impact. (ƒ)
Where we err, however, is in estimating the duration of the
positive or negative feelings that such events evoke. („)
Research shows, for example, that the thrill of winning the
lottery, and the horror of acquiring a physical handicap, both
diminish more quickly than expected. (…) Indeed, after only a
few months, people who have experienced either one or the
other are barely distinguishable in terms of their overall
happiness.
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
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17 강 장문 독해(1)
114. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<17/1-2> 116. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<17/1-2>
Trish and Andrea enjoyed a good relationship as business Trish and Andrea enjoyed a good relationship as business
partners until Andrea began to feel victimized by the amount of partners until Andrea began to feel victimized by the amount
time she needed to devote to a project. ⓐOverwhelmed by the of time she needed to devote to a project. Overwhelmed by the
prospect of what (A) [laid / lay] ahead, she sent Trish an e-mail prospect of what lay ahead, she sent Trish an e-mail
ⓑdemanding a larger share of the profits. Trish was shocked demanding a larger share of the profits.
and hurt by the message and by the impersonal way it was
delivered. Rather than let herself become overwhelmed by hurt (A) Andrea felt reassured by Trish’s support and their
and disappointment, she reminded herself (B) [that / what] she interaction as they discussed possible solutions that would
and Andrea were friends and that she didn’t understand what enable Andrea to continue working on the project. The
was so troubling. Trish made an appointment to discuss the discussion ended with each feeling greater excitement about
matter leisurely with Andrea in a comfortable setting that working together and more appreciation for one another.
favored communication. (B) Trish was shocked and hurt by the message and by the
When the two met, Trish was relaxed and genuinely interested impersonal way it was delivered. Rather than let herself
in knowing why Andrea felt resentful when she ⓒhadn’t in the become overwhelmed by hurt and disappointment, she
past. Face to face, ⓓwith Trish showing genuine interest and reminded herself that she and Andrea were friends and that she
regard, Andrea relaxed and was able to tell Trish that their didn’t understand what was so troubling. Trish made an
project had become more than she could handle. Andrea appointment to discuss the matter leisurely with Andrea in a
felt reassured by Trish’s support and their interaction as comfortable setting that favored communication.
they ⓔdiscussed about possible solutions that would enable (C) When the two met, Trish was relaxed and genuinely
Andrea (C) [continue / to continue] working on the project. The interested in knowing why Andrea felt resentful when she hadn’t
discussion ended with each feeling greater excitement about in the past. Face to face, with Trish showing genuine interest
working together and more appreciation for one another. and regard, Andrea relaxed and was able to tell Trish that their
project had become more than she could handle.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
115. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?

(A) (B) (C)
① lay … that … to continue
② laid … what … to continue 117. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<17/1-2>
③ laid … that … to continue
④ laid … what … continue Trish and Andrea enjoyed a good relationship as business
⑤ lay … that … continue partners until Andrea began to feel victimized by the amount
of time she needed to devote to a project.
(A) Rather than let herself become overwhelmed by hurt and

disappointment, she reminded herself that she and Andrea
were friends and that she didn’t understand what was so
troubling.
(B) Trish made an appointment to discuss the matter leisurely
with Andrea in a comfortable setting that favored
communication.
(C) Overwhelmed by the prospect of what lay ahead, she sent
Trish an e-mail demanding a larger share of the profits. Trish
was shocked and hurt by the message and by the impersonal
way it was delivered.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
영어 카페 789
118. (A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<17/3-4> 120. (A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<17/5-6>
In children’s play, objects may support the imaginative process Do the black-uniformed teams seem meaner? The answer is
as ‘transitional objects’; these no longer have the meaning they yes. For instance, investigators found that between 1970 and
have in the real world, but are used to (A) [representing / represent] 1986, the Raiders led the NFL in the number of yards penalized.
a missing object. ___A___, children may use stones to ________, over the same period the brightly colored Miami
represent money while playing shop. The stones act as a prop Dolphins suffered the fewest penalty yards. Likewise, in the
to help them engage in the imaginative process. Initially, NHL between 1970 and 1986, the Philadelphia Flyers
transitional objects need to share many characteristics with the exceeded all other teams in the number of minutes they were
object being imagined, but, with practice, the need for physical penalized. (A) [Judging / Judge] from a simulation study the
similarity decreases. ___B___, children no longer require an researchers conducted, part of such unsportsmanlike behavior
actual object to support their imaginative play, but can pretend may be in the eye of the beholder. The same action looks
the object is there. As adults, we likewise suspend disbelief and different according to (B) [whether / what] the actor is in black
enter the rules of imaginative play when watching theatre, or in white. But a portion of this difference is also the result of
accepting (B) [however / whatever] mimed or symbolic use of a the athletes’ rising (or lowering) to the occasion. There is
prop is suggested by the actors. When older children lose something about being dressed in black that inspires a little
instinctive acceptance of imagined objects in play, teachers can extra meanness in a soul that is already pretty fierce. In line with
reaffirm the symbolic and representative role of objects through this (C) [is / are] the histories of two professional hockey teams,
the practice of imaginative exploration in drama: a cardboard the Vancouver Canucks and the Pittsburgh Penguins, that
circle, (C) [presented / presenting] convincingly, can symbolise switched from nonblack to black uniforms. The altered
a precious crown. Once children can separate objects and appearance became reflected in the penalty minutes the two
actions from their meaning in the real world, and give them new teams chalked up!
meanings, they are no longer tied to the concrete world and
start to think in an abstract way: beyond the moment and into (A) (B) (C)
possibilities. ① Judge … what … are
② Judging … whether … are
(A) (B) (C) ③ Judging … what … are
① represent … whatever … presenting ④ Judging … whether … is
② representing … however … presenting ⑤ Judge … what … is
③ represent … however … presented
④ representing … however … presented
⑤ represent … whatever … presented
① Therefore ② For example ③ In contrast
119. 다음 글의 빈칸 A, B에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
A B
① For example …… Eventually
② Therefore …… Instead
③ Likewise …… In contrast
④ However …… For example
⑤ For example …… Nevertheless
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122. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<17/7-8> 125. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<17/7-8>
My school has implemented a “character trait of the month” One day my class was working on volleyball drills. During the
activity. Teachers are to look for students who model a drill, one student throws the ball to each of the other students,
particular positive character trait. At the end of the month, who stand side by side in a line in front of the student throwing.
students who ⓐhave been nominated are called out of their
classes. They are honored, and their picture is then displayed in (A) He had a trace of a smile on his face. It was the first
a cabinet near the front office. During the “respect” month, I conversation we’d had in which he wasn’t telling me something
nominated a boy in my class ⓑwhom I’ll call Tommy. Tommy is negative about someone else in the class. Since then we’ve had
autistic; he is easily angered and often isolates (A) [him / himself] several more conversations, and he has shared personal
from the rest of the class. He rarely speaks to anyone. stories about his family life with me.
One day my class was working on volleyball drills. During the (B) One girl was having difficulty tossing the ball accurately.
drill, one student throws the ball to each of the other students, Some of her teammates began laughing at her. Tommy
who stand side by side in a line in front of the student throwing. immediately came to her defense and said, “Leave her alone;
One girl was having difficulty (B) [tossing / to toss] the ball no one is perfect.”
accurately. Some of her teammates began laughing at her. (C) I was amazed that he not only spoke out but was perceptive
Tommy immediately came ⓒto her defense and said, “Leave enough to be aware of the feelings of others. That’s why I
her alone; no one is perfect.” I was amazed that he not only nominated Tommy for the “respect” award. Two weeks later,
spoke out but was ⓓenough perceptive to be aware of the Tommy came up to me and said, “You nominated me for an
feelings of others. That’s because I nominated Tommy for the award.”
“respect” award. Two weeks later, Tommy came up to me and said,
“You nominated me for an award.” He had a trace of a smile on his ① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
face. It was the first conversation we’d had (C) [which / in which] ④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
he wasn’t telling me ⓔsomething negative about someone else
in the class. Since then we’ve had several more conversations,
and he has shared personal stories about his family life with me.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
123. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?

(A) (B) (C)
① him … tossing … in which
② himself … to toss … in which
③ himself … tossing … in which
④ himself … to toss … which
⑤ him … tossing … which
124. 윗글의 밑줄 친 를을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 바꿔 쓰시오.

↠
영어 카페 789
19 강 인물, 일화, 기담
Mel Blanc, considered by many industry experts to be the About twenty years ago, Ray Anderson, the late CEO of the
inventor of cartoon voice acting, (A) [began / beginning] his immensely successful carpet manufacturer, Interface, had ⓐwhat
career in 1927 as a voice actor for a local radio show. The he described as an epiphany. Here he was, with more money
producers did not have the funds to hire many actors, so Mel than he or his heirs would know what to do ⓑwith, when he
Blanc resorted to creating different voices and personas for the realized ⓒthat his company was poisoning the environment.
show as needed. He became a regular on The Jack Benny Carpet making is (or was) a petroleum-intensive industry and
Program, (B) [where / which] he provided voices for many Interface’s environmental footprint was huge. Anderson
characters — human, animal, and nonliving objects such as a wondered ⓓwhat good it would do to leave his grandchildren
car in need of a tune-up. The distinctive voice he created for great wealth if the price of accumulating that wealth was an
Porky Pig fueled his breakout success at Warner Bros. Soon uninhabitable planet. So Anderson resolved ⓔto transport
Blanc was closely associated with many of the studio’s biggest every aspect of Interface’s operations, moving to achieve a zero
cartoon stars as well as characters from Hanna-Barbera footprint goal by 2020. He assumed that the development of
Studios. His longest running voice-over was for the character new production processes and a commitment to pollution
Daffy Duck — about 52 years. Blanc was extremely protective control would cost money ― a lot of it. But he was willing to
of his work — screen credits reading “Voice Characterization by sacrifice the bottom line to achieve a social good.
Mel Blanc” (C) [were / was] always under the terms of his
contracts. ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
(A) (B) (C)

① beginning … which … were
② began … where … were
③ beginning … where … were
④ began … where … was
⑤ beginning … which … was
Mel Blanc, ⓐconsidered by many industry experts to be the In 1986 the British mathematician Colin Rourke and his
inventor of cartoon voice acting, began his career in 1927 as a Portuguese colleague, Eduardo Rego, announced ⓐthat they
voice actor for a local radio show. The producers did not have had proved one of the most important open conjectures. Like
the funds to hire many actors, so Mel Blanc resorted to ⓑcreate most mathematicians who think they ⓑhave proved a new
different voices and personas for the show ⓒas needed. He result, they wrote out their proof and sent it to many experts in
became a regular on The Jack Benny Program, where he the field. But Rourke did something that is not usually done —
provided voices for many characters — human, animal, and he sent out a press release before his proof ⓒhad accepted as
nonliving objects such as a car in need of a tune-up. The being correct by the mathematical community. Normally,
distinctive voice he created for Porky Pig fueled his breakout officially designated referees and other interested experts study
success at Warner Bros. Soon Blanc was closely ⓓassociated the proof ⓓto see if it is correct before it is published or
with many of the studio’s biggest cartoon stars as well as announced to the public. Rourke’s announcement received
characters from Hanna-Barbera Studios. His longest running coverage in the Manchester Guardian, the New York Times,
voice-over was for the character Daffy Duck — about 52 and Science. Several months later, Rourke held a series of
years. Blanc was extremely protective of his work — screen seminars at Berkeley, ⓔin which a serious gap in his argument
credits ⓔreading “Voice Characterization by Mel Blanc” were was uncovered, and most experts feel that there is no hope what
always under the terms of his contracts. his proof can be corrected.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
130. 윗글의 밑줄 친 what을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 바꿔 쓰시오.

↠
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131. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<19-3> 133. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<19-4>
In 1986 the British mathematician Colin Rourke and his From childhood Blake had seen visions. One of the earliest
Portuguese colleague, Eduardo Rego, announced that they stories recounted of him was that he told his parents he had
had proved one of the most important open conjectures. seen a tree full of angels.
(A) Like most mathematicians who think they have proved a (A) “But there’s no one here,” exclaimed the visitor. “But I see
new result, they wrote out their proof and sent it to many experts him, sir,” replied Blake haughtily. “There he is — his name is Lot
in the field. But Rourke did something that is not usually done — you may read of him in the Scriptures. He is sitting for his
— he sent out a press release before his proof had been portrait.”
accepted as being correct by the mathematical community. (B) This angered his father, who thought the boy was willfully
(B) Several months later, Rourke held a series of seminars at telling lies. In later years Blake habitually talked about the
Berkeley, in which a serious gap in his argument was supernatural subjects of his pictures as being actually present
uncovered, and most experts feel that there is no hope that his in his studio when he was drawing them.
proof can be corrected. (C) A visitor once surprised him hard at work on a picture of an
(C) Normally, officially designated referees and other interested invisible sitter. He looked and drew, drew and looked,
experts study the proof to see if it is correct before it is published apparently intent on capturing a likeness. “Do not disturb me,
or announced to the public. Rourke’s announcement received I have one sitting to me,” he said.
coverage in the Manchester Guardian, the New York Times,
and Science. ① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
From childhood Blake had seen visions. One of the earliest

stories ⓐrecounted of him ⓑwas that he told his parents he had
seen a tree full of angels. This angered his father, who thought
the boy was willfully telling lies. In later years Blake habitually
talked about the supernatural subjects of his pictures as ⓒbeing
actually present in his studio when he was drawing them. A
visitor once surprised him hard at work on a picture of an
invisible sitter. He looked and drew, drew and looked,
apparently ⓓintend on capturing a likeness. “Do not disturb me,
I have one ⓔsitting to me,” he said. “But there’s no one here,”
exclaimed the visitor. “But I see him, sir,” replied Blake
haughtily. “There he is — his name is Lot — you may read of him
in the Scriptures. He is sitting for his portrait.”
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
영어 카페 789
20 강 철학, 종교, 역사, 풍습, 지리
World history teachers already grasp the fact (A) [that / which] In Sufi folklore, the tales of Nasrudin are fables that teach life
they could not hope to cover the history of the world without lessons through the art of storytelling. One of our favorites is the
picking and choosing. Otherwise, they would have to devote story of Nasrudin at the bathing house. Nasrudin went to a local
perhaps 13 minutes to the history of Malaysia, 7 to Singapore, bathing house (A) [dressing / dressed] in very expensive
and 28 to Thailand — impossible! But in U.S. history, teachers garments, carrying a gold lined pouch at his side. He was
still feel a compulsion to teach 4,444 twigs rather than a much treated like royalty, and at the end of his visit, he surprised the
smaller number of trees and only a handful of forests. Sometimes attendants by giving them just one small copper coin for a tip.
they feel compelled to do so by statewide “standardized” twig tests. The next time he arrived, the workers (B) [who warned / warned]
Unfortunately, the more teachers cover, the less kids remember. one another about him, and they flipped a coin to see who would
(B) [Fragment / Fragmenting] history into unconnected “facts” have to serve the miser. Although he was cordial and polite,
practically guarantees that students will not be able to relate they were short and curt with him, anxious to see him leave as
many of these terms to their own lives. As a professor who (C) [soon / late] as possible. After a leisurely stay, he cordially
specializes in teaching first-year courses, I can guarantee that thanked the attendants and handed them a large golden coin.
by the time they enter college, most students who were taught “This, my friends,” he said, “is for the service you gave me last
U.S. history the usual way (C) [has / have] forgotten everything time. I believe that I paid you for today’s service last time!”
— except that World War I preceded World War II.
(A) (B) (C)
(A) (B) (C) ① dressed … warned … late
① which … Fragment … have ② dressing … who warned … late
② that … Fragmenting … have ③ dressed … who warned … soon
③ which … Fragmenting … have ④ dressing … who warned … soon
④ that … Fragmenting … has ⑤ dressed … warned … soon
⑤ which … Fragment … has

137. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<20-2>
World history teachers already grasp the fact that they could not
The next time he arrived, the workers warned one another
hope to cover the history of the world without picking and
about him, and they flipped a coin to see who would have to
choosing. ⓐOtherwise, they would have to devote perhaps 13
serve the miser.
minutes to the history of Malaysia, 7 to Singapore, and 28 to
Thailand — ⓑimpossible! But in U.S. history, teachers still feel
a compulsion to teach 4,444 twigs rather than a much smaller In Sufi folklore, the tales of Nasrudin are fables that teach life
number of trees and only a handful of forests. Sometimes they lessons through the art of storytelling. One of our favorites is the
feel compelled to do so by statewide “standardized” twig tests. story of Nasrudin at the bathing house. () Nasrudin went to
Unfortunately, the more teachers cover, the less kids a local bathing house dressed in very expensive garments,
remember. Fragmenting history into unconnected “facts” carrying a gold lined pouch at his side. (‚) He was treated like
practically ⓒguarantee that students will not be able to relate royalty, and at the end of his visit, he surprised the attendants
many of these terms to their own lives. As a professor who by giving them just one small copper coin for a tip. (ƒ) Although
specializes in teaching first-year courses, I can guarantee that he was cordial and polite, they were short and curt with him,
ⓓby the time they enter college, most students who were taught anxious to see him leave as soon as possible. („) After a
U.S. history the usual way have forgotten everything — except leisurely stay, he cordially thanked the attendants and handed
ⓔthat World War I preceded World War II. them a large golden coin. (…) “This, my friends,” he said, “is for
the service you gave me last time. I believe that I paid you for
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ today’s service last time!”
① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)
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138. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<20-3> 140. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<20-4>
Historically, cities were designed and ⓐdeveloped in accordance The first person who followed a morality based on reason was
with the representations of gods and kings as the sources of Socrates. Socrates said that ‘No man is voluntarily wicked’, that
spiritual and temporal power. Major landmarks, nodes and axes one is wicked (A) [thorough / through] ignorance of the good,
were developed ⓑto enhance the position of these sources of that furthermore, the good is neither pleasure nor power and
power in the daily life of the citizens. As the modern democratic that one cannot be master of anything, whatever it is, unless
societies emerged, however, the source of power shifted to a one is first master of oneself. He (B) [was used / used] to say
wider base, and now the city needed ⓒto design for people. that the good is to keep one’s soul free from all impurity, from
Rather than gods or kings, it was now the people who were the all attacks of passion. Evil is always a weakness, and virtue is
source of inspiration and legitimation for city design. The always strength, even if things appear to be quite the opposite
reference to people first only included the elite; ⓓbut under (a tyrant, and men tortured by a tyrant). A tyrant is, although he
democratic pressure it was gradually opened up to include does not know it, weaker than the person who, fully aware of
larger sections of society. The geometric design of the ancient what is happening, allows (C) [himself / him] to be killed by
or Renaissance and baroque cities, therefore, was challenged tyrants. Socrates, if we can believe Plato’s dialogues, used to
as being too rigid, merely ⓔaddressing a world order that no set forth his ideas in myths. The highest principle is clearly:
longer could hold. ‘Know yourself’, since evil is defined as self-ignorance.
①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ (A) (B) (C)

① thorough … was used … him
② through … used … him
③ thorough … used … himself
④ through … used … himself
⑤ thorough … was used … himself
139. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<20-3> 141. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<20-4>
Historically, cities were designed and developed in accordance The first person who followed a morality based on reason was
with the representations of gods and kings as the sources of Socrates. Socrates said ⓐthat ‘No man is voluntarily wicked’,
spiritual and temporal power. that one is wicked through ignorance of the good, that
furthermore, the good is neither pleasure ⓑnor power and that
(A) Major landmarks, nodes and axes were developed to one cannot be master of anything, whatever it is, unless one is
enhance the position of these sources of power in the daily life first master of oneself. He used to say that the good is to keep
of the citizens. As the modern democratic societies emerged, one’s soul free from all impurity, from all attacks of passion. Evil
however, the source of power shifted to a wider base, and now is always a weakness, and virtue is always strength, ⓒeven if
the city needed to be designed for people. things appear to be quite the opposite (a tyrant, and men
tortured by a tyrant). A tyrant is, although he does not know it,
(B) The geometric design of the ancient or Renaissance and
weaker than the person who, fully aware of ⓓwhat is
baroque cities, therefore, was challenged as being too rigid,
happening, allows himself to be killed by tyrants. Socrates, if we
merely addressing a world order that no longer could hold.
can believe Plato’s dialogues, used to ⓔsetting forth his ideas
(C) Rather than gods or kings, it was now the people who were in myths. The highest principle is clearly: ‘Know yourself’, since
the source of inspiration and legitimation for city design. The evil is defined as self-ignorance.
reference to people first only included the elite; but under
democratic pressure it was gradually opened up to include ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ
larger sections of society.
① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
영어 카페 789
정답 œ 79. ③
80. ⑤
81. ①
1. ② 82. ⓐ dealing ⓑ to lay ⓒ learned from
2. ② 83. ②
3. ③ 84. ③
4. ③ 85. ④
5. ① 86. ④
6. ④ 87. ③
7. ② 88. ③
8. ③ 89. ④
9. ⑤ 90. ②
10. either 91. ⑤
11. ① 92. ②
12. ⑤ 93. ①
13. ② 94. ⑤
14. ④ 95. ③
15. ③ 96. ②
16. (A)-③ (B)-② (C)-① 97. ⑤
17. ② 98. ③
18. ③ 99. ④
19. (A)-② (B)-③ (C)-① 100. ①
20. ⑤ 101. (A)-② (B)-① (C)-③
21. ① 102. ②
22. ④ 103. ⑤
23. ④ 104. ⑤
24. ③ 105. ④
25. ② 106. ③
26. walking / who[that] are walking 107. ③
27. ④ 108. ③
28. ③ 109. ④
29. ⑤ 110. ②
30. ② 111. ①
31. ③ 112. ④
32. ⓐ wanted ⓑ be used ⓒ are selected 113. ③
33. ④ 114. ⑤
34. ② 115. ①
35. ③ 116. ③
36. is organised 117. ④
37. ④ 118. ⑤
38. ② 119. ①
39. ⑤ 120. ②
40. ③ 121. ③
41. ④ ⑤ 122. ④
42. ② 123. ③
43. deadly 124. why
44. ③ 125. ③
45. ④ 126. ②
46. (A)-② (B)-① (C)-③ 127. ②
47. ① 128. ⑤
48. ② 129. ③
49. ⑤ 130. that
50. ④ 131. ①
51. ③ 132. ④
52. ② 133. ③
53. ③ 134. ②
54. ④ 135. ③
55. ④ 136. ⑤
56. (A)-③ (B)-② (C)-① 137. ③
57. ③ 138. ③
58. ⑤ 139. ①
59. (A)-② (B)-③ (C)-① 140. ④
60. ④ 141. ⑤
61. ②
62. ④
63. ③
64. ②
65. ④
66. ①
67. ②
68. ④
69. ③
70. ③
71. ②
72. ⑤
73. ①
74. ③
75. ⑤
76. ②
77. ⑤
78. ④
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영어 카페 789

2. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-1> 4. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-2>

(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

6. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-3> 8. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-5>

(A) (B) (C)

9. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-5> 12. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<11-6>

(A) (B) (C) (A) (B)

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

(A) (B) (C)

(A) (B) (C)

27. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<11-12>

24. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

32. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓒ 부분을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.<12-1>

30. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

38. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<12-4>

(A) In addition, by 18 months, infants begin to appreciate that

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

39. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<12-4>

Before language develops, emotions and touch are the primary

43. 윗글의 밑줄 친 die를 어법과 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.

(A) (B) (C)

52. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<13-5>

53. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

62. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<13-8>

Food growers and producers who engage in ⓐsustainable

63. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<13-8>

(A) Another sustainable practice is rotating crops ― planting

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…) ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ

(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

73. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

(A) (B) (C) ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ

(A) (B) (A) (B)

81. (A),(B),(C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<14-8>

(A) (B) (C)

82. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓒ 부분을 어법과 문맥에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.<14-8>

Honoring heroes is best done with love. It is essential that they

84. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오. <15-1>

91. 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

92. (A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<15-5>

94. 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?<15-5>

Comparison of the characteristics of different societies ⓐinvolves

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

101. 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오.<15-7>

102. (A), (B), (C)의 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?<15-8>

(A) (B) (C)

103. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 적절한 것을 고르시오.<15-8>

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

112. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?<16-4>

113. 글의 흐름상, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오.<16-4>

For example, we may correctly predict that winning a lottery

Many of our intuitive theories about the impact of events on our

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

115. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은?

(A) Rather than let herself become overwhelmed by hurt and

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…) ①ⓐ ②ⓑ ③ⓒ ④ⓓ ⑤ⓔ

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)