2. Technical Specifications

REFERENCED PRODUCT OR
MATERIALS AND BUILDING SUB SYSTEMS

MANUFACTURER
Locally produced or manufactured
− Frames
− Hardware DormaKaba or acceptable equivalent
PVC Doors and Frames

− Door panel PT Smart Techtex - S-Plus Indonesia
− Door frame Alexindo, Indalex, Alakasa

Metal Rolling Doors
− General Paramount, PT Indomatic Mandiri Sentosa, and

PT Jof Metal or acceptable equivalent
− Door curtain
− Enclosure box
Tempered Glass Door
− Type Kenari Djaja or acceptable equivalent
− Door panel
− Patch fitting and handle
− Weatherstripping
− Glass edge protection
Finish Hardware
− General
− Lockset Kend, Dekkson
Kend, Dekkson
Kend, Dekkson
Kend, Dekkson
− Handle Kend, Dekkson
− Butt hinges for doors Kend, Dekkson
Kend, Dekkson
− Hinges for windows Kend, Dekkson
− Window lock/fastener Kend, Dekkson
− Flush bolt Kend, Dekkson
− Padlock Kend, Dekkson
− Overhead closer Kend, Dekkson
− Floor closer Kend, Dekkson
− Door Stop Kend, Dekkson
− Patch fittings and accessories for glass Kend, Dekkson
door
Glass and Glazing
− Glass Asahimas, Mulia
− Tinted glass Asahimas, Mulia
− Tempered glass Magitemp by Magi, or by Maruni or by Sinar Rasa
Kencana
− Mirror Miralux by Asahimas, or Mulia
33
MANUFACTURER
− Glazing
Gypsum Board
− Gypsum Board Jayaboard, Knauf, Gyproc
− Metal frame Jayaboard, Knauf, Gyproc
− Jointing cement Jayaboard, Knauf, Gyproc
− Fasteners Jayaboard, Knauf, Gyproc
− Miscellaneous accessories Jayaboard, Knauf, Gyproc

Ceramic Tiles
− Semi-glazed ceramic tiles of non-slip type Asia Tile, Mulia
− Glazed ceramic tile Asia Tile, Mulia
− Homogenous tile Granito, Essenza, Niro Granito, Indo Grass
− Cement mortar Mixed on site

− Tile adhesive AM 30 Mortarflex, MU-422 (for ceramic tile), MU-
402 (for homogenous tile), Sikafix Tile Adhesive
− Cement grout AM 50 Coloured Ceramic Grout, MU-408, Sika

Tile Grout
Ceilings
− Gypsum panel Jayaboard, Knauf, Gyproc
− Runners Jayaboard, Knauf, Gyproc

− Calcium Silicate Board Kalsiboard
Resilient Floooring
− General Excelon SDT from Amstrong or acceptable
equivalent
− Vinyl
− Accessories
Paints
− General
− Concrete , masonry and calcium silicate Dulux, Jotun

surfaces
Dulux, Jotun
− Gypsum surfaces Décor Wall Sealer from Propan Raya or
acceptable equivalent
Decocryl Premium Emulsion Paint from Propan

Raya or acceptable equivalent
− Steel surfaces Dulux, Jotun
Dulux, Jotun
Dulux, Jotun
High Performance Coating
34
MANUFACTURER
− Steel surfaces Jotamastic 87 by Jotun
Hardtop AS by Jotun
− Concrete floor Jotafloor Sealer
Jotafloor Coating
Toilet Cubicles
− System Eterna Multi Kreasi, PT Matrikstama Andalan
Mitra or acceptable equivalent
− Panel and door
− Hardware
Louvers
− Steel blade and frame PT NS BlueScope Lysaght Indonesia
− Aluminium blade and frame
Grilles
− Screen C 0305 type of Jilumesh by PT Sukses Expamet
or PT Expanda Metal Megah or acceptable
equivalent
− Frame
Wall and Corner Guard
Lockers
− General Krisbow or acceptable equivalent
− Locker accessories
Partition
− Calcium silicate panel
− Glass panel made of tempered glass

Movable Partition Kenari Partisi KP 320
Washroom Accessories
− Liquid soap dispenser Toto, Amstad, Krisbow

− Soap holder Toto, Amstad, Krisbow
− Tissue holder Toto, Amstad, Krisbow
− Towel hook Toto, Amstad, Krisbow
− Others
Sewage Treament Plan
− Treatment tank HUB-SE model by PT Alam Hijau Semesta, or by
PT Bio Primatech
− Chambers HUB-SE model by PT Alam Hijau Semesta, or by
PT Bio Primatech
− Fixed biological contactor HUB-SE model by PT Alam Hijau Semesta, or by
PT Bio Primatech
− Manhole cover
− Pipes
Residential Equipment LG, Krisbow or acceptable equivalent
Window Treatment Toso, Hunter Douglas or acceptable equivalent
35
MANUFACTURER
Furnitures Informa or acceptable equivalent
Lightning Protection and Grounding
System
− System Erico,LPI,ABB
− Lightning spike Erico,LPI,ABB
− Down conductor
− Gounding rod Bakrie, Spindo, PPI
Security and Surveillance System
− Access control system Bosch, Honeywell, Siemens
− Door security system Bosch, Honeywell, Siemens
− CCTV system Bosch, Honeywell, Siemens
− Cable Belden or equal
Fire Alarm System
− Control panel Siemens, Simplex, Firelite
− Annunciator Siemens, Simplex, Firelite
− Smoke detector Siemens, Simplex, Firelite
− Heat detector Siemens, Simplex, Firelite
Siemens, Simplex, Firelite
Siemens, Simplex, Firelite
− Alarm bell Siemens, Simplex, Firelite
− Manual push button/break glass Siemens, Simplex, Firelite
Fire Fighting System
− Fire water piping Bakrie, Spindo, PPI
− Valves SCI product manufactured by Siam Cast Iron

Works Co. Ltd, Nibco, Weflo
− Fire extinguisher Yamato, Gunnebo
− Sprinkler head Viking Duyar , Victaulic
− Alarm Control Valve/Alarm Check Valve Victaulic, Tyco, Reliable
− Diesel pump Grundfos, Ebara by Indobara and Wilo Pump by

PT. Wiguna.
− Jokey pump Grundfos, Ebara by Indobara and Wilo Pump by

PT. Wiguna.
Plumbing System
− Water supply pipe and fittings ATP Toro, Agrusan, Fusioterm
− Sewer water pipe and fittings Pralon, Rucika, Vinilon
− Valves Kitzatawa, Yuta, Toyo

− Floor drain cover Toto or San-Ei
36
MANUFACTURER
− Clean out cover Toto or San-Ei
− Pump Grundfos, Ebara by Indobara and Wilo Pump by

PT. Wiguna.
Plumbing Fixtures
− Western closet Toto or Amstad
Toto or Amstad
− Squatting closet Toto or Amstad
− Urinal Toto or Amstad
− Lavatory basin Toto or Amstad
Toto or Amstad
Toto or Amstad
− Kitchen sink Ariston, Teka, Franke
− Shower spray Toto or Amstad
− Shower set Toto or Amstad
− Faucets/taps Toto, Amstad or San-Ei

Ventilating and Air Conditioning System
− Air conditioning system Daikin, Mitsubishi, LG

− Exhaust Fan System Air, Kruger, Nikotra
− Exhaust air duct Lockfom, Sarana, Fumira
− Fresh air duct and Supply air duct Lockfom, Sarana, Fumira
− Duct Insulation Insuflex, K-Flex, Kemflex
− Air grilles Polar, Catura, Comfort Aire
− Damper Polar, Catura, Comfort Aire
− Refrigerant pipe Mueller, Toyooda, Kembla
− Drain pipe Vinilon, Rucika, Pralon
− Pipe insulation Aeroflex or Armaflex
Diesel Generator Set

− General Caterpillar, Cummins, Perkins
− Diesel engine
− Alternator
Transformer Trafindo, Bambang Djaja, Sheneider
Medium Voltage Cubicle

− Panel Schneider, Siemes or ABB
− Power cable Voksel, Kabel Metal, Supreme, Kabelindo
Low Voltage Distribution
− Panel Prastiwahyu, Simetri, Schneider
37
MANUFACTURER
− Components Schneider, Siemes or ABB
− Power cable Voksel, Kabel Metal, Tranka, Supreme, Kabelindo

− Raceways Ega/MK or Clipsal
Stewarts & Lloyds
Nobi, Three Stars, Lion

− Cable splicing and termination 3M or Raychem
− Switches of flush mounted type Boss, Schneider or Legrand
− Socket outlets (single or twin) of 1phase of Boss, Schneider or Legrand

flush mounted type
− Socket outlet of surface-mounted type of Plexo 66 by Legrand
1phase
− Socket outlets of 3phase 16A Boss, Schneider or Legrand
Lighting
− Fluorescent tubular lamps Philips or acceptable equivalent
− Compact integrated fluorescent Philips or equal
− Exit lamps PNE, Menvier, Legrand or acceptable equivalent

Communication System
− IP PBX Siemens, Alcatel or acceptable equivalent

− Handset Siemens, Alcatel or acceptable equivalent
− Telephone outlet Boss, Schneider, Legrand
− Indoor cable Belden, AT & T,JJ-LAPP,Supreme
− Underground cable Belden, AT & T,JJ-LAPP,Supreme

− Hub Link Sys, Asus, D-Link
Computer system
− Data cable Belden, AT & T,JJ-LAPP,Supreme
Belden, AT & T,JJ-LAPP,Supreme

− Socket/receptacle Boss, Schneider, Legrand
− Hub Link Sys, Asus, D-Link
− Server Asus, CISCO

Sound System
38
MANUFACTURER
− Central public addres & Music TOA, Bosch
background
− Cables Voksel, Jembo, Yamanaka
Television System
a) Parabola Navicom, Fagor, Simaster
b) IPTV Encoder Navicom, Fagor, Simaster
c) DVBS to IPTV Navicom, Fagor, Simaster
d) Multicast Switch IPTV Navicom, Fagor, Simaster
39
4 SAFETY REGULATIONS
In order to enhance the safety in the working site, to prevent or minimize any kinds of dangers to
persons, property or otherwise, the Contractor agrees and shall cause its Operators, Persons,
officers, employees, staff and anyone who is under the supervision and/or control of the Contractor, to
abide by the policy of Owner’s group and by the occupational health and safety Laws as well as
safety regulations, including all internal regulations of Owner issued or to be issued from time to time.
Upon request of the Contractor, the Owner supply a copy of Owner’s internal regulations. In addition
to the aforementioned, the Owner hereby sets up a number of occupational health and safety
measures with which Contractor shall comply strictly, as follows:
a. The Contractor shall adhere to the Laws on safety and health, as well as the working procedures
set forth by the Owner from time to time for the purpose of working safely in the Site.
b. The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Owner the operational plan for occupational health
and safety in respect of Works.
c. The Contractor shall acquire a safety officer who is in charge of the occupational health and
safety in the Site and is responsible for matters arising in relation to or in connection with the
occupational health and safety.
d. Contractor shall, to the extent required by the nature of the Works, furnish Key Management
Personnel with Owner’s standardized safety equipments, including but not limited to, hard hats,
safety hats, safety shoes, hand gloves, respiratory masks and other protective equipments.
e. The Contractor shall furnish tools, machines and equipment with proper and safe conditions.
f. The Contractor shall arrange to have all Key Management Personnel trained to develop their
competence to fit their jobs.
g. The Contractor shall keep Key Management Personnel understand and beware of hazards and
risks associated to their work and know how to control them.
h. The Contractor shall make available the hazard warning system covering the types and conditions
of hazardous materials as well as the conditions of tools, machines, equipment, electric
appliances and places related to occupational safety and health. The warning may be made by
means of symbols, posters, light & sound signals, which are durable, easily understandable,
noticeable and in a format of the official or international standard.
i. The Contractor from time to time shall allow the Owner to inspect the safety system in the Work
Shop, and therefore the Contractor shall strictly follow the recommendations made by the Owner.
j. The Contractor shall report to the Owner on their conducts in respect of occupational health and
safety on a monthly basis. The report must cover at least the following issues:
- The result of the implementation under the safety plan;
- The statistics of accidents and details of incidents, investigations and remedies; and
- The outcomes of the solutions to the problems regarding occupational health and safety
incurred during the previous period.
k. The Contractor will be subjected to punishment from the Owner if the condition of occupational
health and safety is violated or ignored. The punishment may be done by one or more of the
following means:
- Warning letter
- Suspension of work/denial of access to the site
- Termination of the Agreement
- Blacklisting
l. The Contractor warrants that Key Management Personnel in Site shall, at all times comply with
the Owner’s safety regulations or directions/instructions of Engineer regarding safety, including at
all times to wear protective clothing, head covering, safety glasses, footwear, safety belts,
respirators, and handling of toxic-substances.
m. Any noxious, toxic or otherwise hazardous waste materials specified as such by the Owner
including lubricating oils, grease and containers of such materials shall be deposited by the
Contractor within suitable approved containers provided by the Contractor for this purpose and
shall be disposed of by the Contractor outside the Site. The Contractor shall ensure that oils,
40
grease or other hazardous materials are not spilt. In the event of spillage, the Contractor shall
remove any soil affected by spillage and make good the area to the satisfaction of the Owner.
n. The Contractor and Key Management Personnel shall not use or have in possession any and all
dangerous, hazardous articles or any illegal articles such as firearms, long knives, other tools for
hunting, including but not limited to: pistols, rifles, cross-bows, bows-and-arrow, snares, traps,
poisoned bait, liquor, drugs, psychotropic drugs, intoxicating substances and others. No alcohol
drink is allowed in the Site. Drunk driving will be dealt strictly. Use of illegal drugs will be reported
to the authorities.
o. No food, beverage or “entertainment” kiosks or warungs will be allowed or tolerated in any area
either within Site or along its haul road or within the Protected Forest.
p. The Contractor shall ensure that all tackle, tools, gear, scaffolds, staging, ladders, hoisting
arrangements, machines, explosives, electrical and mechanical appliances, and all other plant,
machinery and equipment over which he has control are kept safe in Work Shop and are
maintained in a sound condition and are safe to use and are used in a safe manner and do not
obstruct any roadways or impede the passage of vehicular or pedestrian traffic. The Site shall be
kept tidy at all times by the Contractor. All tools, equipments and materials shall be stored neatly.
q. The Contractor shall supply and at all times maintain adequate first aid kits at places reasonably
accessible to the Site. The Contractor shall have available a properly equipped rescue vehicle or
shall have arranged the services thereof. Contractor shall have personnel available on every shift
who are trained in emergency rescue. The Contractor shall have arranged for medical evacuation
services to be provided if and when needed. As a minimum, these provisions regarding first aid
will comply with the Indonesian Mine Policy Regulations. The Contractor shall notify the Owner as
soon as practicable after the event, of any accident that may result in any employee being absent
from work for a shift or shifts, following the accident. Where a lost time injury results from an
accident, the Contractor shall provide the Owner, within 24 (twenty-four) hours since the accident,
a detailed written report of the accident. Where a personal injury has been suffered or damage to
property has occurred, the Contractor shall ensure that the property is not disturbed in any way
until authorized by the Owner, except as is necessary to remove injured persons or to prevent
further damages from occurring. The Contractor shall not at any time leave any Works or partly
completed Works in an unsafe condition or in a condition which might cause personal injury or
damage to other existing Works, Plant, machinery or equipment but shall continue that Works or
partly completed Works until it is at a safe stage. Contractor shall comply with all directions of the
Owner in that regard. Such compliance shall not relieve the Contractor from liability arises
therefore.
r. The Contractor shall be liable for the protection of any existing work or work in progress
conducted by Owner or others which may directly or indirectly suffer damage from the works
being performed by the Contractor. Where overhead utility lines, underground pipes, conduits or
cables exist on or in the vicinity of the Site, the Contractor shall use every endeavor to locate the
same and to take care to protect the same from damage, but in the event of damage occurring,
the Contractor shall report it immediately to the Owner. In the event the damage to any such
lines, pipes, conduits or cable is caused by the Contractor, the Costs of such repairs and/or
replacements as may be necessary, shall be at the expense of the Contractor.
s. In the absence of the Key Management Personnel, the Owner may take such action as it
considers necessary to prevent loss of or damage to the Works or any part of the Works or to any
property or to prevent personal injury to any person. If the Owner determines that the action is of
a kind that the Contractor should have taken at its own expense if the Key Management
Personnel had not been absent, therefore all Costs incurred by the Owner shall be reimbursable
by the Contractor as an outstanding debt.
t. The Contractor and Key Management Personnel shall take prudent, reasonable measures to
protect the environment and shall comply with all environmental Laws. The Contractor shall also
comply with environmental protection measures directed by Owner. All wildlife is protected. Whilst
the area is not declared as sanctuary, it shall also be treated as such. Shooting, trapping or
camping is prohibited. Burning of slash will only be allowed when authorized by the Engineer and
approved by local authorities. No cutting down or removal of any plants in the Site is allowed
without Owner’s permission. The importation of plants, weeds, grasses, and soils into the Site
shall not be permitted. The Owner’s permission shall be required before cutting down, breaking
41
down or lopping of trees or scrub is to be undertaken to clear the Site. Only marked trees shall be
removed under the direction of the Owner and only such trees necessary for the execution of the
Works. The removal of native shrubs and plants or picking of wild flowers shall not be permitted.
Any tree removed without permission shall be charged to the Contractor, at US$1,000 per tree
and deducted from the Contractor’s next invoice for payment. No pets are permitted in the Site.
u. Key Management Personnel shall not litter any and all cans, bottles, cartons, packets, paper,
debris, rubbish, garbage and others during the Works. No litter shall be discarded in the bush and
it shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to dispose litter left by others in Site. Contractor shall
keep the Site free from all unnecessary obstruction and shall store or dispose of any surplus or
Equipment and materials and clear away and remove from the Site any wreckage, rubbish no
longer required. All waste materials (including concrete, formwork, steelwork and the like) shall be
removed from Road Hauling and deposited in an area provided by the Owner. At the end of the
Term of Agreement, the Contractor shall clear away and remove from the Site all Heavy
Equipment, surplus material and rubbish of every kind, and leave such part of the Site and Works
clean and in a workmanlike condition to the satisfaction of the Owner.
v. All fossils, minerals, coins, artifacts, articles of value or antiquity, structures and other remains or
things or items of geological and archaeological interest discovered at the Site shall be the
property of the Owner. Fossils, minerals, coins, artifacts and the like found, shall not be removed
or defaced in whatsoever manner. The location shall be marked and the Contractor or Key
Management Personnel concerned shall advise the Owner of the nature and location of the
discovery. The Contractor shall take reasonable precautions to prevent Key Management
Personnel from removing or damaging any such article or thing and shall, immediately upon
discovery thereof and before removal, acquaint the Owner of such discovery and carry out the
Owner’s instructions for dealing with the same.
w. Contractor shall guarantee that Key Management Personnel and/or its family and/or friends
thereof shall at no time engage in farming or staking or utilize in whatsoever nature any part of
lands in the Site, including but not limited to any areas at the coal haul road to the port areas and
any other areas owned by Owner. Recognized roads and footpaths shall be used for traveling
from place to place. Key Management Personnel shall not take “short cuts” through the bush. Key
Management Personnel shall not wander freely through the bush and shall always at the areas of
work. Key Management Personnel shall not trespass or enter any private property or annoy or
disturb stock.
x. Contractor shall only use the road designated by Owner for the Access Road. The Contractor
shall not use or take any short cuts whatsoever in Owner designated road, neither shall the
Contractor use/take any short cuts to location.
y. Under no circumstances is the Contractor, or Key Management Personnel, to offer any gift, of any
kind whatsoever, to any employee, agent or servant of the Owner in return for which gift favorable
treatment is anticipated or expected. Offering of such a gift is a ground for termination the
Agreement.
z. Contractor should send the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) of construction step work.
Contractor shall be liable for any and all breach of the provisions in Safety Regulations herein
caused by default, negligence, wrongful conduct of Key Management Personnel. The Contractor
shall remedy all damage, loss arises therein including but not limited to lawyer’s fees, indirect
consequential damages, expenses.
Notwithstanding with the abovementioned Safety Regulations, the Contractor shall also comply
with Contractor’s Code of Conduct as attached therein and shall form an integral part of this
Agreement.
42
5 SITE CLEARING
5.1 Description
This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing of top soil, and removing and disposing of all
vegetation and debris within the limits except such objects as are designated to remain in place or are
to be removed in accordance with other Clauses of these Specifications. This work shall also include
the preservation from injury or defacement of all vegetation and objects designated to remain.
5.2 Construction Requirements
5.2.1 General
The Engineer will establish the limits of work and designate all trees, shrubs, plants and other things
to remain. The Contractor shall all items designated to remain.
5.2.2 Clearing, Grubbing and Tree Removal
All surface objects and all trees, fallen timber, rotten wood, stumps, roots, snags, brush, other
vegetation, rubbish, and other protruding obstructions such as rubble, not designated to remain, shall
be cleared and/or grubbed, including disposal as required.
In areas under roadway embankments, from which top soil or unsuitable materials are to be removed
or which are designated to be compacted, all stumps and roots shall be removed to a depth at least
50 cm below the original ground surface and at least 30 - 50 cm below the bottom of the lowest
pavement layer.
In roadway cut areas, all stumps and roots shall be removed to a depth of not less than 50 cm below
the finished sub-grade level.
Clearing and grubbing of pits, channel changes, and ditches will be required only to the depth
necessitated by the excavation within those areas.
Voids left after removal of roots shall be filled with suitable compacted material.
5.2.3 Topsoil Stripping
In areas under roadway embankments or where designated by the Engineer, the Contractor
shall remove the topsoil and dispose of it as directed by the Engineer.
In general the removal of topsoil shall include only the removal of soil which is fertile enough to
encourage or sustain a growth of vegetation.
Removal of topsoil over any designated area shall be executed to the depth as directed by the
Engineer, and the topsoil shall be kept separate from other excavated material.
When the topsoil will be used for dressing of the slopes of the embankment or other areas as directed
by the Engineer or as indicated on the drawings, the work of topsoil stripping will be deemed to
include stockpiling the topsoil when necessary and removing there from and the placing and
spreading of the topsoil in areas designated by the Engineer. After spreading, the topsoil shall be
raked to form a smooth surface free from weeds, roots, sods and large stones.
5.2.4 Protection of Areas Designated to Remain
In areas designated by the Engineer, the Contractor will be responsible for the protection and routine
maintenance of existing shrubs, trees and grassed areas. On completion of the Works these areas
43
will be returned to the Employer in the same condition as before and any damage due directly or
indirectly to the Contractor's operations shall be made good at his own expense.
5.2.5 Disposal of Cleared Material
The Contractor shall have the right to use unsaleable timber (or saleable timber when permission is
granted in writing by the appropriate Government agency or authority) for his own purposes in
connection with the Contract always provided that he has ascertained and complied with the
requirements of the appropriate Government agency or authority.
Saleable timber shall be neatly stored in an approved accessible place within or near the right-of-way
as directed and shall be trimmed and stacked in accordance with the requirements of the appropriate
Government agency.
All other timber, except timber to be used, and all brush, stumps, roots, logs, and other refuse from
the clearing and grubbing operation shall be disposed of at locations provided by the Contractor.
The roadway and adjacent areas shall be left with a neat and finished appearance. No accumulation
of debris shall remain on or adjacent to the right-of-way.
5.2.6 Replanting of Cut Trees
Contractor to contact with Local Government of Current environment regulation on removing the
trees.
5.3 Method of Measurement
Clearing and grubbing, topsoil stripping and protection of designated areas, will together be
considered as Site Clearing, and will be paid for by the square metre. Tree removal and protection of
trees designated to remain in place will be considered as Removal of Existing Trees and will be paid
for by number. The work of Site Clearing and Tree Removal for disposal sites, material sites, imported
borrow pit sites, haul roads and all temporary construction shall not be paid for when such sites are
outside the areas designated for clearing and grubbing and the Contractor is permitted to exercise his
own option as to whether he elects to use such disposal sites or borrow pit sites. Replanted trees will
include full compensation for planting and maintaining the trees.
44
6 DEMOLITION
6.1 Description
This work shall consist of the removal, wholly or in part and satisfactory disposal of blocks of masonry
of an individual size greater than one (1) cubic metre, of all buildings, hedges, fences, structures, old
pavements, curbs, and any other obstructions which are not designated or permitted to remain,
except for the obstructions to be removed and disposed of under other items in the Contract
Documents. It shall also consist of thek salvaging of designated materials and backfilling the resulting
trenches, holes and pits.
6.2 Work Requirements
6.2.1 General
The Contractor shall perform the above work, within and adjacent to the roadway, on the right-of-way,
as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The Engineer may instruct that materials
recovered from demolition shall remain the property of the Employer unless specifically provided
otherwise in the Contract Documents. All designated saleable material shall be removed, without
unnecessary damage, in sections or pieces which may be readily transported, and shall be stored by
the Contractor at specified places on the project as directed by the Engineer. Basements or
cavities left by structure removal shall be filled with acceptable material to the level of the surrounding
ground and, if within the prism of construction, shall be compacted in accordance with the
requirements..
Performance of these works under the Contract shall include salvage of materials removed, their
custody, preservation, storage on the right-of-way or any other places as may be designated by the
Engineer or the Employer, or disposal as provided herein.
6.2.2 Removal of Bridges, Culverts, and other Structures
Bridges, culverts and other drainage structures in use by traffic shall not be removed until satisfactory
arrangements have been made to accommodate traffic.
Unless otherwise directed, the substructures of existing water structures shall be removed down to
the natural stream bottom and those parts outside of a stream shall be removed to the extent
necessary to avoid influence on new works.
Where portions of the existing structures lie wholly or in part within the limits for a new structure, they
shall be removed as necessary to accommodate the construction of the proposed structure. Where
only a section of the existing structure is to be demolished, the Contractor shall execute this work in
such a way as to avoid damage to the section designated to remain. All details of the Contractor's
proposed working method shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
Steel bridges and wood bridges, when specified by the Engineer to be salvaged, shall be carefully
dismantled without damage. Steel members shall be match marked, unless such match marking is
waived by the Engineer. All salvaged material shall be stored as requested by the Engineer.
Unless waived in writing by the Engineer, all concrete removed that is of suitable size for riprap and
not needed for such use on the Project, shall be stockpiled at locations designated by the Engineer,
for use by the Employer.
This work shall include the removal of concrete pavement, plain or reinforced, greater than average
250 mm thickness as determined by the Engineer. The sub base under the concrete pavement will be
included in the demolition.
45
6.2.3 Removal of Curbs
Existing curbs designated for removal, including their bases, shall be broken into pieces and shall be
removed and stockpiled at designated locations on the site for use of the Employer, or shall be
otherwise disposed of as directed by the Engineer.
Removal of existing curbs shall be undertaken in such a manner as to avoid damage to existing
pavements and curbs which are designated to remain.
6.2.4 Removal of Pavements, Footpaths, etc.
Irrespective of thickness, all asphalt or concrete pavements, footpaths, or other hard surfaces
designated for removal, shall be broken into pieces, and shall be removed and stockpiled at
designated locations on the Site for use of the Employer, or otherwise disposed of as directed by the
Engineer. Removal of pavement shall be carefully undertaken to avoid damage to abutting sections of
pavement or structures designated to remain.
If removal of sections of pavement, footpaths or other hard surfaces of an individual size less than 10
cubic metres or excavation of ballast, gravel or similar sub-base or base material is necessary, this
work shall be considered as Common Excavation, and shall conform to the requirements.
6.2.5 Removal of Traffic Signs
Where directed, traffic signs including steel frames shall be carefully dismantled, removed and stored
where directed by the Engineer.
Concrete foundations shall be broken into pieces removed and stockpiled at designated
locations on the site for use of the Employer or shall be otherwise disposed of as directed by the
Engineer.
6.3 Method of Measurement
The quantities to be paid for according to these Specifications or as directed by the Engineer, shall be
cubic metre or square metre or linear metre depending upon the nature of structure and
obstructions demolished acceptably within the limits as directed by the Engineer.
Demolition required for the Permanent Works will be measured for payment, while demolition for haul
roads, borrow areas and all the Temporary Works will not be measured for payment.
Concrete pavements greater than 250 mm average thickness shall be measured for payment based
on the volume of concrete removed, as determined by the average depth measured at 3 distant
locations agreed by the Engineer.
46
7 ROAD EARTHWORK
7.1 Scope
Road earthwork shall consist of all necessary work for the excavation and placing or disposal of earth
or rock or other material from or to the roadway or adjacent thereto, for construction of waterways,
ditches, lay bys and approaches, for the removal of unsuitable material, the removal of landslides, all
in accordance with the lines, grades, cross-sections shown on the Drawings or as established by the
Engineer.
7.2 General
7.2.1 Soil Information
Any information of the properties of the soil that may be shown on the Drawings or obtained by the
Contractor as a result of discussion with the Engineer shall alone not be considered as a sufficient
basis for the Contractor's Bid Prices.
The Contractor is responsible for his interpretation of information supplied by the Employer and shall
visit the Site and possible Borrow Pits prior to making his Bid and shall ascertain the nature of the soil,
its quantity, locations, and suitability to meet the specified requirements.
He shall base his Bid estimates on the Employer's soil data supplemented by his own soil
investigations.
7.2.2 Classes of the Work
This work will be divided into the following classes, which are hereinafter described in detail under
separate headings:
a. Common Excavation;
b. Borrow Material;
c. Formation of Embankment and Areas of Fill;
d. Waste;
e. Areas of Special Fill;
f. Granular Backfill;
g. Permeable Backfill.
All road earthwork shall be carried out in accordance with the Specifications for the classes as named
above, and the specifications for other work items involved, and in conformity with the lines, grades,
sections and dimensions, shown on the Drawings or required by the Engineer.
7.2.3 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
The Engineer will supply the Contractor with the locations of the Points of Intersection of
Tangents and Grade lines. The Drawings will indicate the properties of horizontal and vertical curves,
together with the rates of super-elevation where required. The Contractor shall prepare cross-
sections based upon the above properties, secure the Engineer's approval of his cross- sections and
stake out before proceeding with construction. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, any modification of
the line or grade is advisable, either before or after stake-out, the Engineer will issue detailed
instructions to the Contractor for such modifications and the Contractor shall revise the stake- out for
further approval. These requirements shall be met without additional payment and all costs thereof
shall be included in the Bid Prices for pay items under the Contract.
47
7.2.4 Quantities
The quantities of the various classes of excavation and embankment to be measured for payment
under the Contract will be based on the lines shown on the approved profiles and cross-sections or as
instructed by the Engineer. The Engineer may decide the angle of the slope of cut and fill or the
formation of benches in the slopes as the work proceeds on the basis of his evaluation of the soil
characteristics.
The cross-sections will form the basis of the earthworks calculations but they will be supplemented by
such site measurements as are necessary to accurately determine the quantity for each pay item.
The actual lines of the cut and fill as made shall be duly measured and recorded by the Contractor.
The Engineer will check these records and will approve the measurements, if correct, as a basis of
payment. Excavation and fill in excess of the approved cross-section will not be paid for.
Suitable excavated material surplus to the requirements of Clause Structure Excavation of these
Specifications, shall be considered as available for incorporation in fill areas, and should be stockpiled
if not required at the time of excavation.
Excess excavation shall be back-filled, as directed by the Engineer, with sub-base or other suitable
material without extra payment.
7.2.5 Method of Measurement
The quantities of earthwork to be paid for shall be the number of cubic metres of material measured
and computed by calculations incorporating the average end-area method, except where the error
may exceed plus or minus five percent as compared with the primordial formula, in which case the
Engineer will authorize the use of the more accurate method. However, the Contractor shall request
such authority before he submits his quantities for approval. Quantities measured on the average
end-area basis, once they have been submitted and approved, shall not be subject to review for the
purpose of applying a more accurate method.
7.2.6 Removal of Existing Obstructions
The Bid Prices for the classes of excavation shall include the cost of removal of all material,
regardless of its nature, encountered within the approved limits for excavation, including the
removal and disposal, as required by the Engineer, of sections of existing brick, stone, concrete
or masonry, rock boulders or fragments of old pavements encountered during earthwork.
Only boulders or bricks of masonry of individual size greater than 1 cubic metre, or sections of old
pavement of an individual size greater than 10 cubic metres will be paid for under the respective pay
item from Section 3 of these specifications.
7.2.7 Removal or Diversion of Water
Removal or Diversion of Water will be paid for in accordance of these Specifications and no additional
payment will be made for this work.
The Contractor shall provide necessary facilities for dewatering, and for draining or diverting water-
courses when necessary for the execution and protection of the work or where required by the
Engineer.
The Contractor shall provide such temporary or permanent drainage outlet ditches as may be
necessary to effect proper drainage before rain is to be expected. Payment will only be made for the
permanent work.
48
7.2.8 Use and Disposal of Excavated Material
All surplus suitable material excavated within the limit and scope of the project shall, unless provision
is expressly made to the contrary in these Specifications, be used in the most effective manner for the
formation of the embankment. Any material surplus to these requirements, or any material declared
in writing by the Engineer to be unsuitable, shall be disposed of by the Contractor outside the right-of-
way or as directed by the Engineer in accordance with the provisions of these Specifications, and
shall be considered as Waste, which shall be subject to the provisions.
7.2.9 Ditches
The Contractor shall construct channels, side and interception ditches, inlet and outlet ditches as
shown on the Drawings or where ordered by the Engineer, whether for temporary or permanent
drainage. In order to keep water away from the embankment, sub-grade, sub-base, and/or base
during construction, the Contractor shall at all times ensure adequate drainage is operative before
work is begun on the embankment and pavement structure. He shall clean and trim all such drainage
ditches from time to time so that there may be a free flow of water throughout the whole Construction
Period and Period of Warranty.
Damage to the work attributable to wetting through failure to provide adequate drainage will
result in an order to repair the damage at the Contractor's expense. Ditches shall first be trimmed
short of the approved cross-sections, and final trimming, including the repair of any damage that may
have been done during the construction work, shall be carried out after the completion of the
construction work and shall be a condition for final approval and acceptance.
Irrigation of areas on which earthworks are to be executed shall have been halted at least two months
in advance of the construction. All surface water shall be drained off and temporary and permanent
ditches constructed in good time to allow the area to dry out.
7.2.10 Relocation of Stream Channels
Where indicated on the Drawings or where required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall take cross-
sections of existing stream channels and, in collaboration with the Engineer, mark them with details of
the excavation required for the relocation of the stream channel. The Contractor shall also take levels
to allow the profile levels of box culverts and their extensions to be accurately fixed by the Engineer.
Work shall not proceed without approval of the marked cross-sections by the Engineer. The work of
stream-channel excavation shall be considered as Common Excavation and paid for at the Contract
unit prices for this item, subject to the provisions as required.
7.2.11 Loose Earth or Rock, Landslides, Benches, Flattening of Slopes
Loose earth or loose rock shall be removed from slopes when required by the Engineer. He
may also order the removal of material resulting from landslides, the construction of benches in or
above the cut slopes, or, where in his opinion the slope, after cutting, shows signs of instability, the
flattening of the slope.
Performance of this work under the contract is not payable directly but shall be considered as a
subsidiary obligation of the Contractor covered under the unit rate for Common Excavation or Borrow
Material.
7.2.12 Filling Existing Watercourses
Where watercourses have to be diverted from sites of embankments or other works, the original
channels shall be cleared of all vegetable growths and soft deposits and carefully filled with suitable
materials deposited and compacted as specified.
49
7.3 Common Excavation
7.3.1 Description
Common Excavation shall consist of all excavation within the limits of the right-of- way except
Structure Excavation; the removal, handling and proper utilization or disposal of all excavated
materials and shaping of excavation and preparation of exposed surface of excavation for the entire
length of the roadway and approaches, in accordance with these Specifications and the lines, levels,
grades, dimensions and cross-sections shown on the Drawings and as required by the Engineer.
7.3.2 Applicable Provisions
The applicable provisions of this Clause shall be read into and become part "Common Excavation".
7.3.3 Use of Excavated Material
Suitable material excavated under this clause shall be incorporated in the permanent works in
accordance with the requirement, or excavated material shall, if directed by the Engineer, be
considered as Waste.
7.3.4 Removal and Disposal of Unsuitable Material
When so directed in writing by the Engineer, the Contractor shall remove material unsuitable for use
in the embankment and shall dispose of it as provided.
Where the excavation reveals a combination of suitable and unsuitable materials the Contractor shall
unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the suitable
materials are excavated separately for use in the Works without contamination by the unsuitable
materials.
When unsuitable material below sub-grade level in cut or below embankment foundation level is
ordered to be removed, the soil left in place after the removal of the unsuitable material shall be
compacted, to a depth of 20 cm, to a density of 90 percent of the maximum dry density determined
according to AASHTO T 99. Payment for such compaction shall be included in the unit rate for
Common Excavation.
7.3.5 Conglomerate or Soft Rock
When the material in cut is conglomerate or soft or weathered rock, such that in the opinion of the
Engineer, it is not so firmly consolidated as to require drilling and blasting, the Contractor shall use an
excavator with suitable steel tines, or other appropriate equipment for its removal. Such work shall be
considered as Common Excavation.
The quantity to be paid for shall be the number of cubic metres of material acceptably excavated as
hereinbefore prescribed. The material shall be measured in the original position in the natural ground
after Site Clearing.
The volume of material excavated for temporary diversion roads constructed by the Contractor that
fall outside the width affected by the excavation of the road will not be measured for direct payment,
since this work is covered by the price tendered for "Maintenance and Protection of Traffic".
The measurement shall include the unavoidable over-breakage due to slides when not attributable to
carelessness of the Contractor.
50
7.4 Borrow Material
7.4.1 Description
This work shall consist of the clearing and stripping of borrow pits, the excavating and hauling
spreading and compacting of materials obtained from approved sources for constructing
embankment, sub-grade and other parts of the work as required by the Contract or by the Engineer.
7.4.2 Applicable Provisions
The applicable provisions shall be read into and become part of this Clause.
7.4.3 Materials
Borrow material shall be selected to meet the requirements and conditions of the particular fill or
embankment for which it is to be used. Materials shall be free from detrimental quantities of organic
material such as leaves, grass, roots and sewage.
Any material classified by the Unified Soil Classification System as OL, OH or Pt shall not be used.
Materials classified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM and SC shall be accepted as suitable provided
that the material is shown to be sound and has no peculiar characteristics. Materials classified as CH
or MH can be used as embankment fill, unless otherwise indicated on the Contract Drawings or
elsewhere, but not in the sub- grade unless it is possible to obtain the minimum design C.B.R. value
required when compacted as specified.
7.4.4 Use of Borrow Pits
Borrow material shall be obtained from approved private sources. Permission to open borrow pits,
including advice as to suitability, shall first be obtained in writing from the Engineer. Nevertheless, the
total amount of surplus material from excavation according to these Specifications, after deduction of
the material declared unsuitable by the Engineer, shall be considered to be available for use in the
embankment, and any borrow material resulting from the Contractor having used borrow pit in place
of surplus material shall not be measured for payment under these Specifications.
The distance of borrow pits from the work site shall not be grounds for extra payment or revision of
the Contract Price. In making his Bid the Contractor shall visit the site and form his estimate of the
haulage costs on the basis of his own survey of the possible nature and locations of the borrow pits.
Where suitable material for embankments is available adjacent to the embankment the Engineer may
order the excavation of drainage channels wider and deeper than normally required in which case
such excavation will be measured and included in cross-sections as Common Excavation.
7.4.5 Placing and Compaction
Suitable borrow material shall be incorporated in the permanent works.
The quantity of borrow material to be measured and paid for shall be the balance of the earthworks
remaining after applying to the volume of embankment the quantity of all suitable material excavated
within the site. The volume of embankment to be measured will be the net volume, after Site Clearing,
of required and accepted embankment, actually constructed and completed to the lines, grades, and
cross- sections shown on the Drawings and as directed by the Engineer. To calculate the balance of
the earthworks it shall be assumed that the shrinkage factor for all suitable material excavated within
the site is 0.90. This factor is fixed for all such material and claims on the basis of a variation to this
51
factor will be rejected. No allowance will be made for shrinkage in the borrow material between
cutting at the borrow pit and incorporation in the permanent work.
7.5 Formation of Embankment and Areas of Fill
7.5.1 Description
This work shall consist of the construction of embankment and backfill not specified elsewhere by
furnishing, placing, compacting and shaping suitable material of acceptable quality obtained from
approved sources in accordance with these Specifications, and to the lines, levels, grades,
dimensions and cross-sections shown on the Drawings and as required by the Engineer.
7.5.2 Sources and Use of Material
Material for embankment shall consist of suitable material approved by the Engineer, excavated
under any other clause of this Specification. Borrow material, however, shall only be used under the
provisions of the specification. Surplus or suitable material shall be disposed.
7.5.3 Construction
7.5.3.1 Compaction of Foundation of Embankment
When ordered by the Engineer, the Contractor shall excavate turf, decayed vegetable matter, or other
unsuitable matter to such depth as the Engineer may require. This work shall be considered as Site
Clearing or Common Excavation.
Before beginning the construction of Embankment, the Contractor shall fill all holes, etc. within all the
areas which have been cleared and grubbed, and such areas shall be suitably leveled at the level
resulting after the removal of the topsoil. Fill material shall be approved by the Engineer. This work
shall not be paid for directly, but shall be considered a subsidiary obligation of the Contractor covered
by the Contract price.
Before the construction of the embankment is begun, the Engineer may order the compaction of the
cleared surface or that resulting after removal of the topsoil, in which case the density after
compaction shall conform to the requirements.
7.5.3.2 Placing and Compaction
Material for embankment, obtained and approved as provided above, shall be placed in horizontal
layers of uniform thickness over a width determined by the Engineer and in conformity with the lines,
grades, sections, and dimensions shown on the Drawings. The layer of loose material other than rock
shall be not more than 20 cm thick, unless the compacting equipment used is capable of compacting
a depth greater than 20 cm to a uniform density through the full depth which is acceptable to the
Engineer, in which case the Contractor may place and compact the material other than rock, in layers
of thickness approved by the Engineer. After adjustment of the moisture content to that required
to obtain maximum density, the loose material shall be compacted to the required density.
a. If the material deposited as fill subsequently reaches a condition such that it cannot be compacted
in accordance with the requirements of the Contract, the Contractor shall at his own expense
either : make good by removing the material either to tip or elsewhere until it is in a suitable
physical condition for re-use and replace it with suitable material; or make good the material by
mechanical or chemical means; or cease work in the material until its physical condition is again
such that it can be compacted as described in the Contract.
b. Where embankments are located on hillsides, or where new fill is to be compacted against
existing embankments or where fill is constructed on half width at a time, the original slope of the
52
hillside, of the old or of the first half width fill, shall be cut into a distance sufficient to
accommodate the width of the compacting equipment as the new fill is placed in horizontal layers,
and this material cut shall be incorporated and compacted with the new fill.
c. In the measurement of the work no allowance will be made for the volumes of material cut from
the hillside or from the old or from the first half width fill to accommodate the compacting
equipment, but will be calculated only on the net volume of fill placed against the original hillside,
the old embankment or the first half width fill.
d. To avoid interference with the construction of bridge abutments, wing walls and box culverts, the
Contractor shall, at points to be determined by the Engineer, suspend work on embankment
forming the approaches to any such structure until such time as the construction of the latter
is sufficiently advanced to permit the completion of the approaches without the risk of interference
or damage to the bridge works. The cost of suspension of work shall be included in the Contract
unit price for "Common Excavation", and "Borrow Material".
e. Material for embankment at points inaccessible to normal compacting equipment shall be
placed in horizontal layers of loose material not more than 10 cm thick and thoroughly compacted
by the use of mechanical rammers.
f. In carrying embankments up to or over culverts and where required in the Contract up to or over
bridges, the Contractor shall bring the embankments up equally on both sides. If conditions
require placing backfill or embankment appreciably higher on one side than on the opposite side,
the additional material on the higher side shall not be placed until permission shall have been
given by the Engineer and preferably not until the structure has been in place 14 days, and tests
made by the laboratory under the supervision of the Engineer establish that the structure
has attained sufficient strength to withstand any pressure created by the methods used and
materials placed without damage or strain beyond a safe factor.
g. Where special materials for filling adjacent to structures are described in the Contract, filling may
proceed over widths less than the full width of the embankment and in steps not exceeding the
depth of one layer above the adjoining area of fill. In rock fill embankments the materials shall be
carefully packed for such distance from the structure as is described in the Contract.
h. Special care shall be taken to prevent any wedging action against the structure and all slopes
bounding or within the areas to be filled shall be benched or serrated to prevent wedge action.
The placing of embankment and the benching of slopes shall continue in such a manner that at all
times there shall be a horizontal berm of thoroughly compacted material for a distance at least
equal to the height of the abutment or wall to be backfilled against except in so far as undisturbed
material intrudes upon the areas.
i. On certain embankment lengths surcharge material will be required to induce
settlement/consolidation to the existing grade level being overlaid with embankment. This may be
common fill and / or concrete blocks and / or any acceptable alternative proposal made by the
Contractor and will be dependant on the site conditions at the time of fill operations and as agreed
with and / or directed by the Engineer.
7.5.3.3 Compaction Trials
Before starting the formation of the embankment the Contractor shall construct trial lengths for
compacting as directed by the Engineer. The soils used in the trials shall be those encountered along
the roadway and the compacting equipment shall be the same equipment that the Contractor will
use for the main work accepted by the Engineer.
The object of these trials will be to determine the optimum moisture content and the relationship
between the number of passes of compacting equipment and density obtained for the soil types
under trial.
No separate payment will be made for this work, which will be regarded as a subsidiary
obligation of the Contractor covered under the other clauses of this Specification.
7.5.3.4 Required Density
The required densities to which embankment layers shall be compacted are as follows:
53
a. Layers more than 20 cm below sub-grade level shall be compacted to 95 percent of the
maximum dry density determined according to AASHTO T 99. For all soils, except rock fill
materials, containing more than 10 percent oversize material retained on a 19.0 mm (3/4 inch)
sieve, the maximum dry density thus obtained shall be adjusted for such oversize material as
directed by the Engineer. Subsequent layers shall not be placed and compacted unless the
previous layer has been properly compacted and accepted by the Engineer.
b. Layers 20 cm or less below sub-grade level shall be compacted to 100 percent of the maximum
dry density determined according to AASHTO T 99.
7.5.3.5 Moisture Content
Embankment material that does not contain sufficient moisture to obtain the required compaction shall
be given additional moisture by means of approved sprinklers and mixing. Material containing more
than the amount of moisture necessary to obtain the required compaction may not, without approval
of the Engineer, be incorporated in the embankment until it has been sufficiently dried out. The drying
of wet material may be expedited only by methods approve by the Engineer.
The compaction of the embankment shall be carried out at the optimum moisture content. In forming
the embankment the Contractor shall take steps to ensure that the work can be drained free of rain
water, and he shall make due allowance in the height and width of the work for swelling or shrinkage.
7.5.3.6 Rock Fill
No rock fill shall be placed until after the Contractor has discussed his proposals for the work of cut
and fill with the Engineer and secured the latter's approval. In order to provide a suitable grade level,
material for covering the rock fill shall be reserved from the excavation of cut.
Should such material be available and not be so reserved by the Contractor, so that borrow material
has to be used for forming the grade level, such borrow shall be supplied and placed without extra
payment to the Contractor.
Rock fill shall be placed in loose layers not to exceed 60 cm in thickness and compacted as herein
provided. The top of this fill shall be not less than 20 cm below the required finished sub-grade, and
the interstices shall be thoroughly filled with clean small spalls, shale, gravel or similar approved
material and thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Rock in fill shall be considered as rock only when the earth or other finer material, when uniformly
distributed throughout the mass, is considerably less than sufficient to fill the voids so that the rock
particles shall be in intimate contact and not separated by earth or similar materials. Otherwise, the
fill material shall be handled and considered as earth fill to be placed and compacted as specified.
Where rock is to be incorporated in fill or portions of fill, composed largely of earth friable material, the
rock shall be reduced to a maximum size not exceeding 75 percent of the thickness of the layer being
placed. A sufficient cover of earth over rock fill shall be used to produce a uniform grade level.
7.5.3.7 Mixed Material in Fill
When materials of widely divergent characteristics, such as clay and chalk or sand, drawn from
different sources, are to be used in the embankment, they shall be deposited in alternate
layers over the full width of the embankment to depth approved by the Engineer.
When material used for fill is of variable quality, the Contractor shall schedule and execute his works
so that the material designated as better quality by the Engineer, is used in the upper layers of the fill.
Rock, clay or other material shall be broken up, and no accumulation of lumps or boulders at the toe
of the embankment will be permitted.
54
7.5.3.8 Leveling of Existing Embankment
Before fill is placed and compacted on an existing roadway, the existing embankment and/or
pavement may be leveled by cutting, rooting, or scarifying with approved mechanical means to a level
to be determined by the Engineer. The earth, old asphalt, or other material obtained as a result of this
operation will be declared by the Engineer to be either suitable or unsuitable for use in the
embankment. In the first case it shall be used in the adjacent embankment as directed by the
Engineer, subject to the provisions in "Common Excavation". In the second case the material shall
be disposed of as provided in Clause of “Waste".
7.5.3.9 Finishing Roadbed
a. Final Grade Level - When an embankment requires the addition of material to a depth of not
more than 20 cm to bring it up to the required grade level, the top of the embankment shall be
thoroughly scarified and re-compacted before the additional material is placed.
The final grade level, to the profile indicated and adjusted for super-elevation where required,
shall conform to the provisions of these Specifications, and to the tolerances given in the Special
Specifications. Prior to adding any material to raise the level of any low spots, the existing
surface shall be scarified.
b. Slopes - Side slopes shall be neatly trimmed to the lines and slopes shown on the Drawings as
directed by the Engineer, and finished work shall be left in a neat and acceptable condition.
c. Stability - The Contractor shall be responsible for the stability of all embankments and shall
replace any portions that have been damaged or displaced due, in the opinion of the Engineer, to
carelessness or neglect on the part of the Contractor, or to such natural causes as storms. The
Contractor will not be responsible for damage caused by unavoidable movements of the natural
ground upon which the embankment is made. During construction the roadway shall be kept
shaped to drain at all times. When unsuitable material has been placed in the embankment by
the Contractor, he shall remove it and replace it using suitable material, and without extra
payment.
The performance of the work above shall be covered by the Contract Prices of the appropriate pay
items under which the fill material is obtained and the work of this shall not be measured for direct
payment.
7.6 Waste
7.6.1 Description
This item shall consist of excavating, ripping, loading, hauling and spreading in waste areas, soil
material designated as waste.
7.6.2 Waste Material
Material shall be known as "Waste" in the following cases :

a. When the material resulting from the excavation made for the construction of the road is declared
in writing by the Engineer to be unsuitable for use in the embankment or other work.
b. Normally, highly organic clays and silts, peat, soil containing large amounts of roots, grass and
other vegetable matter, domestic or industrial waste, are to be unsuitable. Materials that are soft
or unsuitable merely because they are too wet or dry are not to be classified as unsuitable unless
otherwise directed by the Engineer.
55
c. When the material resulting from the excavation made for the construction of the road is surplus
to the amount required for the construction of the embankment, provided, however, it is not
material rendered surplus by reason of the Contractor having opened borrow pits solely for his
own convenience as provided in of these Specifications.
The material proposed for wasting shall not be wasted until approved or directed in writing by the
Engineer.
7.6.3 Work Requirements
Unsuitable material shall be excavated below sub-grade level in cut and below embankment
foundation level to the depth shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer. Where unsuitable
material is excavated below the normal sub-grade level or below embankment foundation or for
benching under embankments, the excavation shall be back filled.
Waste shall be removed and disposed of in waste areas provided by the Contractor in such manner
as to present a neat appearance and not to obstruct drainage to any highway nor to cause injury to
highway works or property. If it becomes necessary for the Contractor to locate or relocate any waste
areas, they shall be approved by the Engineer prior to spreading any waste.
Waste areas shall be left in a smooth, neat and drainable condition, as directed by the Engineer, and
all waste material shall be placed in such manner that adjacent property will not be damaged or
endangered.
Soil slopes shall not be steeper than 2:1, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. Performance of
this work shall not be paid for under this Clause but shall be considered as a subsidiary
obligation of the Contractor covered under the unit rates of the appropriate pay item for excavation.
7.7 Areas of Special Fill
7.7.1 Description
The work under this item shall consist of supplying and placing free-draining granular material under
water in swampy areas or filling in areas where there are deep beds of unsuitable material and full
depth removal is not possible.
The Backfill for reinforced earth wall construction will also satisfy this section of the specification, but
in addition, the backfill material will satisfy the requirements of the specialist contractor and be subject
to the approval of the Engineer. The backfill material shall not comprise pit-run river gravel, unless
screened and crushed to give a 20 mm maximum size. A granular, crushed rock based course
material, or well graded natural gravely sand, or similar material, is recommended.
Swampy areas are understood to be those areas where the embankment is to be constructed
across low ground permanently or seasonally under a level of water or subject to the action of
water that, in the opinion of the Engineer, given the topography of the area, cannot be drained
and dried out with the methods envisaged in these Specifications.
7.7.2 Construction
Before carrying out the work described in this clause, all work shall be completed to the satisfaction of
the Engineer.
The filling shall be executed to a height not less than 50 cm above existing ground level or not less
than 50 cm above the water level at that time, with material coming from common excavation,
borrow material or free-draining material as specified below.
56
Free draining material :
The maximum size of free-draining material shall be 40 mm and the grading shall be in accordance
with the following table :
Sieve Designation Percentage Passing by Weight
9.5 mm Up to 100
4.75 mm Not more than 85
The material used shall be approved beforehand by the Engineer.

The selected material shall be placed in conformity with the elevation and cross- sections shown on
the Drawings or directed by the Engineer, and in any case in such a way that :
a. After compaction and profiling, it is not less than 50 cm above the water level at that time.
b. A support grade is formed for the construction, if required, of an embankment in accordance with
up to the elevation of the sub-grade.
For this purpose, the selected material shall be placed according to the profiles shown on the
Drawings or ordered by the Engineer, with suitable equipment and if necessary by dumping
successive loads in a uniformly distributed layer of a thickness not greater than necessary to support
the hauling equipment while placing subsequent layers. Material placed outside the profiles indicated
will be not measured for payment.
Compaction shall begin on the material in accordance with the Engineer's instructions and shall be
executed with suitable equipment. Losses of elevation due to settling of the embankment shall be
compensated, either by laying the loose material up to elevations higher than those indicated, or by
adding other material during compaction.
Compaction shall continue until the Engineer has ascertained that settlement of the top grade has
ceased and that it no longer shows deformation under rollers or site equipment.
On completion of the work as described in this Clause, filling shall continue.
The material placed and compacted under this clause will be calculated in cubic metres measured in
the trucks before unloading. For each truckload of material supplied at the place of loading, the
Contractor shall deliver to the Engineer or his representative present at the unloading a numbered
note, duly signed by both parties, showing the registration number of the truck and the volume
of the material transported in it.
Each day details of each note with the registration number of the truck and the load transported shall
be entered in a special register kept by the Engineer. The material supplied will be measured after it
has been leveled in the truck body according to a horizontal plane parallel to the edges of the sides of
the truck; no other method of measurement will be allowed.
7.8 Granular Backfill
7.8.1 Description
This item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compacting granular backfill adjacent to structures.
The area in which this material is to be placed is the "Influence Zone" of certain structures and this
will be shown on the Drawings.
57
7.8.2 Material
The material shall be well graded crushed or uncrushed gravel, stone, rock fill or natural sand or a
well mixed combination of any of these. Grading requirements for the material are as follows :
Maximum size 10 cm
Passing 4.75 mm sieve 25% to 90%
Passing 0.075 mm sieve 0% to 10% Plasticity Index 10 max.
7.8.3 Construction
The granular backfill shall be placed in layers not exceeding 15 cm and compacted to a density of 95%
of the maximum dry density determined according to AASHTO T180.
The quantity of granular backfill to be measured and paid for, will be the number of cubic metres of
suitable material supplied and compacted to the Engineer's satisfaction and in accordance with this
Specification. This material is required to be placed when filling within the influence zone of certain
structures and any material placed outside the specified zone will not be measured for payment.
Any existing material within the influence zone which is removed because of the Contractor's method
of working must be replaced by granular backfill at the Contractor's expense. Where excavation within
the influence zone is instructed under any Clause of these Specifications, then the backfilling will be
carried out with granular backfill and the work will be measured for payment under this clause.
7.9 Permeable Backfill
7.9.1 Description
This work shall consist of supplying and installing selected backfill material adjacent to structures in
accordance with these Specifications and in locations as shown on the Drawings or instructed by the
Engineer.
7.9.2 Material
Material shall be hard, clean, crushed rock or gravel complying with the following grading.
Sieve Size % Passing by Weight
63 mm 100
37.5 mm 85 - 100
19 mm 0 - 20
9.5 mm 0-5
7.9.3 Construction
The method of construction will be at the discretion of the Contractor, but details must be submitted
for the Engineer's approval before commencement of the work. All details of the permeable backfill
shall be as shown on the Drawings and the degree of compaction shall be as instructed by the
Engineer.
58
Unless this material is specified as included in another pay item, the quantity of permeable backfill to
be measured and paid for will be the number of cubic metres of suitable material supplied, placed and
compacted in accordance with the details shown on the Drawings. Any material placed beyond the
dimensions shown on the Drawings will not be measured for payment.
7.10 Vertical and Horizontal Sand Drains
7.10.1 Description
This work shall consist of the installation of a system of vertical and horizontal sand drains in areas of
soft ground as shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer. The work shall be carried out in
close conformity with the requirements which will be established by the Engineer after the carrying
out of the necessary subsoil investigations by the Contractor.
The work will include installation of vertical sand piles at the spacing and to the depth required, and
placing of a sand blanket over the area intended to be drained.
7.10.2 Materials
Sand to be used for the sand drains shall be coarse sand of high permeability and shall conform to
the following requirements :
ASTM Standard Sieve (mm) Percentage Passing by Weight
25.0 100
9.5 90 - 100
4.75 70 - 100
2.00 35 - 90
0.850 12 - 70
0.425 4 - 40
0.180 2-8
0.075 0-3
All materials shall be free from lumps of dirt, organic matter or any other deleterious matter.
7.10.3 Construction
Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, the method of construction shall be as given below:
Drains will be installed by driving a pipe with a closed valve at its lower end, using pile-driving
equipment. When it has penetrated to the required depth, the inside of the pipe is filled with dry
coarse sand and the valve at the bottom of the pipe opened. The upper end of the pipe is closed, and
compressed air applied inside of the pipe to raise the pipe out of the ground, simultaneously expelling
the sand out of the bottom of the pipe. On completion of all vertical drains to the spacing instructed
by the Engineer, a horizontal layer of suitable coarse sand shall be spread over the area to the depth
instructed by the Engineer.
Surface settlement plates shall be installed on a 10 cm thick level sand base in such a way that the
top of the base plate is horizontal. Before placing any embankment material the Engineer will inspect
the completed installation and take initial elevations on the top of the base plate and the top of the
pipe. A 30 cm thick layer of sand shall be placed on the settlement plate base to eliminate bedding
59
errors. As embankment construction advances the pipes shall be extended as shown on the
Drawings.
The work shall also include the installation and maintenance of other settlement monitoring and
measuring devices as required by the Engineer.
During settlement of sand drains an additional 1 m width of sand 1 m deep may be instructed by the
Engineer to be placed at the toe of the sand embankment to be later
Vertical sand drains will be measured by the linear metre for the diameter as given in the Pay Item
Name.
The quantity of horizontal sand drain will be measured by cubic metres as one pay item, irrespective
of the depth of sand instructed by the Engineer.
The work of installing and maintaining the settlement monitoring devices will not be measured directly
for payment but will be deemed to be included in the Contract unit price for the vertical sand drains.
Any work on boring, sampling and testing will be measured and paid for under the General
Specifications but any special laboratory testing required will be the Contractors responsibility and
any additional costs will be deemed to be included in the Contract unit price for the vertical sand
drains.
7.11 Vertical Fibre Drains
7.11.1 Description
a. This work shall consist of the installation of a system of vertical fibre drains and horizontal sand
drains so as to accelerate settlement and improve the subsoil in areas of soft ground as
shown on the drawings or directed by the Engineer.
Prior to the commencement of the work, subsoil investigations as directed by the Engineer shall
be carried out by the Contractor, and the Contractor shall submit his proposal for the vertical drain
system including a complete description of the fibre drain type, calculations and work method,
which shall demonstrate the capability of the drain to meet the requirements stated hereinafter.
The proposal shall be based on the subsoil data available during the tender stage and on the
results of the soil investigation required under the Contract. The proposal shall be approved
by the Engineer before commencement of the work.
The work shall be carried out in close conformity with the requirements which will be established
by the Engineer.
b. The sand blanket shall be laid to initially provide a base for equipment and to later form the
horizontal sand drain.
c. If required by the Engineer a geotextile sheet shall be placed as a separator, with or without the
vertical fibre drain.
7.11.2 Materials
7.11.2.1 Sand
Sand to be used for the horizontal sand drain shall be coarse sand of high permeability and shall
conform to the requirements. Samples and sieve test results of sand shall be submitted by the
Contractor to the Engineer for approval.
60
7.11.2.2 Fibre Drain
The drain shall consist of a continuous band-shaped core enclosed in a filter jacket. The core shall
form a three dimensional open labyrinth structure. The filter jacket shall be a non-woven polyester
fabric or similar with effective opening size and minimum filter velocity as proposed by the Contractor
and approved by the Engineer.
The drain shall have a minimum water discharge capacity of 40 x 10-6 m3/sec after being
compressed under 350 kN/m2 for four weeks, and sufficient strength-elongation characteristic to
withstand the installation operation and due forces, or as directed by the Engineer.
7.11.2.3 Geotextile Sheet
The geotextile sheet shall be UV-stabilized and made of synthetic polymers, composed at least 95%
by mass of polyolefin or polyesters, with the following particulars:
Item Standard test Unit Value

Chemical resistance ASTM D 4632 N 800/500
No influence at PH range 2-13
Grab Strength (md/mc) Grab Elongation Ditto %N 75/40
Rod Puncture Strength ASTM D 4833 mm 300/180
Apparent Opening size ASTM D 4751 s-1 0.60
Permittivity ASTM D 4491 % 0.02
Ultraviolet stability ASTM D 4355 50 after 500hrs
of exposure
7.11.3 Construction
7.11.3.1 Installation
Drains shall be installed with approved equipment to the specified depth in the spacing and
arrangement as shown on the plans or as otherwise directed by Engineer.
(i) Installation Equipment

The drains installation equipment shall be the type which will cause a minimum disturbance to the
subsoil during the installation operation. Constant load or constant rate of advanced method or the so-
called 'static' method are preferred. Vibrator, falling weight impact hammers, and jetting will not be
allowed unless otherwise approved by the Engineer and restricted only for assistance in penetration
in areas where the design depths cannot be achieved by static method.
The drains shall be installed using a mandrel or steel sleeve that will be advanced through the soil to
the required depth. The mandrel shall protect the drain material from tears, cuts and abrasions during
installation and shall be withdrawn after installation of the drain. The mandrel shall be rectangular or
rhombic in shape and of maximum cross sectional area not to exceed 110 cm2.
(ii) Installation Requirements

Prior to the installation, the Contractor shall submit details of the sequence and method of
installation to the Engineer for review and approval.
The equipment shall be carefully checked for verticality prior to advancing of each drain. Drains that
are out of their proper location by more than 150 mm, drains that are damaged in construction, and
drains that are improperly completed shall not be accepted, and no compensation will be allowed for
any materials furnished or for any works performed on such drains.
61
During installation of the drains, the Contractor shall provide suitable means for determining the
depth of the drain at any given time. Joins or connections in the drain material shall be made in an
approved workmanlike manner so as to insure continuity of the material. Minimum length of overlap in
the join shall be 300 mm. The drain material shall be cut neatly at its upper end and there shall be a
200 mm top cutting tip length of drain material protruding above the working ground at each
installation.
(ii) Quality Control

The Contractor shall keep an accurate record of each drain driven, including location, date, starting
and finishing time, installation number, grid coordinate and length of the drain being driven.
Information regarding penetration of any harder layer which requires other type of equipment rather
than the static type, together with the installation number, etc., shall also be recorded.
The record shall also include all joins required for drain make-up and length of each drain segment.
7.11.3.2 Geotextile Sheet
(i) Installation
Geotextiles shall be installed at the specified location in the arrangement as shown on the plans or as
otherwise directed by Engineer.
The ground surface where the geotextiles will be laid shall be cleared from all sharp objects such as
tree stumps, stones, etc., that could cause puncture or tear to the fabrics.
The ground surface shall be flat and level. Unevenness of the ground surface shall not be more than
10 cm and inclination across the road shall not be more than 5%. Jointing of geotextile shall be by a
double seam, each at the distance of 50 mm and 100 mm from the edges of jointed sheets.
The fill placement after the installation of geotextile shall be in such a way so that the fabrics will not
be partially over-stretched. The fill shall be well distributed in a layer not thicker than 50 cm, and the
distribution of fill shall be carried out in one direction without any alteration, started from one point.
Details description of the soil improvement with geotextiles for rigid pavement and drainage facility are
given in the special specification.
7.11.3.3 Quality Control
The Contractor shall keep an accurate record of each sheet of geotextile installed, including location,
date, starting and finishing time, and size of the geotextile being installed. The record shall also
include all the joins of the geotextile sheets, whether across or along the road axis.
7.11.3.4 General Requirements
If directed by the Engineer a temporary earth dike will be formed around the work area to protect the
drains, filling materials and other related works from water.
Surface settlement plates with vertical rods shall be installed on a 10 cm thick level sand base in such
a way that the top of the base plate is horizontal. Before placing any embankment material the
Engineer will inspect the completed installation and take initial elevations on the top of the base plate
and the top of the rod. A 30 cm thick layer of sand shall be placed on the settlement plate base to
eliminate bedding errors. As embankment construction advances the rods shall be extended as
necessary.
The work shall also include the installation and maintenance of other settlement monitoring and
measuring devices as required by the Engineer.
62
During settlement an additional 1 m width of sand 1 m deep may be instructed by the Engineer to be
placed at the toe of the sand embankment to be later removed after settlement is complete.
Vertical fibre drains will be measured by the linear metre for the size as given in the Pay Item.
Measurement will not be made for joints.
The quantity of horizontal sand drain will be measured by cubic metres as one pay item, irrespective
of the depth of sand instructed by the Engineer.
Geotextile sheet shall be measured by square metres for area covered. Measurement will not be
made for joints.
The work of installing and maintaining the settlement monitoring devices will not be measured directly
for payment but will be deemed to be included in the Contract unit price for the vertical fibre drains.
Any work on boring, sampling and testing will be measured defined on these Specifications but any
special laboratory testing required will be the Contractors responsibility and any additional costs
will be deemed to be included in the Contract unit price for the vertical drains.
7.11.5 Basis of Payment
The quantities, determined as provided above, shall be paid for at the Contract unit price per square
metre for the pay items as listed below. The prices and payment shall be full compensation for all
costs including hauling materials, placing vertical fibre drains, horizontal sand blanket, wooden piles
and geotextile separator, placing temporary dike if directed, and for all materials, labor, tools,
equipment and incidentals necessary to complete the works as described in this Clause.
7.12 Geosynthetics
7.12.1 Description
1. This specification is a specification for Woven Geotextile materials for Embankment Reinforcement
on Soft Soils. A soft soil is defined as a normally consolidated or slightly over consolidated soil,
usually a clay or silty clay with a CBR of less than 2.5% and an undrained shear strength of less
than 7.5 kPa and generally a plasticity index of more than 25.
2. This specification provides the minimum physical, mechanical and durability values that must be
met or exceeded by the geotextile to be used.
3. The requirements for the tensile strength of geotextiles in this specification are based on the
survivability of the geotextile against stresses that occur during installation and to increase the
stability of embankments on soft soils.
7.12.2 Materials
Woven geotextiles must meet the minimum property requirements. Geotextile for embankment
reinforcement on soft soil must meet the requirements as stated in the table below.The thread used
must be high tenacity polypropylene, polyester or Kevlar thread. Nylon thread is not allowed. All
values in the table below except the geotextile pore size indicate the minimum average roll value. The
value of the geotextile pore size shows the maximum average roll value.
Goetesynthetic consists of geotextile and geogrid. The use of geotextiles uses geotextile woven hight
strength of 150 kN/m and 300 kN/m. such as geotextile type manufactured by Maccaferri or
Geosindo acceptable equivalent
63
Geotextile 300 kN/m
MacTex W2 30.05 (Geotextile 300 kN/m)
 Tensile strength @2% strain: 48.1 kN/m
 Tensile strength @5% strain: 140 kN/m
 Long Term Design Strength (LTDS) 120 years: 172 kN/m
Geotextile 150 kN/m

MacTex W2 15.05 (Geotextile 150 kN/m)
 Long Term Design Strength (LTDS) 120 years: 85 kN/m
7.12.2.1 Standar and Code
Indoneian Nasional Standard (SNI)

1. SNI 0264:2015 : Tekstil - Cara uji identifikasi serat pada bahan tekstil SNI 1966:2008 : Cara uji
penentuan batas plastis dan indeks plastisitas tanah.
2. SNI 1742:2008 : Cara uji kepadatan ringan untuk tanah.
3. SNI 3423:2008 : Cara uji analisis ukuran butir tanah.
4. SNI 4417:2017 : Metode uji beban putus dan mulur geotekstil dengan cara cekau (grab) (ASTM D
4632/4632M-15a, MOD).
5. SNI 08-4418-1997 : Cara uji ukuran pori-pori geotekstil.
6. SNI 08-4419-1997 : Cara pengambilan contoh geotekstil untuk pengujian.
7. SNI 08-4644-1998 : Cara uji kekuatan sobek geotekstil cara trapesium.
8. SNI 08-6511-2001 : Daya tembus air pada geotekstil - Cara uji
AASHTO :
1. AASHTO M288-15 : Geotextile Spesifïcation for Highway Applications.
2. ASTM : ASTM D123-17 : Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles.
3. ASTM D4355/D4355M-14 (2018) : Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextilês from Exposure to
Ultraviolet Light and Water (Xénon Arc Type Apparatus)
4. ASTM D4439-18 : Terminology for Geosynthetics
5. ASTM D4354-12 : Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control
Products (RECPs) for Testing.
6. ASTM D4759-11(2018) : Practice for Determining the Spécification Conformance of
Geosynthetics.
7. ASTM D4873/D4873M-17 : Standard Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of
Geosynthetic Rolls and Samples. A
8. STM D5261-10 : Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles
7.12.3 Construction
7.12.3.1 General
After geotextile deployment, the geotextile should not be exposed to the elements of the atmosphere
for more than 7 days to reduce the potential for damage.
7.12.3.2 Join
1. All joints must be sewn together, the thread used must be high tenacity polypropylene, polyester or
Kevlar thread. Nylon thread should not be used. The threads should have a color that contrasts
with the color of the geotextile being joined, to facilitate inspection.
64
2. The Contractor shall provide at least 2.0 m of seam length to be tested by the Construction
Supervisor before the geotextile is installed.
a. The test sample of the seam joint taken shall be sewn using the same tools and procedures as
those to be used in the execution of the connection in the actual work.
b. The connection type consists of SSn-2 type J connection, SS a-2 type flat connection or SSd -
2 type butterfly connection, as follows:
i. The SSn-2 type J joint
The SSn-2 type J joint consists of two parallel rows of sutures that The minimum seam
allowed is 25 mm (i.e. the minimum distance from the edge of the geotextile to the seam
line closest to the edge) The seam must be of the locked seam type
ii. The SS Type a-2 Flat Type Joint
SS Type a-2 Flat Type Joint consists of two rows of parallel stitches. The minimum
allowable seam is 40 mm (i.e. the minimum distance from the edge of the geotextile to
the seam line closest to the edge). The minimum seam allowance for other types of joints
is 25 mm.
iii. The SSd-2 Butterfly Join
The SSd-2 Butterfly Joint consists of two parallel rows of seams, the minimum seam
allowed is 25 mm (i.e. the minimum distance from the edge of the geotextile to the seam
line closest to the edge). The seam must be a locked seam type.
c. The Service Provider must provide an explanation regarding the connection procedure
together with a test sample of the connection. The description includes the type of seam, type
of seam, sewing thread, seam density and sewing tool.
3. The longitudinal direction must not be connected
Geotextile Join
Figure 7-1. Joint Types
7.12.3.3 Site Preparation
The geotextile installation site must be leveled by cleaning, trimming and digging or backfilling to the
design elevation. This work includes removing topsoil and trimming weeds. The Service Provider can
make a working floor with a maximum thickness of 0.6 m in addition to leveling the original ground
surface (adjusted Drawing). Floor work is needed if the base/roots of trees or other objects cannot be
moved without excessively damaging the subgrade. All tree bases/roots shall be removed and
covered with at least 150 mm of fill before applying the first layer of geotextile.
65
7.12.3.4 Installation of Geotextile and Overlay
1. The geotextile shall be laid loosely without excessive wrinkling or creases. The geotextile shall
be laid in the machine direction perpendicular to the pile axis as shown in Fig.
2. Before laying the embankment, check and repair the geotextile if there are defects (holes, tears
or tears). Defective geotextiles must be repaired by the Service Provider at no cost to the Work
Supervisor in the following ways:
a. Larger defects are repaired by cutting along the length of the panel and sewing on the new
panel;
b. Defects that are smaller than the items above are repaired by overlapping, then sewing
them back.
c. Defects measuring less than 15 cm (small holes) are repaired through overlapping fillings
with a minimum width of 100 cm in all directions from the damaged area.
3. Under no circumstances should the geotextile be dragged through mud or over sharp objects
that may damage the geotextile. Backfill layers shall be placed over the geotextile in such a way
that a layer of at least 500 mm thick exists between the geotextile and the wheels or track of the
tool, during the service life. The dimensions and weight of the machine shall be limited as agreed
by the Engineer to avoid excessive stretching of the geotextile. Machines are not allowed to turn
on the first embankment stretch above the geotextile. Compaction of the first layer of fill on top of
the geotextile shall be limited to the soil spreader only. Soil spreaders must not come into direct
contact with geotextiles
4. Earth mounds or other methods recommended by the manufacturer shall be used to hold the
geotextile in place until the backfill material has been placed.
5. If subgrade pumping, intrusion or distortion of the road body occurs, the fill around the damaged
or deformed area must be dismantled and the damaged area must be repaired by the Service
Provider without additional payment. The repair shall include a geotextile patch of the same type
placed over the damaged area.
6. Embankment construction must be carried out symmetrically during the construction period to
prevent local bearing capacity collapse under embankment, lateral shear or embankment slip.
Any material backfilled on top of the geotextile must be spread immediately
7. 7Vibrating compactor or sheep foot rollers shall not be used to compact embankments until at
least 0.5 m of embankment has covered the lowest geotextile layer and until at least 0.3 m of
embankment has covered the next geotextile layer.
8. The geotextile shall be pre-drawn prior to deployment using Method 1 or Method 2 described in
the annex to this specification. The choice of the method depends on whether or not mud waves
are formed during the first or second layering of the pile. If mud waves occur when the
embankment is pushed against the first layer of geotextile, then Method 1 shall be used. Method
1 should be continued until the mud wave begins to dissipate as the pile is spread. When mud
waves do not form, Method 2 can be used until the top geotextile layer is covered by a minimum
embankment of 0.3 m thickness. This special construction method is not required for backfill
vacuums above this level. If a mud wave does not form when the embankment is pushed over
the first layer of geotextile, then Method 2 shall be used initially until the top layer of the
geotextile is covered with a minimum compaction of 0.3 m thick.
9. Embankment Method
a. Method 1
After fabrication of the floor work (if required), the first layer of geotextile is laid in the
direction of the backfill and sewn together. The geotextile is stretched manually to ensure
that no wrinkles form in the geotextile. Spreading of the embankment shall be by end
dumping and spread from the edge of the geotextile.
The first overlay shall be placed along the outer edge of the geotextile, to contain the
mud wave and provide the necessary access road to place the embankment in the
center of the embankment. The width of this access road should be around 5 m. The
access road at the end of the geotextile must have a minimum installed height of 0.6 m.
66
Once the access road has reached a length of 15 m, backfill for the access road must
continue before filling the middle section. The length of this access road shall be
maintained 15 m in front of the center embankment as shown in Fig. By keeping the mud
wave in front of the embankment and by preventing the movement of the edges of the
geotextile, the geotextile is stretched effectively.
The geotextile must be laid no more than 6 m in front of the access road to prevent
excessive tension in the geotextile seams. Method 1 is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
Figure 7-2. Implementation Stage Method 1
Implementation Stage:
A. After the construction of the work floor (if needed), the first layer of geotextile is
laid in the direction of the backfill and sewn together. Backfill the ends of the
access road (mounds) and keep the geotextile from folding;
B. Backfill at the bottom center to cover all geotextiles;
C. Fill in the inner center to maintain tensile strength of the geotextile;
D. Perform final backfill on the outer center.
Figure 7-3. Implementation Method 1
b. Method 2
After laying the worktop (if required), the first layer of geotextile is laid in the cross section of
the fill and sewn together as in Method 1. Lay the backfill symmetrically, from the center to
the outside in a U shape (curving inwards) as shown in the overlay top view in Figure 3.
Use these overlays to maintain tensile strength in the geotextile. Geotextiles must be pulled
manually before placing backfill. Embankment construction shall be continued in this manner
for subsequent overlays until the top geotextile layer has been covered by a 0.3 m thick
compacted embankment.
67
Figure 7-4. Implementation Method 2
1. Geotextiles must be measured based on the number of square meters calculated from the
boundary line shown on the Drawing or from the boundary line determined in writing by the Work
Supervisor. This measurement does not include payments for repairs of damaged geotextiles
2. Preparation of subgrade, excavation and backfilling, bedding and backfill materials are separate
items of payment in accordance with their respective Sections.
Geotextile quantities measured as described above must be paid for per unit of measurement of each
price entered in the quantity list and prices for the items of payment listed below. This price is full
compensation for procurement, delivery, installation, finishing, finishing, quality control, material testing,
all other costs required or costs for proper completion of the work described in this Section.
7.13 Gabion Coating HDPE
7.13.1 General
This work shall include furnishing both gabion, non-grouted rip rap, and grouted rip rap on an approved
base according to the details shown. in the Drawings and comply with these Specifications.
Installation shall be carried out on riverbanks, embankment slopes, excavation slopes and other
surfaces composed of easily eroded materials where protection against erosion is desired.
7.13.2 Materials
7.13.2.1 Gabion Wire
Must comply with one of the following SNIs: SNI 03-6154-1999, SNI 03-0090-1999, or SNI 03-3046-
1992.
68
1. The characteristics of gabion wire are:
Edge reinforcement, diameter ▪ : min. 3.4mm
Network, diameter ▪ : min. 2.7mm
Fastener, diameter ▪ : min. 2.0mm
Tensile Strength : 50 kN/m
Diameter elongation : 10% (minimum)
Webbing : Webbing shall be evenly hexagonal in shape woven with three windings with holes
approx. 80 mm x 100 mm made so as not to fall apart and designed to obtain the required
flexibility and strength. The perimeter of the wire mesh must be tied to the gabion frame so that
the joints attached to the frame must be as strong as the web.
2. Use galvanized minimum 245 g/m2
3. The basket shall be a single unit and supplied with the dimensions required in the Drawings or as
directed by the Engineer and made so that it can be delivered to the site before being filled with
stones.
4. The type of wire coating on the gabions used must be in accordance with what is shown in the
Drawings taking into account the environmental conditions and the design age.
5. In order to resist displacement of the local soil without clogging in the long term, a filter type
geoticstile according to the provisions of Section 3.5 of this Specification shall be used.
such as gabion wire type manufactured by Maccaferri or Geosindo acceptable equivalent.
7.13.2.2 Stone
Stones for masonry blanks and gabions must consist of hard and durable stones with the following
properties:
a) Aggregate wear with Los Angeles engines should be less than 40%.
b) Dry specific gravity greater than 2.3.
c) Water Absorption not greater than 4%.
The constancy of the shape of the aggregate to sodium sulphate or magnesium sulphate in the 5-
cycle test shall be less than 12% or 18%, respectively.
7.13.2.3 Base
The Base must be made of porous drainage material with the gradation chosen so that the foundation
soil cannot wash away through the base material and also the base material does not float past the
empty masonry or gabions.
7.13.2.4 Grout
The filler mortar mix for the given empty masonry must be a cement mortar mix with strength.
Indonesian Nasional Standard

1. SNI 03-0090-1999 : Bronjong kawat
2. SNI 2417:2008 : Cara Uji Keausan Agregat Dengan Mesin Abrasi Los Angeles.
3. SNI 03-3046-1992 : Kawat bronjong dan bronjong berlapis PVC (Polivinil chlorida) : :
4. SNI 03-6154-1999 : Kawat bronjong
5. SNI 07-6443-2000 : Metode pengujian untuk menentukan daerah lapisan seng paling tipis
dengan cara preece pada besi atau baja yang digalvanis.
6. AASHTO :
− ASTM B117-16 ▪ : Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
69
7.13.3 Construction
7.13.3.1 Preparation
Excavation includes the heel lock required for masonry blanks and gabions. The foundation shall be
installed as described above of these Specifications. All prepared surfaces shall be approved by the
Engineer prior to placing the masonry blanks or gabions.
7.13.3.2 Gabion Placement
1. Gabion baskets must be stretched firmly to obtain the correct shape and position by means of pull
rods or small pulling threads before filling the stone into the gabion wire. The joints between the
baskets must be as strong as the webbing itself. Each hexagon must accept at least two turns of
wire ties and the gabion frames between the edge hexagons of at least one coil. At least 15 cm of
tie wire must be left after the last tie and bent into the basket.
2. Stones should be inserted one at a time so as to obtain maximum density and minimum voids.
When each gabion is filled to half of its height, two horizontal stiffeners from face to back shall be
installed. The next basket is filled a little excessively so that settlement occurs. The outside of the
stone facing the wire must have a flat surface and rest on the webbing.
3. After filling, the edge of the cap shall be stretched with a pulling rod or pulling thread on its top
surface and secured.
4. Where baskets are mounted one on top of the other, the vertical joints must be alternated.
7.13.3.3 Placement of Empty Stone Pairs
Unless placed to form a flat apron, bare masonry shall begin by placing the first layer of the largest
stone in the trench at the heel of the slope. Stones must be placed with a crane or by hand according
to the required length, thickness and depth. Furthermore, stones must be placed on the slope so that
the largest dimension is perpendicular to the surface of the slope, otherwise such dimensions will be
greater than the required wall thickness. Forming of the stones is not necessary where the stones are
angled, but installation must ensure that the structure is as compact as possible and the largest
stones are below the highest water level. Larger stones should also be placed on the outside of the
finished bare masonry surface.
7.13.3.4 Placement of Empty Stone Pairs Filled with Mixture
The entire surface of the stone must be cleaned and wetted until it is saturated before being placed.
The concrete must be placed over the stone that has been laid before then the new stone will be
placed on top of it. Stone shall be firmly embedded in the slope and compacted so that it contacts
adjacent stones until it forms the required thickness of masonry blank.
The gaps between the stones may be partially filled with wedges or small stones, so that the
remainder of the voids shall be filled with concrete until it is compact and neat with a thickness of not
more than 10 mm from the surface of the stones.
Weep holes must be made in accordance with the instructions of the Work Supervisor.
This work must be shaded and humidified for not less than 3 days after completion
The implementation of gabion wire installation can be seen in the image below:
70
The quantity measured for payment shall be the number of cubic meters of complete void of gabion or
masonry in place and received. The dimensions used to calculate this quantity shall be the nominal
dimensions of each gabion basket or masonry blank as described on the Drawings or as directed by
the Engineer.
The quantity, determined as described above, shall be paid for at the Contract Price per unit
measurement, for the Pay Items listed below and indicated in the Schedule of Quantities and Prices
where such price and payment shall be full compensation for all excavation for the preparation of all
formations and foundation, for the supply, manufacture, placement of all materials, including all
workers, tools, tools, testing and other work necessary for completion that meets the conditions of the
work as described in the Drawings and these Specifications.
71
7.14 Gabion Mattress Coating HDPE
7.14.1 General
This Technical Specification includes Mattress Gabion units which are used to control slope erosion and
local scour protection. The double woven wire mesh on Mattress Gabion units must be manufactured in
accordance with EN 10223-3, coated with Zinc or Galvanized Class A and High-Density Poly Ethylene
(HDPE). The base, front diaphragm, ends and sides of the mattress gabion unit are one continuous
double woven wire mesh panel; which can be folded making it easier to store in production facilities.
Mattress Gabion Units are provided together with Vertical Bracing to connect the base side of the
mattress to the cover side during the installation process on site.
Mattress gabion providers must have a quality control system according to ISO 9001:2008 which is
certified by an external certification body. Gabion Mattress providers must also have product
certification (or product qualification) which states that Gabion Mattresses meet national and
international qualification standards indicating suitability for product use. The gabion mattresses
produced are domestic production (not imported) which have been certified TKDN (Domestic
Component Level) by the Ministry of Industry.
Gabion Mattress is an element that has a width of 2 meters, a length of 6 meters, and a height varying
between 0.17 meters, 0.23 meters and 0.30 meters. Mattress gabions are made from hexagonal
woven wire with double coils with 6x8 woven type, woven wire diameter (ID/OD) 2.2/3.2 mm
according to regulations in EN 10223-3:2013.
7.14.2 Materials
7.14.2.1 Gabion Wire
Gabion Mattress material is composed of double twisted hexagonal wire mesh (Double Twisted Wire
Mesh) coated with 230 g/m2 Zinc (Galvanized) and High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) based on
standards EN 10244-2, EN 10245-1, ASTM A975- 21, and ISO 7989-2 with 6x8 woven type and 2.20
mm wire diameter (EN 10223-3:2013). The galvanized wire core shall be protected with a layer of
gray High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE), 0.5 mm thick, resulting in a nominal overall diameter of 3.20
mm
High-Density Poly Ethylene Layers (HDPE)
High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) layers must not contain heavy metals and be resistant to:
• UV radiation, in accordance with ISO 4892-3, type 1A: after 2,500 hours of exposure to QUV-
A, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the base component must not change by
72
more than 25% from the initial test results. High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) coatings must
not release phthalates during the degradation process.
• Chemical resistance: High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) must be able to withstand the
concentrations of chemicals found in soil and water that are typically found in civil works.
• Testing for accelerated aging of the outer layer (Outwearing Accelerated Aging Test): When
exposed to Neutral Salt Spray Tests (EN ISO 9227) for 6000 hours the wire does not show
dark brown rust of more than 5% DBR (Dark Brown Rust).
• Resistance to accelerated aging when tested in a Sulfur dioxide environment (EN ISO 6988):
after 28 test cycles, the wire mesh should not show more than 5% DBR (Dark Brown Rust),
• Abrasion test, according to the procedure described in the ASTM A975-21 standard, after a
minimum of 400 cycles, the High-Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) layer must not expose the
metal wire.
Lacing
The steel ring used as a fastener must be made of stainless steel and have the following
characteristics:
Diameter: 3.00 mm
Tensile Strength > 1,550 MPa
Split Strength > 2.0 kN
Vertical Bracing
Vertical Bracing has the function of connecting the base side and the covering side of the Gabion
Mattress, and as a stiffener for the unit so that the stone filling in the mattress can be tighter. Vertical
Bracing is shipped together with a Mattress Gabion unit which will be assembled on site (1 unit /m2)
Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)

Mattress Gabion Units must have a registered and certified Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
in accordance with ISO 14025 and EN 15804 and must meet the minimum requirements in terms of
sustainability given in Table 2.
Sustainability performance/requirements must be reported in the EPD certificate; certification from
unauthorized bodies or independent certificates issued by the factory are not permitted
7.14.2.2 Stone
Stones for masonry blanks and gabions must consist of hard and durable stones with the following
properties:
d) Aggregate wear with Los Angeles engines should be less than 40%.
e) Dry specific gravity greater than 2.3.
f) Water Absorption not greater than 4%.
73
The constancy of the shape of the aggregate to sodium sulphate or magnesium sulphate in the 5-
cycle test shall be less than 12% or 18%, respectively.
7.14.2.3 Base
The Base must be made of porous drainage material with the gradation chosen so that the foundation
soil cannot wash away through the base material and also the base material does not float past the
empty masonry or gabions.
7.14.2.4 Grout
The filler mortar mix for the given empty masonry must be a cement mortar mix with strength.
Indonesian Nasional Standard

7. SNI 03-0090-1999 : Bronjong kawat
8. SNI 2417:2008 : Cara Uji Keausan Agregat Dengan Mesin Abrasi Los Angeles.
9. SNI 03-3046-1992 : Kawat bronjong dan bronjong berlapis PVC (Polivinil chlorida) : :
10. SNI 03-6154-1999 : Kawat bronjong
11. SNI 07-6443-2000 : Metode pengujian untuk menentukan daerah lapisan seng paling tipis
dengan cara preece pada besi atau baja yang digalvanis.
12. AASHTO :
− ASTM B117-16 ▪ : Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
7.14.3 Construction
7.14.3.1 Preparation
Excavation includes the heel lock required for masonry blanks and gabions. The foundation shall be
installed as described above of these Specifications. All prepared surfaces shall be approved by the
Engineer prior to placing the masonry blanks or gabions.
7.14.3.2 Gabion Placement
1. Gabion baskets must be stretched firmly to obtain the correct shape and position by means of pull
rods or small pulling threads before filling the stone into the gabion wire. The joints between the
baskets must be as strong as the webbing itself. Each hexagon must accept at least two turns of
wire ties and the gabion frames between the edge hexagons of at least one coil. At least 15 cm of
tie wire must be left after the last tie and bent into the basket.
2. Stones should be inserted one at a time so as to obtain maximum density and minimum voids.
When each gabion is filled to half of its height, two horizontal stiffeners from face to back shall be
installed. The next basket is filled a little excessively so that settlement occurs. The outside of the
stone facing the wire must have a flat surface and rest on the webbing.
3. After filling, the edge of the cap shall be stretched with a pulling rod or pulling thread on its top
surface and secured.
4. Where baskets are mounted one on top of the other, the vertical joints must be alternated.
7.14.3.3 Placement of Empty Stone Pairs
Unless placed to form a flat apron, bare masonry shall begin by placing the first layer of the largest
stone in the trench at the heel of the slope. Stones must be placed with a crane or by hand according
to the required length, thickness and depth. Furthermore, stones must be placed on the slope so that
the largest dimension is perpendicular to the surface of the slope, otherwise such dimensions will be
74
greater than the required wall thickness. Forming of the stones is not necessary where the stones are
angled, but installation must ensure that the structure is as compact as possible and the largest
stones are below the highest water level. Larger stones should also be placed on the outside of the
finished bare masonry surface.
7.14.3.4 Placement of Empty Stone Pairs Filled with Mixture
The entire surface of the stone must be cleaned and wetted until it is saturated before being placed.
The concrete must be placed over the stone that has been laid before then the new stone will be
placed on top of it. Stone shall be firmly embedded in the slope and compacted so that it contacts
adjacent stones until it forms the required thickness of masonry blank.
The gaps between the stones may be partially filled with wedges or small stones, so that the
remainder of the voids shall be filled with concrete until it is compact and neat with a thickness of not
more than 10 mm from the surface of the stones.
Weep holes must be made in accordance with the instructions of the Work Supervisor.
This work must be shaded and humidified for not less than 3 days after completion
The implementation of gabion wire installation can be seen in the image below:
75
The quantity measured for payment shall be the number of cubic meters of complete void of gabion or
masonry in place and received. The dimensions used to calculate this quantity shall be the nominal
dimensions of each gabion basket or masonry blank as described on the Drawings or as directed by
the Engineer.
The quantity, determined as described above, shall be paid for at the Contract Price per unit
measurement, for the Pay Items listed below and indicated in the Schedule of Quantities and Prices
where such price and payment shall be full compensation for all excavation for the preparation of all
formations and foundation, for the supply, manufacture, placement of all materials, including all
workers, tools, tools, testing and other work necessary for completion that meets the conditions of the
work as described in the Drawings and these Specifications.
7.15 Concrete & Woods Treatment (Cerucuk Woods & Mini Pile)
7.15.1 Description
The mini pile foundation work is carried out at an elevation area of +23.5 to the STA CHR limit of
0+000. This work includes the procurement of manpower, equipment, materials and the erection of
piles as shown in the Work Drawings and these Technical Specifications
7.15.2 Materials Concrete
7.15.2.1 General
Pretensioned concrete piles shall be constructed in accordance with the details shown on the
Drawings and to the requirements of AASHTO M 204M. Pretensioned spun concrete piles shall also
comply with the requirement of JIS A 5335 Type A and Type B, pretensioned spun concrete piles, SNI
2049-2015 Portland Cement to be used, JIS A3532 – SWMA Standard Spiral Reinforcement, ASTM
A416-87a or SNI 07-1154-1989 or JIS G 3536 or AASHTO M 204M for Standard Prestressing Steel
and ASTM A416 for Prestressing steel specification.
The applicable provisions shall be read into and become part of this Clause.
7.15.2.2 Concrete
Concrete shall be in accordance with the provisions of Clause of these Specifications. The concrete
material should be in accordance with SNI 2847:2019, ACI 318-11, SNI 6880:2016, SNI 2049:201 or
ASTM C150.
7.15.2.3 Reinforcement
Reinforcement shall comply with the provisions of these Specifications and shall be positioned as
shown on the Drawings. The reinforcement materials shall be in accordance with SNI 2052:2017, SNI
2847:2019, SNI 07-0663-1989, ASTM A615/A615M.
7.15.2.4 Prestressing Steel
High tensile steel prestressing wire shall conform to the requirements of JIS G 3536 or AASHTO M
204M and ASTM A416 for Prestressing Steel Specification.
76
7.15.2.5 Certificate
Prior to furnishing pretensioned concrete piles the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for
approval a certificate by the manufacturer certifying that the piles comply with the specification
requirements.
7.15.2.6 Diriven Pile
Such as Class A 250x250 mm type manufactured by Wika Beton or JHS or acceptable equivalent.
The size and length of piles shall be as shown in the Drawings.
7.15.3 Materials Woods Driven
Timber for load-bearing piles (not crests) can be cured or uncured, and can be trimmed to a cross-
section perpendicular to its length or in the form of a straight tree trunk according to its original shape.
Next all the bark must be removed. Wooden piles must be completely hard and free from damage,
knots, loose parts or insects. Preservatives and Pressure Treatment Processes for Timber must
comply with AASHTO M133-12 Preservatives and Pressure Treatment Processes for Timber. The
wooden crate shall be made of the type, diameter and quality shown on the drawings
7.15.3.1 General
All wooden piles shall be inspected prior to driving to ensure that they comply with the specified
materials and permitted tolerances.
7.15.3.2 Curing/Preservatio
All soft woods used for piles require curing, which must be carried out in accordance with AASHTO
M133-12 using a pressure impregnation plant. Where such an installation is not available, hot and
cold open tank curing should be used. Some hardwoods can be used untreated, but in general, the
need to preserve hardwoods depends on the type of wood and the severity of the conditions in which
it is served. Written approval from the Engineer must be obtained prior to erection of uncured piles.
7.15.3.3 Head of Wooden Pile
Prior to driving, precautions against damage to the pile head shall be taken. This can be prevented by
trimming the head of the pile until the cross-section is rounded and perpendicular to its length and
installing strong steel or iron rings or by some other more effective method.
After driving, the pile caps shall be cut perpendicular to length to the hard, cured portion of the wood
before the pile caps are placed.
Where softwood piles form the foundation of a permanent structure and are to be cut below the
ground surface, special care must be taken to ensure that the piles are cut at or below the lowest
expected water table.
Where concrete pile caps are used, the pile caps shall be embedded in the head beams to a depth
sufficient to transmit the forces. The thickness of the concrete around the piles is at least 150 mm and
must be provided with reinforcing steel to prevent cracks in the concrete
7.15.3.4 Pilling Shoes
The piles shall be provided with suitable shoes to protect the ends of the piles during driving, except
when the entire driving is in soft ground. The shoes must be strictly centric (the center of the shoe is
the same as the center of the pile) and firmly attached to the end of the pile. The contact area
between the shoe and the wood must be sufficient to avoid excessive stress during driving.
77
7.15.3.5 Driving
Heavy driving which might damage the head of the pile, split the ends and cause cracking of the pile
should be avoided by limiting the height of the hammer fall and the amount of impact on the pile.
Generally, the weight of the hammer should equal the weight of the pile to facilitate driving. Special
care shall be taken during driving to ensure that the head of the pile is at all times in line with the
hammer and perpendicular to the length of the pile and that the pile is in position relative to it.
7.15.3.6 Splicing
Where it is necessary to use piles consisting of two or more rods, the end faces of the piles shall be
cut perpendicular to their length to ensure a contact area covering the entire cross-section of the
piles. In sawn piles, the joints shall be reinforced with timber or steel tie plates, or steel profiles such
as canals or elbows welded together to form a box designed to provide the required strength. Round
piles must be reinforced with connecting pipes. Joints near points of maximum deflection shall be
avoided.
7.15.3.7 Diriven Pile woods
Such as bamboo or dolken type manufactured use diameter 450, length 7 m and disatance as to as
minimum 4m.
7.15.4 Construction
7.15.4.1 Preparation for Driving
a. Caps
The heads of all concrete piles, when the nature of the driving is such as to unduly injure them,
shall be protected by caps of approved design having a suitable cushion next to the pile head and
fitting into a casting which in turn supports a timber shock block. No pile head will be held so
firmly that the slight rotation of the pile normally occurring while the pile is being driven will be
prevented. The Caps material shall be in accordance to ASTM, JIS and SNI Standard.
b. Joints
Joints of pretensioned concrete piles shall be carefully constructed in accordance with the
Drawings or the instruction of the Engineer. Welding shall be made in accordance with the
requirements specified in JIS A 7201 (Standard Practice for Execution of Spun Concrete Piles), or
SNI 07-0722-1989 and AWS E 6013 for Welding Materials to be used for joints.
c. Pile shoes
Shoe bases shall consist of steel plate as shown on the Drawings. The Pile shoes material shall
be in accordance with SNI, JIS and ASTM Standard.
7.15.4.2 Handling, Pitching and Driving
a. General
When raising or transporting piles the Contractor shall provide slings and other equipment
necessary to prevent any appreciable bending of the pile.
The main setting out for the piles is to be completed prior to commencement of driving.
Secondary or individual pile setting out is to be completed and agreed not less than 8 hours prior
to commencing work on the piles concerned. All main setting out points, lines and stations are to
be maintained safe and undisturbed until the work is complete.
Piles shall be pitched accurately in the positions and driven to the lines shown on the Drawings or
fixed by the Engineer. Piles deflected from the vertical or proper line shall, where ordered by the
Engineer, be withdrawn and re-pitched until the proper line is obtained.
No forcible method of correction of the position or line of any pile will be permitted. Any pile
damaged by reason of improper driving or driven out of its proper location or driven below the
78
elevation fixed by the Drawings or by the Engineer, shall be corrected at the Contractor's expense
by one of the following methods approved by the Engineer for the pile in question :
The pile shall be withdrawn and replaced by a new and if necessary longer pile. Any holes from
which piles are withdrawn shall be packed with approved non-plastic material before re-driving
takes place; or
A second pile shall be driven adjacent to the defective pile.
All piles pushed up by the driving of adjacent piles or by any other cause shall be driven again.
b. Batter piles
Batter piles shall be driven accurately to the batter shown on the Drawings. The pile frame
employed for the driving of the batter piles shall have leads capable of adjustment to the required
angle. When piles have to be driven below the level of the bottom of the leads, extension leads
shall be provided except where the use of a follower is specifically permitted by the Engineer.
c. Driving equipment
Before any piling work is commenced the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer full details of the
pile driving equipment and the method of carrying out the work he intends to use. All piles shall be
provided with caps for driving as specified previously in this specification. For special types of
piling, driving head mandrels, or other devices in accordance with these requirements shall be
provided so that piles may be driven without damage.
Piles shall be driven with steam, air or diesel hammers, a combination of hammers with water jets
or gravity hammers. When diesel hammers are used, they shall be calibrated by a load test if
necessary.
The plant and equipment furnished for steam and air hammers shall have sufficient capacity to
maintain, under working conditions, the pressure in the manner specified by the manufacturer.
The boiler or tank shall be equipped with an accurate pressure gauge, and another gauge shall
be supplied at the hammer intake.
When gravity hammers are used for driving concrete piles, the drop of the hammer shall not
exceed 2.5 metres and the hammer shall have a weight of not less than half the weight of the pile.
The fall shall be regulated so as to prevent injury to the pile.
d. Driving
Piles shall be supported in line and position with leads while being driven. Pile drive leads shall be
constructed so as to afford freedom of movement of the hammer, and they shall be held firmly in
position to ensure rigid lateral support to the pile during driving. Except where piles are driven
through water, the leads shall be of sufficient length to make the use of a follower unnecessary,
and shall be so designed as to permit the proper placing of batter piles. If the condition at the site
requires the necessity of a follower, the Contractor shall not use it without approval of the
Engineer.
When water jets are considered by the Engineer to be necessary, the number of jets and the
nozzle volume and pressure shall be sufficient to erode freely the material adjacent to the piling.
The plant shall have at all times a pressure of at least seven (7) kilograms per square centimetre
at two (2) centimetre jet nozzles. Before the required penetration is reached, the jets shall be shut
off and the piles driven by hammer to final penetration.
A detailed accurate record of the driving of all piles shall be kept by the Engineer and the
Contractor shall give every assistance to the Engineer to help him keep this record which will
include the following: pile numbers, positions, types, sizes, actual lengths, dates driven, lengths in
footings, penetration under final blows of the hammer, striking energy of the hammer, lengths
extended, length cut off, and final pay lengths.
No piles shall be driven near freshly placed concrete.
e. Bearing values
Piles shall be driven to a bearing value of not less than that shown on the Drawings. The
Engineer will specify the penetration and the Contractor shall drive the piles to the penetration
specified, but if the Engineer is not satisfied that the desired bearing value has been attained the
Contractor shall carry on driving until such desired bearing value is attained.
79
f. Cut off and extension
Piles shall be cut off at such elevation that they will extend into the cap or footing as shown on the
Drawings. Care shall be taken that reinforcement or prestressing bars which extend beyond the
cut-off point to bond the pile into the cap or footing are not damaged during cutting off of the pile.
The extended length of a pile shall be sufficient to reach the elevation of the bottom of the cap
and shall be of the same section as the pile itself or as shown on the Drawings. After piles have
been lengthened driving shall not be resumed until the approval of the Engineer has been given.
Unless otherwise specified, the length of pile cut off shall remain the property of the Contractor
and shall be disposed of beyond Government property limits and outside the limit of view from the
roadway to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
g. Connection with footing

All piles shall be connected to footings as shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer.
7.15.5.1 Piles Furnished
The unit of measurement for furnishing pretensioned concrete piles shall be measured by the linear
metres, furnished as directed by the Engineer and the requirements of these Specifications and
stockpiled in good condition at the site of the work by the Contractor, and accepted by the Engineer.
The pay length of the furnished and accepted piles shall be measured from the tip to the cut-off,
where the cut-off is defined as the top of the concrete of the pile after the excess length is removed,
measured to the nearest centimetre to an annulus drawn around the highest point of unbroken
concrete after cleaning the top of the pile. No allowance will be made for the length of piles furnished
by the Contractor to replace piles previously accepted by the Engineer that are subsequently lost or
those that are damaged prior to completion of the Contract while in stockpile, or during handling or
driving, and are ordered by the Engineer to be removed from the site of the work or disposed of
otherwise.
7.15.5.2 Piles Driven
The quantities of driven pretensioned concrete piles to be calculated for shall be the number of linear
metres of piles actually driven and accepted. The calculated lengths of the satisfactorily driven piles
shall be measured as follows:
For pile caps/footings below ground level: from the tip of the pile to the underside of the pile cap or
footing.
For pile caps/footings above ground level: from the tip of the pile to the surface level after clearing and
grubbing.
80
8 SUB-GRADE
8.1 Sub-grade Preparation
8.1.1 Description
The sub-grade shall be that part of the work which is prepared for the sub-base or, if there is no sub-
base, the base of the pavement. It shall extend to the full width of the roadbed including the
shoulders and lay-bys or such limited areas as shown on the Drawings or as instructed by the
Engineer. For the purpose of payment no differentiation is made between sub-grade in cut or fill
areas. Work on sub-grade preparation shall only be carried out immediately prior to laying the sub-
base.
8.1.2 Construction
8.1.2.1 Templates and Straightedges
The Contractor shall provide and use straightedges to check the accuracy of the work and to ensure
adherence to the requirements of these Specifications.
8.1.2.2 Prior Works
Culverts, drain pipes and any other minor structures below the sub-grade level, including fully
compacted backfill shall be completed before work is begun on the sub-grade. Ditches, drains,
outlets for drainage, and headwalls for culverts shall be in such operative condition as to ensure
prompt and effective drainage and to avoid damage to the sub-grade by surface water.
Any sub-grade areas failing to meet the planned elevation due to settlement or any other cause, or
which have become damaged since completion of earthwork, shall be removed, material replaced or
added, re-compacted and finished to the specified lines, grades and cross-sections as directed by the
Engineer.
No work shall be started on the preparation of the sub-grade before the prior works herein described
have been approved by the Engineer.
8.1.2.3 Degree of Compaction
All material down to a depth of 20 centimetres below the sub-grade level shall be compacted to at
least 100 percent of the maximum dry density as determined according to AASHTO T99. The
minimum CBR required for sub-grade in pavement works in this contract shall be 6%.
8.1.2.4 Sub-grade in Earth Cut
When the sub-grade is in earth cut it shall be formed to the correct transverse and longitudinal profiles
as provided in but at a grade level higher than the final grade in order to allow for the effect of
compaction. The soil shall be compacted with approved rollers and prior to compaction the moisture
content shall be adjusted by watering with approved sprinkler trucks or by drying out, as may be
required, in order that the degree of compaction may be attained.
If the natural characteristics of the soil are such that it is impossible to obtain the minimum CBR when
compacted as specified in this specification, the Engineer will specify remedial works or instruct its
removal. The removal and disposal of unsuitable material in earth cuts shall be considered.
81
8.1.2.5 Sub-grade on Embankment
When the sub-grade is to be formed on embankment, the material to be placed in the upper part of
the embankment down to a depth of 20 centimetres, shall meet the compaction requirements of the
specification. Rollers of approved size and type, accepted by the Engineer, shall be used for
compaction, and the moisture content shall be properly adjusted in order to obtain the dry density as
specified in these specification. Care shall be taken to use suitable material for the sub-grade. If
unsuitable material is placed, it shall be removed and replaced with suitable material by the
Contractor without additional payment.
The Contractor shall be directed by the Engineer in all the phases of the sub-grade preparation and
he shall repeat any part of the work if necessary to attain the specified degree of compaction.
8.1.2.6 Protection of Completed Work
Any part of the sub-grade that has been completed shall be protected against drying out and cracking,
and any damage resulting from default of the Contractor shall be repaired as directed by the Engineer
without additional payment.
8.1.2.7 Traffic and Repairs
The Contractor shall be responsible for all the consequences of traffic being admitted to the sub-
grade, and he may prohibit such traffic if he has provided a detour or is operating half-width
construction. He shall repair any ruts or ridges occasioned by his own traffic or that of others by
reshaping and compacting with rollers of the size and type necessary for such repair. He shall arrange
for sub-grade preparation and sub- base or base placing to follow each other closely.
The sub-grade, when prepared too soon in relation to the laying of the sub-base, is liable to
deteriorate, and in such case the Contractor shall, without additional payment, repair, re-roll, or
compact the sub-grade as may be necessary to restore it to the state specified herein.
The quantities to be paid for shall be the number of square metres of sub-grade in cut or in fill,
prepared as hereinbefore prescribed, tested and accepted. The area to be measured for payment will
be limited to the sub-grade below sub-base, in areas of new pavement construction. Areas to be
sodded or laid with interlocking concrete paving will not be measured for payment under this Clause.
82

2. Technical Specifications

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

2. Technical Specifications

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2. Technical Specifications

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

REFERENCED PRODUCT OR

MATERIALS AND BUILDING SUB SYSTEMS

PVC Doors and Frames

− Door frame Alexindo, Indalex, Alakasa

− General Paramount, PT Indomatic Mandiri Sentosa, and

− Type Kenari Djaja or acceptable equivalent

− Miscellaneous accessories Jayaboard, Knauf, Gyproc

− Cement mortar Mixed on site

− Cement grout AM 50 Coloured Ceramic Grout, MU-408, Sika

− Runners Jayaboard, Knauf, Gyproc

− Concrete , masonry and calcium silicate Dulux, Jotun

Decocryl Premium Emulsion Paint from Propan

− Steel surfaces Dulux, Jotun

− Glass panel made of tempered glass

− Liquid soap dispenser Toto, Amstad, Krisbow

− Fire water piping Bakrie, Spindo, PPI

− Valves SCI product manufactured by Siam Cast Iron

− Alarm Control Valve/Alarm Check Valve Victaulic, Tyco, Reliable

− Diesel pump Grundfos, Ebara by Indobara and Wilo Pump by

− Jokey pump Grundfos, Ebara by Indobara and Wilo Pump by

− Water supply pipe and fittings ATP Toro, Agrusan, Fusioterm

− Sewer water pipe and fittings Pralon, Rucika, Vinilon

− Valves Kitzatawa, Yuta, Toyo

− Pump Grundfos, Ebara by Indobara and Wilo Pump by

− Western closet Toto or Amstad

− Faucets/taps Toto, Amstad or San-Ei

− Air conditioning system Daikin, Mitsubishi, LG

Diesel Generator Set

Medium Voltage Cubicle

− Power cable Voksel, Kabel Metal, Tranka, Supreme, Kabelindo

Nobi, Three Stars, Lion

− Switches of flush mounted type Boss, Schneider or Legrand

− Socket outlets (single or twin) of 1phase of Boss, Schneider or Legrand

− Compact integrated fluorescent Philips or equal

− Exit lamps PNE, Menvier, Legrand or acceptable equivalent

− IP PBX Siemens, Alcatel or acceptable equivalent

− Indoor cable Belden, AT & T,JJ-LAPP,Supreme

− Underground cable Belden, AT & T,JJ-LAPP,Supreme

− Data cable Belden, AT & T,JJ-LAPP,Supreme

Belden, AT & T,JJ-LAPP,Supreme

− Hub Link Sys, Asus, D-Link

− Server Asus, CISCO

5.2 Construction Requirements

5.2.2 Clearing, Grubbing and Tree Removal

5.2.3 Topsoil Stripping

5.2.4 Protection of Areas Designated to Remain

5.2.5 Disposal of Cleared Material

5.2.6 Replanting of Cut Trees

5.3 Method of Measurement

6.2 Work Requirements

6.2.2 Removal of Bridges, Culverts, and other Structures

6.2.4 Removal of Pavements, Footpaths, etc.

6.2.5 Removal of Traffic Signs

6.3 Method of Measurement

7.2.1 Soil Information

7.2.2 Classes of the Work

7.2.3 Horizontal and Vertical Alignment

7.2.5 Method of Measurement

7.2.6 Removal of Existing Obstructions