TRANSPORTATION

ENGINEERING
CIV-232513

Prof. Ir. A. Caroline Sutandi, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., IPU

Civil Engineering Department
Parahyangan Catholic University
2023
OBJECTIVE

To find out more about many aspects

regarding transportation and its scope.
SUBJECT

Subject consists of:

Transportation Engineering and Its Scope

Transportation and Society
Transportation Technology
Transportation Components
SUBJECT

Transportation Planning
Urban Transportation Planning
Public Transportation
Transportation System and Its Environment
REFERENCES

Banks, James H. 2002. Introduction to

[1] Transportation Engineering, second edition,
Mc Graw Hill Higher Education, 1221 Avenue
of the Americas, New York, NY 10020.

Bragdon, Cliffort R. 2008. Transportation

[2] Security, Elsevier Science and Technology
Rights Department of Oxford, UK.
REFERENCES
Button, K.J. And Hensher, D.A. 2001. Handbook
[3] of Transport Systems and Traffic Control,
Volume 3, Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard
Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 IGB,
UK.

Khisty, G. John and Lall, B. Kent. 1998.

[4] Transportation Engineering An Introduction,
second edition, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.
REFERENCES

Kutz, Myer. 2004. Handbook of Transportation

[5] Engineering, Mc Graw Hill Inc., New York NY
10121-2298

Morlok, Edward K. 1978. Introduction to

[6] Transportation Engineering and Planning,
International Student Edition, Mc Graw Hill
Inc.
REFERENCES
O’Flaherty,C.A. 2003. Transport Planning and
[7] Traffic Engineering, Elsevier Butterworth-
Heinemann, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, oxford
OX2 8DP, 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington MA
01803.

Wang, Kelvin C.P., et.al. 2006. Application of

[8] Advanced Technology in Transportation, ASCE
and Transportation Research Board, University
of Illinois, Chicago
CHAPTER I

TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
AND ITS SCOPE
Prof. Ir. A. Caroline Sutandi, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., IPU
Civil Engineering Department
Parahyangan Catholic University
2023
INTRODUCTION
The field of transportation engineering:

The desires of people to move and their need

for goods create the demand for transportation.
People’s preferences in terms of time, money,
comfort, and convenience prescribe the mode of
transportation used, provided of course that
such a mode is available to the user .
[4]
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Transport systems are complex and subject

to continual change.

Furthermore, there is no simple definition

of what constitutes a transport system [3].
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
The systems approach represents a broad-based,
systematic approach to problems that involve a
system. It is a problem-solving philosophy used
particularly to solve complex problems.

A system is a set of interrelated parts, called

components, that perform a number of functions
in order to achieve common goals. Goals are
desired end states
[4].
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Operational statements of Goals are called
objectives.

Objectives are measurable and attainable i.e.

measures of effectiveness (MOEs) and measures
of costs (MOCs).

A policy is a guiding principle or course of action

adopted to forward progress toward an objective [4].
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM [1,4,5,6]

Steps in system analysis is used to make

transportation policy. The steps are as follow:
 Investigate and identify the problem
 develop problem statement
 define goals and objectives
 define design criteria and evaluation
 provide alternative actions
 data collection
 analysis and evaluation
 results, appropriate action, and decision
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Transportation Engineering is defined by ITE
(Institute of Transportation Engineers) as
the application of technology and scientific
principles to the planning, functional design,
operation and management facilities for any mode
of transportation in order to provide for the safe,
rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical and
environmentally compatible movement of people
and goods [1, 4, 5, 6].
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Traffic Engineering is defined by ITE as

the phase of transportation engineering that deals
with the planning, geometric design and traffic
operations of roads, streets, and highways, their
networks, terminals, abutting lands, and
relationship with other modes of transportation [1, 4, 5,
6].
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM [1,4,5,6]

The system of facilities:

Traffic facilities include the roadways for
moving vehicles, as well as the parking area and
terminals for transferring passenger and goods
and storing the vehicles. Villages

City City

Town
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Mobility and Accessibility

Transportation systems include all ways and

terminals dedicated to moving and storing
private, public, and commercial vehicles.

Facilities serve two principals but contradicting

functions, mobility and accessibility [5].
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Mobility is the common-sense objective of

transportation, aiming at the fastest but safe
movement of people or goods.

Access to terminal points (homes, business) is

also essential at trip ends
[5].
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

mobility
Arterial Roads

Collector Roads

Land access Local Roads

Road categories related to mobility and land access [4]

TRANSPORTATION DEMAND [1,4,5,6]

A demand function

The demand for goods and services, in general,

depends largely on commuters’ income and the
price for the particular good or service relative
to other.
TRANSPORTATION DEMAND

A demand function in traffic engineering, for

example, a number of passengers willing to
use a commuter train at different price levels
between a pair of origins and destinations, for
a specific trip, during a given period .
[4]
TRANSPORTATION DEMAND [1,4,5,6]

A linear demand function for a given pair of

origin and destination points, at a specific time
of day and for a particular purpose can be
formulated as:
q = - p

With q = the quantity of trips demanded

,  = constant demand parameters
p = price
TRANSPORTATION DEMAND
An agregate demand function: a volume of
trips demanded at different prices by a group
of travellers . [4]

/
Price, p

B
p
B
A
pA

q qA  Volume, q
B
TRANSPORTATION DEMAND
An agregate demand function: a series of shifted
demand curves, representing changes in the quantity
of travel due to variables other than the perveived
price .
[4]
Price, p
D3
D1
D2
p0

q2 q q3 Volume, q
1
TRANSPORTATION DEMAND

Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium

If the demand and supply functions for a

transportation facility are known, then it is
possible to deal with the concept of
equilibrium .
[4]
TRANSPORTATION DEMAND
Example 1 [4]:

The price of a seat on a particular route of airline to

be p = 200 + 0.02n. The demand for this route per
day has been found to be n = 5,000 – 20p.

p = 200 + 0.02n
n = 5,000 – 20p

The price is $ 214.28 and number of seat sold per

day = 714 seats.
TRANSPORTATION DEMAND
Example 2 : [4]

The service function equation of 20 miles highway is

t = 15 + 0.02v, with t is travel time (minute) and v is
volume (veh/h) . The demand function for travel this
route is v = 4,000 – 120t.
t = 15 + 0.02v
v = 4,000 – 120t
Therefore v=647 veh/h, t = 27.94 minutes and
speed= 20/(27.94/60) = 42.95 mph.
MOVEMENTS AND TRANSPORTATION

People and goods move from one place to another

can be explained by the following conditions :
[4]

❖ Complementarily, attractiveness between two

or more destinations;
❖ Transferability, measured in terms of time,
money, and technology needed;
❖ Opportunity, to competition among several
locations to satisfy demand and supply.
MOVEMENTS AND TRANSPORTATION
The decision is made based on:
▪ time
▪ speed
▪ efficiency
▪ cost
▪ safety
▪ convenience

Regarding facility, vehicles, and technology.

COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION

Transportation system includes the following

components :[1,4,5,6]

❑ Physical facilities: streets, roads,

highways, railroads, airports, sea and river
ports, pipelines, canals;
❑ Fleets: vehicles, vessels, aircraft;
COMPONENTS OF TRANSPORTATION

❑ Operating bases and facilities: vehicle

maintenance facilities and office space;
❑ Organisations: facility-oriented
organisation and operating organisation;
❑ Operating Strategies: vehicle routing,
scheduling, traffic control.