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Determinants
Class 12th
Q.1) ∣1 𝑎 𝑏 + 𝑐 ∣
Show∣∣1 𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑎∣∣ = 0
∣1 𝑐 𝑎 + 𝑏∣
Sol.1) ∣1 𝑎 𝑏 + 𝑐 ∣
∣1 𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑎 ∣
∣ ∣
∣1 𝑐 𝑎 + 𝑏 ∣
𝐶3 → 𝐶3 + 𝐶2
∣1 𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐∣
= ∣∣1 𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ∣∣
∣1 𝑐 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ∣
taking (a + b + c) common from C3
∣ 1 𝑎 1∣

m
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) ∣∣1 𝑏 1∣∣

co
∣1 𝑐 1∣
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) × 0 = 0 …..{ ... C1 & C3 are identical}
Q.2) ∣𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑏∣ y.
da
Show that∣∣ 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 ∣∣ = 0
∣𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎∣
to

Sol.2) ∣𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑏 ∣
let ∆= ∣∣𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 ∣∣
es

∣𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 ∣
di

𝑐1 → 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 𝑐3
∣0 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑏∣
tu

= ∣∣0 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 ∣∣
∣0 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 ∣
.s

= 0 ….{ all elements of C1 are z easily}

w

Q.3) ∣sin𝛼 cos𝛼 sin(𝛼 + 𝑆)∣

w

∣ ∣
Show that∣ sin𝛽 cos𝛽 sin(𝛽 + 𝑆) ∣ = 0
∣ ∣
w

∣ sin𝛾 cos𝛾 sin(𝛾 + 𝑆) ∣

Sol.3) ∣sin𝛼 cos𝛼 sin𝛼. cos𝑆 + cos𝛼. sin𝑆 ∣
∣ ∣
∆= ∣sin𝛽 cos𝛽 sin𝛽. cos𝑆 + cos𝛽. sin𝑆∣
∣ ∣
∣ sin𝛾 cos𝛾 sin𝛾. cos𝑆 + cos𝛾. sin𝑆 ∣
Applying sum property in C3
∣sin𝛼 cos𝛼 sin𝛼. cos𝑆 ∣ ∣sin𝛼 cos𝛼 cos𝛼. sin𝑆 ∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
= ∣sin𝛽 cos𝛽 sin𝛽. cos𝑆∣ + ∣sin𝛽 cos𝛽 cos𝛽. sin𝑆∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∣ sin𝛾 cos𝛾 sin𝛾. cos𝑆 ∣ ∣ sin𝛾 cos𝛾 cos𝛾. sin𝑆 ∣
∣sin𝛼 cos𝛼 sin𝛼 ∣ ∣sin𝛼 cos𝛼 cos𝛼 ∣
∣sin𝛽 cos𝛽 sin𝛽∣ ∣ ∣
= cos𝑆 ∣ ∣ + sin 𝑆 ∣sin𝛽 cos𝛽 cos𝛽∣
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∣ sin𝛾 cos𝛾 sin𝛾 ∣ ∣ sin𝛾 cos𝛾 cos𝛾 ∣
= cos𝑆(0) + sin𝑆(0) = 0 ans.

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Q.4) ∣ 2y + 45y + 78y + 𝑎 ∣

∣ ∣
If a, b, c are in A.P find value of ∣ 3y + 56y + 89y + 𝑏 ∣
∣ ∣
∣4y + 67y + 910y + 𝑐 ∣
Sol.4) ∣ 2y + 45y + 78y + 𝑎 ∣
∣ ∣
let ∆= ∣ 3y + 56y + 89y + 𝑏 ∣
∣ ∣
∣4y + 67y + 910y + 𝑐 ∣
given a, b, c are in A.P 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 2b
... R1 → R1 + R3
∣6y + 1012y + 1618y + 𝑎 + 𝑐 ∣
∣ 3y + 56y + 89y + 𝑏 ∣
= ∣ ∣
∣ ∣
∣ 4y + 67y + 910y + 𝑐 ∣
∣6y + 1012y + 1618y + 2b∣
∣ ∣
= ∣ 3y + 56y + 89y + 𝑏 ∣ …..{... a + c = 2b}
∣ ∣
∣ 4y + 67y + 910y + 𝑐 ∣

m
taking 2 common from R1
∣ 3y + 56y + 89y + 𝑏 ∣

co
∣ ∣
= 2 ∣ 3y + 56y + 89y + 𝑏 ∣
∣ ∣
∣4y + 67y + 910y + 𝑐∣
clearly R1 and R2 are identical y.
da
... 2 × 0 = 0 ans.
to

Q.5) ∣ (𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥 )2 (𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎−𝑥 )2 1 ∣

∣ ∣
Show that∣(𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑎 −𝑦 )2 (𝑎 𝑦 − 𝑎 −𝑦 )2 1∣ = 0
es

∣ 𝑧 ∣
∣ (𝑎 + 𝑎−𝑧 )2 (𝑎 𝑧 − 𝑎−𝑧 )2 1 ∣
di

Sol.5) 𝑐1 → 𝑐1 − 𝑐2
tu

∣ (𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥 )2 − (𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎−𝑥 )2 (𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎−𝑥 )2 1 ∣

∣ ∣
= ∣(𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑦 )2 − (𝑎 𝑦 − 𝑎−𝑦 )2 (𝑎 𝑦 − 𝑎−𝑦 )2 1∣
.s

∣ 𝑧 ∣
∣ (𝑎 + 𝑎−𝑧 )2 − (𝑎 𝑧 − 𝑎−𝑧 )2 (𝑎 𝑧 − 𝑎−𝑧 )2 1 ∣
w

∣4(𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎−𝑥 )2 1 ∣
w

∣ ∣
= ∣4(𝑎 𝑦 − 𝑎−𝑦 )2 1∣ …..{(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 4abhere4ab = 4a𝑥 . 𝑎−𝑥 −
∣ ∣
w

∣ 4(𝑎 𝑧 − 𝑎−𝑧 )2 1 ∣
4}
∣1(𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎−𝑥 )2 1 ∣
∣ ∣
= 4 ∣1(𝑎 𝑦 − 𝑎−𝑦 )2 1∣
∣ ∣
∣ 1(𝑎 𝑧 − 𝑎−𝑧 )2 1 ∣
= 4×0=0 …..{𝐶1 &𝐶3 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙}
Q.6) ∣4115∣
Show that∣∣7979∣∣ = 0
∣2953∣
Sol.6) ∣4115∣
let ∆= ∣∣7979∣∣
∣2953∣

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𝑐2 → 𝑐2 + 8c3
∣41415∣
= ∣∣79799∣∣ = 0 …..{𝐶1 &𝐶3 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙}
∣29293∣
Q.7) ∣∣ 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 𝑏𝑐 𝑏 + 𝑐 ∣∣
Show∣ 𝑐 2 𝑎2 𝑐𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑏 ∣ = 0
∣∣ 2 2 ∣
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑏∣
Sol.7) 𝑅1 → 𝑎𝑅1 , 𝑅2 → 𝑏𝑅2 and𝑅3 → 𝑐𝑅3
∣𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 2 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 ∣∣
1 ∣ 2 2
= ∣𝑏𝑐 𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏 ∣
𝑎𝑏𝑐 ∣
∣ 𝑐𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑐𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐 ∣∣
taking abc common from 𝐶1 and 𝐶2
1
∣𝑏𝑐 1 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 ∣
= . (𝑎𝑏𝑐)(𝑎𝑏𝑐) ∣∣𝑐𝑎 1 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏 ∣∣

m
𝑎𝑏𝑐
∣𝑎𝑏 1 𝑐𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐 ∣
𝑐3 → 𝑐3 + 𝑐1

co
∣ 𝑏𝑐1𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 ∣
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐 ∣∣ 𝑐𝑎1𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 ∣∣
∣𝑎𝑏1𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎∣ y.
da
taking (𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)common from 𝐶3
∣ 𝑏𝑐 1 1 ∣
to

= 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) ∣∣ 𝑐𝑎 1 1 ∣∣
∣𝑎𝑏 1 1∣
es

= 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)(0) = 0 …...... {𝐶1 &𝐶3 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙}

di

Q.8) ∣1 𝑎 𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑐 ∣
Show that ∣∣1 𝑏 𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑎 ∣∣ = 0
tu

∣ 1 𝑐 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 ∣
.s

Sol.8) ∣1 𝑎 𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑐∣
w

let ∆= ∣∣1 𝑏 𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑎 ∣∣
∣ 1 𝑐 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 ∣
w

Applying sum property in𝐶3

w

∣1 𝑎 𝑎2 ∣ ∣1 𝑎 𝑏𝑐 ∣
= ∣∣1 𝑏 𝑏 2 ∣∣ − ∣∣1 𝑏 𝑐𝑎 ∣∣
∣ 1 𝑐 𝑐 2 ∣ ∣1 𝑐 𝑎𝑏∣
𝑅1 → 𝑎𝑅1 , 𝑅2 → 𝑏𝑅2 , 𝑅3 → 𝑐𝑅3
∣1 𝑎 𝑎2 ∣ 1
∣𝑎 𝑎2 𝑎𝑏𝑐∣
∣ ∣
= ∣1 𝑏 𝑏 2 ∣ − ∣𝑏 𝑏 2 𝑎𝑏𝑐 ∣
𝑎𝑏𝑐 ∣ ∣
∣ 1 𝑐 𝑐3 ∣ ∣ 𝑐 𝑐 2 𝑎𝑏𝑐 ∣
taking abc common from𝐶3 in 2nd Det.
∣1 𝑎 𝑎2 ∣ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 ∣𝑎 𝑎2 1∣
= ∣∣1 𝑏 𝑏 2 ∣∣ − ∣𝑏 𝑏 2 1∣
𝑎𝑏𝑐 ∣ ∣
∣ 1 𝑐 𝑐2 ∣ ∣ 𝑐 𝑐2 1 ∣
𝑐2 ↔ 𝑐3

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∣1 𝑎 𝑎2 ∣ ∣𝑎 1 𝑎2 ∣
= ∣∣1 𝑏 𝑏 2 ∣∣ + ∣∣𝑏 1 𝑏 2 ∣∣
∣ 1 𝑐 𝑐2 ∣ ∣𝑐 1 𝑏2 ∣
again 𝑐1 ↔ 𝑐2
∣1 𝑎 𝑎2 ∣ ∣1 𝑎 𝑎2 ∣
= ∣∣1 𝑏 𝑏 2 ∣∣ − ∣∣1 𝑏 𝑏 2 ∣∣
∣ 1 𝑐 𝑐2 ∣ ∣ 1 𝑐 𝑐2 ∣
= 0 ans.
Q.9) ∣log𝑎 𝑝 1∣
∣ ∣
If a , b , c are the 𝑃𝑡ℎ , 𝑞 𝑡ℎ and𝑟 𝑡ℎ terms of G.P then show that∣log𝑏 𝑞 1∣ = 0
∣ ∣
∣ log𝑐 𝑟 1 ∣
Sol.9) We know 𝑛𝑡ℎ term of G.P : 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
here let 𝐴 → 𝐼 𝑠𝑡 term and R common ratio
... 𝑎𝑝 = 𝑎 = 𝐴𝑅 𝑝−1 ; 𝑎𝑞 = 𝑏 = 𝐴𝑅 𝑞−1 ; 𝑎𝑟 = 𝑐 = 𝐴𝑅 𝑟−1

m
taking log on both sides

co
log𝑎 = log(𝐴𝑅𝑝−1 ); log𝑏 = log(𝐴𝑅𝑞−1 ); log𝑐 = log(𝐴𝑅𝑟−1 )
⇒ log𝑎 = log𝐴 + (𝑝– 1)log𝑅
log𝑏 = log𝐴 + (𝑞– 1)log𝑅 y.
da
log𝑐 = log𝐴 + (𝑟– 1)log𝑅
∣log𝑎 𝑝 1∣
to

∣ ∣
Now let∆= ∣log𝑏 𝑞 1∣
∣ ∣
es

∣ log𝑐 𝑟 1 ∣
putting values of log𝑎, log𝑏and log𝑐
di

∣log𝐴 + (𝑝 − 1)log𝑅 𝑝 1∣
∣ ∣
tu

= ∣log𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1)log𝑅 𝑞 1∣
∣ ∣
∣ log𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1)log𝑅 𝑟 1 ∣
.s

Applying sum property in 𝑐1

w

∣log𝐴 𝑝 1∣ ∣(𝑝 − 1)log𝑅 𝑝 1∣

∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
w

= ∣log𝐴 𝑞 1∣ + ∣(𝑞 − 1)log𝑅 𝑞 1∣

∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
∣ log𝐴 𝑟 1 ∣ ∣ (𝑟 − 1)log𝑅 𝑟 1 ∣
w

∣1 𝑝 1∣ ∣ 𝑝 − 1 𝑝 1∣
= log𝐴 ∣1 𝑞 1∣ + log𝑅 ∣∣𝑞 − 1 𝑞 1∣∣
∣ ∣
∣1 𝑟 1∣ ∣𝑟 − 1 𝑟 1∣
𝑐1 → 𝑐1 + 𝑐3
∣1 𝑝 1∣ ∣ 𝑝 𝑝 1∣
= log𝐴 ∣1 𝑞 1∣ + log𝑅 ∣∣𝑞 𝑞 1∣∣
∣ ∣
∣1 𝑟 1∣ ∣𝑟 𝑟 1∣
= log𝐴 × (0) + log𝑅 × (0)
= 0+0=0 ans.
Q.10) ∣𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 ∣ ∣ 𝑦 𝑏 𝑞 ∣
∣ ∣
Show∣𝑥 𝑦 𝑧∣ = ∣∣𝑥 𝑎 𝑝∣∣
∣ ∣
∣𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 ∣ ∣ 𝑧 𝑐 𝑟 ∣

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Sol.10) ∣𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 ∣
∣ ∣
let ∆= ∣𝑥 𝑦 𝑧∣
∣ ∣
∣𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 ∣
∣𝑎 𝑥 𝑝∣
= ∣∣𝑏 𝑦 𝑞 ∣∣ …..{.. ∣ 𝐴 ∣=∣ 𝐴′ ∣}
∣𝑐 𝑧 𝑟∣
𝑐1 ↔ 𝑐2
∣𝑥 𝑎 𝑝∣
= − ∣∣𝑦 𝑏 𝑞 ∣∣
∣𝑧 𝑐 𝑟∣
𝑅2 ↔ 𝑅1
∣𝑦 𝑏 𝑞 ∣
= (-)(-) ∣∣𝑥 𝑎 𝑝∣∣
∣𝑧 𝑐 𝑟∣
∣𝑦 𝑏 𝑞 ∣
= ∣∣𝑥 𝑎 𝑝∣∣ = RHS

m
Proved
∣𝑧 𝑐 𝑟∣

co
y.
da
to
es
di
tu
.s
w
w
w

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