St.

MARTIN’S ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Dhulapally, Kompally, Secunderabad-500100.

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

LAB OBSERVATION

Department of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering
 St.MARTIN’S ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Dhulapally, Kompally, Secunderabad-500100.

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

NAME :
ROLL.NO :
YEAR :
BRANCH /SEC :

Department of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering
 INDEX
Expt.No Date Name of the Experiment Marks Sign
 BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

Course Objectives:
• To analyze a given network by applying various electrical laws and network theorems
• To know the response of electrical circuits for different excitations
• To calculate, measure and know the relation between basic electrical parameters.
• To analyze the performance characteristics of DC and AC electrical machines

Course Outcomes:
• Get an exposure to basic electrical laws.
• Understand the response of different types of electrical circuits to different
excitations.
• Understand the measurement, calculation and relation between the basic electrical
parameters
• Understand the basic characteristics of transformers and electrical machines.

List of experiments/demonstrations:

1. Verification of Ohms Law

2. Verification of KVL and KCL
3. Transient Response of Series RL and RC circuits using DC excitation
4. Transient Response of RLC Series circuit using DC excitation
5. Resonance in series RLC circuit
6. Calculations and Verification of Impedance and Current of RL, RC and RLC
series circuits
7. Measurement of Voltage, Current and Real Power in primary and Secondary
Circuits of a Single Phase Transformer
8. Load Test on Single Phase Transformer (Calculate Efficiency and
Regulation)
9. Three Phase Transformer: Verification of Relationship between Voltages and
Currents (Star-Delta, Delta-Delta, Delta-star, Star-Star)
10. Measurement of Active and Reactive Power in a balanced Three-phase
circuit
11. Performance Characteristics of a Separately/Self Excited DC
Shunt/Compound Motor
12. Torque-Speed Characteristics of a Separately/Self Excited DC
Shunt/Compound Motor
13. Performance Characteristics of a Three-phase Induction Motor
14. Torque-Speed Characteristics of a Three-phase Induction Motor
15. No-Load Characteristics of a Three-phase Alternator
 Experiment-1

VERIFICATION OF OHM’S LAW

OBJECTIVE: To Verify Ohm’s Law for the given circuit

RESOURCES:

Name of the
S. No Range Type Quantity
apparatus

Regulated power
1 (0 – 30)V/2A Digital 01
supply
2 Voltmeter (0-30)V MC 01
3 Ammeter (0-1)A MC 01
4 Rheostat 50 Ω Tubular 01
Required
5 Connecting wires --- ----
number

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Initially keep the RPS output voltage knob in zero volt position.
2. Set the ammeter pointer at zero position.
3. Take the readings without parallax error.
4. Avoid loose connections.
5. Avoid short circuit of RPS output terminals

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram. All connections must be neat and tight.
2. Determine the zero error and least count of the ammeter and voltmeter and record them.
3. Adjust the rheostat to pass a low current (R=50Ω).
4. Vary the regulated power supply to an appropriate value (Say 30V) in steps, and note
down the current and voltage through the load for each step (voltmeter & ammeter
reading).
5. Take atleast six sets of readings by adjusting the regulated power supply gradually.
6. Reduce the output voltage of the regulated power supply to 0V and switch-off the supply.
7. Plot a graph with V along x-axis and I along y-axis.
8. The graph will be a straight line which verifies Ohm's law.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

MODEL GRAPH:

OBSERVATIONS:

S.NO VOLTAGE(V) CURRENT(A)

RESULT:

PRE LAB QUESTION:

1. State Ohms Law

2. Define Voltage And Current
3. Define Resistance

POST LAB QUESTIONS:

1. Write down the relation between voltage ,current and resistance.

 Experiment-2

VERIFICATION OF KVL AND KCL

OBJECTIVE:

To verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law and Kirchhoff’s Current Law theoretically andpractically

RESOURCES:

Name of the
S. No Range Type Quantity
apparatus

Regulated power
1 (0 – 30)V/2A Digital 01
supply
2 Voltmeter (0-30)V MC 03

3 Ammeter (0-1)A MC 02

4 Ammeter (0-2)A MC 01
10 Ω
5 Rheostat 20 Ω Tubular 01each
30 Ω
Required
6 Connecting wires
number

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Making loose connections are to be avoided.

2. Readings should be taken carefully without parallax error.

PROCEDURE:

1. To verify KVL, Connections are made as shown in the Fig-1

2. Supply is given to the circuit and the readings of the voltmeters are noted down.
3. Kirchhoff’s Voltage law can be verified by V s=V1 +V2+V3.
4. To verify KCL, Connections are made as shown in the Fig-2.
5. Supply is given to the circuit and the readings of the Ammeters are noted down.
6. Kirchhoff’s Current law can be verified by I=I 1+I2.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

For KVL

For KCL

THEORY:

KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW :

This law states that algebraic sum of currents meeting at a junction point is zero.

KIRCHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW:

This law states that algebraic sum of voltage across any closed loop is zero.
OBSERVATIONS:

For KVL

S.No Vs V1 V2 V3 V1+V2+V3

For KCL

S.No I I1 I2 I1 +I2

THEORETICAL CALCULATION:

KVL

Supply voltage=Vs

I=Vs/(R1+R2+R3)

V1=I*R1

V2=I*R2

V3=I*R3
 KCL

Supply voltage =Vs

Total Equivalent resistance Req=R1*R2/(R1+R2)

Total current I=Vs/Req

I1=Total current*R2/(R1+R2)

I2=Total current*R1/(R1+R2)

RESULT:

PRELAB QUESTIONS:

1. State Kirchhoff’s Current Law and Voltage Law

POSTLAB QUESTIONS:

1. Kirchhoff’s Current Law is also called as……

 Experiment-3

TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF SERIES RL AND RC CIRCUITS USING

DC EXCITATION
OBJECTIVE:

Study the transience due to inductors and capacitors using a series RL,RC circuit and
understand the time constant concept.

RESOURCES:

Name of the
S. No Range Type Quantity
apparatus

(0 – 1M)Hz,
1 Signal generator digital 01No
(0-20) VPP
2 Decade inductance Box (0-40mH) ---- 01No
3 DCB 0.1uf 01No
Carbon
4 Rheostat 30  01No
Composition
5 CRO 01No
Required
6 Connecting wires - -
Number

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Making loose connections are to be avoided.

2. Readings should be taken carefully without parallax error.

MODEL GRAPH:
PROCEDURE:

Series RL Circuit:

1. Connections are made as shown in the fig-1.

2. Input voltage (Square wave) is set to a particular value.
3. The waveform of voltage across inductor is observed on CRO and the waveform is
drawn on a graph sheet.
4. The time constant is found from the graph and verified with the theoretical value.
Series RC Circuit:

1. Connections are made as shown in the fig-2.

2. Input voltage (Square wave) is set to a particular value.
3. The waveform of voltage across the capacitor is observed on CRO and the
waveform is drawn on a graph sheet.
4. The time constant is found from the graph and verified with the theoretical value.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:

Series RL circuit Series RC circuit

TABULAR FORM:

Series RL Circuit Series RC Circuit

Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical

Time Constant(τ)
THEORETICAL CALCULATION:

Formulae required:

For RL Series circuit, Time constant,T=L/R

For RC Series circuit, Time constant,T=RC

RESULT:

PRELAB QUESTIONS:

1. What is the time constant for RL series circuit and RC series circuit.

LAB ASSIGNMENT QUESTION:

1. Calculate time constant of RL series circuit with R=10ohm and L=2H.

POSTLAB QUESTION:

1. Derive the expression for transient response of RL Series circuit.

 Experiment -4

TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF RLC SERIES CIRCUIT USING DC

EXCITATION
OBJECTIVE:

Study the transience due to inductors and capacitors using a series RLC circuit and
understand the time constant concept.

RESOURCES:

1. TRAINER KITS

S. No Name of the apparatus Range Type Quantity

(0 – 1M)Hz,
1 Signal generator digital 01No
(0-20) VPP
2 Decade inductance Box (0-40mH) ---- 01No
3 DCB 0.1uf 01No
Carbon
4 Rheostat 30  01No
Composition
5 Multimeter Digital 01No
Required
6 Connecting wires - -
Number

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Making loose connections are to be avoided.

2. Readings should be taken carefully without parallax error.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as shown in the fig-1.

2. Input voltage (Square wave) is set to a particular value.
3. The waveform of voltage across inductor is observed on CRO and the waveform is drawn on a
graph sheet.
4. The time constant is found from the graph and verified with the theoretical value.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

TABULAR FORM:

Series RL Circuit Series RC Circuit

Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical

Time Constant(τ)

MODEL GRAPH:

RESULT:

PRELAB QUESTIONS:
1. What is the time constant for RLC series circuit .
LAB ASSIGNMENT QUESTION:
1. Calculate time constant of RL series circuit with R=10ohm and L=2H.C=.1µF
POSTLAB QUESTION:
1. Derive the expression for transient response of RLC Series circuit
 Experiment-5

RESONANCE IN SERIES RLC CIRCUIT

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the performance of the series and parallel circuit at resonance.

RESOURCES:

S. No Name of the apparatus Range Type Quantity

(0 – 1M)Hz,
1 Signal generator digital 01No
(0-20) VPP
2 Decade inductance Box (0-40mH) ---- 01No
3 DCB 0.1uf 01No
Carbon
4 Rheostat 30  01No
Composition
5 Multimeter Digital 01No
Required
6 Connecting wires - -
Number

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Meter reading should be taken without parallax error.

2. Connection should be made tight.

Series Resonance
 Parallel Resonance

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. By varying the frequency note down the corresponding values of current in both cases

3. At a particular value of frequency the current reaches its Maximum /minimum in

Series/Parallel resonance.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
OBSERVATIONS:

S.NO FREQUNCY I(mA)

1
2
...

THEORITICAL CALCULATIONS:

For Series Resonance circuit:

𝟏
1.Resonant frequency fr = 𝟐𝝅√𝑳𝑪
−𝑹 𝑹 𝟐𝟏
2.Lower cut-off frequency fl= 𝟐𝑳
+ √(𝟐𝑳) + 𝑳𝑪
𝑹 𝑹 𝟐 𝟏
3.Upper cut-off frequency f2 = 𝟐𝑳
+√(𝟐𝑳) + (𝑳𝑪)
4.Band width = f2-f1
𝒘𝟎 𝑳 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝒓.𝑳
5.Quality factor Q = 𝑹
= 𝑹
6.Current at Resonance Io = VRo/R

For parallel Resonance circuit:

1 2
1.Resonant frequency fr = √( 1 ) − (R)
2π LC L

1 R 1 R 2 4
2.Lower cut-off frequency fl= 2π [2L + 2 √(L ) + (LC)]

1 R 1 R 2 4
3.Upper cut-off frequency f2 = 2π [2L + 2 √(L ) + (LC)]
1
4.Band width = Rl
1
5.Quality factor Q = wL =
6.Current at resonance Io

RESULT:
PRE LAB QUESTIONS:-

1. Definition of resonance?

2. Define the series resonance?

3. Define the parallel resonance?

4. Applications of resonance?

5. What is the condition of voltage &current at the resonance condition?

POST LAB QUESTIONS:

1 What is meant by bandwidth?

 Experiment-6

CALCULATIONS AND VERIFICATION OF IMPEDANCE AND

CURRENT OF RL, RC AND RLC SERIES CIRCUITS
OBJECTIVE:

To verify the impedance and current of RL,RC,RLC series circuit

RESOURCES:

S. No Name of the apparatus Range Type Quantity

(0 – 1M)Hz,
1 Signal generator digital 01No
(0-20) VPP
2 Decade inductance Box (0-40mH) ---- 01No
3 DCB 0.1uf 01No
Carbon
4 Rheostat 30  01No
Composition
5 Multimeter Digital 01No
Required
6 Connecting wires - -
Number

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Meter reading should be taken without parallax error.

2. Connection should be made tight.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. By varying the frequency(in Function generator) note down the corresponding values of
current.

3. Calculate XL,XC and Impedance(Z).

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OBSERVATIONS:

S.NO FREQUNCY I(mA) V(V) XL(Ω) XC(Ω) Z(Ω)

1
2
...

THEORITICAL CALCULATIONS:

Impedance Z= V/I

Inductive reactance XL=2πfL

Capacitive reactance XC=1/2πfC

RESULT:

PRE LAB QUESTIONS:

1. Define the series resonance?

2. What is the formula for Inductive reactance

POST LAB QUESTIONS:

1. What is Impedance
 Experiment-7

MEASUREMENT OF VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND REAL POWER IN PRIMARY AND

SECONDARY CIRCUITS OF A SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

OBJECTIVES:

To Measurement of Voltage, Current and Real Power in primary and Secondary Circuits of a Single
Phase Transformer.

RESOURCES:

S. No Name of the apparatus Range Type Quantity

1 Variac (0-230)V 1-Phase 01

2 Transformer 3KVA 1-Phase 01

3 Voltmeter (0-230)V MI 02

4 Ammeter (0-10)A MI 02

5 Wattmeter (0-10A, 0-300V) UPF 02

6 Load 10A R-Load 01

7 Connecting wires --- ---- Required number

PRECAUTIONS:

(1) For the test apply rated load.

(2) All the connections must be tight

MODEL GRAPH:
PROCEDURE:

1. All the connections are done as per the circuit diagram.

2. By using single phase variac apply rated voltage to the circuit.
3. Vary the R-Load to an appropriate value (10A) in steps, and note down the primary and
secondary current voltage and power for each step.
4. Reduce the voltage of the single phase variac power supply to 0V and switch-off the
supply.
5. Plot a graph with primary real power along x-axis and secondary real power along y-axis.

GIVEN CIRCUIT:

OBSERVATIONS:

Vp Ip Wp Vs Is Ws
Volts Amps Watts Volts Amps Watts
RESULT:

Pre Lab Questions

1. .What is regulation of a transformer?
2. What are the different losses in a transformer?
3. What are the different types of transformers
 Experiment-8

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER (CALCULATE

EFFICIENCY AND REGULATION
OBJECTIVES: Load Test on Single Phase Transformer (Calculate Efficiency and Regulation).

RESOURCES:

S. No Name of the apparatus Range Type Quantity

1 Variac (0-230)V 1-Phase 01

2 Transformer 3KVA 1-Phase 01

3 Voltmeter (0-230)V MI 02

4 Ammeter (0-10)A MI 02

5 Wattmeter (0-10A, 0-300V) UPF 02

6 Load 10A L-Load 01

7 Connecting wires --- ---- Required number

PRECAUTIONS:

1. For the test apply rated load.

2. All the connections must be tight

MODEL GRAPH:
PROCEDURE:

1. All the connections are done as per the circuit diagram.

2. By using single phase variac apply rated voltage to the circuit.
3. Vary the L-Load to an appropriate value (10A) in steps, and note down the primary and
secondary current voltage and power for each step.
4. Reduce the voltage of the single phase variac power supply to 0V and switch-off the
supply.
5. Plot a graph with primary real power along x-axis and secondary real power along y-axis.

GIVEN CIRCUIT:

THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS:

𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
ή= ∗ 100
(𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟)

Regulation = {(E2 – v2) / E2 } * 100

OBSERVATIONS:

Vp Ip Wp Vs Is Ws
Volts Amps Watts Volts Amps Watts

RESULT:

Pre Lab Questions:

1. .What is regulation of a transformer?

2. What are the different losses in a transformer?
3. What are the different types of transformers
 Experiment-9
Three Phase Transformer: Verification of Relationship between Voltages
and Currents (Star-Delta, Delta-Delta, Delta-star, Star-Star)
OBJECTIVES:

Three Phase Transformer: Verification of Relationship between Voltages and Currents (Star-
Delta, Delta-Delta, Delta-star, Star-Star)

RESOURCES:

S. No Name of the apparatus Range Type Quantity

1 Variac (0-470)V 3-Phase 01

2 Voltmeter (0-600)V MI 02

3 Ammeter (0-10)A MI 02

4 Transformer 3KVA 3-Phase 01

5 Load 10A 3-Phase R-load 01

6 Connecting wires --- ---- Required number

PRECAUTIONS:

(1) Before Switch on the supply please check 3 phase variac in zero position.
(2) For the test apply rated load.
(3) All the connections must be tight.

PROCEDURE:

1. All the connections are done as per the circuit diagram for star-star connected transformer.
2. Before closing TPST switch, check the 3 phase variac in minimum position.
3. By using 3 phase variac apply rated voltage to the circuit.
4. Vary the R-Load to an appropriate value (10A) in steps, and note down the primary and
secondary current and voltage for each step.
5. Reduce the voltage of the 3 phase variac power supply to 0V and switch-off the supply.
6. Again connect the circuit for Delta-Delta connected transformer and follow the 2,3,4 and 5
stapes.
7. Again connect the circuit for Delta- star connected transformer and follow the 2,3,4 and 5
stapes.
8. Again connect the circuit for star -Delta connected transformer and follow the 2,3,4 and 5
stapes.
GIVEN CIRCUIT:
OBSERVATIONS:

Star- Star

Primary Voltage Primary Current Secondary Voltage Secondary Current

SNO.
V (in Volts) I (in amps) V (in Volts) I (in amps)

Delta-Delta

Primary Voltage Primary Current Secondary Voltage Secondary Current

SNO.
V (in Volts) I (in amps) V (in Volts) I (in amps)

Delta-star

Primary Voltage Primary Current Secondary Voltage Secondary Current

SNO.
V (in Volts) I (in amps) V (in Volts) I (in amps)

Star- Delta

Primary Voltage Primary Current Secondary Voltage Secondary Current

SNO.
V (in Volts) I (in amps) V (in Volts) I (in amps)

2
RESULT:

Pre Lab Questions:

1. .What is regulation of a transformer?

2. What are the different losses in a transformer?
3. What are the different types of transformers
 Experiment-10
MEASUREMENT OF ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER IN A BALANCED
THREE-PHASE CIRCUIT

OBJECTIVES:

Measurement of Active and Reactive Power in a balanced Three-phase circuit

RESOURCES:

S. No Name of the apparatus Range Type Quantity

1 Variac (0-470)V 3-Phase 01

2 Voltmeter (0-600)V MI 01

3 Ammeter (0-10)A MI 01

4 Wattmeter (0-10A, 0-600V) UPF 01

5 Load 10A 3-Phase L-load 01

6 Connecting wires --- ---- Required number

PRECAUTIONS:

(1) Before Switch on the supply please check 3 phase variac in zero position.
(2) For the test apply rated load.
(3) All the connections must be tight.

PROCEDURE:

1. All the connections are done as per the circuit diagram.

2. Before closing TPST switch, heck the 3 phase variac in minimum position.
3. By using 3 phase variac apply rated voltage to the circuit.
4. Vary the R-Load to an appropriate value (10A) in steps, and note down the current,
voltage and power for each step.
5. Reduce the voltage of the 3 phase variac power supply to 0V and switch-off the supply
GIVEN CIRCUIT:

OBSERVATIONS:

VOLTAGE CURRENT Wattmeter

SNO. W(wats)
V (in Volts) I (in amps)

RESULT:

Pre Lab Questions:

1. What is regulation of a transformer?

2. What are the different losses in a transformer?
3. What are the different types of transformers
 Experiment-11(A)

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF EXCITED DC SHUNT MOTOR

OBJECTIVES:

To conduct brake test on dc shunt motor and draw its performance characteristics.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

TYPE DC Shunt Motor

Voltage

Current

Power

Speed

RESOURCES:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 Voltmeter 0 – 300V M.C 1
2 Ammeter 0 – 30 A M.C 1
3 Rheostat
4 Tachometer 1
5 Connecting
Wires

THEORY:

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure

2. Close the DPST Switch and start the motor by using starter.
3. Bring the motor to its rated speed, by adjusting field rheostat.
4. The readings are taken at no load i.e the speed of the motor, Volt meter and Ammeter.
5. Increase the load in steps to full load current and note down the readings of spring
balance, speed, voltage and current at each step of increase.
6. Calculate the radius of the drum by measuring the circumference of the drum.
7. Calculate the torque, output, input, and efficiency as per the tabular column.
8. Draw the graphs of efficiency, line current, torque, speed against output (Electrical
characteristics) and speed versus torque (mechanical characteristics).
 OBSERVATIONS:

S. No Voltage Current Speed Torque Input Output Efficiency

(V) (I) (N) Load S1–S2 * V*I 𝟐𝛑𝐍𝐓
= 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭
rpm Radius of the (In 𝟔𝟎 = X
𝐈𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭
S1 S2 S1–S2 Pully (in Watts)
100
meters) *
9.81

EXPECTED GRAPH:

RESULT:
 Experiment-11(B)

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF EXCITED DC

COMPOUND MOTOR
OBJECTIVES:

To conduct brake test on dc compound motor and draw its performance characteristics.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

TYPE DC Compound Motor

Voltage

Current

Power

Speed

RESOURCES:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 Voltmeter 0 – 300V M.C 1
2 Ammeter 0 – 30 A M.C 1
3 Rheostats 570Ω/1.8A
4 Tachometer 1
5 Connecting
Wires

THEORY:

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure

2. Close the DPST Switch and start the motor by using starter.
3. Bring the motor to its rated speed, by adjusting field rheostat.
4. The readings are taken at no load i.e the speed of the motor, Volt meter and Ammeter.
5. Increase the load in steps to full load current and note down the readings of spring
balance, speed, voltage and current at each step of increase.
6. Calculate the radius of the drum by measuring the circumference of the drum.
7. Calculate the torque, output, input, and efficiency as per the tabular column.
8. Draw the graphs of efficiency, line current, torque, speed against output (Electrical
characteristics) and speed versus torque (mechanical characteristics).
 OBSERVATIONS:

S. No Voltage Current Speed Torque = Input Outpu Efficiency

(V) (I) (N) Load (S1–S2 )* VXI t
rpm Radius of (In 𝟐𝛑𝐍𝐓 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭
= =
S1 S2 S1–S2 the Pully Watts) 𝟔𝟎 𝐈𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭
(in meters)
* 9.81

EXPECTED GRAPH:

RESULT:
 Experiment-12(A)

SPEED TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF EXCITED DC SHUNT MOTOR

OBJECTIVES:

To conduct brake test on dc shunt motor and draw its speed - torque characteristics.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

TYPE DC Shunt Motor

Voltage
Current
Power
Speed

RESOURCES:
S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity
1 Voltmeter 0 – 300V M.C 1
2 Ammeter 0 – 30 A M.C 1
3 Rheostats
4 Tachometer 1
5 Connecting Wires

THEORY:

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure

2. Close the DPST Switch and start the motor by using starter.
3. Bring the motor to its rated speed, by adjusting field rheostat.
4. The readings are taken at no load i.e the speed of the motor, Volt meter and Ammeter.
5. Increase the load in steps to full load current and note down the readings of spring
balance, speed, voltage and current at each step of increase.
6. Calculate the radius of the drum by measuring the circumference of the drum.
7. Calculate the torque, output, input, and efficiency as per the tabular column.
8. Draw the graphs of efficiency, line current, torque, speed against output (Electrical
characteristics) and speed versus torque (mechanical characteristics).
 OBSERVATIONS:

S. No Voltage Current Speed Torque

(V) (I) (N) rpm Load (S1–S2) X
Radius of the
S1 S2 S1–S2 Pulley (in
meters) X 9.81

EXPECTED GRAPH:

RESULT:
 Experiment-12(B)

SPEED – TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF EXCITED DC COMPOUND

MOTOR

OBJECTIVES:

To conduct brake test on dc compound motor and draw its speed - torque characteristics.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

TYPE DC Compound Motor

Voltage

Current

Power

Speed

RESOURCES:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 Voltmeter 0 – 300V M.C 1
2 Ammeter 0 – 30 A M.C 1
3 Rheostats 570Ω/1.8A
4 Tachometer 1
5 Connecting
Wires

THEORY:

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure

2. Close the DPST Switch and start the motor by using starter.
3. Bring the motor to its rated speed, by adjusting field rheostat.
4. The readings are taken at no load i.e the speed of the motor, Volt meter and Ammeter.
5. Increase the load in steps to full load current and note down the readings of spring
balance, speed, voltage and current at each step of increase.
6. Calculate the radius of the drum by measuring the circumference of the drum.
7. Calculate the torque, output, input, and efficiency as per the tabular column.
8. Draw the graphs of efficiency, line current, torque, speed against output (Electrical
characteristics) and speed versus torque (mechanical characteristics).
 OBSERVATIONS:

S. No Voltage Current Speed Torque

(V) (I) (N) rpm Load (W1–W2) X
Radius of the
W1 W2 W1–W2 Pulley (in
meters) X 9.81

EXPECTED GRAPH:

RESULT:
 Experiment-13

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A 3- INDUCTION MOTOR

OBJECTIVES:

To obtain the performance characteristics of a 3-Phase squirrel cage induction motor by

conducting brake test.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

3-Ф Induction Motor

Power

Voltage

Current

Speed

RESOURCES:

S.No. Item Type Range Quantity

1 Ammeter (M.I) 0 – 10 A 1 No
2 Voltmeter (M.I) 0 – 600 Volts 1 No
3 3Ф Wattmeter U.P.F 0 –600 Volts/10 A 1 No
4 3  Variac 0 –440 Volts 1 No

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Start the 3-Φ IM using three phase autotransformer.
3. Note down all meters reading and the speed at no load.
4. Apply mechanical load by tightening the belt on the brake drum and note down the
readings of the meters, spring balances, and the speed.
5. Repeat the above step-4 until the motor draws full load current.
6. Calculate the torque, slip, output, efficiency and power factor for each set of readings as
per the model calculations.
7. Draw the performance curves of o/p Vs , T, N, Ia, and P.f on one graph sheet.
 MODEL CALCULATION:

Power input (PI) = Wattmeter reading x multiplying factor.

Torque, 𝑇 = 𝑊 × 𝑔 × 𝑟 N-m

Where ‘r’ is the radius of the brake drum.

2NT
Where output 𝑃0 = Watts.
60

𝑁𝑆 −𝑁
% Slip, 𝑆 = × 100
60

𝑃𝑖
Power Factor cos 𝛷 =
√3×𝑉𝐿 ×𝐼𝐿

EXPECTED CURVES:

I
P
I L
f
L
η
N

P
f

η
OBSERVATIONS:

S. No Voltage N
Current Speed Torque = Input Output Efficiency
(VL) (IL) (N) Load W1–W2 X power= 𝟐𝛑𝐍𝐓
= 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭
rpm Radius of the (In 𝟔𝟎
=
W1 W2 W1–W2 Pully (in Watts) 𝐈𝐧𝐩𝐮𝐭
meters) X
9.81

RESULT:
 Experiment-14
TORQUE- SPEED CHARACTERISTICS OF A 3- INDUCTION MOTOR

OBJECTIVES:

To obtain the torque speed characteristics of a 3-Phase squirrel cage induction motor by
conducting brake test.

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

3-Ф Induction Motor

Power

Voltage

Current

Speed

RESOURCES:

S.No. Item Type Range Quantity

1 Ammeter (M.I) 0 – 10 A 1 No
2 Voltmeter (M.I) 0 – 600 Volts 1 No
3 3Ф Wattmeter U.P.F 0 –600 Volts/10 A 1 No
4 3  Variac 0 –440 Volts 1 No

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Start the 3-Φ IM using three phase autotransformer.
3. Note down all meters reading and the speed at no load.
4. Apply mechanical load by tightening the belt on the brake drum and note down the
readings of the meters, spring balances, and the speed.
5. Repeat the above step-4 until the motor draws full load current.
6. Calculate the torque, slip, output, efficiency and power factor for each set of readings as
per the model calculations.
7. Draw the performance curves of o/p Vs , T, N, Ia, and P.f on one graph sheet.
MODEL CALCULATION:

Power input (PI) = Wattmeter reading x multiplying factor.

Torque, 𝑇 = 𝑊 × 𝑔 × 𝑟 N-m

Where ‘r’ is the radius of the break drum.

2NT
Where output 𝑃0 = Watts.
60

𝑁𝑆 −𝑁
% Slip, 𝑆 = × 100
60

𝑃𝑖
Power Factor cos 𝛷 =
√3×𝑉𝐿 ×𝐼𝐿

EXPECTED CURVES:

OBSERVATIONS:

S. No Voltage Current Speed Torque =

(VL) (IL) (N) rpm Load (W1–W2) X Radius of
the Pulley (in meters) X
S1 S2 S1–S2 9.81

RESULT:
 Experiment-15

NO LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF A THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR

OBJECTIVES: To draw the open circuit characteristics of an alternator .

NAME PLATE DETAILS:

DC MOTOR 3-Ф ALTERNATOR

POWER

CURRENT
VOLTAGE
SPEED

RESOURCES:

S.NO ITEM RANGE TYPE QUANTITY

1 Voltmeter 0–600 V MI 1
2 Ammeter 0–5 A MI 1
3 Ammeter 0–2 A MC 1
4 Rheostat 0–570 Ω/1.2 A 1
5 Rheostat 0–570 Ω/1.2 A 1
6 Tachometer 1

PROCEDURE:

1. Note down the name plate details of the motor and alternator.
2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
3. Switch ON the supply by closing the DPST switch.
4. Using the Three point starter, start the motor to run at the synchronous speed by
adjusting the motor field rheostat.
5. Conduct Open Circuit test by varying the potential divider for various values of field
current and tabulate the corresponding Open Circuit Voltage readings.
MODEL GRAPH:

OBSERVATIONS:

Field current If Voltage (Eg )

In amps In volts

RESULT:

Pre Lab Questions:

1.Define regulation of an alternator

2.Why emf method is called as pessimistic metrhod
3.What is the disadvantage of emf method