Chapter 3: Gases - Important MCQs and Summaries

1. Avogadro's Number
Summary:
Avogadro's hypothesis states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same
temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules. Avogadro's number
(6.022 x 10^23) is the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in one mole of a
substance.

MCQs:
1. Avogadro's number is:
a) 6.022 x 10^22
b) 6.022 x 10^23
c) 6.022 x 10^24
d) 6.022 x 10^25
2. According to Avogadro's hypothesis, equal volumes of gases under the same
conditions of temperature and pressure contain:
a) Equal masses
b) Equal number of molecules
c) Equal densities
d) Equal pressures

2. Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

Summary:
Dalton's law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reacting
gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. This
law is useful for calculating the pressure of a gas collected over water.

MCQs:
1. Dalton's law of partial pressure is applicable to:
a) Non-reacting gases
b) Reacting gases
c) Liquids
d) Solids
2. The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture is the pressure that the gas would
exert if it:
a) Occupied a different volume
b) Occupied the same volume
c) Occupied zero volume
d) None of these

3. Applications of Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

Summary:
Applications include calculating the partial pressures of gases in a mixture and
gases collected over water, where the vapor pressure of water must be subtracted
from the total pressure to find the pressure of the dry gas.

MCQs:
1. A gas is collected over water at 25°C. The total pressure is 760 mmHg and the
vapor pressure of water at 25°C is 23.8 mmHg. The partial pressure of the dry gas
is:
a) 760 mmHg
b) 736.2 mmHg
c) 783.8 mmHg
d) 700 mmHg
2. If the total pressure of a gas mixture is 800 mmHg and the partial pressure of
one of the gases is 500 mmHg, the partial pressure of the other gas is:
a) 300 mmHg
 b) 500 mmHg
c) 800 mmHg
d) 1000 mmHg

4. Diffusion and Effusion

Summary:
Diffusion is the process by which gas molecules spread from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration. Effusion is the process by which gas
molecules escape through a tiny hole into a vacuum.

MCQs:
1. Diffusion is the process of:
a) Gas molecules spreading from low to high concentration
b) Gas molecules spreading from high to low concentration
c) Liquid molecules spreading from high to low concentration
d) Solid molecules spreading from high to low concentration
2. Effusion is the process of:
a) Gas molecules escaping through a tiny hole into a vacuum
b) Liquid molecules escaping through a tiny hole
c) Solid molecules escaping through a tiny hole
d) None of these

5. Graham's Law of Diffusion and Effusion

Summary:
Graham's law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to
the square root of its molar mass. This law can be used to compare the rates of
diffusion or effusion of different gases.

MCQs:
1. According to Graham's law, the rate of effusion of a gas is:
a) Directly proportional to the square root of its molar mass
b) Inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass
c) Directly proportional to its molar mass
d) Inversely proportional to its molar mass
2. If the molar mass of gas A is 4 times that of gas B, the rate of effusion of gas
B compared to gas A is:
a) 2 times faster
b) 4 times faster
c) 1/2 times faster
d) 1/4 times faster

6. Demonstration of Graham's Law

Summary:
Graham's law can be demonstrated by comparing the rates of diffusion or effusion of
two gases. For example, hydrogen gas will effuse faster than oxygen gas due to its
lower molar mass.

MCQs:
1. Which gas will effuse faster according to Graham's law?
a) Hydrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Sulfur dioxide
2. The rate of diffusion of nitrogen gas (N2) compared to oxygen gas (O2) is:
a) Higher
b) Lower
c) Same
d) Cannot be determined
7. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Summary:
The kinetic molecular theory explains the properties of gases in terms of the
motion of their molecules. Key assumptions include that gas molecules are in
constant, random motion and that collisions between molecules are perfectly
elastic.

MCQs:
1. According to the kinetic molecular theory, gas molecules are in:
a) Constant, random motion
b) Fixed positions
c) Regular patterns
d) None of these
2. The collisions between gas molecules are considered to be:
a) Inelastic
b) Perfectly elastic
c) Partially elastic
d) None of these

8. Explanation of Gas Laws from Kinetic Molecular Theory

Summary:
Gas laws such as Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Avogadro's law can be explained
using the kinetic molecular theory. For example, Boyle's law can be explained by
the increased frequency of collisions when the volume of a gas decreases.

MCQs:
1. Boyle's law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its
pressure at constant:
a) Temperature
b) Volume
c) Mass
d) Density
2. Charles's law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its
temperature at constant:
a) Pressure
b) Volume
c) Mass
d) Density