CQPPTest-2MainsSoloutions-1679900088565

IES MASTER
Institute for Engineers (IES/GATE/PSUs)
Sl. No. 02 ABCDEF(M)

Civil Engineering
Conventional Test - 02
26th March 2023
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
SECTION - A
1. (a) Due to applied moment of + 4,000 × 1 = + 4,000 Nm. at centre of BC, fixed end moments,
M 4000
MBC  MCB   = + = + 1000 N-m.
4 4
MCD = –2000 × 3 = – 6000 N-m.
Distribution factors at B are
I
k AB 8 1 1
rBA   
3 I 3 I 2 rBC  2
k AB  k BC  
4 8 4 6
Process of moment distribution is shown in Table.
B C
A 0.5 0.5 1 0 D
0 0 1000 1000 –6000 0 FEM
5000 Balancing
2500 C/o
0 0 3500 6000 –6000 0 Total
–1750 –1750 Balancing
–875 C/o
–875 –1750 1750 6000 –6000 0 Final moments
(2) CE (Test-02), ESE Conventional Test Solutions, 26th March 2023
1750
A C
D
B
875
BMD (Nm)
6000
1. (b) Let the stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 be named as station A,B,C,D,E and F respectively, for convenience.
Let the length of the sides of square ABCD be a (= 4 km). Then the length of each side of the
equilateral triangular plot will be also a. Now for the triangular plot, draw perpendicular bisectors
Aa, Dd and Ee, so that they meet in point g. Similarly draw the perpendicular bisectors eb, bc,
cf and fe of the lines FA, FB, FC and FD respectively, shown in figure.
A(1) b B(2)
d
E F
e c
(5) g (6)
a
D(4) f C(3)
Evidently, station F (or station 6) will be fed by the rectangular area, bcfe, where length of its
1 1
side, say bc will be equal to AC = 2 a = a / 2.
2 2
2
a a a2  4 
Hence area bcfe = A 6 = × = = = 8 km2
2 2 2 2
Then each of the corner stations, say station A, will be fed by triangular area Abe and sectorial
area Adge.
1 a  2 a  a2
Triangular area Abe =   =
2 2  4  8
1 1 1 3 a2
Sectorial area Adge = area of triangle ADE = × a × a=
3 3 2 2 4 3
Hence station A will be fed by area = area Abe + area Adge
a2 a2  4 2  4 2
= + = + = 4.3094km2
8 4 3 8 4 3
Hence, A1 = A4 = 4.3094 km 2 ...(ii)
a2
Also station E will be fed by sectorial area Edga = area Adge =
4 3
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CE (Test-02), ESE Conventional Test Solutions, 26th March 2023 (3)
a2  4 2
Hence A5 = = = 2.3094km2 ...(iii)
4 3 4 3
2
a2  4 
Station B will be fed by area bcB = area Abe = = = 2km2
8 8
 4 2
 A6 = = 8km 2
2
P1A1 + P2 A 2 + ....P6 A 6
Hence Pav =
A1 + A 2 + ....A 6
4.8 × 4.3094 +13.0 × 2 + 8.0 × 2 + 5.4 × 4.3094 + 3.2× 2.3094 + 9.4 × 8
= = 7.35 cm
4.3094 + 2 + 2 + 4.3094 + 2.3094 + 8
1. (c) (i) (i) Degree of redundancy for pin jointed plane frames (trusses):
• Degree of external redundancy:
Let r = number of roller supports
n = number of double reaction hinged supports
n = number of single reaction hinged supports.

Degree of external redundancy;
= r  2n  n  3
• Degree of internal redundancy:
Let n = no. of members provided
n0 = least number of members needed for stability
 Degree of internal redundancy = n – n 0 = n – [2j – 3]
where j = total number of joints
Degree of redunndancy for rigid frames:-
D = 3m  re  3(j  j) where
m = no. of members
re = Number of joints
j = Total number of joints
j = Total number of hybrid joints.

1. (c) (ii) Methods of analysis of statically indeterminate structures:-
Principle of least work (second theorem of castigliano’s): In any and every case of statical
indetermination wherein, an in definite number of different values of redundant forces satisfy the
conditions of statically equilibrium, their actual values are given by those that render the total strain
energy stored is minimum.
In general, the strain energy stored by a structure subjected to bending or axial loading is given by;
M2ds s2L
U =  2EI  2AE

M = bending moment at any section

S = Axial force in any member.
U
  0 is condition for minimum value of U and x is the unknown redundant.
x
Moment distribution Method: It is a structural analysis method for statically indeterminate beams and
frames developed by Hardy Gross.
It only accounts for flexural effects and ignores axial and shear effects. In the moment distribution method,
every joint of structure to be analysed is fixed so as to develop the fixed ene moments. Then each fixed end
moment is sequentially released and the fixed end moments are distributed to adjacent members untill
equilibrium is achieved. The moment distribution in mathematical terms can be demovistracted as the
process of solving a set of simultaneous equations by means of iteration. It falls into category of displacement
method of structural analysis.
1. (d) Let R1, R2 and R3 are the reaction in spring-1, spring-2 and spring-3 respectively.
x
P
A B C
Spring(1) Spring(2) Spring(3)
Given that wire diameter is same in all the direction, d1 = d2 = d3

Mean coil diameter ratio, D1 : D2 : D3 = 1 : 1.2 : 1.4
Number of turns in spring – 1, n1 = 10, Number of turns in spring – 2, n2 = 12, Number of turns in spring
– 3 n3 = 15.
Using vertical force equilibrium equation,
R1 + R2 + R3 = P …(i)
Since the stiff bar remains horizontal. So deflection of the springs will be same,
1 = 2  3
8R1D13 n1 8R2D23n2 8R3D33n3

= 
Gd14 Gd24 Gd34
R1D13n1 = R2D23n2 = R3D33n3 ( G & d are same)
3
 D2   n2 
Taking Ist and IInd term, R1 = R2     = R2(1.2)3(1.2) = 2.074R2
 D1   n1 
R2 = 0.48R1
3
 D3   n3  3
Taking Ist and IIIrd term, R1 = R3  D   n   R3 (1.4) (1.5)
 1  1
R3 = 0.243R1
Put the value of R2 and R3 in equation (i)
R1 + 0.48R1 + 0.243R1 = P
R1 = 0.58P
So, R2 = 0.28P
R3 = 0.14P
Take moment about point A, x.P = R2 ×  + R3 × 2 = (0.28P) ×  + (0.14P) × 2
x = 0.56 
1. (e) Let the equation for the I.C curve be, f  fc  (f0  fc )eKt
In this equation, the infiltration capacity reaches a constant value equal to f c = 1.0.
The curve is given by f = 1 + 9.4 e -kt
Time in hours 0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
f in cm / hr 10.4 5.6 3.2 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0
f  fc 9.4 4.6 2.2 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0. 0
1  8  1
 n  2.859 2.905 2.861 2.934 3.08 3.029  
t 9.4
We will calculate value of k obtained from different data and average it to find it’s actual value.
From the equation f – 1 = 9.4 e-kt
1  f  1
 k =  n  
t  9.4 
Average value of k = 2.944/hour

Hence, the equation for I.C.C. is given by
f = 1 + 9.4 e-2.944t
2. (a) A support is assumed at ‘C’, which will deflect say by ‘  ’. Since the reaction at C will be zero,
CA  CB  C .
θ A = 0, θB = 0
 3  8I  9  24EI  9 
MAC  2Ek AC  2 A  C   = 2E  C  2l  = C  2l 
 2l 3  2l 3   l  
8I  3  24EI  9 
MCA = 2E  2C  A  =  2C 
2l 3  2l 3  l  2l 
I  3  6EI  9 
MCB = 2E  2C  B  =  2C 
l3 l 3 l  l 
I  3  6EI  9 
MBC = 2E  2B  C  =  C 
l3 l 3 l  l 
For equilibrium the sum of moments at C is 6 kNm.

Now MCA + MCB = 6
24EI  9  6EI  9 
 2C   2C  6
l  2l  l  l 
60EIC 54EI
 2 6
l l
54 6l
60C  
l EI
9 l
 10 C   ..........(1)
l EI
MCA  MAC 3  24EI  9  24EI  9   3  72EI C 216EI 

FCA     2C     C   = 
2l 3 2l  l  2l  l  2l   2l  l l2


MAC MCA
A C
2l
/
3
FAC (a) FCA
 MCB  MBC  3  6EI  9  6EI  9  3 18EIC 108EI 

F CB =      2C    C   =  l   
 l3  l  l  l  l  l   l l2 
RC = F CA + F CB = 0
MCB MBC
C B
l
/
3
FCB (b) FBC
3  72EIC 216EI  3 18EIC 108EI 

 2l    l   0
 l l2   l l2 
108EI 108EI
36EIC   18EIC  0
l l
216
18C  0
l
12
C  ..............(2)
l
Substituting the value of C in equation (1),
120 9 l
 
l l EI
l2
 
111EI
12l
 C 
111EI
24EI  9  24EI  12l 9l2  24 12  15 180


l 111EI 2  111EIl  = 2  111
MAC   C   =   24  9  = =  1.621 kNm.
l  2l  111 111
MCA = 4.216 kN – m
6EI  9  6EI  12l 9l2  6  21 126

MBC =  C   =   =   1.135 kN.m
l  l  l  111EI 111EIl  111 111
MCB = 1.783 kN – m
The bending moment diagram is drawn inFig. (b)
4.216 kN.m
–
– –
– – – 1.135
– – kN.m
1.621 + +
+ +
kN.m
1.784 kN.m
(b)
2. (b)
Mass of mould
2925 3095 3150 3125 3070
+ wet soil (g)
Water content
10.0 12.0 14.3 16.1 18.2
(%)
Wet soil (g) 1925 2095 2150 2125 2070
Volume of mould = 1000 ml = 1.0 × 10 –3 m 3
and specific gravity of solids = 2.70
Bulk density
1925 2095 2150 2125 2070
() (kg/m3 )
Dry density
1750 1870.53 1881 1830.32 1751.27
(d ) (kg/m3 )
zero air
void line
2100
2050
Dry density (in kg/m )3
2000
1950 Maximum Dry
Density Dry
1900
1850
1800
1750 OMC
1700
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Water Content (in %)
G w wG
 d = and e 
1 e S
G w
 d =
wG
1
S
 OMC = 13.3%, (d )max = 1890 kg/m 3 (from graph)
2.7  1000 0.133  2.7 2.7  1000

 1890 =  1   S  0.838
0.133  2.7 S 1890
1
S
= 83.8%
 degree of saturation at (  d )max = 83.8%
G w
Again  d =
1  (wG / S)
For zero air avoids, define of saturation, S = 100
Gw
 d =
1  (wG)
For S = 100%
Water content (w)% 10 12 14.3 16.1 18.2
Dry density (d ) (kg/m3 ) 2126 2039.3 197.91 1881.93 1810.38
2. (c) (i) In a time interval t, the water budget for the reservoir can be written as
Input volume – Output volume = Change in storage of the reservoir
 It  PA   Qt  EA   S A   S
where I = Average rate of inflow of water into the reservoir

Q = Average rate of outflow from the reservoir
P = Precipitation
E = Evaporation
A = Average surface area of the reservoir
 s = Seepage
and S = Change in storage volume of the reservoir
 In one month,
3
Inflow volume = It  0.5  30  15 Mm
2.5
Outflow due to seepage loss  s =  1375  104
100
= 0.34375 Mm3
18.5
Input due to precipitation = PA =  1375  104
100
= 2.544 Mm3
9.5
Outflow due to evaporation = EA =  1375  104
100
= 1.306 Mm3
1375  104
 S = 0.75  Mm3
106
= –10.3125 Mm3
 Q t = 15 + 2.544 – 1.306 – 0.34375 – (–10.3125)
= 26.20675 Mm3
26.20675  106 3
Q = m /s
30  86400
= 10.11 m3/s
2. (c) (ii) First we find the normal annual rainfalls at stations X, A, B and C
121.0  95.0  .......  50.3  34.8 516
Nx = = = 73.71 cm
7 7
57.7  108.3  ..........  46.1  47.6 510.5
NA = = = 63.81 cm
8 8
63  100.9  ............  62.5  52.0 572.5
NB = = = 71.56 cm
8 8
44.2  95.1  ..........  40.3  30.1 497.8
NC = = = 62.23 cm
8 8
Arithmetic mean method: If the normal annual rainfall at A, B and C are to be within 10% of the normal
annual rainfall at X, they must lie within 0.9 Nx to 1.1 Nx. That is between 66.34 and 81.08 cm. As we
notice, NA and NB are not within this range. Therefore, this method can not be applied to this problem.
Normal ratio method: According to this method, the missing precipitation Px is given by
1  Nx Nx Nx 
Px = 3 PA N  PB N  PC N 
 A B C
1 73.71 73.71 73.71 

= 57.7   63   44.2 
3  63.81 71.56 62.23 
1
= 66.65  64.89  52.35 = 183.89 = 61.3 cm
3 3
3. (a) Since the loading is evenly distributed, the central gable arch supports a loading acting on the walls
and roof of the dark - shaded tributary area. This represents a uniform distributed load of (15 kN/
m 2) (4m) = 60 kN/m on the windward side and (5 kN/m 2) (4m) = 20 kN/m on the suction side, figure
(b)
B
60 kN/m 20 kN/m
3m
60 kN/m 20 kN/m 3m
A C
3m 3m
(b)
Free-Body diagrams: Samplifying the distributed loadings, the free-body diagrams of the entire
frame and each of its parts are shown in figure. (c)
B Bx Bx B
254.6 kN 84.9 kN 254.6 kN 2.12 m 84.9 kN
45° 45° 45° By 45°
By
4.5 m
3m
180 kN
60 kN 180 kN 60 kN
1.5 m 1.5 m
Ax Cx Ax Cx
A 3m C A C
Ay 1.5 m 1.5 m
Cy 1.5 m 1.5 m
Ay Cy
(c)
Equations of Equilibrium: Simultaneous solution of equations is avoided by applying the
equilibrium equations in the following sequence using previously computed results.
Entire Frame:
+MA = 0; – (180 + 60) (1.5) – (254.6 + 84.9) cos 45° (4.5)
– (254.6 sin 45°) (1.5) + (84.9 sin 45°) (4.5) + C y(6) = 0

Cy = 240.0 kN
+  Fy = 0; – A y – 254.6 sin 45 + 84.9 sin 45 = 0
Ay = 120.0 kN
Member AB:
+MB = 0; – Ax(6) + 120.0(3) + 180(4.5) + 254.6(2.12) = 0
Ax = 285.0 kN
+
 Fx = 0; – 285.0 + 180 + 254.6 cos 45° – B x = 0
Bx = 75.0 kN
+  Fy = 0; – 120.0 – 254.6 sin 45° + B y = 0
By = 300.0 kN
+
Member CB:  Fx = 0; –Cx + 60 + 84.9 cos 45° + 75.0 = 0
Cx = 195.0 kN
The problem can also be solved by applying the six equations of equilibrium only to the two
members. If this is done, it is best to first sum moments about point A on member AB, then point
C on member CB. By doing this one obtains two equations to be solved simultaneously for
Bx and By.
3. (b) The p.d.f. has to satisfy the condition that

 f  x  dx = 1
–
In the present case, we have

6 12 2
 k  x 2  dx +  k 12 – x  dx = 1
0 6
6 12
 x3   12 – x 3 
k  –k  = 1
 3 0  3 6
72k + 72k = 1
1
or k =
144
The C.D.F. is given by
x
F(x) =  f  x   dx
–
In the present case, we have

x 1 2 x3
F(x) =  x  dx = for 0  x  6
0 144 432
1
6 x 1
and F(x) =   x2  dx +  12 – u 2 du
0 144 6 144
1  12 – x 3 
= 0.5 + 72 –  for 6  x 12
144  3 
4
(i) P 0  X  4  =  f  x  dx
0
1 4 2
x  dx = 0.148
144 0
=
12
(ii) P  X  8 =  f  x   dx
8
1 12
12 – x 2  dx = 0.148
144 8
=
7
(iii) P 5  X  7  =  f  x   dx
5
1 6 7 1
=  x 2  dx + 
 12 – x  2 dx
144 5 6 144
= 0.21065 + 0.21065 = 0.4213
From the above results it can be interpreted that if we observe 100 monsoon storms, about 15 of
them will last for less than 4h, another 15 of them will have duration of more than 8h, and about
42 of them will have duration between 5h and 7h.
The probabilities of the above events can also be worked out from the C.D.F. as follows.
43
(i) P  0  X  4 = F  4  = = 0.148
432
(ii) P  X  8 = 1– P 0  X  8  = 1– F  8 
 1  12 – 8 3  
= 1– 0.5 + 72 – 
 144  3 
= 1 – [0.5 + 0.3518] = 0.148
(iii) P 5  X  7 = F(7) – F(5)
 1  12 – 7 3  53
= 0.5 + 72 –  –
 144  3  432
= [0.5 + 0.21065] – 0.28935 = 0.4213
3. (c) Given:
Internal dia. = 160 mm
160
 Internal radius, r1 = = 80mm
2
Internal pressure = 8 N/mm 2
This means at x = 80 mm, px = 8 N/mm 2
Maximum hoop stress, x = 35 N/mm 2
The maximum hoop stress is at the inner radius of the shell.
Let r2 = External radius.
The radial pressure and hoop stress at any radius x are given equations and as
b
px = –a ...(i)
x2
b
and x = +a ...(ii)
x2
Let us now apply the boundary conditions. The boundary conditions are:
at x = 80 mm, px = 8 N/mm 2 and  x = 35 N/mm2
Substituting x = 80 mm and p x = 8 N/mm 2 in equation (i), we get

b b
8 = –a= –a ...(iii)
802 6400
Substituting x = 80 mm and  x = 35N/mm2 in equation (ii), we get
b b
35 = 2
+a = +a ...(iv)
80 6400
Subtracting equation (iii) from equation (iv), we get
27
27 = 2a or a = = 13.5
2
Substituting the value of a in equation (iii), we get
b
8 = – 13.5
6400
or b = (8 + 13.5) × 6400 = 21.5 × 6400
Substituting the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ in equation (i),
21.5 × 6400
px = – 13.5
x2
But at the outer surface, the pressure is zero. Hence at x = r 2, px = 0. Substituting these values
in the above equation, we get
21.5 × 6400
0 = – 13.5
r22
21.5 × 6400 21.5 × 6400

or r22 = or r2 = = 100.96 mm
13.5 13.5
 Thickness of the shell, t = r 2 – r1
= 100.96 – 80 = 20.96 mm
4. (a)
Fixed end moments :
50 × 32
Mab = – = –37.5 kNm ; Mba = +37.5 kNm
12
40 ×1.5 × 2.52
Mbc = – = –23.44 kNm;
42
40 ×1.52 × 2.5
Mcb = + = +14.06 kNm
42
120 × 4
Mcd = – = –60 kNm; M dc = +60 kNm
8
Distribution Factors These are calculated in the table below.
Joint Member Relative stiffness Total relative stiffness Distribution factor
3 I I 1
BA  =
4 3 4 4
I 4I 1
B BC =I
4 4 4
2I I 1
BE =
4 2 2
I 1
CB
4 4
I 4I 1
C CD =I
4 4 4
3 2I 2I 1
CF  =
4 3 4 2
+46.46 –26.89 +21.87 –47.30

–0.02 –0.02 +0.02 +0.02
0 +0.09 –0.07 0
–0.13 –0.13 +0.18 +0.18
0 +0.51 –0.72 0 +66.34
–1.44 –1.44 +1.02 +1.02 + 0.09
0 +5.74 –4.10 0 + 0.51
0 –8.20 –8.20 +11.48 +11.48 + 5.74
+ 37.50 + 18.75 –23.44 +14.06 –60.00 +60.00
– 37.50 + 37.50
1 1 1 1
B C
4 4 4 4
A 1 1 D
2 2
–16.41
+22.98
+25.43
–19.57
+0.36
+0.03
–2.86
–0.25
–0.25
+2.06
0
0
–8.20
–1.43
–0.13
–0.03
–9.79
0
0
0
E F
Figure shows the B.M. diagram for the frame.

63.18
+ 66.34
33.02
46.46 47.30
12.5 –
+ 26.89 + –
– 2.87
–
A D
B 19.57 25.43 C
+ +
F
–
9.789 E a
4. (b) Draw OM v ert ical to m eet the b
horizontal support at M. Let
M
OM = x
y = length of bar B = x sec 30° y x
z C
z = length of bar A = x sec 45° B
A 60° D
Then y2 – b2 = x 2 15° 15°
or 2ydy = 2xdx
x
dy = dx
y O
= cos 30° dx W
Similarly, dz = cos 45° dx
dy dz
= ...(i)
cos30 cos45
y dy z dz
or  = 
cos30 y cos 45 z
y dy z
or  = e
cos30 y cos 45 z
x sec 30 x sec 45
or e = e
cos 30 y cos 45 z
2
or ey = ez
3
2
or p y = pz ...(ii)
3
where py and pz are tensile stresses in B and A.
Forces in A and D are 1000 pz N each, and forces in B and C are 1000 p yN each.
Resolving vertically,
2 × 1000 pz cos 45° + 2 × 1000 py cos 30° = 300,000 ...(iii)
Solving (ii) and (iii)
py = 112 N/mm 2 (tensile)
pz = 74.7 N/mm 2 (tensile)
Force in B = 112,000 N (tensile)
Force in A = 74700 N
Due to rise of temperature, let the force in A or D be ZN (compressive), and in B or C, YN (tensile).
Resolving vertically,
Z cos 45° = Y cos 30° ...(iv)
Increase in length of B
dy = Increase due to rise of temperature + Increase due to
tensile force
= (x sec 30°) (12 × 10-6) 60 + Y (x sec 30°)/(E × 1000)
Increase in length A
dz = Increase due to rise of temperature – decrease due to
compressive force
= (x sec 45°) (12 × 10-6) 60 – Z(x sec 45°)/(E × 1000)
Substituting into (1), and putting E = 200 × 10 3, we get
 Y  x sec 30  
sec 30  x cos 30  12 ×10 –6  60 + 
 200 ×103 ×1000 
 Z  x sec 45  
= sec 45  x cos 45  12 ×10  60 –
–6
 ...(v)
 200 ×103 ×1000 
Solving (iv) and (v),
Z = 31,100 N (compressive)
Y = 25,400 N (tensile)
Net force in A or D = 74,700 – 31,100
= 43600 N (tensile)
Net force in B or C = 112,000 + 25,400
= 137,400 N (tensile)
4. (c) For the given data:
P = 348 R = 97.1 N = 18
P2 = 9534 R2 = 977.15 PR = 2867.3
 P  2 = 121104 (R)2 = 9428.41
For the correction equation R = aP + b
N(PR)  (P) (R) (18  2867.3)  (348  97.1)

a   0.3528
N(P2 )  (P)2 (18  9534)  121104
R  aP 97.1  (0.3528  348)

b   1.426
N 18
Hence R = 0.3528 P – 1.426
In this equation both R and P are in cm and R  0. Correction coefficient r
N(PR)  (P)(R)
r
[N(P )  (P)2 ]  [N(R2 )  (R)2 ]
2
(18  2867.3)  (348  97.1)

r = 0.878
[18  9534)  121104]  [(18  977.15)  9428.41]
SECTION - B
5. (a) Index properties of soil are those properties which help to access the engineering behaviour of a
soil and which assist in determining its classification accurately.
The index properties for coarse and fine soils are tabulated below:
Type of soil Index property
Coarse soil Particle size distribution, Grain shape, Relative density
Fine soil Atterberg’s limit and consistency.
(i) Particle size distribution or Grain size analysis :
 It is a method of separation of soil into different fraction based on the particle size.
 It expresses quantitatively the proportions, by mass, of various sizes of particles present in
a soil.
 It helps in determining gradation and uniformity of soil. This knowledge helps in construction
of earth dams, embankment, filters etc.
(ii) Grain shape:
 Soil grains are called bulky in case of sand and gravel which are further classified as: angular,
subangular, surrounded, rounded, well rounded.
 High angularity of soil grain leads to higher shearing strength.
(iii) Relative Density or Density Index: (D r)
 It is defined as:
emax  enatural
Dr =  100
emax  emin
 It represents degree of denseness or coarseness of natural deposits of coarse grained soil.
 Higher relative density means higher shear strength and low compressibility and vice-versa.
(iv) Atterberg’s Limit and Consistency:
 Consistency represents the relative ease with which a soil can be deformed.
 Consistency is related to water content i.e., how with change in water content, the consistency
of soil changes.
 Atterberg classified the consistency in four stages. Behaviour of soil is different in different
stages.
(a) Solid stage (b) Semi solid stage
(c) Plastic stage (d) liquid stage
ws = shrinkage limit water content

wp = plastic limit water content
wl = liquid limit water content
VL
VP
Vdry
Solid Sem-solid Plastic Liquid
ws wP wl
Water content
5. (b) Fixed End Moments
Mab = Mba = 0
30 × 4 2 30 × 4 2
Mbc = –  –40kNm, Mcb = + = +40 kNm
12 12
2EI  3  2 2
Moment AB Mab =  b –  = EI b – EI
3  3  3 3
2EI  3  4 2
Mba =  2b –  = EI b – EI 
3  3 3 3
2EI
Member BC Mbc = –40 +  b  = –40 +EI b
4
2EI 1
Mcb = +40 +  b  = +40 + EI b
4 2
Equilibrium Condition at B, Mba + Mbc = 0
4 2
EIb – EI  – 40 +EIb = 0
3 3
7 2
 EI b – EI = 0
3 3
 7EI b – 3EI  = 40 ...(1)
For horizontal equilibrium, H a = 0
Mab + Mba
3
= 0  Mab + Mba = 0
2 2 4 2
EIb – EI + EI b – EI = 0
3 3 2 3
4
2EI b – EI = 0
3
 6EIb – 4EI = 0
 3EIb – 2EI = 0 ..(2)

Solving equations (1) and (2), we get EIb = 30 and Ei = 45
30 45
Rotation at B = b = . Linear displacement or B and C =  = .
EI EI
Final moments are calculated below :
2
Mab =  30  – 2  45  = –10 kNm
3 2
4
Mba =  30  – 2  45  = +10kNm
3 3
Mbc = –40 + 30 = –10kNm
1
Mcb = +40 +  30  = +55 kNm
2
60 kN 30 kN/m
+ 55 m
10 B
C
kNm 4m
B C
Vc=74.25 kN
3m
A
10kNm
A
Va=48.75 kN
10 kNm
5. (c) For equilibrium, the algebraic sum of the forces must be zero.
 P1 – P2 + P3 – P4 = 0
or P2 = P1 + P3 – P4
= 4500 + 45000 – 13000
= 36500N  Ans.
We can write, P2 = 36500 N
= 4500 + 32000
Thus we consider P 2 to consist of two parts. One of the parts, namely 4500 N is supposed to act
on AB in order to balance P 1 = 4500 N. Hence, AB is under tension, the tensile force on it being
4500 N as shown in Fig. E-8.2.
2
625 mm
4500N
4500N
A B
1200mm
PL
Elongation of AB =
AE
4500 ×1200
= mm
625E
The other part of P 2, namely 32000 N, acts on BC. At C, the force P 3 may be written as
P3 = 45000N = 32000 +13000
Out of the two parts of P 3, one part, namely 32000 N, acts on BC, while the other part of 13000
N acts of CD. Hence we see that BC is under compression, each force being 32000 N, while CD
is under tension, each tensile force being 13000 N. See Fig. E-8.3 and E-8.4
2
2500 mm
B C
32000 N 32000N
600 mm
Fig. E-8.3
2
1250 mm
C D
13000 N 13000 N
900 mm
Fig. E-8.4
32000 × 600 7680

Compression of AC = = mm = l2
2500E E
13000 × 900 9360
Elongation of CD = = mm = l3
1250E E
Total elongation = l1 + l3 – l2
8640 + 9360 – 7680 10320
= = mm = l
E E
Now, E = 0.21×10 6 MPa = 0.21×10 6 ×10 6 N m2
= 0.21×10 6 N mm2
10320
 l = = 0.0491 mm  Ans.
0.21×10 6
5. (d)
0.3
tp = C1 LL ca 
Here, C t = 1.5, L = 120 km, L ca = 80km
tp = 23.484 hrs.
 t p   23.484 
Standard duration, tr = D =  =  = 4.27hrs
 5.5   5.5 
Required duration D' = 3 hrs
D – t r
Lag time tpr = t p + = t p + 0.25 D – t r 
4
or tpr = 23.484 + 0.25  3 – 4.27  = 23.16hrs.
 0.6 × 2500  3
Qp = 2.78   = 180 m sec
 23.16 
and T = 72 + 3 × 23.16 = 141.48 hours
With these values Qp, T and tpr a smooth curve may be drawn.
To plot the smooth synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH), US Army corps Engineers 10 (1959) ga v e
the width of SUH as :
5.87
W 50 = 1.08
 QP 
 
 A 
3.35
W 75 = 1.08
 QP 
 
 A 
where W 50 and W 75 are widths in hrs of SUH at 50% and 75% of Q p .
5.87
 W 50 = 1.08
= 100.62 hrs.
 180 
 
 2500 
3.35
and W 75 = 1.08
 57.42hrs.
 180 
 
 2500 
Hence, the synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) may be drawn as shown in Fig. 7.19.
23.16
SUH (Synthetic unit
hydrograph)
75% QP
57.42
3
50% 180 m psec
QP
100.62
t
141.48
5. (e) (i)
1
Given P = = 0.02, q = 0.98
50
(a) n = 20, r = 1 using P r,n = nCr .pr.qn-r
20 19
P1, 20 = 19 . 1   0.02  .  0.98   0.2725
(b) n = 15 , r = 2
15 2 13
P2,15 = 13 . 2   0.02  .  0.98   0.0323
(c) At least once in 20 successive year

P = 1– qn = 1 – (1– p) n = 1– (1– 0.02) 20 = 0.33239
5. (e) (ii)
The mean rainfall is obtained as:
89  54  45  41  55
Pm = = 56.8 m
5
Now,
2
(89  56.8)2  (54  56.8)2  (45  56.8)2  (41  56.8)2  (55  56.8)2
 =
5 1
2
or  = 359.2
  = 18.95
The coefficient of variation,
18.95
 CV = = 0.33363
56.8
2 2
 CV   0.33363 
 N =      11.13  12
 0.10   0.1 
Thus additional nos. of gauges required = (12 – 5) = 7.
6. (a) In this problem the unknown displacements are A , B , C and D . However we can use the modified
slope deflection equations in which we do not need to consider A and D . As external loads are
zero, fixed end moment will be taken as zero due to loading.
Slope-deflection equations:
Fo 1
Beam AB (1.7EI ; L = 4.5m ; MAB = 0 ; MBA  0; A can be ignored; B  ? ;  AB   )
900
3(1.7EI)  8  10 4 
MBA = MFBA
o
 (B  AB )  0  1.1333  EIB    ( 100.738  1.1333EIB ) kNm
4.5  900 

1
Beam BC (1.3EI; L = 3.75 m; B  ?; C  ?; BC   )
750
4(1.3EI) 2(1.3EI)  6(1.3)(8  104 )   1 
F

MBC = MBC  0   3.75
B 
3.75
C  
 3.75
  BC 
750
 kNm
  
 MBC =  221.867  1.3867EIB  0.6933EIC  kNm
2(1.3EI) 4(1.3EI)  6(1.3)(8  104 )   1 
MCB = 
MF
CB  0   3.75
B 
3.75
 
C  3.75
  BC 
 750  kNm

 
 MBC =  221.867  0.6933EIB  1.3867EIC  kNm
1
Beam CD (1.1EI; L = 3.75m; MDC = + 0; D can be ignored; C  ?; CD   )
375
Fo 3(1.1EI)  8  104 
MCD = MCD  (C  CD )  0  0.8800  EIC    ( 187.733  0.8800EIB ) kNm
3.75  375 
Equilibrium equations
MBA + MBC = MB = 0
– 322.605 + 2.52 EIqB + 0.6933 EIqc = 0 ... (i)
MCB + MCD = MC = 0
–34.134 + 0.6933 EI qB + 2.2667EIqC = 0 ... (ii)
From equation (i) and (ii)
EIB = 135.2565 kNm2
EIC = –26.3111 kNm2
Final end moments
MAB = 0
MBA = 52.548 kNm
MBC = –52.548 kNm
MCB = –164.579 kNm
MCD = 164.579 kNm
The free-bodies, shear force and bending moment diagrams are shown in figure. The probable
deflected shape is shown in figure below.
52.55 kNm 164.58 kNm

D
A B B C C E
4.5m 3.75m 3.75m
11.68 kN 11.68 kN 57.91 kN 57.91 kN 43.89 kN 43.89 kN 1.25m

(a) Free-body diagrams
+57.91 kN
A D E
–11.68 kN B C –43.89 kN
(b) Shear force diagram

–52.55 kNm
C D
A E
B
+164.58kNm
(c) Bending moment diagram
hogging sagging
A 5 mm C D
E
10 mm
(d) Probable deflected shape
Fig. Internal force distributions and deflected shape.
6. (b) Given:
External dia., D = 20 cm
Thickness, t = 25 mm = 2.5 cm
 Internal dia., d =  D – 2 × t  = 20 × 2.5 = 15cm
 2 175
20 – 15  =
2 2 2
Area, A = = 137.44 cm = 13744 mm
4 4
  4 
20 – 15  =
4
Moment of inertia, I = 160000 – 50625 
64 64
= 5368.93cm4 = 53689300 mm4
I 53689300
 Least radius of gyration, k = = = 62.5mm
A 13744
Length of column, l = 6 m = 6000 mm
End conditions = Both ends are hinged
 Effective length, Le = l = 6000 mm
Value of E = 1.2 ×105 N mm 2

Euler’s crushing load is given by equation (19.5)
2
 EI
P = 2
Le
2 5
 ×1.2 ×10 × 53689300
= = 1766307N  Ans.
6000 2
Crushing load by Rankine’s formula
The value of  c = 550 N/mm2
1
Value of a =
1600
Let P = Crushing load for Rankine’s formula
c .A 550 ×13744
P = 2
= 2
= 1118224.8N  Ans.
L  1  6000 
1+ a  e  1+ × 
 k  1600  62.5 
The length of the column for which the above two formulae gives the same crushing load.
Let L =Length of the column
2
 EI
Crushing load by Euler’s formula =
L2
 c .A
Crushing load by Rankine’s formula = 2
L 
1+ a  
k 
Equating the crushing loads given by the above two formulae, we get
2
 EI  c .A
2 = 2
L L 
1+ a  
k 
Substituting the all known values except ‘L’, we get
2 5 550 ×13744
 ×1.2×10 × 53689300
2 = 2
L 1  L 
1+ × 
1600  62.5 
2
2 ×1.2×105 × 53689300 L
or = 2
550 ×13744 L
1+
6250000
2
L
or 8411800 = 2
L
1+
250000
2
L
or 8411800 = 2
L
1+
6250000
 2 
L
or 8411800 1+  = L2
 6250000 
8411800 2
or 8411800 + × L = L2
6250000
or 8411800 +1.346L
2 = L2 or 1.346L2 – L2 = –8411800
2 –8411800
or 0.346L = –8411800 or L =
0.346
The above equation gives the imaginary value of length L.
Hence, it is not possible to have the same length of the two columns, which have the same
crushing load for the two given formulae.
6. (c) Since each rainfall is of 4 h period, we can use 4 h U.H.
 -index = 2.5 mm/h = 0.25 cm/h
Depth of effective rainfall in the first 4 h period
=  0075 – 0.25  × 4 = 2 cm
Depth of effective rainfall in the second 4 h period
=  2.25 – 0.25  × 4 = 8cm
Depth of effective rainfall in the third 4 h period
= 1.25 – 0.25  × 4 = 4cm
Computation of Flood Hydrograph due to known Storm Rainfalls
3
Direct runoff in m /s from effective
rainfalls during three successive 4 h
periods Baseflow Total runoff
Time 4 h U.H.
3 3 3
(h) m /s Composite m /s m /s
2 cm 8 cm 4 cm direct
runoff
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) = (3) + (4) (1) (8) = (6)
+ (5) + (7)
0 0 0 0 10 10
2 12.52 25.04 – – 25.04 10 35.04
4 21.32 42.64 0 – 42.64 10 52.64
6 23.54 47.08 100.16 – 147.24 10 157.24
8 17.84 35.68 170.56 0 206.24 10 216.24
10 14.79 29.58 188.32 50.08 267.98 10 277.96
12 12.18 24.36 142.72 85.28 252.36 10 262.36
14 10.04 20.08 118.32 94.16 232.56 10 242.56
16 8.26 16.52 97.44 71.36 185.32 10 195.32
18 6.51 13.02 80.32 59.16 152.50 10 162.50
20 4.98 9.96 66.08 48.72 124.76 10 134.76
22 3.95 7.90 52.08 40.16 100.14 10 110.14
24 3.05 6.10 39.84 33.04 78.98 10 88.98
26 2.26 4.52 31.60 26.04 62.16 10 72.16
28 1.60 3.20 24.40 19.92 47.52 10 57.52
30 1.07 2.14 18.08 15.80 36.02 10 46.02
32 0.53 1.06 12.80 12.20 26.06 10 36.06
34 0 0 8.56 9.04 17.60 10 27.60
36 4.24 6.40 10.64 10 20.64
38 0 4.28 4.28 10 14.28
40 2.12 2.12 10 12.12
42 0 0 10 10
Column (2) : ordinates of 4 h U.H.

Column (3) : ordinates of 4 h U.H. multiplied by the first rainfall of 2 cm.
Column (4) ordinates of 4 h U.H. multiplied by the second rainfall of 8 cm and lagged by 4
hours since the runoff from the second rainfall commences from the 4th hour.
Column (5) : ordinates of 4 h U.H. multiplied by the third rainfall of 4 cm and lagged by 8 hours
since the runoff from the third rainfall commences from 8th hour.
Column (6) : Cols. (3) + (4) + (5) = ordinates of composite direct runoff hydrograph
Column (7) : baseflow which is assumed to be constant at 10 m 3/s
Column (8) : ordinate of the total runoff hydrograph, or the flood hydrograph.
7. (a) Distribution factors
Joint Members Relative Stiffness I I k k k

BA I 4 = 0.25I 0.5
B 0.5I
2I 8 = 0.25I 0.5
CB 2I 8 = 0.25I 0.5
C 0.5I
CD I 4 = 0.25I 0.5
Fixed end moments
4 2
x  20dx   4 – x 
MFAB = 
1
4
2
4
 3 2  dx
MFAB 
= 1.25 16x + x – 8x
1
MFAB = 19.66 kNm
4 2
 4 – x  20dx x = 25.29kNm
MFBA = 
1
4
2
Nonsway Analysis
Joint A B C D
Members AB BA BC CB CD DC
0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0
FEMS –19.66 +26.29

Bal –12.64 –12.65
Co –6.32 –6.32
Bal +3.16 +3.16
Co +1.58 +1.58
Bal –0.79 –0.79
Co –0.40 –0.40
Bal +0.20 +0.20
Co +0.10 +0.10
Bal –0.05 –0.05
Co –0.03 –0.03
+0.01 +0.02
Total –26.41 11.81 –11.81 –3.38 +3.38 +1.68
MAB MBA MBC MCB MCD MDC
Moment Distribution Table

Sway Analysis
Joint A B C D
Members AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0
FEMS –100.00 –100.00 –100.00 –100.00
Bal +50.00 +50.00 +50.00 +50.00
Co +25.00 +25.00 +25.00 +25.00
Bal
–12.50 –12.50 –12.50 –12.50
Co –6.25 –6.25 –6.25 –6.25
Bal +3.12 +3.13 +3.13 +3.12
Co +1.56 +1.56 +1.57 +1.56
Bal –0.78 –0.78 –0.79 –0.78
Co –0.39 –0.40 –0.39 –0.69
Bal +0.20 +0.20 +0.20 +0.20
Co +0.10 +0.10 +0.10 +0.10
Bal –0.05 –0.05 –0.05 –0.05
Final –79.98 –60.01 +60.01 60.02 –60.02 –79.98
MAB MBA MBC MCB MCD MDC
Moment distribution table
Final moments
MAB = –26.41 – 79.98 k
MBA = 11.81 – 60.01 k
MBC = –11.81 + 60.01 k
MCB = –3.38 + 60.02 k
MCD = +3.38 – 60.02 k
MDC = +1.68 – 79.98 k
Column shear condition
MBA
B
3m
20kN/m
1m
A HA
MAB
Equilibrium of column AB
M B = 0;
32
MAB + MBA – 20 × × 4HA = 0
2
90 –  MAB + MBA 
HA =
4
MCD
C
4m
D HD
MDC
VD
M C = 0;
MCD + MDC = 4HD = 0
– MCD + MDC 
HD =
4
Considering the horizontal equilibrium
Substituting the values in terms of moments and simplifying
HA + HD = 20 × 3
MAB + MBA + MCD + MDC = –150
 –26.41+11.81+ 3.38 +1.68  –  79.98 + 60.01+ 60.02 + 79.98  k = –150
k = 0.502
End moments
MAB = –26.41– 79.98  0.502  = 66.6 kNm
MBA = 11.81– 60.01 0.502  = –18.3kNm
MBC = –11.81+ 60.01 0.502  = +18.3kNm
MCB = –3.38 + 60.02  0.502  = +26.8kNm
MCD = +3.38 – 60.02  0.502  = –26.8kNm
MDC = +3.38 – 60.02  0.502  = –26.8kNm
26.8 kNm
B 18.3 C
26.8 kNm
18.3
66.6 A 38.5 D
7. (b) Given :
Figure. (a) shows the given section. It is symmetrical about x-axis. The C.G. of the section lies
at O (origin of the axes). To find moment of inertia of the given section, it is divided into three
rectangles as shown in Figure. (b). First the moment of inertia of each rectangle about its centroid
is calculated. Then by using parallel axis, theorem, the moment of inertia of the given section about
its centroid is obtained.
y 10
30 C.G.1
30
40 1
20
C.G. O x 2 C.G.2
C.G.3 10
10 40
40
30 30 30
30
3
10
10
(a) (b)
(a) Consider rectangle (1)

The C.G. of rectangle (1) is at a distance of 20 cm from x-axis and at a distance of 25 cm from
y-axis.
Ixx  = IG 1x + A1 k1x 2

where (I xx)1 = M.O.I. of rectangle (1) about x-axis passing through the centroid of the given figure
of the given section.
IG 1x = M.O.I. of rectangle (1) about an axis passing through C.G. of rectangle (1) and parallel to
bd3
x-axis =
12
10 × 30 3
= Here b = 10 and d = 30 
12
= 2.25 ×10 4 cm4
A1 = Area of rectangle (1) = 10 × 30 = 300 cm 2
(k1x) = Distance of C.G. of rectangle (1) from x-axis.
= 20
Substituting the above values in equation (1), we get
(Ixx)1 = 2.25 ×10 4 + 300 × 20 2
= 2.25 ×10 4 + 12 ×10 4
= 14.25 ×10 4 cm4 ...(A)

Similarly, the M.O.I of rectangle (1) about y-axis passing through the centroid of the given figure
is given by,
2
(I yy) 1 = IG 1y + A 1 k1y 
bd3 30 ×103
where, IG 1y = = = 0.25 ×10 4 cm 4
12 12
k1y  = Distance of C.G. of rectangle (1) from y-axis = 25
 (I yy) 1 = 0.25 ×10 4 + 300 × 25

= 0.25 ×10 4 +18.75 ×10 4
= 19 ×10 4 cm 4 ....(B)
(b) Consider rectangle (2)
The C.G. of this rectangle coincides with the C.G. of the given section. Hence,
bd3 60 ×10 3
Ixx 2 = = = 0.5 ×10 4 cm4 ..(C)
12 12
10 × 603
and Iyy 2 = = 18 ×10 4 cm4 ..(D)
12
(c) Consider rectangle (3)
The C.G. of rectangle (3) is at a distance of 20 cm from x-axis and at a distance of 25 cm from
y-axis. Hence, k3x = 20 cm and k3y = 25 cm.
Now, Ixx 3 = IG  3x + A 3  k 3 x 2

10 × 303  2
= + 10 × 30  20 
12
= 2.25 ×10 4 + 12 ×10 4 = 14.25 ×10 4 cm4
2
and Iyy 3 = IG 3 y + A 3 k 3 y 
30 ×10 3
= + 300 × 25 2 = 0.25 ×10 4 + 18.75 ×10 4 = 19 ×10 4 cm 4
12
(i) Moment of inertia of complete section about its centroid.
Ixx = Ixx 1 + Ixx 2 + Ixx 3

= 14.25 ×10 4 + 0.5 ×10 4 + 14.25 ×10 4 cm 4
= 29 ×10 4 cm4  Ans.
and I yy = Iyy 1 + Iyy 2 + Iyy 3

4 4
= 19 ×10 4 +18 ×10 4 +19 ×10 4 = 56 ×10 cm  Ans.
y
C.G.1
1 20
2 C.G.2 x
20 3
25 C.G.3
25
(ii) Moment of inertia of complete section about new axes which is turned through an
angle of 30° anti-clockwise.
Here,  = 30
Let us first calculate the product of inertia of whole area about old axes x, y.
(a) Consider rectangle (1)
A1 = 10 × 30 = 300 cm2
The C.G. of rectangle (1) is at a distance of 20 cm above x-axis and at a distances of 25cm from
y-axis. Hence, coordinates of this C.G. are
x1 = –25 cm and y1 = 20c cm
(b) For rectangle (2)
A 3 = 10 × 60 = 600 cm 2
The C.G. of rectangle (2) lies on the origin (O). Hence x 2 = 0 and y2 = 0.
(c) For rectangle (3)
A 3 = 10 × 30 = 300 cm2
The C.G> of rectangle (3) is at a distance of 20 cm below x-axis and at a distance of 25 cm from
y-axis.
Hence, coordinate of this C.G are : x 3 = 25 cm and y 3 = (–20 cm).
The product of inertia (I xy) of the whole figure is given by
I xy = A1x1y1 + A 2 x 2 y 2 + A 3 x 3 y 3
= 300 ×  –25  × 20 + 600 × 0 × 0 + 300 × 25 ×  –20 
= –15 ×10 + 0 +  –15 ×10 =
4 4 4 4
–30 ×10 cm
y1 y
x1


x
Now the moment of inertia of the complete section about the new axes (x 1, y1) can be obtained
from equations as
Ix1x1 =
Ixx + Iyy  + Ixx – Iyy  cos2 – I sin2
xy
2 2
4 4 4 4 4 4
where Ixx = 29 ×10 cm , Iyy = 56 ×10 cm , Ixy = –30 ×10 cm and  = 30 
329 ×10 4 + 56 ×10 4 29 ×10 4 – 56 ×10 4

 Ix1x1 = + cos 60 –  –30 ×10 4  sin60
2 2
4 1 4
= 4.265 ×10 – 13.5 ×10 × + 30 ×10 × 0.866
2
= 37.75 ×10 4 + 26 ×10 4 = 61.75 ×10 4 cm4  Ans.
Ixx + Iyy Ixx – Iyy

and Iy1y1 = – cos 2 + Ixy sin2
2 2
29 ×10 4 + 56 ×10 4 29 ×10 4 – 56 ×10 4

= – cos60 +  –30 ×10 4  sin60
2 2
4 4 4 4 4
= 42.5 ×10 + 6.75 ×10 – 26 ×10 = 23.25 ×10 cm  Ans.
(iii) Principal moments of inertia about the centroid
The principal moments of inertia can also be obtained by
2
Imax Ixx + Iyy  Ixx – Iyy  2
min.
=    + Ixy
2  2 
2
29 ×10 4 + 56 ×10 4  29 ×10 4 – 56 ×10 4  2
 +  –30 ×10 
4
=  
2  2 
4
= 42.5 ×10   –413.5 ×10 4 2 +  –30 ×104 2
= 42.5 ×10 4  10 2 × 32.89
=  42.5 + 32.89  ×10 4 and  42.5 – 32.89  ×10 4
= 79.39 ×10 4 and 9.6 ×10 4 cm 4
Imax = 75.39 ×10 4 cm 4 adn Imin = 9.61×10 4 cm 4

Now, I max and I min are the required principal moment of inertia. [Ans.]
7. (c)
Computation of reservoir evaporation losses.
Month Average water Monthly pan Monthly lake Monthly
spread area in evaporation in evaporation in evaporation loss
ha cm cm in ha-cm
(1) (2) (3) (4) = 0.7 × (3) (5) = (2) × (4)
Jan. 872.0 10.2 7.14 6226.08
Feb. 797.0 15.3 10.71 8535.87

March 754.5 25.4 17.78 13415.01
April 739.5 30.5 21.35 15788.33
May 726.0 28.0 19.60 14229.60
June 717.5 17.8 12.46 8940.05
July 735.0 15.3 10.71 7871.85
Aug. 765.0 14.0 9.80 7497.00
Sept. 807.5 14.0 9.80 7913.50
Oct. 850.0 15.3 10.71 9103.50
Nov. 891.0 12.7 8.89 7920.99
Dec. 917.0 10.2 7.14 6547.38
 = 113989.16
The lake evaporation in any month is obtained as the product of the monthly pan evaporation and
the pan coefficient, that is 0.7.
 Annual evaporation loss = 113989.16 ha-cm
1
= 113989.16 × 104 × m3
100
= 11.4 × 106 m 3 = 11.4 million m 3
Depth of irrigation = 57 cm = 0.57 m
11.4  106  0.75
Area of crop that can be irrigated = = 20 × 106 × 0.75 m 2
0.57
20  106  0.75
 = 1500 hectares.
104
8. (a) We can take advantage of symmetry in the frame and work with the reduced frame shown in Fig.
with a guided-fixed supports at the truncated locations (midpoints C' in beam BC and D' in beam
AD). The degree of kinematic indeterminacy may be limited to two, considering the rotations at the
beam-column joints A and B as the unknown displacements.
2m
40kN
B
C’
2I
2m
I
2I
D’
A
24kN/m 20kN/m
Fixed End moments (with  A = B = 0 )
 20   4 2   20   4 2 
F
M AD+ = + = +26.67kNm; MFDX = + = +13.33 kNm
12 24
 24   22   24   22 
F
MAB = – = –4.80kNm; MFBA = + = +3.20kNm
20 30
F
 80   4  F  80   4 
MBC = – = –40.0kNm; MCB = – = –40.0kNm
8 9
Distribution and Carry-over Factors :
E  2l  4El 1 2
Joint A : k ADy : k AB = : = 1: 2 = :
2 2 3 3
1 2
 d AD = ; d AB =
3 3
Carry-over moment occurs in AD' from A to D' with a carry over factor equal to –1.
4EI E  2I 2 1
Joint B : k BA : k BC = : = 2 : 1= :
2 2 3 3
2 1
 dBA = ; dBC =
3 3
Carry-over moment occur in BC' from B to C' with a carry-over factor equal to –1.
Final End Moments :
The final end moments are obtained as shown in the table.
D’A AD’ AB BA BC’ C’B

D.F. 1/3 2/3 2/3 1/3
C.O.F. 1/2 1/2
F.E.M. +13.33 +26.67 –4.80 +3.20 –40.00 +40.00
Bal.1 –14.58 +24.53
CoM 1 +12.27 –7.29
Bal.2 –8.18 +4.86
CoM 2 +2.43 –4.09
Bal.3 –1.62 +2.73
CoM 3 +1.36 –0.81
Bal.4 –0.90 +0.54
CoM 4 +0.27 –0.45
Bal.5 –0.18 +0.30
+26.06 +13.94 –13.93 +23.52 –23.53 +56.48
23.5 23.5
56.5
B C
2m
A D
26.1
13.9 13.9
2m 2m
8. (b)
44%
20%
1m
3m 28%
44% 44%
Volume reduction will take place due to change in m/c from 44% to 28%.
Shrinkage limit =28%
Final reduced depth = 3m
In top 1m reduced depth, volume reduction is due to change in m/c from 44% to 28%.
0.44Ws WS
Initial volume,V0 = 
w GS . w
0.16WS
Change in volume, V = w
V 0.16
=
V 1
0.44 
GS
0.44 WS 0.28 WS
Water 0.44 W S 0.28 W S
w
w
WS
WS WS
Solid WS GS
GS w
w
H V
Given that = 0.8
H V
V H H1
 = H  0.8 = H  1  0.8
V  1 
0.16 H1
=
0.44 
1  H1  1  0.8
GS
H1  0.18758m
Volume Reduction second part. (Reduced depth =2m)
 0.44  w  WS
V w
V0 = 0.44WS WS

w GS . w
0.44 WS W.WS W.WS

Water 0.44 W S
w w
WS
WS WS
Solid WS GS
GS w
w
V  0.44  w 
=
V 1
0.44 
GS
V H
 =
V H  0.8
0.44  W H

1 H  0.8
0.44 
GS
Let the change in height is dz depth = d  H

 W = 0.28 + 0.08 dz
0.44  0.28  0.08z d  H

 = dz  d  H   0.8
0.81  
0.8
×  0.16  0.08z  dz = d  H  0.16  0.08z  d  H
0.81
0.8 0.16  0.08z
d  H = × dz
0.81 0.84  0.08z
2
0.158  0.079z
 dH = 
0
0.84  0.08z
dz
 Total settlement = 0.18758+0.177 = 0.36458 m
z
2m dz
8. (c) Here D = 4 h, D0 = 2 hr.

 D0  2 1
  =   = = 0.5
 D  4 2
Time UH S-curve additions unit storm after S-curve S-curve (4) – (5) 2 hrs
3
(hrs) ordinates every 4 hrs (m /sec) (3) ordinates lagged = (6) UH
(1) (2) 2+(1)+(ii) by 2 hrs (6)/0.5
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) +(iii)+(iv) = (5) (7)
=4
0 0 After 0 – 0 0
1 20 4 hrs After 20 – 20 40
2 36 2nd 4 hrs After 3rd 36 0 36 72
3 60 i.e. 4 hrs 60 20 40 80
4 86 0 After i.e. After 86 36 50 100
5 112 20 8 hrs After 12 hrs 4th 132 60 72 144
6 120 36 4 hrs 156 86 70 140
7 105 60 i.e. 165 132 33 66
8 73 86 0 After 159 156 3 6
9 40 112 20 16 hrs 172 165 13 26
10 24 120 36 180 159 21 42
11 14 105 60 179 172 7 14
12 9 73 86 0 168 180 –12 –24
13 7 40 112 20 179 179 0 0
14 5 24 120 36 185 168 17 34
15 3 14 105 60 182 179 3 6
16 2 9 73 86 0 170 185 –15 –30
17 0 7 40 112 20 179 182 –3 –6
Column (7) gives the ordinates of 2-hrs unit hydrograph. A slight adjust is required at tail and of
the unit of hydrograph. The adjustment usually required at the tail end by this method.
In figure this adjustment at tail end are entered and shown in the following table.
160
140
Ordinate of UH, (m /sec)
120
3
100
80
60
40
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Time t (hrs)
Figure: Adjusted 2-hr unit hydrograph
Time  hrs  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ordinates of UH  m sec  0 40 72 88 105 144 140 66 57 43 38 27 21 17 11
3
7 3 0

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IES MASTER

Institute for Engineers (IES/GATE/PSUs)

Sl. No. 02 ABCDEF(M)

Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300

Hence station A will be fed by area = area Abe + area Adge

Hence, A1 = A4 = 4.3094 km 2 ...(ii)

n = number of single reaction hinged supports.

D = 3m  re  3(j  j) where

j = Total number of hybrid joints.

M = bending moment at any section

Spring(1) Spring(2) Spring(3)

Given that wire diameter is same in all the direction, d1 = d2 = d3

8R1D13 n1 8R2D23n2 8R3D33n3

Average value of k = 2.944/hour

For equilibrium the sum of moments at C is 6 kNm.

MCA  MAC 3  24EI  9  24EI  9   3  72EI C 216EI 

 MCB  MBC  3  6EI  9  6EI  9  3 18EIC 108EI 

3  72EIC 216EI  3 18EIC 108EI 

Substituting the value of C in equation (1),

24EI  9  24EI  12l 9l2  24 12  15 180

6EI  9  6EI  12l 9l2  6  21 126

 OMC = 13.3%, (d )max = 1890 kg/m 3 (from graph)

2.7  1000 0.133  2.7 2.7  1000

 degree of saturation at (  d )max = 83.8%

where I = Average rate of inflow of water into the reservoir

1 73.71 73.71 73.71 

+MA = 0; – (180 + 60) (1.5) – (254.6 + 84.9) cos 45° (4.5)

– (254.6 sin 45°) (1.5) + (84.9 sin 45°) (4.5) + C y(6) = 0

+  Fy = 0; – A y – 254.6 sin 45 + 84.9 sin 45 = 0

+  Fy = 0; – 120.0 – 254.6 sin 45° + B y = 0

In the present case, we have

In the present case, we have

at x = 80 mm, px = 8 N/mm 2 and  x = 35 N/mm2

Substituting x = 80 mm and p x = 8 N/mm 2 in equation (i), we get

Substituting x = 80 mm and  x = 35N/mm2 in equation (ii), we get

21.5 × 6400 21.5 × 6400

+46.46 –26.89 +21.87 –47.30

Figure shows the B.M. diagram for the frame.

P2 = 9534 R2 = 977.15 PR = 2867.3

 P  2 = 121104 (R)2 = 9428.41

For the correction equation R = aP + b

N(PR)  (P) (R) (18  2867.3)  (348  97.1)

R  aP 97.1  (0.3528  348)

In this equation both R and P are in cm and R  0. Correction coefficient r

(18  2867.3)  (348  97.1)

ws = shrinkage limit water content

Solid Sem-solid Plastic Liquid

5. (b) Fixed End Moments

 3EIb – 2EI = 0 ..(2)

32000 × 600 7680

Now, E = 0.21×10 6 MPa = 0.21×10 6 ×10 6 N m2

(c) At least once in 20 successive year

52.55 kNm 164.58 kNm

11.68 kN 11.68 kN 57.91 kN 57.91 kN 43.89 kN 43.89 kN 1.25m

(b) Shear force diagram

 Internal dia., d =  D – 2 × t  = 20 × 2.5 = 15cm

Value of E = 1.2 ×105 N mm 2

Column (2) : ordinates of 4 h U.H.

Joint Members Relative Stiffness I I k k k

Fixed end moments

MFAB = 19.66 kNm

FEMS –19.66 +26.29

MAB MBA MBC MCB MCD MDC

Moment Distribution Table