êÆÔn•§

1nù ©lCþ{( )

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 1 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

àg ‡©•§Úàg>.^‡3©lCþ{¥
åX'…Š^µÏ••§Ú>.^‡´àg §
©lCþâ ±¢y

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 2 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

àg ‡©•§Úàg>.^‡3©lCþ{¥
åX'…Š^µÏ••§Ú>.^‡´àg §
©lCþâ ±¢y
XJ½)¯K¥ •§Ú>.^‡Ø´àg §
„kvkŒUA^©lCþ{º

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 2 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

àg ‡©•§Úàg>.^‡3©lCþ{¥
åX'…Š^µÏ••§Ú>.^‡´àg §
©lCþâ ±¢y
XJ½)¯K¥ •§Ú>.^‡Ø´àg §
„kvkŒUA^©lCþ{º
k?Ø•§•šàg œ/

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 2 / 59
©lCþ{
½)¯K

• âÑéu•§šàg‘ ?n§ùpïÄX{d
åÚå üà ½u r½ ħu Ð £ÚÐ
„Ýþ•0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 3 / 59
©lCþ{
½)¯K

• âÑéu•§šàg‘ ?n§ùpïÄX{d
åÚå üà ½u r½ ħu Ð £ÚÐ
„Ýþ•0

½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 3 / 59
©lCþ{
Ä gŽ

-u(x, t) = v(x, t) + w(x, t)§¦

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
∂ 2u 2 ∂ 2u 2
−a 2
= f (x,t)
−a = f (x,t) =⇒ ∂t ∂x
∂t2 ∂x2 ∂ 2w 2∂ w
2
−a =0
∂t2 ∂x2

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 4 / 59
©lCþ{
Ä gŽ

-u(x, t) = v(x, t) + w(x, t)§¦

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
∂ 2u 2 ∂ 2u 2
−a 2
= f (x,t)
−a = f (x,t) =⇒ ∂t ∂x
∂t2 ∂x2 ∂ 2w 2∂ w
2
−a =0
∂t2 ∂x2

3òšàg•§àgz Óž§7L ± k
àg>.^‡ØC

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 4 / 59
©lCþ{
Ä gŽ

-u(x, t) = v(x, t) + w(x, t)§¦

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
∂ 2u 2 ∂ 2u 2
−a 2
= f (x,t)
−a = f (x,t) =⇒ ∂t ∂x
∂t2 ∂x2 ∂ 2w 2∂ w
2
−a =0
∂t2 ∂x2

3òšàg•§àgz Óž§7L ± k
àg>.^‡ØC
){ '…3u¦ A)v(x, t)"ù·^
uf (x, t)/ª' {ü œ/
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 4 / 59
©lCþ{
•§9>.^‡Óžàgz

ŠC†u(x, t) = v(x, t) + w(x, t)§F"w(x, t)÷và

g•§Úàg>.^‡

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 5 / 59
©lCþ{
•§9>.^‡Óžàgz

∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t)
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 5 / 59
©lCþ{
•§9>.^‡Óžàgz
2 2
∂ u 2∂ u
−a = f (x, t)
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0
∂t t=0

u(x, t) = v(x, t) k +w(x, t)

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v ∂ 2w 2
2∂ w
−a = f (x, t) −a =0
∂t2 ∂x2 ∂t2 ∂x2
v x=0 = 0 v x=l = 0 + w x=0 = 0 w x=l = 0
Щ^‡ØŠ‡¦ Щ^‡

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 5 / 59
©lCþ{
•§9>.^‡Óžàgz

‡¦v(x, t)÷v ½)¯K¥ •§9>.^‡

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
− a = f (x, t)
∂t2 ∂x2
v x=0
=0 v x=l
=0
éЩ^‡Ã‡¦§ )v(x, t)•3 Ø•˜"·
‚•I3ŒU ^‡eÀJ˜‡N´¦ v(x, t)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 6 / 59
©lCþ{
•§9>.^‡Óžàgz

w(x, t)÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡

∂ 2w 2
2∂ w
−a =0
∂t2 ∂x2
w x=0
=0 w x=l
=0

…÷vЩ^‡
∂w ∂v
w t=0
= −v t=0
, =−
∂t t=0 ∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 6 / 59
©lCþ{
•§9>.^‡Óžàgz

w(x, t)÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡

∂ 2w 2
2∂ w
−a =0
∂t2 ∂x2
w x=0
=0 w x=l
=0

…÷vЩ^‡
∂w ∂v
w t=0
= −v t=0
, =−
∂t t=0 ∂t t=0

¡d{••
•§ 9 > . ^ ‡ Ó ž à g z
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 6 / 59
©lCþ{
•§9>.^‡Óžàgz

˜ ¦ v(x, t)§ÒŒ±¦Ñw(x, t) ˜„)

∞ 
X nπ nπ  nπ
w(x, t) = Cn sin at+Dn cos at sin x
n=1
l l l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 7 / 59
©lCþ{
•§9>.^‡Óžàgz

˜ ¦ v(x, t)§ÒŒ±¦Ñw(x, t) ˜„)

∞ 
X nπ nπ  nπ
w(x, t) = Cn sin at+Dn cos at sin x
n=1
l l l
Šâ>.^‡½ÑU\XêCn ÚDn
w t=0
= −v t=0

∂w ∂v =⇒ Cn , D n
=−
∂t t=0 ∂t

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 7 / 59
©lCþ{
•§9>.^‡Óžàgz

˜ ¦ v(x, t)§ÒŒ±¦Ñw(x, t) ˜„)

∞ 
X nπ nπ  nπ
w(x, t) = Cn sin at+Dn cos at sin x
n=1
l l l

Z l
2 ∂v(x, t) nπ
Cn = − sin x dx
nπa 0 ∂t t=0 l
2 l
Z
nπ
Dn = − v(x, 0) sin x dx
l 0 l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 7 / 59
©lCþ{
•§9>.^‡Óžàgz

˜ ¦ v(x, t)§ÒŒ±¦Ñw(x, t) ˜„)

∞ 
X nπ nπ  nπ
w(x, t) = Cn sin at+Dn cos at sin x
n=1
l l l

Z l
2 ∂v(x, t) nπ
Cn = − sin x dx
nπa 0 ∂t t=0 l
2 l
Z
nπ
Dn = − v(x, 0) sin x dx
l 0 l

2òv(x, t)Úw(x, t)ƒ\§Ò¦ u(x, t)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 7 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø

ù«){¡••§Ú>.^‡ Óžàgz

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 8 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø

ù«){¡••§Ú>.^‡ Óžàgz
3òšàg•§àgz Óž§7L ± k
àg>.^‡ØC

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 8 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø

ù«){¡••§Ú>.^‡ Óžàgz
3òšàg•§àgz Óž§7L ± k
àg>.^‡ØC
){ '…3u¦ A)v(x, t)"Ïdd{•·
^uf (x, t)/ª' {ü œ/

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 8 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø

ù«){¡••§Ú>.^‡ Óžàgz
3òšàg•§àgz Óž§7L ± k
àg>.^‡ØC
){ '…3u¦ A)v(x, t)"Ïdd{•·
^uf (x, t)/ª' {ü œ/
àgЩ^‡ •›Œ± ž

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 8 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø

ù«){¡••§Ú>.^‡ Óžàgz
3òšàg•§àgz Óž§7L ± k
àg>.^‡ØC
){ '…3u¦ A)v(x, t)"Ïdd{•·
^uf (x, t)/ª' {ü œ/
àgЩ^‡ •›Œ± ž
àg>.^‡ •›´Ä•Œ± žº

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 8 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (˜
˜)

~ 1 ¦)½)¯K(Ù¥f (x)•®•¼ê)
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 9 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (˜
˜)

~ 1 ¦)½)¯K(Ù¥f (x)•®•¼ê)
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
) •‰Ñ)K ̇g´

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 9 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (˜
˜)

~ 1 ¦)½)¯K(Ù¥f (x)•®•¼ê)
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
) •‰Ñ)K ̇g´
du•§ šàg‘•´x ¼ê§ÒŒ±ràgz
¼êv • ••´x ¼ê
u(x, t) = v(x) + w(x, t)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 9 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (˜
˜)

~ 1 ¦)½)¯K(Ù¥f (x)•®•¼ê)
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
) •‰Ñ)K ̇g´
1
v 00 (x) = − 2 f (x)
a
v(0) = 0
v(l) = 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 9 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (˜
˜)

~ 1 ¦)½)¯K(Ù¥f (x)•®•¼ê)
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
2 2
) •‰Ñ)K ̇g´ ∂ w − a2 ∂ w = 0
1 ∂t2 ∂x2
v 00 (x) = − 2 f (x)
a w x=0 = 0 w x=l = 0
v(0) = 0 ∂w
v(l) = 0 w t=0 = −v(x) =0
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 9 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )
~2 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = A0 sin ωt 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 10 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )
~2 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = A0 sin ωt 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
) u(x, t) = v(x, t) + w(x, t) ⇓
∂ 2v 2
2∂ v ∂ 2w 2
2∂ w
−a = A0 sin ωt −a =0
∂t2 ∂x2 ∂t2 ∂x2
v x=0 = 0 v x=l = 0 + w x=0 = 0 w x=l = 0
Щ^‡(ØŠ‡¦) Щ^‡
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 10 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

Œòàgz¼êv(x, t) •v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 11 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

Œòàgz¼êv(x, t) •v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
2
−a 2
= A0 sin ωt ⇒ −ω 2 f (x)−a2 f 00 (x) = A0
∂t ∂x

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 11 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

Œòàgz¼êv(x, t) •v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
2
−a 2
= A0 sin ωt ⇒ −ω 2 f (x)−a2 f 00 (x) = A0
∂t ∂x
v x=0 = 0 ⇒ f (0) = 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 11 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

Œòàgz¼êv(x, t) •v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
2
−a 2
= A0 sin ωt ⇒ −ω 2 f (x)−a2 f 00 (x) = A0
∂t ∂x
v x=0 = 0 ⇒ f (0) = 0
v x=l
=0 ⇒ f (l) = 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 11 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

Œòàgz¼êv(x, t) •v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
2
−a 2
= A0 sin ωt ⇒ −ω 2 f (x)−a2 f 00 (x) = A0
∂t ∂x
v x=0 = 0 ⇒ f (0) = 0
v x=l
=0 ⇒ f (l) = 0
šàg~‡©•§ Ï)•
A0 ω ω
f (x) = − + A sin x + B cos x
ω2 a a

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 11 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

Œòàgz¼êv(x, t) •v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
2
−a 2
= A0 sin ωt ⇒ −ω 2 f (x)−a2 f 00 (x) = A0
∂t ∂x
v x=0 = 0 ⇒ f (0) = 0
v x=l
=0 ⇒ f (l) = 0
šàg~‡©•§ Ï)•
A0 ω ω
f (x) = − + A sin x + B cos x
ω2 a a
A0 A0 ωl
>.^‡ =⇒ B= A= tan
ω2 ω2 2a
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 11 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )
àgz¼êv(x, t)  •v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt 
A0  ω  ωl ω
f (x) = − 2 1 − cos x − tan sin x
ω a 2a a
 
A0 cos(ω(x − l/2)/a)
= − 2 1−
ω cos(ωl/2a)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 12 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )
àgz¼êv(x, t)  •v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt 
A0  ω  ωl ω
f (x) = − 2 1 − cos x − tan sin x
ω a 2a a
 
A0 cos(ω(x − l/2)/a)
= − 2 1−
ω cos(ωl/2a)
'uw(x, t) ½)¯K•
∂ 2w 2
2∂ w
−a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
w x=0 = 0 w x=l = 0 t≥0
∂w
w t=0 = 0 = −ωf (x) 0 ≤ x ≤ l
∂t t=0
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 12 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

˜„)•
∞ h
X nπ nπ i nπ
w(x, t) = Cn sin at + Dn cos at sin x
n=1
l l l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 13 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

˜„)•
∞ h
X nπ nπ i nπ
w(x, t) = Cn sin at + Dn cos at sin x
n=1
l l l

|^Щ^‡Œ±½Ñ

2A0 ωl3 1 − (−)n 1

Cn = − 2 Dn = 0
π a n2 (nπa)2 − (ωl)2

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 13 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

˜„)•
∞ h
X nπ nπ i nπ
w(x, t) = Cn sin at + Dn cos at sin x
n=1
l l l

|^Щ^‡Œ±½Ñ

2A0 ωl3 1 − (−)n 1

Cn = − 2 Dn = 0
π a n2 (nπa)2 − (ωl)2

•kn = ÛꞧCn âØ•0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 13 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )
∞ 
4A0 ωl3 X 1 1
w(x, t) = −
π 2 a n=0 (2n + 1)2 [(2n + 1)πa]2 − (ωl)2

2n + 1 2n + 1
× sin πx sin πat
l l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 14 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )
∞ 
4A0 ωl3 X 1 1
w(x, t) = −
π 2 a n=0 (2n + 1)2 [(2n + 1)πa]2 − (ωl)2

2n + 1 2n + 1
× sin πx sin πat
l l
 
A0 cos ω(x − l/2)/a
u(x, t) = − 2 1 − sin ωt
ω cos(ωl/2a)
∞ 
4A0 ωl3 X 1 1
−
π 2 a n=0 (2n + 1)2 [(2n + 1)πa]2 − (ωl)2

2n + 1 2n + 1
× sin πx sin πat
l l
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 14 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

F œ/§
(2m + 1)πa
ω= , m∈Z
l
c¡ ªf©1Ñy0§u)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 15 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

F œ/§
(2m + 1)πa
ω= , m∈Z
l
c¡ ªf©1Ñy0§u)
ù`²v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt /ªØé§AT´

v(x, t) = f (x)t sin ωt

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 15 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~( )

F œ/§
(2m + 1)πa
ω= , m∈Z
l
c¡ ªf©1Ñy0§u)
ù`²v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt /ªØé§AT´

v(x, t) = f (x)t sin ωt

Ñy •Œ±|^, ˜«?n•{§=éc¡
(2m + 1)πa
ªf† 4•ω → (L’Hospital{K)
l
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 15 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (n
n)

~ 3 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
+ = xy 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b
∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = 0 u x=a = 0 0≤y≤b
u y=0 = φ(x) u y=b = ψ(x) 0≤x≤a

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 16 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (n
n)

~ 3 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
+ = xy 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b
∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = 0 u x=a = 0 0≤y≤b
u y=0 = φ(x) u y=b = ψ(x) 0≤x≤a

1
) N´¦Ñ•§ A)µv(x, y) = x3 y + Axy
6

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 16 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (n
n)

~ 3 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
+ = xy 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b
∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = 0 u x=a = 0 0≤y≤b
u y=0 = φ(x) u y=b = ψ(x) 0≤x≤a

1
) N´¦Ñ•§ A)µv(x, y) = x3 y + Axy
6
dA)®÷v>.^‡v(x, y) x=0 = 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 16 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (n
n)

~ 3 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
+ = xy 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b
∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = 0 u x=a = 0 0≤y≤b
u y=0 = φ(x) u y=b = ψ(x) 0≤x≤a
1
) N´¦Ñ•§ A)µv(x, y) = x3 y + Axy
6
dA)®÷v>.^‡v(x, y) x=0 = 0
1
v(x, y) x=a = 0 =⇒ A = − a2
6

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 16 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (n
n)

~ 3 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
+ = xy 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b
∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = 0 u x=a = 0 0≤y≤b
u y=0 = φ(x) u y=b = ψ(x) 0≤x≤a

1
) N´¦Ñ•§ A)µv(x, y) = x3 y + Axy
6
dA)®÷v>.^‡v(x, y) x=0 = 0
1 2
x − a2 xy


v(x, y) =
6

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 16 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~ (n
n)
1 2
-u(x, y) =


x − a2 xy + w(x, y)
6
∂ 2w ∂ 2w
+ 2 =0
∂x2 ∂y
w x=0 = 0 w x=a
=0
b 2

w y=0
= φ(x) w y=b
= ψ(x) − x − a2 x
6
±elÑ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 17 / 59
©lCþ{
-#"À©lCþ{£Fp“?ê{¤

¤¢©lCþ{§•´Jø ˜«¦A) •
{µ3¦)L§¥ A)´©lCþ/ª

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 18 / 59
©lCþ{
-#"À©lCþ{£Fp“?ê{¤

¤¢©lCþ{§•´Jø ˜«¦A) •
{µ3¦)L§¥ A)´©lCþ/ª
˜ U\ § ˜„)ÒØ2´©lCþ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 18 / 59
©lCþ{
-#"À©lCþ{£Fp“?ê{¤

¤¢©lCþ{§•´Jø ˜«¦A) •
{µ3¦)L§¥ A)´©lCþ/ª
˜ U\ § ˜„)ÒØ2´©lCþ
Œ±l,˜‡ Ý"À©lCþ{µm `²
¼ê| 5

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 18 / 59
©lCþ{
-#"À©lCþ{£Fp“?ê{¤

¤¢©lCþ{§•´Jø ˜«¦A) •
{µ3¦)L§¥ A)´©lCþ/ª
˜ U\ § ˜„)ÒØ2´©lCþ
Œ±l,˜‡ Ý"À©lCþ{µm `²
¼ê| 5
¤¢©lCþ{§ Ÿþ ´Ï éÜ ·
¼ê | •{µ|^ ¼ê|§ò™•
¼êÐm§r ‡©•§z•~‡©•§ ±¦
)"‡¦ƒA ¼ê|镧Ú>.^
‡Ñ“Ü·”
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 18 / 59
©lCþ{
¥%gŽ

E±üà ½u ɽ Ä•~
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
XJ•§šàg‘f (x, t) /ª' {ü§KŒU¦
Ü· A)§¦ •§Ú>.^‡Óžàgz

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 19 / 59
©lCþ{
¥%gŽ

E±üà ½u ɽ Ä•~
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
XJ•§šàg‘f (x, t) /ª' {ü§KŒU¦
Ü· A)§¦ •§Ú>.^‡Óžàgz
ØLÏ~œ¹ešàg‘' E,§J±¦ šàg
•§ A)"l©lCþ{ Ä gŽ\Ã
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 19 / 59
©lCþ{
¥%gŽ

Œ± {é ˜| ¼ê{Xn (x), n = 1, 2, · · · }§•

‡ù| ¼ê´ §ÒŒ±ò)u(x, t)9šà
g•§ šàg‘f (x, t)þU ¼êÐm
∞
X
u(x, t) = Tn (t)Xn (x)
n=1
X∞
f (x, t) = gn (t)Xn (x)
n=1

, “\•§ {¦ÑTn (t)=Œ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 20 / 59
©lCþ{
¥%gŽ

Œ± {é ˜| ¼ê{Xn (x), n = 1, 2, · · · }§•

‡ù| ¼ê´ §ÒŒ±ò)u(x, t)9šà
g•§ šàg‘f (x, t)þU ¼êÐm
∞
X
u(x, t) = Tn (t)Xn (x)
n=1
X∞
f (x, t) = gn (t)Xn (x)
n=1

, “\•§ {¦ÑTn (t)=Œ

'uTn (t) ~‡©•§(|)§¦)ŒU' N´
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 20 / 59
©lCþ{
XÛÀ ¼ê

•{ü ‰{´ÀJ{Xn (x)}•ƒAàg½)¯K

¼ê§=÷vdƒA àg ‡©•§Úàg>
.^‡
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
©lCþ Š¯K
Xn00 (x) + λn Xn (x) = 0
Xn (0) = 0 Xn (l) = 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 21 / 59
©lCþ{
XÛÀ ¼ê

•{ü ‰{´ÀJ{Xn (x)}•ƒAàg½)¯K

¼ê
 nπ 2
Š λn = n = 1, 2, 3, · · ·
l
nπ
¼ê Xn (x) = sin x
l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 21 / 59
©lCþ{
XÛÀ ¼ê

•{ü ‰{´ÀJ{Xn (x)}•ƒAàg½)¯K

¼êù«){¡•

UƒAàg¯K ¼êÐm{

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 21 / 59
©lCþ{
XÛÀ ¼ê

•{ü ‰{´ÀJ{Xn (x)}•ƒAàg½)¯K

¼êù«){¡•

UƒAàg¯K ¼êÐm{

£Fp“?ê{¤

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 21 / 59
©lCþ{
)KòV
1 ¦ÑƒAàg¯K ¼êXn (x)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 22 / 59
©lCþ{
)KòV
1 ¦ÑƒAàg¯K ¼êXn (x)
2 òu(x, t)9f (x, t)UƒAàg¯K ¼
êXn (x)Ðm

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 22 / 59
©lCþ{
)KòV
1 ¦ÑƒAàg¯K ¼êXn (x)
2 òu(x, t)9f (x, t)UƒAàg¯K ¼
êXn (x)Ðm
3 òu(x, t)9f (x, t)Ðm ?ê“\ ‡©•§§Š
â ¼ê 5§ ÑTn (t)÷v ~‡©•
§

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 22 / 59
©lCþ{
)KòV
1 ¦ÑƒAàg¯K ¼êXn (x)
2 òu(x, t)9f (x, t)UƒAàg¯K ¼
êXn (x)Ðm
3 òu(x, t)9f (x, t)Ðm ?ê“\ ‡©•§§Š
â ¼ê 5§ ÑTn (t)÷v ~‡©•
§
4 òЩ^‡Uì ¼êXn (x)Ðm

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 22 / 59
©lCþ{
)KòV
1 ¦ÑƒAàg¯K ¼êXn (x)
2 òu(x, t)9f (x, t)UƒAàg¯K ¼
êXn (x)Ðm
3 òu(x, t)9f (x, t)Ðm ?ê“\ ‡©•§§Š
â ¼ê 5§ ÑTn (t)÷v ~‡©•
§
4 òЩ^‡Uì ¼êXn (x)Ðm
5 òu(x, t) Ðmª“\Щ^‡§Šâ ¼ê
5§ ÑTn (t)÷v Щ^‡

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 22 / 59
©lCþ{
)KòV
1 ¦ÑƒAàg¯K ¼êXn (x)
2 òu(x, t)9f (x, t)UƒAàg¯K ¼
êXn (x)Ðm
3 òu(x, t)9f (x, t)Ðm ?ê“\ ‡©•§§Š
â ¼ê 5§ ÑTn (t)÷v ~‡©•
§
4 òЩ^‡Uì ¼êXn (x)Ðm
5 òu(x, t) Ðmª“\Щ^‡§Šâ ¼ê
5§ ÑTn (t)÷v Щ^‡
6 ¦ÑTn (t)§ Ñu(x, t)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 22 / 59
©lCþ{
˜)¦
(˜ ¦Ñ ƒ A à g ¯ K ¼ êXn (x)

üà ½u ɽ Ä
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 23 / 59
©lCþ{
˜)¦
(˜ ¦Ñ ƒ A à g ¯ K ¼ êXn (x)

üà ½u ɽ Ä
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

¦ÑƒAàg¯K ¼êXn (x)

nπ
Xn = sin x n = 1, 2, 3, · · ·
l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 23 / 59
©lCþ{
( òu(x, t)9
)ò 9f (x, t)U
Uƒ A à g ¯ K ¼êÐm

üà ½u ɽ Ä
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
òu(x, t)9f (x, t)þU ¼ê{Xn (x)}Ðm
∞
X ∞
X
u(x, t) = Tn (t)Xn (x), f (x, t) = gn (t)Xn (x)
n=1 n=1

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 24 / 59
©lCþ{
n)
(n ÑTn (t)÷
÷v ~‡©•§

üà ½u ɽ Ä
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

òu(x, t)9f (x, t)“\ ‡©•§

X∞ ∞
X ∞
X
00 2 00
Tn (t)Xn (x) − a Tn (t)Xn (x) = gn (t)Xn (x)
n=1 n=1 n=1

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 25 / 59
©lCþ{
n)
(n ÑTn (t)÷
÷v ~‡©•§

üà ½u ɽ Ä
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

|^Xn (x)¤÷v ~‡©•§§qz¤

X∞ ∞
X ∞
X
00 2
Tn (t)Xn (x) + a λn Tn (t)Xn (x) = gn (t)Xn (x)
n=1 n=1 n=1

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 25 / 59
©lCþ{
n)
(n ÑTn (t)÷
÷v ~‡©•§

üà ½u ɽ Ä
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

Šâ ¼ê 5 Tn (t)÷v •§

∂ 2u 2 ∂ 2u
2
−a 2
= f (x,t) ⇒ Tn00 (t)+λn a2 Tn (t) = gn (t)
∂t ∂x
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 25 / 59
©lCþ{
o)ò
(o òu(x, t)“
“\ Ð © ^ ‡ § Ñ Tn (t)÷
÷v Щ^‡

òu(x, t) Ðmª“\Щ^‡§•Œ
∞
X
Tn (0)Xn (x) = 0 =⇒ Tn (0) = 0
n=1

∞
X
Tn0 (0)Xn (x) = 0 =⇒ Tn0 (0) = 0
n=1

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 26 / 59
©lCþ{
Ê)¦
(Ê ¦ÑTn (t)

üà ½u ɽ Ä
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

Tn (t)÷v ~‡©•§ÐŠ¯K
Tn00 (t) + λn a2 Tn (t) = gn (t)
Tn (0) = 0 Tn0 (0) = 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 27 / 59
©lCþ{
Ê)¦
(Ê ¦ÑTn (t)

üà ½u ɽ Ä
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

Œ^~êC´{¦Ñ
Z t
l nπ
Tn (t) = gn (τ ) sin a(t − τ ) dτ
nπa 0 l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 27 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~µ-)~2
0
~ 2 -)~2§¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a = A0 sin ωt 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 28 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~µ-)~2
0
~ 2 -)~2§¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a = A0 sin ωt 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0 n nπ o
) òu(x, t)9f (x, t)U ¼ê sin x Ðm
∞ l
X nπ
u(x, t) = Tn (t) sin x
n=1
l
∞
2A0 X 1 − (−1)n nπ
A0 sin ωt = sin x sin ωt
π n=1 n l
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 28 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~µ-)~2
0
~ 2 -)~2§¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a = A0 sin ωt 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
“\•§§ ÑTn (t)÷v ‡©•§

00
 nπ 2 2A0 1 − (−1)n
T (t) + a Tn (t) = sin ωt
l π n

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 28 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~µ-)~2
0
~ 2 -)~2§¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a = A0 sin ωt 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
òu(x, t)“\Щ^‡§ ÑTn (t)÷v Щ^‡

T (0) = 0 T 0 (0) = 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 28 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~µ-)~2
0
~ 2 -)~2§¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a = A0 sin ωt 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
¦)Tn (t)÷v ~‡©•§ÐŠ¯K

00
 nπ 2 2A0 1 − (−1)n
T (t) + a Tn (t) = sin ωt
l π n
T (0) = 0 T 0 (0) = 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 28 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~µ-)~2
0
~ 2 -)~2§¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a = A0 sin ωt 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
Ïd
2A0 l2 1 − (−1)n 1
Tn (t) = sin ωt
π n (nπa)2 − (ωl)2
2A0 ωl3 1 − (−1)n 1 nπ
− 2 sin at
π a n2 (nπa)2 − (ωl)2 l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 28 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~µ-)~2

• §½)¯K )•

u(x, t) =
∞
4A0 l2 X 1 sin ωt 2n+1
2 2
sin πx
π n=0 2n+1 [(2n+1)πa] −(ωl) l
∞ 
4A0 ωl3 X 1 1
−
π 2 a n=0 (2n + 1)2 [(2n + 1)πa]2 − (ωl)2

2n + 1 2n + 1
× sin πat sin πx
l l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 29 / 59
©lCþ{
Ý/«•S -½¯K
~ 4 k½)¯K
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
+ = f (x, y) 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b
∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = 0 u x=a = 0 0≤y≤b
u y=0
=0 u y=b
=0 0≤x≤a
) ^U
Uƒ A à g ¯ K ¼êÐm •{¦)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 30 / 59
©lCþ{
Ý/«•S -½¯K
~ 4 k½)¯K
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
+ = f (x, y) 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b
∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = 0 u x=a = 0 0≤y≤b
u y=0
=0 u y=b
=0 0≤x≤a
Œ ∞
X nπ
u(x, y) = Yn (y) sin x
n=1
a
∞
X nπ
f (x, y) = gn (y) sin x
n=1
a

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 30 / 59
©lCþ{
Ý/«•S -½¯K
~ 4 k½)¯K
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
+ = f (x, y) 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b
∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = 0 u x=a = 0 0≤y≤b
u y=0
=0 u y=b
=0 0≤x≤a
“\•§Ú>.^‡§Œ
 nπ 2
00
Yn (y) − Yn (y) = gn (y)
a
Yn (0) = 0 Yn (b) = 0

dd=Œ¦ÑYn (y)
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 30 / 59
©lCþ{
Ý/«•S -½¯K
~ 4 k½)¯K
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
+ = f (x, y) 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b
∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = 0 u x=a = 0 0≤y≤b
u y=0
=0 u y=b
=0 0≤x≤a
) •Œ ∞
X mπ
u(x, y) = Xm (x) sin y
m=1
b
∞
X mπ
f (x, y) = hm (x) sin y
m=1
b

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 30 / 59
©lCþ{
Ý/«•S -½¯K
~ 4 k½)¯K
∂ 2u ∂ 2u
+ = f (x, y) 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b
∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = 0 u x=a = 0 0≤y≤b
u y=0
=0 u y=b
=0 0≤x≤a
“\•§Ú>.^‡§Œ
 mπ 2
00
Xm (x) − Xm (x) = hm (x)
b
Xm (0) = 0 Xm (a) = 0

dd½Œ¦ÑXm (y)
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 30 / 59
©lCþ{
µã

Fùü«‰{vk K O

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 31 / 59
©lCþ{
µã

Fùü«‰{vk K O
̇ ØÓ´šàg‘gn (y)Úhm (x) ¼ê/ªŒU
ØÓ§Ï 3'uYn (y)ÚXm (x) šàgü‡~‡©
•§
 nπ 2
00
Yn (y) − Yn (y) = gn (y)
a
 mπ 2
00
Xm (x) − Xm (x) = hm (x)
b
¥ŒUk˜‡•´u¦)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 31 / 59
©lCþ{
-?êÐm

„Œ±•Ä•?˜Ú ‰{§=òu(x, y)Úf (x, y)Q

U ¼ê{Xn (x)}!qU ¼ê{Ym (y)}Ðm(•
-?ê)
∞ X ∞
X nπ mπ
u(x, y) = cnm sin x sin y
n=1 m=1
a b
∞ X ∞
X nπ mπ
f (x, y) = dnm sin x sin y
n=1 m=1
a b

ÐmXêcnm –¦§
4 b a
Z Z
nπ mπ
dnm = f (x, y) sin x sin y dx dy
ab 0 0 a b
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 32 / 59
©lCþ{
-?êÐm

òÐmª“\•§
∞ X ∞   
X nπ 2  mπ 2 nπ mπ
− cnm + sin x sin y
n=1 m=1
a b a b
∞ X
∞
X nπ mπ
= dnm sin x sin y
n=1 m=1
a b

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 33 / 59
©lCþ{
-?êÐm

òÐmª“\•§
∞ X ∞   
X nπ 2  mπ 2 nπ mπ
− cnm + sin x sin y
n=1 m=1
a b a b
∞ X
∞
X nπ mπ
= dnm sin x sin y
n=1 m=1
a b

Šâ ¼ê 5§' Xê§=
  
nπ 2  mπ 2
−cnm + = dnm
a b

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 33 / 59
©lCþ{
-?êÐm

Ïd
dnm
cnm = − 
nπ 2  mπ 2

+
a b

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 34 / 59
©lCþ{
-?êÐm

Ïd
dnm
cnm = − 
nπ 2  mπ 2

+
a b
∞ X
∞ 
X dnm
u(x, y) = −  nπ 2  mπ 2
n=1 m=1 +
a b
nπ mπ
× sin x sin y
a b

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 34 / 59
©lCþ{
-?êÐm

ru(x, y)UìƒA ¼ê| Ð m¤Xꕆ

gCþÃ'~ê ?ê/ª

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 35 / 59
©lCþ{
-?êÐm

ru(x, y)UìƒA ¼ê| Ð m¤Xꕆ

gCþÃ'~ê ?ê/ª

Ðm·^u•§šàg,>.^‡þàg -
½5¯K

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 35 / 59
©lCþ{
-?êÐm

ru(x, y)UìƒA ¼ê| Ð m¤Xꕆ

gCþÃ'~ê ?ê/ª

Ðm·^u•§šàg,>.^‡þàg -
½5¯K
Ðm •§´“ꕧ§' N´)Ñ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 35 / 59
©lCþ{
-?êÐm

ru(x, y)UìƒA ¼ê| Ð m¤Xꕆ

gCþÃ'~ê ?ê/ª

Ðm·^u•§šàg,>.^‡þàg -
½5¯K
Ðm •§´“ꕧ§' N´)Ñ
Ðm )õ ˜-¦Ú

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 35 / 59
©lCþ{
-?êÐm

ru(x, y)UìƒA ¼ê| Ð m¤Xꕆ

gCþÃ'~ê ?ê/ª

Ðm·^u•§šàg,>.^‡þàg -
½5¯K
Ðm •§´“ꕧ§' N´)Ñ
Ðm )õ ˜-¦Ú
3äN¦)L§¥Ðm -ꦌUõ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 35 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

E±üà ½u ɽ Ä•~
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = ϕ(x) = ψ(x) 0 ≤ x ≤ l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 36 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

E±üà ½u ɽ Ä•~
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a = f (x, t) 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 u x=l = 0 t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = ϕ(x) = ψ(x) 0 ≤ x ≤ l
∂t t=0
|^u(x, t) = w(x, t) + v(x, t)§Œ±ò¯K=z•

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 36 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

u(x, t) = w(x, t) k +v(x, t)

∂ 2w 2
2∂ w ∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
−a = 0 − a = f (x, t)
∂t2 ∂x2 ∂t2 ∂x2
w x=0 = 0 w x=l = 0 + v x=0 = 0 v x=l = 0
∂w ∂v
w t=0 = ϕ(x) = ψ(x) v = 0 =0
∂t t=0 t=0 ∂t x=l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 37 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

u(x, t) = w(x, t) k +v(x, t)

∂ 2w 2
2∂ w ∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
−a = 0 − a = f (x, t)
∂t2 ∂x2 ∂t2 ∂x2
w x=0 = 0 w x=l = 0 + v x=0 = 0 v x=l = 0
∂w ∂v
w t=0 = ϕ(x) = ψ(x) v = 0 =0
∂t t=0 t=0 ∂t x=l

éuw(x, t) ¦)§Œ±$^©lCþ{¦)"

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 37 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

u(x, t) = w(x, t) k +v(x, t)

∂ 2w 2
2∂ w ∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
−a = 0 − a = f (x, t)
∂t2 ∂x2 ∂t2 ∂x2
w x=0 = 0 w x=l = 0 + v x=0 = 0 v x=l = 0
∂w ∂v
w t=0 = ϕ(x) = ψ(x) v = 0 =0
∂t t=0 t=0 ∂t x=l

éuw(x, t) ¦)§Œ±$^©lCþ{¦)"
éuv(x, t)§·‚Œ±æ^¤¢ Àþ½n{"

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 37 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

rëYå Š^À•]žå U\
Z t
f (x, t) = f (x, τ )δ(t − τ ) dτ
0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 38 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

rëYå Š^À•]žå U\
Z t
f (x, t) = f (x, τ )δ(t − τ ) dτ
0
?Û˜‡]žåŠ^Úå Ľ)¯K•
∂ 2 v (τ ) 2 (τ )
2∂ v
− a = f (x, τ )δ(t − τ ) dτ 0 < x < l, t >
∂t2 ∂x2
v (τ ) x=0 = 0 v (τ ) x=l = 0 t≥0
(τ ) ∂v (τ )
v t=0
=0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 38 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

duŠ^žmš~ᧈ© Ä5Ø9u) £¶3

]žåŠ^c§ˆ© Ä„Ý•"§dÀþ½n§]
žåŠ^ §ˆ© Äk„Ý Cz"

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 39 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

duŠ^žmš~ᧈ© Ä5Ø9u) £¶3

]žåŠ^c§ˆ© Ä„Ý•"§dÀþ½n§]
žåŠ^ §ˆ© Äk„Ý Cz"
u´§

∂ 2 v (τ ) 2 (τ )
2∂ v
− a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
v (τ ) x=0 = 0 v (τ ) x=l = 0 t≥0
(τ ) ∂v (τ )
v t=0
=0 = f (x, τ ) dτ 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 39 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

duŠ^žmš~ᧈ© Ä5Ø9u) £¶3

]žåŠ^c§ˆ© Ä„Ý•"§dÀþ½n§]
žåŠ^ §ˆ© Äk„Ý Cz"
u´§

∂ 2 v (τ ) 2 (τ )
2∂ v
− a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
v (τ ) x=0 = 0 v (τ ) x=l = 0 t≥0
(τ ) ∂v (τ )
v t=0
=0 = f (x, τ ) dτ 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

^©lCþ{w,Œ±¦ ˆ]ž© Äv (τ ) (x, t)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 39 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

dU\ nΥ
t
X Z t
(τ )
v(x, t) = v (x, t) = v (τ ) (x, t) dτ
τ =0 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 40 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

dU\ nΥ
t
X Z t
(τ )
v(x, t) = v (x, t) = v (τ ) (x, t) dτ
τ =0 0

¦ v(x, t),•Ò¦ u(x, t) = w(x, t) + v(x, t)"

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 40 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

dU\ nΥ
t
X Z t
(τ )
v(x, t) = v (x, t) = v (τ ) (x, t) dτ
τ =0 0

¦ v(x, t),•Ò¦ u(x, t) = w(x, t) + v(x, t)"

ù«•{ guÀþ½n§¡•/Àþ½n{0"

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 40 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£¥%gŽ¤

dU\ nΥ
t
X Z t
(τ )
v(x, t) = v (x, t) = v (τ ) (x, t) dτ
τ =0 0

¦ v(x, t),•Ò¦ u(x, t) = w(x, t) + v(x, t)"

ù«•{ guÀþ½n§¡•/Àþ½n{0"
=ò]žå Š^=z•Ð©^‡5•Ä"

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 40 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£5¿¤

Àþ½n{ cJ´Ð©ž• Š•"

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 41 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£5¿¤

Àþ½n{ cJ´Ð©ž• Š•"

Àþ½n{éuàg>.^‡Ñ·^£1˜!
!na¤

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 41 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£5¿¤

Àþ½n{ cJ´Ð©ž• Š•"

Àþ½n{éuàg>.^‡Ñ·^£1˜!
!na¤
Àþ½n{ Ú½µ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 41 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£5¿¤

Àþ½n{ cJ´Ð©ž• Š•"

Àþ½n{éuàg>.^‡Ñ·^£1˜!
!na¤
Àþ½n{ Ú½µ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 41 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£5¿¤

Àþ½n{ cJ´Ð©ž• Š•"

Àþ½n{éuàg>.^‡Ñ·^£1˜!
!na¤
Àþ½n{ Ú½µ
(1)U •§£àgz§ Ñ© Ä•§¤

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 41 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£5¿¤

Àþ½n{ cJ´Ð©ž• Š•"

Àþ½n{éuàg>.^‡Ñ·^£1˜!
!na¤
Àþ½n{ Ú½µ
(1)U •§£àgz§ Ñ© Ä•§¤
(2)¦)•§£ ¹ëêτ © Ä•§¤

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 41 / 59
©lCþ{
Àþ½n{£5¿¤

Àþ½n{ cJ´Ð©ž• Š•"

Àþ½n{éuàg>.^‡Ñ·^£1˜!
!na¤
Àþ½n{ Ú½µ
(1)U •§£àgz§ Ñ© Ä•§¤
(2)¦)•§£ ¹ëêτ © Ä•§¤
(3)È©¦)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 41 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

8c•Ž§Ø 3-½¯K¥I‡k
˜Ü©>.^‡^u½U\Xê!Ï #N
´šàg ± §3A^©lCþ{) ‡
©•§½)¯Kž§·‚o´‡¦>.^‡
´àg

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 42 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

8c•Ž§Ø 3-½¯K¥I‡k
˜Ü©>.^‡^u½U\Xê!Ï #N
´šàg ± §3A^©lCþ{) ‡
©•§½)¯Kž§·‚o´‡¦>.^‡
´àg

•Ÿo>.^‡7L´àg º

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 42 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

šàg>.^‡ØU©lCþ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 43 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

šàg>.^‡ØU©lCþ
•k÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡ A)U\å
5âEU÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 43 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

šàg>.^‡ØU©lCþ
•k÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡ A)U\å
5âEU÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡
•Š Ï 9 ¼ê 5†
5

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 43 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

šàg>.^‡ØU©lCþ
•k÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡ A)U\å
5âEU÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡
•Š Ï 9 ¼ê 5†
5

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 43 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

šàg>.^‡ØU©lCþ
•k÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡ A)U\å
5âEU÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡
•Š Ï 9 ¼ê 5†
5

šàg>.^‡XÛ?nº

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 43 / 59
©lCþ{
Úó

šàg>.^‡ØU©lCþ
•k÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡ A)U\å
5âEU÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡
•Š Ï 9 ¼ê 5†
5

šàg>.^‡XÛ?nº
E±ÅÄ•§ ½)¯K•~

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 43 / 59
©lCþ{
½)¯K

• âÑšàg>.^‡§b½•§ÚЩ^‡àg

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 44 / 59
©lCþ{
½)¯K

• âÑšàg>.^‡§b½•§ÚЩ^‡àg
½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = µ(t) u x=l = ν(t) t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 44 / 59
©lCþ{
Ä gŽ

-u(x, t) = v(x, t) + w(x, t)§¦

v x=0
= µ(t)
v x=l
= ν(t)
u x=0
= µ(t)
=⇒ +
u x=l
= ν(t)
w x=0 = 0
w x=l = 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 45 / 59
©lCþ{
Ä gŽ

-u(x, t) = v(x, t) + w(x, t)§¦

v x=0
= µ(t)
v x=l
= ν(t)
u x=0
= µ(t)
=⇒ +
u x=l
= ν(t)
w x=0 = 0
w x=l = 0

•˜ ‡¦Ò´¦ w(x, t)÷vàg>.^‡§ K

þéuv(x, t)´Ä÷v•§±9t = 0ž ¼ê/ªv
k‡¦
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 45 / 59
©lCþ{
IOÚ½

∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = µ(t) u x=l = ν(t) t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 46 / 59
©lCþ{
IOÚ½

∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
−a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
u x=0 = µ(t) u x=l = ν(t) t≥0
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

z>.^‡àgz§Ïév(x, t)÷všàg>.^‡

v x=0
= µ(t), v x=l
= ν(t)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 46 / 59
©lCþ{
IOÚ½

z-u(x, t) = v(x, t)+w(x, t)§w(x, t)÷v ½)¯K

∂ 2w 2
 2 2

∂ w ∂ v ∂ v
2
−a2 2 = − 2
−a2 2 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂x
w(x, t) x=0 = 0 w(x, t) x=l = 0 t>0
∂w ∂v
w t=0
= −v t=0
=− 0<x<l
∂t t=0 ∂t
t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 47 / 59
©lCþ{
IOÚ½

z-u(x, t) = v(x, t)+w(x, t)§w(x, t)÷v ½)¯K

∂ 2w 2
 2 2

∂ w ∂ v ∂ v
2
−a2 2 = − 2
−a2 2 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂x
w(x, t) x=0 = 0 w(x, t) x=l = 0 t>0
∂w ∂v
w t=0
= −v t=0
=− 0<x<l
∂t t=0 ∂t
t=0

zÀJ (•{§)Ñw(x, t)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 47 / 59
©lCþ{
XÛÀ à gz ¼ê v(x, t)º
º

Ï•=‡¦v(x, t)÷v>.^‡

v(x, t) x=0
= µ(t) v(x, t) x=l
= ν(t)

¤±kƒ Œ ÀJ{/

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 48 / 59
©lCþ{
XÛÀ à gz ¼ê v(x, t)º
º

Ï•=‡¦v(x, t)÷v>.^‡

v(x, t) x=0
= µ(t) v(x, t) x=l
= ν(t)

¤±kƒ Œ ÀJ{/
Ø”rtw¤´ëê§3(x, y)²¡þ -‚
y = v(x, t)ÏL‰½ ü:(0, µ(t))Ú(l, ν(t))

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 48 / 59
©lCþ{
XÛÀ à gz ¼ê v(x, t)º
º

Ï•=‡¦v(x, t)÷v>.^‡

v(x, t) x=0
= µ(t) v(x, t) x=l
= ν(t)

¤±kƒ Œ ÀJ{/
Ø”rtw¤´ëê§3(x, y)²¡þ -‚
y = v(x, t)ÏL‰½ ü:(0, µ(t))Ú(l, ν(t))
Œ †‚v(x, t) = A(t)x + B(t)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 48 / 59
©lCþ{
XÛÀ à gz ¼ê v(x, t)º
º

Ï•=‡¦v(x, t)÷v>.^‡

v(x, t) x=0
= µ(t) v(x, t) x=l
= ν(t)

¤±kƒ Œ ÀJ{/
Ø”rtw¤´ëê§3(x, y)²¡þ -‚
y = v(x, t)ÏL‰½ ü:(0, µ(t))Ú(l, ν(t))
Œ †‚v(x, t) = A(t)x + B(t)
•Œ Ô‚v(x, t) = A(t)x2 + B(t)½v(x, t) =
A(t)(l − x)2 + B(t)x2

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 48 / 59
©lCþ{
XÛÀ à gz ¼ê v(x, t)º
º

Ï•=‡¦v(x, t)÷v>.^‡

v(x, t) x=0
= µ(t) v(x, t) x=l
= ν(t)

¤±kƒ Œ ÀJ{/
Ø”rtw¤´ëê§3(x, y)²¡þ -‚
y = v(x, t)ÏL‰½ ü:(0, µ(t))Ú(l, ν(t))
Œ †‚v(x, t) = A(t)x + B(t)
•Œ Ô‚v(x, t) = A(t)x2 + B(t)½v(x, t) =
A(t)(l − x)2 + B(t)x2
No ÀäNK8 ½

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 48 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
~ 5 ¦)½)¯K
∂u ∂ 2u
−κ 2 =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t ∂x
u x=0 = A sin ωt u x=l
=0 t≥0
u t=0
=0 0≤x≤l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 49 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
~ 5 ¦)½)¯K
∂u ∂ 2u
−κ 2 =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t ∂x
u x=0 = A sin ωt u x=l
=0 t≥0
u t=0
=0 0≤x≤l

) •þ{§ àgz¼ê•x ‚5¼ê§K

 x
v(x, t) = A 1 − sin ωt
l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 49 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
~ 5 ¦)½)¯K
∂u ∂ 2u
−κ 2 =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t ∂x
u x=0 = A sin ωt u x=l
=0 t≥0
u t=0
=0 0≤x≤l

-u(x, t) = v(x, t) + w(x, t)§w(x, t)÷v ½)¯K

∂w ∂ 2w  x
− κ 2 = −Aω 1 − cos ωt 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t ∂x l
w x=0 = 0 w x=l = 0 t≥0
w t=0
=0 0≤x≤l
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 49 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
~ 5 ¦)½)¯K
∂u ∂ 2u
−κ 2 =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t ∂x
u x=0 = A sin ωt u x=l
=0 t≥0
u t=0
=0 0≤x≤l

¦)w(x, t) (±elÑ)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 49 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø (˜
˜)

ÀJØÓ àgz¼êv(x, t)§ Ñ w(x, t)

½)¯K ,•ÒØÓ§¦Ñ w(x, t)•ÒØÓ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 50 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø (˜
˜)

ÀJØÓ àgz¼êv(x, t)§ Ñ w(x, t)

½)¯K ,•ÒØÓ§¦Ñ w(x, t)•ÒØÓ
½)¯K ) •3•˜5§ y • ‰Ñ
u(x, t)˜½´ƒÓ §¦+Lˆª /ªŒU
k¤ØÓ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 50 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø (˜
˜)

ÀJØÓ àgz¼êv(x, t)§ Ñ w(x, t)

½)¯K ,•ÒØÓ§¦Ñ w(x, t)•ÒØÓ
½)¯K ) •3•˜5§ y • ‰Ñ
u(x, t)˜½´ƒÓ §¦+Lˆª /ªŒU
k¤ØÓ
Œ±Jј‡•p ‡¦µÀJÜ· àgz¼
êv(x, t)§¦w(x, t)¤÷v ½)¯K¦ŒU{
ü

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 50 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø( )

•nŽ œ¹´µØØ 5u(x, t) •§´Ø´

àg §•ªw(x, t) •§´àg

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 51 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø( )

•nŽ œ¹´µØØ 5u(x, t) •§´Ø´

àg §•ªw(x, t) •§´àg
Òþ¡ ½)¯K ó§ù¿›X‡¦àgz¼
êv(x, t)•´•§ )

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
−a =0
∂t2 ∂x2

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 51 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø( )

•nŽ œ¹´µØØ 5u(x, t) •§´Ø´

àg §•ªw(x, t) •§´àg
Òþ¡ ½)¯K ó§ù¿›X‡¦àgz¼
êv(x, t)•´•§ )

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
−a =0
∂t2 ∂x2
éu, AÏ µ(t)Úν(t)§Œ±‰ ù˜:

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 51 / 59
©lCþ{
?Ø( )

•nŽ œ¹´µØØ 5u(x, t) •§´Ø´

àg §•ªw(x, t) •§´àg
Òþ¡ ½)¯K ó§ù¿›X‡¦àgz¼
êv(x, t)•´•§ )

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
−a =0
∂t2 ∂x2
éu, AÏ µ(t)Úν(t)§Œ±‰ ù˜:
ù«•{¡•
ò•§Ú>.^‡Óžàgz
ØØ 5 •§´Ø´àg
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 51 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
~ 6 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
∂u
u x=0 = 0 = A sin ωt t ≥ 0
∂x x=l
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 52 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
~ 6 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
∂u
u x=0 = 0 = A sin ωt t ≥ 0
∂x x=l
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
) éàgz¼êv(x, t)§ò•§Ú>.^‡Óžà
gz

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 52 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
~ 6 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
∂u
u x=0 = 0 = A sin ωt t ≥ 0
∂x x=l
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
•Ä šàg>.^‡ äN/ª§ àgz¼ê•

v(x, t) = f (x) sin ωt

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 52 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
~ 6 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
∂u
u x=0 = 0 = A sin ωt t ≥ 0
∂x x=l
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0

∂ 2v 2
2∂ v
 ω 2
− a = 0 00
f (x)+ f (x) = 0
∂t2 ∂x2 ⇒ a
∂v f (0) = 0 f 0 (l) = A
v x=0= 0 = A sin ωt
∂x x=l
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 52 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
~ 6 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
∂u
u x=0 = 0 = A sin ωt t ≥ 0
∂x x=l
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
dd=Œ¦Ñf (x)
Aa 1 ω
f (x) = sin x
ω cos(ωl/a) a

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 52 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
~ 6 ¦)½)¯K
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u
− a =0 0 < x < l, t > 0
∂t2 ∂x2
∂u
u x=0 = 0 = A sin ωt t ≥ 0
∂x x=l
∂u
u t=0 = 0 =0 0≤x≤l
∂t t=0
9v(x, t)
Aa 1 ω
v(x, t) = sin x sin ωt
ω cos(ωl/a) a

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 52 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~
zw(x, t)÷v ½)¯K•
∂ 2u 2
2∂ u ∂ 2w 2
2∂ w
−a = 0=⇒ 2 − a =0
∂t2 ∂x2 ∂t ∂x2
u x=0 = 0 =⇒ w x=0 = 0
∂u ∂w
= A sin ωt=⇒ =0
∂x ∂x
x=l x=l
u t=0
=0 =⇒ w t=0
=0
∂u ∂w Aa ω
=0 =⇒ =− sin x
∂t ∂t cos(ωl/a) a
t=0 t=0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 53 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~

Ï•w(x, t)÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡§˜„)•
∞  
X 2n+1 2n+1 2n+1
w(x, t) = Cn sin πat+Dn cos πat sin πx
n=0
2l 2l 2l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 54 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~

Ï•w(x, t)÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡§˜„)•
∞  
X 2n+1 2n+1 2n+1
w(x, t) = Cn sin πat+Dn cos πat sin πx
n=0
2l 2l 2l

ŠâЩ^‡§Œ±½Ñ Z
l
4A 1 ω 2n + 1
Cn = − sin x sin πx dx
ωl 2n + 1 0 a 2l
π cos
a
4Aωa 1
= (−)n
(2n + 1)πa ω 2 − [(2n + 1)πa/2l]2
Dn = 0

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 54 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~

Ï•w(x, t)÷vàg•§Úàg>.^‡§˜„)•
∞  
X 2n+1 2n+1 2n+1
w(x, t) = Cn sin πat+Dn cos πat sin πx
n=0
2l 2l 2l

ŠâЩ^‡§Œ±½Ñ Z
l
4A 1 ω 2n + 1
Cn = − sin x sin πx dx
ωl 2n + 1 0 a 2l
π cos
a
4Aωa 1
= (−)n
(2n + 1)πa ω 2 − [(2n + 1)πa/2l]2
Dn = 0 • Ñu(x, t)=Œ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 54 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~

~ 7 e~XÛéA)¦ •§ >.àgzº
 2
∂ u ∂ 2u

∂u
−κ + =0 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b, t > 0
∂t ∂x2 ∂y 2
u x=0 = µ(y) u x=a = ν(y) 0 < y < b, t ≥ 0
∂u ∂u
y=0
= α(x) = β(x) 0 < x < a, t ≥ 0
∂y ∂y y=b
u t=0 = φ(x, y) 0≤x≤l

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 55 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~

~ 7 e~XÛéA)¦ •§ >.àgzº
 2
∂ u ∂ 2u

∂u
−κ 2
+ 2 =0 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b, t > 0
∂t ∂x
ATrƒA-½5¯K )Š•A) ∂y
u x=0
2
= µ(y)
2
u x=a = ν(y) 0 < y < b, t ≥ 0
∂
∂u + v ∂ v
2 =∂y α(x)
2
= 0∂u = β(x) 0 0<<x x<<a,a,t ≥
0<0y<b
∂y∂x y=0 ∂y y=b

u t=0 = φ(x, y) v x=a = ν(y) 0 0≤<x y≤<l b

v x=0
= µ(y)
∂v ∂v
= α(x) = β(x) 0 < x < a
∂y y=0 ∂y y=b

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 55 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~

~ 7 e~XÛéA)¦ •§ >.àgzº
 2
∂ u ∂ 2u

∂u
−κ 2
+ 2 =0 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b, t > 0
∂t ∂x
ATrƒA-½5¯K )Š•A) ∂y
u x=0
2
= µ(y)
2
u x=a = ν(y) 0 < y < b, t ≥ 0
∂
∂u + v ∂ v
2 =∂y α(x)
2
= 0∂u = β(x) 0 0<<x x<<a,a,t ≥
0<0y<b
∂y∂x y=0 ∂y y=b

u t=0 = φ(x, y) v x=a = ν(y) 0 0≤<x y≤<l b

v x=0
= µ(y)
∂v ∂v
= α(x) = β(x) 0 < x < a
∂y y=0 ∂y y=b
¯ K XJ†¤ƒAÅÄ•§ ¯KTXÛº

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 55 / 59
©lCþ{
Þ~

~ 7 e~XÛéA)¦ •§ >.àgzº
 2
∂ u ∂ 2u

∂u
−κ 2
+ 2 =0 0 < x < a, 0 < y < b, t > 0
∂t ∂x
ATrƒA-½5¯K )Š•A) ∂y
u x=0
2
= µ(y)
2
u x=a = ν(y) 0 < y < b, t ≥ 0
∂
∂u + v ∂ v
2 =∂y α(x)
2
= 0∂u = β(x) 0 0<<x x<<a,a,t ≥
0<0y<b
∂y∂x y=0 ∂y y=b

u t=0 = φ(x, y) v x=a = ν(y) 0 0≤<x y≤<l b

v x=0
= µ(y)
∂v ∂v
= α(x) = β(x) 0 < x < a
∂y y=0 ∂y y=b
¯ K XJ†¤ƒAÅÄ•§ ¯KTXÛº
¯ K ù«•{I‡ ^‡´Ÿoº
() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 55 / 59
©lCþ{
©lCþ{o(

u =v+w w

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 56 / 59
©lCþ{
©lCþ{o(

±þ¦)•{Ñ´ é“Ý/”«•¦)

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 57 / 59
©lCþ{
©lCþ{o(

±þ¦)•{Ñ´ é“Ý/”«•¦)
k šÝ/«• ¯K§Œ± {z¤Ý/«•

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 57 / 59
©lCþ{
©lCþ{o(

±þ¦)•{Ñ´ é“Ý/”«•¦)
k šÝ/«• ¯K§Œ± {z¤Ý/«•
Ý/«• Ÿþ´àg>.^‡Œ©lCþ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 57 / 59
©lCþ{
©lCþ{o(

±þ¦)•{Ñ´ é“Ý/”«•¦)
k šÝ/«• ¯K§Œ± {z¤Ý/«•
Ý/«• Ÿþ´àg>.^‡Œ©lCþ
Ïd¢y©lCþ{§Ø •§‚5 §•-‡
Ò´Ï錩lCþ àg>.^‡

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 57 / 59
©lCþ{
©lCþ{o(

±þ¦)•{Ñ´ é“Ý/”«•¦)
k šÝ/«• ¯K§Œ± {z¤Ý/«•
Ý/«• Ÿþ´àg>.^‡Œ©lCþ
Ïd¢y©lCþ{§Ø •§‚5 §•-‡
Ò´Ï錩lCþ àg>.^‡
éušÝ/«• ¯K§Œ±ÏL‹IC† •
ª {¼ Œ©lCþ àg>.^‡
ÆM§Hí;§5AϼêVØ6N¹

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 57 / 59
©lCþ{
©lCþ{o(

~ 8 Á?Ø † n /«• 9D ¯K§†

>þ§Ý®•(§Ý©ÙØé¡)§ >þý9

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 58 / 59
©lCþ{
©lCþ{o(

) òT«•?U¤Xe«•=Œ

() 1nù ©lCþ{( ) 59 / 59