ASSESSMENT OF EMPTY NEST SYNDROME AMONG ELDERLY

AND THEIR SELF MANAGEMENT

A Thesis
for the Course
Nursing Research

Presented to the
Faculty of Nursing
Mabini Colleges, Inc.
Daet, Camarines Norte

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Nursing

RODRIGUEZ, ANGELICA C.
2024
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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Everyone perceives aging as a natural aspect of life. Activity levels

change as we age. Numerous changes accompany it, and health issues may

make things more difficult. Occasionally, parents may lessen their children's

opportunities for socialization as well as the responsibilities of their duties and

free time. 60 years of age and up are often considered to be the elderly. Because

of work placements or starting their own families, children may have left the

home during this time. This is often the age at which people retire. A close friend

of the married couple may have died, or one of the partners may have passed

away. Due to these living circumstances, an older person may feel abandoned

and neglected and left to fend for himself.

The number of suicides has been increasing across the country, and this

tendency disproportionately affects seniors. According to the Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention, those 65 years of age or older were responsible for

almost 8,500 of the more than 47,000 suicides that took place in 2017. The

highest suicide risk was found in men 65 years of age and older, whereas the

second-highest suicide death rate was found in people 85 years of age and

older, regardless of gender. One of the leading causes of death is loneliness.

Elderly folks may be living alone and coping with the death of a lifelong spouse,
 3

or they may be mourning the loss of other close friends or family members.

(Axelrod 2019).

Empty nest syndrome is a common phenomenon among elderly

individuals, which refers to the feelings of loneliness, sadness, and loss that

parents experience when their children leave home. Self-management may be a

useful method for dealing with empty nest syndrome since it entails engaging in

activities that individuals start and carry out on their own behalf in order to

sustain their life, health, and well-being. Self-management practices may be

cost-effective strategy for preventing infirmity in community-dwelling older

individuals. However, older persons frequently struggle to manage their medical

care, and a variety of factors, including health literacy, mental health issues, and

socioeconomic status, might impact an older adult's capacity to self-

manage.Therefore, it is important to explore the self-management practices and

challenges of elderly individuals with empty nest syndrome, as well as identify

the factors that facilitate or hinder their self-management behaviors.

Once the Empty Nest Syndrome first emerged, "empty nests" were very

rare until the 20th century. Most families continued to live together until their

parents passed away. Parents may choose to live in multigenerational houses

with their grown children in some circumstances, while married or single children

may choose to stay in the family home in others. However, in many civilizations

and cultures, it became more common for parents to live alone after their children

grew up and left home as family sizes shrank and cultural norms changed. After
 4

their children move out, many parents go through a phase of mourning known as

"empty nest syndrome." Although not a recognized disease, parents' sadness

and isolation are common occurrences. They mourn its passing (Swaim, 2022).

By understanding the self-management experiences and needs of elderly

individuals with empty nest syndrome, healthcare providers and policymakers

can develop tailored interventions and policies to support their well-being and

quality of life.

The relevance of studying Empty Nest Syndrome to the nursing profession

and practice research is significant for several reasons like understanding patient

needs, enhancing patient-centered care, identifying risk factors and protective

factors, informing nursing interventions and advancing nursing education and

training. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of Empty Nest Syndrome, nurses

can offer appropriate support and interventions to promote mental health and

well-being. It also allows nurses to adopt a patient-centered approach to care

that considers not only physical health but also emotional and social needs

emphasizing the importance of addressing all aspects of a patient's well-being.

Nurses can use evidence-based strategies to help patients cope with feelings of

loneliness, depression, and loss, fostering a sense of purpose and fulfillment in

later life stages.

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Statement of the Problem

The research investigated the empty nest syndrome among the

elderly in Vinzons, Camarines Norte. Specifically, this research sought answer on

the following sub-questions:

Specifically, it will answer the following:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of?

A. age,

B. sex,

C. marital status,

D. number of children,

E. education attainment, and;

F. living condition?

2. What are the manifestation relating to Empty Nest Syndrome among

the elderly as to:

A. Loss of Purpose

B. Frustration Over Lack of Control

C. Emotional stress

D. Marital stress

E. Anxiety about children

3. What self-management on Empty Nest Syndrome does the elderly

applies along:

A. Explore New Hobbies

 6

B. Engaging volunteer activities in local organization, school, church,

or charities

C. Join Clubs/Groups in the community Organizations

D. Stay connected with family and friends

E. Stay active in physical activity

4. What recommendation can be proposed to improve self-management

on Empty Nest Syndrome?

Assumptions of the Study

The following were the assumptions of the study;

1. The profile of the respondents varies.

2.The manifestation of Empty Nest Syndrome varies.

3. Respondent’s self-management or strategy varies.

4. Recommendations can be proposed to improve self-management on

Empty Nest Syndrome.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The respondents in this study are elderly persons who were residing at

Barangay Sto. Domingo Vinzons, Camarines Norte, for at least a year. A survey

questionnaire was used as the main method of gathering study data from a total

of fifty (50) respondents who were sixty (60) years of age or older. This research

study was conducted within the first semester of the Academic Year of 2023 to

2024.
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Significance of the Study

The significance of this research study is to provide effective self-

management regarding the manifestation of Empty Nest Syndrome among the

elderly. The following will gain from the study's findings:

Elderly. The findings of this study may aid with self-management

strategies for coping with Empty Nest Syndrome. They can provide the essential

care, emotional support, nourishment, and prevention of mental disorders.

Family. The study's findings will help families improve their relationships,

especially with the elderly. Knowing the kind of immediate care they can provide

for elderly persons in their home would be significant. .

Community. According to the study's findings, the aged should have a

standing in society that encourages them to participate in activities. When they

assist and support the needs of senior citizens, they will feel more productive.

Student Nurse. This research will help them as future members of the

healthcare team to advocate for being vigilant and more aware of the current

circumstances of older persons, particularly with regard to their mental state and

the causes.

Gerontology Nurses. This research can empower them to better support

older adults during significant life transitions.

 8

Future Researchers. They will use this study as a guide, a resource for

their future research, and to expand their knowledge in order to achieve the

study's several objectives.

Definition of Terms

The following terms below were defined conceptually and/or operationally.

Assessment. Refers to the systematic process of gathering information

about individuals' psychological, social, and physical characteristics, behaviors,

and experiences, often for the purpose of diagnosis, evaluation, or intervention

planning.

Empty Nest Syndrome. Refers to the condition or collection of symptoms

displayed by the respondents, including a loss of purpose, frustration over lack of

control, emotional stress, marital status, and anxiety about children.

Elderly. Refers to an older adult with the age of 60 years old and above,

who were residing at Barangay Sto. Domingo, Vinzons Camarines Norte.

Living Conditions. refer to in which an individual resides.

Manifestation. Refers to the outward expressions or observable

indicators of Empty Nest Syndrome among elderly individuals can be assessed

through self-reported measures, clinical interviews, standardized psychological

assessments, and observations.

Self-management. Refers to a practice and activities that aid in the

avoidance or coping with Empty Nest Syndrome.

 9

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The related literature and studies were gathered from published,

unpulished thesis, books, and internet which contain studies concerning the

Empty Nest Syndrome among elderly and other facts relevant to this study were

found.

Review of Related Literature

This section reviewed ten locale and foreign literature presented below.

The literature below discussed the following topics related to empty nest

syndrome among elderly.

Transition period. The transitioning process can be interpreted as

disruptive due to the variety of changes in an individual's life during the

retirement period. Following retirement, a significant number of senior citizens

experience a lack of positive outlook. In reality, retirement has the potential to

precipitate a variety of severe mental health conditions, including depression and

anxiety (Lcsw 2023).

The menopause transition is a significant time in women's lives, causing

an increased risk of mental health concerns. Historically, theories like grief over

fertility loss or "empty nest syndrome" have been dispelled. A biopsychosocial

model emphasizes the role of hormonal changes during the transition, their direct

impact on the brain, and triggers menopausal symptoms like hot flashes, sleep
 10

disturbances, vaginal dryness, and cognitive complaints, negatively impacting

quality of life (Gordon et al., 2022).

Emotional Response. The weeks following the parents' goodbye to their

child when moving far are the most difficult and painful because it gives them a

wide range of emotions to process: pride, sadness, regret, anxiety, and

discombobulation. As they walk past their child's empty bedroom, many parents

find themselves fighting back tears ((Dodd, 2020).

There are 5 Signs of Empty Nest Syndrome; A Loss of Purpose,

Frustration Over Lack of Control, Emotional Stress, Marital Stress, and Anxiety

about Children. In a Loss of Purpose it says that parents whose children have

recently left the nest frequently experience this emotion. It can be difficult to

transition away from the active, daily responsibilities of parenting, especially if

you mostly defined yourself by your parenting role while your child was still living

at home. In Frustration Over Lack of Control, parenting becomes helicopter and

is characterized by over-involvement and hovering over a child. In Emotional

Distress, a parent may feel sad that their child has grown up or nervous in the

state that their child may go to marriage. In Marital Stress, an elderly couple

wants to reconnect with their partner as they aside their relationship and make

the family revolve around their child. And last is the Anxiety about your Children,

a parent always worrying about their child, checking and investigating their

actions on time (Lcsw 2022).

 11

Attachment figure. The idea of attachment explains how humans come

to be able to establish and sustain emotional bonds with one another, as well as

how these bonds affect our sense of self and others' growth. Parental figures, or

attachment figures, provide a stable base and a safe haven from which children

can explore the outside world (Johnson, 2019).

Women, particularly those in nuclear families, frequently suffer from the

"empty nest syndrome." When the cubs last married or moved out, elderly people

start to face empty nest syndrome. Women in their advanced years frequently

experience empty nest syndrome in its many manifestations (Pratiwi 2023).

Risk Factor. Older adults often experience adverse events like

bereavement, income drop, poor physical health and reduced sense of purpose,

often subject to ageism, affecting their mental health. Social isolation, lack of

access to quality support or service and abuse, particularly verbal abuse, are

significant risk factors for mental health conditions in older adults. About a

quarter experience abuse, often by their care provider, leading to serious

consequences such as depression and anxiety (World Health Organization:

WHO, 2023).

Psychological Impact. Suicide rates have been rising nationwide, with

seniors being disproportionately affected by this trend. Over 8,500 of the more

than 47,000 suicides that occurred in 2017 were committed by those 65 years of

age or older, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Men

65 years of age and older had the highest suicide risk, whereas adults 85 years

of age and older, male or female, have the second highest suicide death rate.
 12

Loneliness is one of the most prevalent cause of death. Elderly people may be

grieving the loss of other close family members or friends, or they may be living

in isolation and dealing with the death of a spouse of a lifetime (Axelrod 2019).

Collaborative Care. Health care professionals must actively include older

adults' families in the reablement processes in order to foster collaboration

between older adults, their children, and reablement services. This is especially

important because older adults and their children may not always communicate

all of their care-related needs to reablement services (Jakobsen et al. 2019).

A person's multidimensional health is promoted by home and community

care when they are between the ages of 60 and 79. However, it has no effect on

those over 80. It also increased the likelihood of maintaining and improving

physical health by 2.9%, reduced depression by 0.471, and improved cognitive

function by 0.704. On the other hand, it only benefitted elderly impaired people's

levels of life satisfaction and cognitive function. (Wang et al. 2022).

Review of Related Studies

There are 10 foreign and 1 locale studies presented below and discussed

the factors manifesting Empty Nest Syndrome among elderly.

A study of Bongyoga (2021) obtained the description of family quality of

life in parents with empty-nest syndrome. The study used a phenomenological

qualitative approach to explore the subjective understanding of parents in dealing

with this phenomenon. The participants were three pairs of parents in the middle

adult development stage who live apart from their children because they are
 13

married, working, or studying. The study found that empty-nest syndrome is a

common phenomenon that can affect the quality of life of parents.

Factors affecting Empty Nest Syndrome. Pratiwi (2023), used a

quantitative cross-sectional approach with a sample of 184 older women. The

analysis used is Chi-Square and Logistic Regression. The results showed that

the age of older women who experienced empty nest syndrome was 63.6%, in

the category of elderly old (57.6%), basic education (77.7%), non-work (58.7%)

and social activities (93.5%). Found that self-concept is the most dominant

variable associated with the empty nest syndrome.It suggests that older women

need to increase their social activities to reduce the risk of empty nest syndrome.

Song et al. (2023), examine the prevalence of depression among Chinese

empty nesters, an older population who live alone or without children. The meta-

analysis of ten research articles involving 5337 Chinese empty nesters found that

the overall prevalence of depression was 43%. Factors influencing depression

included female, income, marital status, chronic illness, relationship with children,

and social support. The study suggests that government departments can

intervene early to improve the mental health of empty nesters.

A meta-analysis of 46 studies in China found that empty-nest elderly is

more likely to suffer from depression than non-empty-nest elderly. The

prevalence was 38.6%, with mild depression being more common. Factors such

as living alone, higher male proportion, later publication year, and higher study

quality score were associated with higher depression prevalence. Regular

 14

screening and appropriate interventions are needed to address the negative

impact of depression on health outcomes and well-being (Zhang et al., 2020).

While on the study of Osarenren (2018), investigates the impact of empty-

nest syndrome and family life cycle on teachers' social and emotional adjustment

in Lagos State. It used a descriptive survey research design and adopted a multi-

stage sampling technique to select 300 teachers from 15 randomly selected

schools in three randomly selected education districts in Lagos. Four validated

research instruments to gather relevant data on the study variables. The

researcher tested nine hypotheses using 3-way ANOVA and Pearson Product

Moment Correlation. It found a significant difference in empty-nest syndrome

among teachers influenced by gender, marital adjustment, and family life cycle.

Manifestation of Empty Nest Syndrome. The study of Agimudie (2021)

investigated the empty nest phenomenon among single mothers of Caribbean

descent, involving nine mothers who lived alone for at least a year. It is a

qualitative study and the data was collected through interviews, and themes

emerged, including emotional responses like loneliness, worry, and inner conflict.

Supportive relationships were found to be a source of strength, and personal

growth was observed through self-understanding and spirituality.

Management in Empty Nest Syndrome. A study conducted by (Maurya,

2021), examined the well-being and coping methods of empty-nest elderly

individuals and assessed the connection between coping strategies and well-

being. A sample of 184 empty-nest elderly individuals (76 males and 108

females) participated and completed the Subjective Well-Being Inventory and

 15

Brief-COPE. The results revealed no significant gender difference in the well-

being of empty-nest elderly individuals. Males primarily employed behavioral

disengagement venting and planning, while females used emotional support,

self-distraction, and religion for coping. Emotional support, positive reframing,

planning, and acceptance were significant predictors of well-being in empty-nest

elders. Conversely, self-distraction, venting, religion, and self-blame were

negative predictors. Interventions for empty-nest elders could focus on coping

strategies to enhance their well-being.

The study of Rahmaniza et al. (2021) presents the findings of a

phenomenology study that used an in-depth interview and ten older adults who

were chosen through snowball sampling techniques. Collaizi's analysis methods

yielded five themes: older adults' responses while receiving home nursing, their

perceptions of the elderly while in Panti Werdha, and their adaptive coping

strategies when their families brought them to the orphanage. Older adults find

hope and exhibit various coping strategies such as worship, following rules,

engaging in physical activities like walking, and finding happiness in their current

situation.

Another study by Galiana et al. (2020), provides a broader perspective on

how coping strategies affect the well-being of the elderly. It employs literature-

based competitive structural equation models (SEM) to achieve this goal. The

survey included 857 older adults who were assessed using Ryff's Psychological

Well-being scales and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Several competitive

full SEMs were tested, and the results indicated that the best fitting model was
 16

the one in which the religious coping dimension was excluded. The remaining

dimensions, characterized by problem- and emotion-focused coping, were found

to explain both psychological and subjective well-being factors (χ2 (46)

=165.910, p<.001; CFI=.906; GFI=.957; RMSEA=.058 [.048, .067]). The

outcomes highlighted the importance of coping strategies for the elderly in

achieving satisfactory well-being, with special focus on coping strategies focused

on emotions, which showed the highest and negative power of prediction over

the two aspects of well-being.

In line with the study by Rilveria (2018), it utilized a quantitative study to

measure the coping strategies of Filipinos towards stress and generate a

dispositional profile of Filipinos. Other research is often translated and adapted

from Western scales and concepts. Due to that reason, Rilveria imposed a

general scale in measuring their coping dispositions that will identify their

prominent coping behavior. The study pilot evaluated 627 male and female

Filipinos. The result showed that the coping strategies they possess include

being religious, problem solving skills, cognitive reappraisal, and

recreation/relaxation activities.

The study of C. Zhang et al. (2018), evaluates the Self-Mutual-Group

model's effectiveness in increasing social support among empty-nest elderly in

Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. The study involved 350 elderly aged 60-88

years, and the social support was assessed using the Social Support Rating

Scale. Results showed an increase in mean scores of support, objective support,

 17

subjective support, and support utilization, indicating the model's effectiveness in

improving their quality of life.

Synthesis of the State-of-the Art

The previous research project enabled the researcher to observe that a

significant amount of studies is similar to the one under investigation. The

researcher has acknowledged both commonalities and distinctions in relation to

the study they are conducting.

The previous qualitative study of Bongyoga (2021) explored the subjective

understanding of parents in dealing with empty nest syndrome which showed

relevance to the present study. However, the present study used a quantitative

approach and descriptive method which make the present study different.

The previous quantitative studies conducted by Pratiwi (2023); Song et al.

(2023); Zhang et al. (2020); and Osarenren (2018) investigated the factors

associated with empty nest syndrome among the elderly, as demonstrated in the

current study. However, the current study, which was done in Barangay Sto

Domingo Vinzons, Camarines Norte, focused not only on the causes but also on

the self-management practices of the elderly., which distinguishes the current

study.

The previous qualitative study of Agimudie (2021) investigated the

manifestation of empty nest syndrome, which is the emotional response of nine

single mothers who lived alone for at least a year in the Caribbean, and it was
 18

relevant to the current study. However, the current study used a quantitative

approach to assess the extent of engagement among the elderly in the

manifestation of ENS, took into account diverse living conditions or marital

statuses, and was done in Barangay Sto. Domingo Vinzons, Camarines Norte,

which distinguishes the current study.

The previous quantitative studies of Maurya (2021); Rahmaniza et al.

(2021); Galiana et al. (2020); Zhang et al. (2018); and Rilveria (2018) explored

the perception and coping strategies in empty nest syndrome among elderly

which showed the present study. However, the present study not only focused on

the self-management but also to assess elderly in the manifestation of empty

nest syndrome, and conducted in Barangay Sto. Domingo Vinzons, Camarines

Norte which make the present study different.

Research Gap Bridged by-the-Study

The present study has been conducted in Barangay Sto. Domingo

Vinzons, Camarines Norte, and utilizes a survey questionnaire to collect data.

There has been one such study in the College of Nursing and Midwifery at

Mabini Colleges Incorporated, which focuses on determining the presence of

Empty Nest Syndrome, whereas the current study intends to discover an

effective self-management strategy for older adults to enhance their quality of

life. This is the gap in which the study will attempt to bridge.

Theoretical Framework
 19

The Human Becoming Theory (1996), developed by nursing theorist

Rosemarie R. Parse, is used in the research of self-management in empty nest

syndrome among the elderly. This theory highlights the dynamic character of

individuals and their unique experiences. It sees people as active participants in

their own self-management processes, with a grasp of their subjective

experiences and the ability to make values-driven decisions. This theory drives

the investigation of how people traverse transitions, make self-management

decisions, and build meaning throughout this life period. It offers a

comprehensive, person-centered approach to self-management that recognizes

people' autonomy and unique experiences in developing their well-being.

In this study, with the context of Empty Nest Syndrome, nurses would

seek to understand how elderly individuals perceive and make sense of their

transition to an empty nest. This involves exploring their feelings, beliefs, and

values related to family dynamics, independence, and aging. By applying the

Human Becoming Theory to the study on Empty Nest Syndrome among elderly

individuals, researchers can gain valuable insights into the dynamic interplay

between individuals' subjective experiences, environmental influences, and self-

management strategies. This approach promotes a holistic understanding of

Empty Nest Syndrome that honors the unique perspectives and lived realities of

elderly individuals as they navigate this significant life transition.

 20

The Human Becoming Theory

(Parse 1996)

Nurses Engagement

Assessment

Self-Management Empty Nest Syndrome

Enhance the Quality

of
Senior Life
 21

Figure 1.

Theoretical Paradigm

Conceptual Framework

The working framework of this study utilized the modern system concept,

wherein it is illustrated in Figure 2, revolves around the interplay of independent

and dependent variables, elucidating the cause-and-effect dynamics related to

manifestation and self-management of empty nest syndrome among elderly.

The Independent Variable is deliberately manipulated to gauge its

potential impact on the dependent variable. In this context, the independent

variable of; the profile of the respondents in terms of; age, sex, marital status,

education attainment, number of children, and living condition. Additionally, it

includes the feature such as the manifestation of empty nest syndrome to the

respondents and the self-management that the elderly applies with its

effectiveness in their personal well-being.

Conversely, the Dependent Variable constitutes the effectiveness of self-

management to avoid empty nest syndrome to improve the quality of life among

elderly. Which can be viewed after the analysis of the answered in the research

problem.
 22

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

1. Profile of the respondents Adoption of Effective

in terms of?
age, sex, marital status,
number of children,
education attainment, and
living condition
2. The manifestation relating
to Empty Nest Syndrome
among the elderly.
Recommendations to
improve Self-Management
in Empty Nest Syndrome,
thereby improving the
Quality of Senior Life.

3. Self-management on
Empty Nest Syndrome
does the elderly applies.
 23

Figure 2.

Conceptual Paradigm

Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methods and strategies that were used to

conduct this study in order to obtain essential information. This includes

design/methodology, respondents of the study, sampling technique, research

instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment.

Research Design/ Methodology

The research methodology employed in this study is quantitative

descriptive research to the assessment of Empty Nest Syndrome among elderly

individuals and their self-management. It involves in systematically collecting

numerical data to describe the prevalence, characteristics, and factors. Data

collection techniques such as in-depth interviews standardized questionnaires

would be administered to assess Empty Nest Syndrome symptoms and self-

management behaviors.

Quantitative research, according to Haradhan (2020), is a

methodical and structured technique to studying phenomena that involves

 24

gathering and interpreting numerical data. It seeks to derive a numerical

description with relative precision and is distinguished by a deductive focus,

which entails moving from theory to data using a highly structured method. This

method includes the application of controls to ensure that the data is genuine and

reliable.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are fifty (50) elderly (with the aged of

60 years old and above) who were residing in Barangay Sto. Domingo, Vinzons

Camarines Norte.

Sampling Technique

Purposive sampling was used in the selection of the respondents. This

technique helped to attained the desired respondents of the study, since the

selection of the respondents was guided with the purpose of the research.

Research Instrument

Researcher made-questionnaire. A researcher made-questionnaire was

used to collect necessary data. The survey questionnaire made a corresponds to

the statement of the problem. Therefore, the survey questionnaire consists of

three (3) parts.

 25

Part 1 (Profile): The first section of the questionnaire is devised to collect

demographic details from the respondents. The respondents will provide

information such as Age, Sex, Marital Status, Number of Children, Educational

attainment, and Living condition.

Part 2 (Assessment): This segment of the questionnaire employs a

research made-questionnaire with 5 questions to assess the manifestations of

Empty Nest Syndrome to the respondents. A 4-point Likert Scale was utilized to

guide the response of the respondents to every statement.

Part 3 (Management): This part of the questionnaire employs a research

made-questionnaire to evaluate the respondents’ level of engagement and its

effectiveness on self-management. A 4-point Likert Scale was utilized to guide

the response of the respondents to every statement.

Data Gathering Procedure

A formal request was made through a letter addressed to the Dean of the

College of Nursing and Midwifery seeking permission to conduct the study. This

entailed a plan to carry out in a questionnaire form survey.

Upon approval of these requests, the selection of respondents began. A

thorough explanation of the study's objectives was provided to ensure a clear

understanding among the selected respondents. They were oriented on the data

collection process, emphasizing the significance of privacy, rights, and

confidentiality throughout. Documentation was also asked to provide evidences

during data collection.

 26

Statistical Treatment

The research will answer the following with an appropriate statistical tools.

The study used frequency and percentile, ranking, and weighted mean in

analyzing and interpreting data gathered of the respondents.

In problem one, the research used frequency count and percentage

technique to determine the majority in each choices in the demographic profile of

the respondents in terms of age, sex, marital status, number of children,

education attainment, and living condition.

In problem two, the research used weighted mean, average, and 4-point

Likert scale to measure the level of engagement of the respondents in the

manifestation of having Empty Nest Syndrome. To measure the weight of the

respondents, 4-point Likert Scale is used to convert their responses and

determine the manifestation of empty nest syndrome using a scale, whereas, 4

represent as Always; 3 represent as Often; 2 represent as Sometimes; and 1

represent as Never.

In problem three, the research used weighted mean, average, and 4-point

Likert scale to measure the level of effectiveness among the self-management on

Empty Nest Syndrome to the respondents. To measure the weight of the

respondents, 4-point Likert Scale is used to convert their responses and

determine how effective their self-management using a scale, whereas, 4

represent as Very Effective; 3 represent as Effective; 2 represent as Slightly

Effective; and 1 represent as Not Effective.

 27

Chapter 4

ASSESSMENT OF EMPTY NEST SYNDROME AMONG ELDERLY

AND THEIR SELF MANAGEMENT

This chapter dealt with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of

data. The data collected were treated with different statistical tools and

interpreted quantitatively. The order presentation of the data follows the order of

the sub-problems.

Profile of the Respondents

Table 1 to 6 corresponds to the profile of the respondents in terms; age,

sex, marital status, number of children, education attainment, and living

condition.

Age. The age of respondents is presented in Table 1.

Table 1 showed the age of the respondents which ranges from 60 years

old to 87 years old. The result showed that 35 elderly or 70 percent aged 60 to
 28

69 years old and it compromises the majority. The remaining 15 elderly or 30

percent aged 70 to 87 years old.

According to the findings of this study, the minimum age of respondents is

60 years old, and the oldest was 87 years old. 12 percent of responders are at

the age of 61. The respondents' ages range from old to oldest.

Table 1
Profile of the Respondents in terms of Age
(n= 50)

Age Frequency Percentage

60 4 8
61 6 12
62 4 8
63 3 5
64 5 10
65 3 5
66 3 5
67 2 4
68 2 4
69 3 5
70 2 4
71 2 4
72 3 6
75 3 6
77 2 4
 29

82 1 2
84 1 2
87 1 2
TOTAL: 50 100

It was understood by the research that ages 60 to 87 years old were at

risk in developing empty nest syndrome. Thus, the research expects that these

age group have different manifestation of empty nest syndrome. Therefore, it is

important to addressed the mental health problems by the elderly to promote

their well-being.

In another study conducted in China, the empty-nest elderly participants

ranged from 60 to 88 years old, with a mean age of 70.25 years. These findings

collectively suggest that individuals experiencing empty nest syndrome can be

considered elderly from the age of 60 onwards, with the specific age varying

based on the study population and location (Pratiwi, 2023).

Sex. The sex of the respondents is presented in Table 2.

Table 2
Profile of the respondents in terms of Sex
(n=50)

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 22 44
Female 28 56
TOTAL: 50 100
 30

Table 2 revealed that 28 elderly or 56 percent are females and they

compromised the majority. The other 22 elderly or 44 percent are males.

It was understood by the research that female elderly is common at home.

Thereby, most of the respondents subjected are women. However, sexes of

elderly people would not disregard the possible manifestation of empty nest

syndrome either men or women.

The study conducted by Pratiwi (2023) found that older women affected by

empty nest syndrome had an average age of 63.6%. It emphasized that Empty

nest syndrome is often experienced by women, especially in nuclear families.

Marital Status. The marital status of the respondents is presented in

Table 3.

Table 3
Profile of the respondents in terms of Marital Status
(n=50)

Marital Status Frequency Percentage

Single 10 20
Married 28 56
Widow 12 24
TOTAL: 50 100

Table 3 presented that 28 elderly or 56 percent belong to married which

compromised the majority. The remaining 10 elderly or 20 percent are single.

 31

It was understood by the research that most of the elderly were married

which reflect on the presence of family supporting them. Therefore, support from

spouses could decrease feelings of loneliness. While for those respondents who

answer single narrates that some of them has a child but they are not married

and there are few of them who chose to be single in life. Therefore, to those

respondents who chose to be single can find other forms of diversion strategies

to improve quality of life.

The study of Gao et al. (2021) focusing on older women in Indonesia

found that communication with partners was a variable related to the incidence of

empty nest syndrome, emphasizing the role of marital interactions in this

syndrome. As a result, the marital status of older people experiencing empty nest

syndrome varies, but the state of marital relationships seems to be an important

element in their mental health.

Number of Children. The number of children of the respondents is

presented in Table 4.

Table 4
Profile of the respondents in terms of Number of Children
(n=50)
 32

Number of Children Frequency Percentage

2 8 16

3 8 16

4 11 22

5 6 12

6 5 10

9 3 6

10 2 4

12 1 2

NONE 6 12

TOTAL: 50 100

Average Number of children: 6

The findings in Table 4 reveal insights into the family sizes among the

respondents. On average, families have six children. The data shows a range of

family sizes, with the largest family comprising 12 children, although this

particular respondent received the lowest score of 1. In contrast, a respondent

with four children achieved the highest score of 11. Additionally, the data

highlights that a significant minority, 12 percent or 6 elderly respondents, do not

have any children at all. This variation in family size among the respondents

provides a nuanced understanding of the demographic patterns within the

studied population.
 33

It was understood by the research that number of children vary as it

culturally attributable to the manifestation of empty nest syndrome.

The study of Mahdiyar et al. (2019) have found that anxiety, depression,

and loneliness levels are higher in parents, particularly mothers, after their

children leave home, with a positive correlation between the number of children

leaving and the level of experienced depression and anxiety.

Educational Attainment. The education attainment of the respondents is

presented in Table 5.

Table 5 presented that 19 elderly or 38 percent belong to high school

graduate and it compromised the majority and served as the highest score, while

5 elderly or 10 percent of the respondents are elementary which served as the

lowest score.

Table 5
Profile of the respondents in terms of Education Attainment
(n=50)

Educational Frequency Percentage

Attainment
College graduate 15 30

High School graduate 19 38

Elementary graduate 11 22

Elementary undergraduate 5 10

TOTAL: 50 100
 34

It was understood by the research that it indicates a significant portion of

the elderly that most of them has achieved at least a high school education,

which may reflect broader social and educational advancements over their

lifetimes. This suggests that a relatively small segment of the elderly did not

progress beyond elementary school, highlighting a disparity in educational

backgrounds within the group. These findings underscore the importance of

considering educational attainment in understanding the experiences and

perspectives of the elderly, particularly in relation to issues like empty nest

syndrome.

The findings of Wang et al. (2019) revealed that elderly with empty nest

syndrome in China often have higher education levels impacting their health-

related quality of life and psychological function.

Living Condition. The number of children of the respondents is

presented in Table 6.

The living condition will be described in terms of the type on which

household they belong to as it may culturally attributable.

 35

Table 6
Profile of the respondents in terms of Living Condition
Living Condition Frequency Percentage
Alone 6 12

With Spouse 14 28

With Children 21 42

With Other Relatives 9 18

TOTAL: 50 100

(n=50)

Table 6 showed 21 elderly or 42 percent are living with their children and it

compromised the majority. While 6 elderly or 12 percent are living alone and it

served as the lowest score.

It was understood by the research that living arrangement patterns is

significant among the elderly, with a notable correlation to the phenomenon of

empty nest syndrome. Specifically, the majority, accounting for 42 percent (21

individuals), reside with their children, which suggests a cultural or familial

tendency to maintain close-knit family structures. This arrangement could

mitigate feelings of loneliness and provide a support network, potentially

buffering against the emotional challenges often associated with empty nest

syndrome. In contrast, a smaller proportion, 12 percent (6 individuals), live alone,

representing the lowest percentage in the study. This living situation may

heighten vulnerability to empty nest syndrome, as the absence of immediate

 36

family presence could exacerbate feelings of isolation and loss. These findings

underline the importance of family dynamics in influencing the emotional well-

being of the elderly, particularly in the context of transitioning to an empty nest

phase.

According to the study of Rabiee et al. (2020) that is conducted in China,

where the issue of empty nest syndrome is prevalent, elderly empty nesters often

live alone or with a spouse. It gives support to the above the data as it shows that

some of the respondents were living alone or with their spouse only.

Manifestations of Empty Nest Syndrome among Elderly

Manifestations. The Manifestations of Empty Nest Syndrome among

Elderly is presented in Table 7.

Table 7 showed that the overall weighted mean is 2.04 which interpreted that

elderly “Often” experienced the empty nest syndrome.

The data implied that among all indicators the “Anxiety about Children” with a

weighted mean of 2.48 served as the highest scored indicator and the indicator

“Frustration Over Lack” with a weighted mean of 1.9 served as the lowest scored

indicator.

Table 7
Manifestations of Empty Nest Syndrome among Elderly
(n=50)
 37

INDICATORS WEIGHTED INTERPRETATION

MEAN
1.Loss of Purpose 2 Often
2.Frustration Over Lack of Control 1.9 Sometimes
3.Emotional Stress 1.88 Sometimes

4.Marital Stress 1.94 Sometimes

5.Anxiety about Children 2.48 Often

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN: 2.04 Often

LEGEND: 4 = Always – 4.00 – 3.00; 3 = Often – 2.99 – 2.00; 2 = Sometimes – 1.99 – 1.00;

1 = Never – 1.00 – 0.99

WM- Weighted Mean

The reasons narrated by the respondents include: when their children move

out, they often worry about their safety, their ability to handle responsibilities, and

their overall well-being without the immediate support of family.

It was understood by the research the significant emotional impact related

to "Anxiety about Children" among individuals experiencing empty nest

syndrome, indicating that concerns for their children's well-being and future

prospects are the most pronounced feelings during this transitional period. This

high level of anxiety could stem from worries about their children's ability to thrive

independently, safety, and overall happiness now that they are no longer under

the constant supervision of their parents. In contrast, the indicator "Frustration

Over Lack" scored the lowest, implying that parents do not feel as significantly

frustrated by a perceived lack of purpose or activity in their lives once their

children have left home. This might suggest that while the parents are deeply
 38

anxious about their children's new phase of life, they are relatively adept at

finding new roles and activities to fill the void left by their children's departure,

mitigating feelings of frustration over their own circumstances. This balance

between high anxiety for their children and low frustration over their own lack of

engagement highlights a complex emotional landscape where concern for their

offspring's well-being is paramount, yet there is an underlying resilience and

adaptability in adjusting to the new phase of life.

In line with the findings of Hilmanisa et al. (2022) revealed that parents may

experience a profound sense of loss and emptiness, especially mothers who feel

a lack of meaning or purpose after years of central involvement in their children's

lives.

Self-Management of Empty Nest Syndrome among Elderly

Self-Management. The self-management of empty nest syndrome among

elderly is presented in Table 8.

The analysis suggests a comprehensive set of strategies for personal well-

being and fulfillment, each evaluated based on their weighted mean

effectiveness.

Table 8 showed that the overall weighted mean is 2.84 which interpreted

that all of the above strategies are “Effective”.

Table 8
Self-Management of Empty Nest Syndrome among Elderly
 39

(n=50)

STRATEGIES WEIGHTED INTERPRETATION

MEAN
1. Explore New Hobbies 2.72 Effective

2. Engaging Volunteer Activities in Local 2.98 Effective

Organization, School, Church, or
Charities

3. Join Clubs/Groups in the Community 2.94 Effective

Organizations
4. Stay Connected with Family and 2.86 Effective
Friends

5. Stay Active in Physical Activity 2.7 Effective

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN: 2.84 Effective

LEGENDS: 4 = Very Effective – 4.00 – 3.00; 3 = Effective – 2.99 – 2.00; 2 = Slightly

Effective – 1.99 – 1.00; 1 = Not Effective – 1.00 – 0.99

WM- Weighted Mean

The data implied that among all indicators the “Engaging Volunteer Activities

in Local Organization, School, Church, or Charities” with a weighted mean of

2.98 served as the highest scored indicator. Meanwhile, the indicator “Stay active

in Physical” with a weighted mean of 2.7 served as the lowest scored indicator.

It was understood by the research that engaging in volunteer activities

within local organizations, schools, churches, or charities is the most effective

strategy for mitigating the effects of empty nest syndrome. This high-scoring

indicator highlights the importance of social involvement and community

engagement for individuals experiencing the transition of children leaving home.

 40

These activities likely provide a sense of purpose, community connection, and

fulfillment, which are crucial for emotional well-being during this life stage. In

contrast, the indicator for staying active in physical activities scored the lowest,

indicating that while physical activity is beneficial, it may not be as impactful in

addressing the emotional and psychological aspects of empty nest syndrome.

This suggests that social and community-based activities play a more significant

role in helping individuals adapt to the changes associated with their children

moving out, offering them meaningful ways to stay engaged and connected.

In line with the study of Zhang et al. (2021) it emphasized that joining a

group in the community can be a beneficial self-management strategy for elderly

individuals experiencing empty nest syndrome. Studies have shown that

interventions like Self-Mutual-Group (SMG) models can significantly improve the

quality of life and social support of empty-nest older adults.

Proposed Recommendations to improve Self-Management on Empty Nest

Syndrome among Elderly

After careful analysis of the data gathered, the research proposed self-

management outline to enhance the quality of life among elderly.

RECOMMENDATION STEPS
S
 41

Explore New Hobbies  Look into a variety of hobbies that cater to

different interests and skill levels. This could

include painting, gardening, photography,

writing, knitting, woodworking, birdwatching,

cooking, or learning a musical instrument.

 Incorporate hobby into daily or weekly

routine to establish a sense of structure and

consistency.

 Celebrate milestones along the way, no

matter how small to reinforce a sense of

accomplishment.

Engaging Volunteer  If mobility or health issues are a concern,

Activities look for remote volunteer opportunities that

can be done from home. This could include

tasks like writing letters to deployed troops,

knitting blankets for shelters, or tutoring

students online.

 Start small, for someone who may be

feeling apprehensive or overwhelmed,

 42

starting with small, low-commitment

volunteer activities can be beneficial. This

could involve tasks like helping out at a one-

time event or participating in a short-term

project.

Join Clubs/Groups in  Join groups or clubs where they can

the Community connect with like-minded individuals.

Organization Building relationships and social

connections through shared interests can

greatly enhance the volunteer experience.

 Take ownership of their participation in the

group. This could involve setting personal

goals for involvement, managing their own

schedules to attend group activities, and

taking on leadership roles within the group if

they feel comfortable.

 43

Stay Connected with  Regular communication through phone

Family and Friends calls, video chats, or even written letters.

Make it a habit to check in with family and

friends regularly, even if it's just for a brief

chat.

 Plan regular visits with family members and

friends. Whether it's weekly, bi-weekly, or

monthly.

 Plan regular family gatherings or events to

bring everyone together. This could be a

simple dinner at someone's house, a picnic

in the park, or a family reunion. Creating

opportunities for bonding strengthens

familial ties and provides emotional support.

 44

Stay Active in Physical  Establish a regular exercise routine that fits

Activity
into daily schedule. Consistency is key to

reaping the benefits of physical activity and

can help combat feelings that is associated

with empty nest syndrome.

 Look into a variety of physical activities to

keep things interesting and prevent

boredom. This could include walking,

swimming, gardening, yoga, tai chi, or even

dancing. Choose activities that the

individual enjoys and can easily incorporate

into their routine.

 45

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

This study presented the summary of the study, findings, conclusion, and

recommendations of the study.

Summary:

This study determined the manifestations and self-management among

elderly who are experiencing Empty Nest Syndrome. The study aimed to

determine the following statements including; (1) The demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of: age, sex, marital status, number of children, education

attainment, and living condition. (2) The manifestations of Empty Nest Syndrome

among Elderly as it applies along; Loss of Purpose; Frustration Over Lack of

Control; Emotional Stress, Marital Stress; and Anxiety about Children. (3) The

Self-Management that respondents are engaging with and its effectiveness.

This study recruited fifty (50) elderly (aged 60 to 87 years old). A survey

questionnaire was used to collect data. The data collected were analyzed using

frequency, percentage, and weighted mean.

Problem 1: What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: age, sex,

marital status, number of children, education attainment, and living

condition?
 46

Findings:

The findings found out that the oldest among respondents aged 87 and it

ranges from 60 to 70 years old.

The findings found out that most of the respondents are women and some

of them are men.

The findings found out that most of the respondents are married and

some are single and widowed.

The findings found out that the number of children ranges from 2 to 12.

The highest number of children is 12 and some of the respondents has no child.

The findings found out that the majority of the respondents are high school

graduate, followed by college graduate, and some are elementary graduate.

The findings found out that most of the respondents are living with their

children.

Conclusion:

Most of the respondents aged 60 to 65 years old, female, married, has 4

children, high school graduates, and living with their child/children.

Problem 2: What are the manifestation relating to Empty Nest Syndrome

among elderly applies along: Loss of Purpose, Frustration, Emotional

Stress, Marital Stress and Anxiety about children?

Findings:

Most of the Elderly respondents often experienced Anxiety about Children

followed by Loss of Purpose. While some of the elderly were live through Marital

Stress, Emotional Stress, and Frustration Over Lack sometimes.

 47

Conclusion:

Most of the elderly are experiencing Empty Nest Syndrome with the

manifestation of Anxiety about Children and Loss of Purpose.

Recommendations:

The study suggests to add a mental health program and activities in the

current community health care program received by the elderly people in the

community. This suggestion will promote optimum level of health and reduce the

mental illness among elderly. Further, strengthening the role of family, relatives,

and other support groups is essential to improve the mental health of elderly.

Problem 3: What self-management on Empty Nest Syndrome does the

elderly applies along: explore new hobbies, engaging volunteer activities in

local organization, school, church, or charities, join clubs/groups in the

community organizations, stay connected with family and friends, and Stay

active in physical activity?

Findings:

The study emphasized the importance of exploring new hobbies, engaging

in volunteer activities, joining clubs or groups within the community, staying

connected with family, and maintaining physical activity. Encouraging individuals

to explore new interests can help fill the void left by children leaving the home,

fostering a sense of purpose and fulfillment. Volunteering not only provides

opportunities for social interaction and a sense of contribution but also helps

individuals rediscover their passions. Joining clubs or groups in the community

facilitates the formation of new friendships and support networks. Staying

 48

connected with family members through regular communication and visits can

help alleviate feelings of loneliness. Lastly, engaging in regular physical activity

not only promotes physical health but also boosts mood and reduces stress,

contributing to overall well-being. By incorporating these strategies into health

teaching, health care workers can empower individuals experiencing empty nest

syndrome to effectively manage their transition to this new stage of life.

Conclusion:

To enhance the quality of life among elderly and to improve the

competence of health care workers in delivering health education with regards to

Empty Nest Syndrome.

Problem 4: What recommendations can be proposed to improve self-

management on Empty Nest Syndrome?

Recommendation:

A proposed recommendation plan is made to provide a step-by-step

process suggestion improve the self-management on empty nest syndrome.

Factors like self-concept, communication with children, and social activities have

been identified as significant in addressing empty nest syndrome, emphasizing

the importance of social interactions and support.

Recommendations for Future Studies

Future researcher should look into the advantage of other research design

such as qualitative design in order to provide a real-life context about mental

health problems faced by elderly including Empty Nest Syndrome. This study
 49

also suggests to larger the scale of the study to strengthen the present

investigation and validate the prevalence of mental health issues among elderly.