CÂU CHẺ

Chức năng: là một cấu trúc ngữ pháp nhằm nhấn mạnh vào một đối tượng cụ thể trong câu, như sự
vật, sự việc, hiện tượng,… Đối tượng này có thể là chủ ngữ, tân ngữ hoặc trạng ngữ trong câu văn.
Cấu trúc:
- Câu chẻ thường gồm 2 phần chính - mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề phụ - được liên kết bằng đại từ
quan hệ (who, whom, that,…)
- Câu chẻ thường bắt đầu bằng chủ ngữ giả “It”, ngoài ra còn một số trường hợp khác sử dụng
“There”, “What”,…

MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC THÔNG DỤNG CỦA CÂU CHẺ

1. Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ (Subject)
Câu văn tập trung nhấn mạnh đối tượng là chủ thể của hành động

It + be + chủ ngữ (subject) + who/that + V… (Chủ thể là người)

It + be + chủ ngữ (subject) + that + V… (Chủ thể là vật)
Ví dụ:
 Harry got injured in the match yesterday.
=> It was Harry who got injured in the match yesterday. (Chính là Harry bị thương trong trận đấu ngày
hôm qua.)
 The cat broke this vase.
=> It was the cat that broke this vase. (Chính là con mèo làm vỡ lọ hoa này.)

2. Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh tân ngữ (Object)

Câu văn tập trung nhấn mạnh đối tượng bị tác động bởi hành động.

It + be + tân ngữ (object) + whom/that + S + V… (Đối tượng là người)

It + be + tân ngữ (object) + that + S + V… (Đối tượng là vật)
Ví dụ:
 I bought my mother a bunch of flowers yesterday.
=> It was my mother whom I bought a bunch of flowers yesterday. (Mẹ tôi chính là người tôi mua
tặng bó hoa hôm qua.)
  My grandma knitted her dog a tiny sweater.
=> It was my grandma’s dog that she knitted a tiny sweater. (Chính là chú chó của bà tôi được bà đan
cho một chiếc áo len xinh xắn.)

3. Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ (Adverb)

Câu văn tập trung nhấn mạnh các yếu tố xung quanh của hành động (không gian, thời gian, cách thức,
nguyên nhân, mục đích,….).

It + be + trạng ngữ (adverb) + that + S + V + O...

Ví dụ:
 I met Taylor last night.
=> It was last night that I met Taylor Swift. (Chính đêm hôm qua tôi được gặp Taylor Swift.)
 Our class stayed at this hotel during the last vacation in Ha Long bay.
=> It was at this hotel that our class stayed during the last vacation in Ha Long bay. (Chính là khách sạn
này chúng tôi ở trong suốt kỳ nghỉ vừa rồi tại Hạ Long.)

MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC KHÁC CỦA CÂU CHẺ

1. Câu chẻ với Bị động cách (Passive voice)

It + be + đối tượng + whom/that + be + V3… (Đối tượng là người)

It + be + đối tượng + that + be + V3… (Đối tượng là vật)
Ví dụ:
 My dad was fired last month.
=> It was my dad who was fired last month. (Bố tôi chính là người vừa bị sa thải tháng trước.)
 This car has been repaired 4 times so far.
=> It was this car that has been repaired 4 times so far. (Chính chiếc xe này đã được sửa tới 4 lần rồi.)
 2. Câu chẻ với từ để hỏi (Wh-question)

Wh-question + S + V + be + …
Ví dụ:
 I just want to go home right now.
=> What I just want is to go home right now. (Những gì tôi muốn chỉ là về nhà ngay bây giờ.)
 He was born in this small village.
=> Where he was born was in this small village. (Nơi anh ấy sinh ra chính là ngồi làng nhỏ này.)

3. Câu chẻ với There

There + be + đối tượng + who/that + S + V … (Đối tượng là người)

There + be + đối tượng + that + S + V … (Đối tượng là vật)
Ví dụ:
 She really wants to meet a person.
=> There is a person that she really wants to meet. (Có một người mà cô ấy rất muốn gặp.)
 I would love to buy a new car.
=> There is a new car that I would love to buy. (Nơi anh ấy sinh ra chính là ngồi làng nhỏ này.)

4. Câu chẻ với All

All + S + V + be + …
Ví dụ:
 I want my lost keys back.
=> All I want is my lost keys back. (Tất cả những gì tôi muốn là lấy lại được chìa khóa đã mất.)
 Linda treasured her old house only.
=> All Linda treasured was her old house only. (Tất cả những gì Linda trân quý chỉ là ngôi nhà cũ của
cô ấy.)
1. CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG
1. ________ I bought the purple dress.
A. It was from this shop that
B. It was this shop that
C. It was this shop which
D. I was from this shop where
2. It was Jane ________ to help us.
A. come
B. that comes
C. to come
D. who came
3. ________ the fireman had rescued from the fire.
A. The boy
B. The boy that
C. It was the boy whom
D. It is the boy whom
4. _________ my Dad gave me new computer.
A. It was on my 15th birthday when
B. It was my 15th birthday on that
C. It was my 15th birthday that
D. It was on my 15th birthday that
5. _________ I first met Tom.
A. It was in Japan thatB. It was in Japan whereC. It was Japan thatD. It was Japan which
6. _________ on the phone.
A. It is his father whom is
B. It was his father whom is
C. It was his father who is
D. It is his father who is
2. SỬ DỤNG CẤU TRÚC CÂU CHẺ VIẾT LẠI CÂU
1. I was most glad about the service of this restaurant.

-> What ________________. ________________. (to be glad about)

2. I can't stand the loud noise.

-> It’s ________________. ________________. (the loud noise)

3. Mary didn’t pay for the meal, John did.

-> It . ________________. ________________. (Mary)

4. He’s always late for school. It really annoys other students.

-> What ________________.________________. (to annoy)

5. Did you choose the gift?

-> Was ________________.________________. (you)

Submit

3. CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG

1. Jenny will visit her grandparents next month. = …..

A. It will be Jenny who visits her grandparents next month.

B. It will be Jenny whom visits her grandparents next month.

C. It will Jenny who visit her grandparents next month.

D. It will be Jenny who will visit her grandparents next month.

2. Jane passed the English test last week. = …

A. It was last week who Jane passed the English test.

B. It was last week that Jane passed the English test.

C. It is last week that Jane passed the English test.

D. It was last week that Jane will passed the English test.
3. Tom cleaned the house this morning. = …

A. It was the house who was cleaned this morning.

B. It was the house it was cleaned this morning.

 C. It was the house whom was cleaned this morning.

D. It was the house that was cleaned this morning.

4. I gave Tom a pen last night. = …

A. It was Tom whom I gave a pen last night.

B. It was Tom it I gave a pen last night.

C. It was Tom, I gave a pen last night.

D. It was Tom that I gave a pen last night.

5. Linda gave her best friend a lot of gifts.

A. It was Linda’s best friend whose was given a lot of gifts.

B. It was Linda’s best friend whom was given a lot of gifts.

C. It was Linda’s best friend it was given a lot of gifts.

D. It was Linda’s best friend was given a lot of gifts.

6. My brother gave the glasses to Tom yesterday. = ...

A. It was Tom that my brother gave the glasses to yesterday.

B. It was my brother that gave the glasses to me yesterday.

C. It was my brother that gave the glasses yesterday to me.

D. It was Tom whose my brother gave him the glasses to yesterday.

7. Jane’s always coming late. It really annoys me. = …

A. What Jane really annoys me is that she’s always coming late.

B. What really annoys me is who Jane’s always coming late.

C. What really annoys me is that Jane’s always coming late.

D. What really annoys me is which Jane’s always coming late.

8. My friends made some candies for my birthday party. = …

A. It was my friends who made some candies for my birthday party.

B. It was my friends they made some candies for my birthday party.

C. It was candies who is made by my friends for my birthday party.

D. It was candies who is made by my friends in my birthday party.

9. My neighbor usually complains about my friends whenever they go to my house. = …

A. It is my neighbor whom usually complains about my friends whenever they go to my house.

B. It is my neighbor and usually complains about my friends whenever they go to my house.

C. It is my neighbor whose usually complains about my friends whenever they go to my house.

D. It is my neighbor who usually complains about my friends whenever they go to my house.

10. My sister always makes noises at night. = …

A. It is my sister whom always makes noises at night.

B. It is my sister who always makes noises at night.

C. It is my sister who is always makes noises at night.

D. It is my sister and always makes noises at night.

Bài tập vận dụng

Bài 1: Viết lại câu theo gợi ý sao cho ý nghĩa câu không thay đổi:
 This book is the new edition this year from ABC pulisher.
=> It is…________________.________________.________________.________________.
 I wished Mary to pass her exams with flying colors.
=> It was…_______________________________________________________________
 My younger brother just wanted a pair of shoes for his 10th birthday.
=> All……_______________________________________________________________
 This movie was filmed in Shanghai.
=> Where……_______________________________________________________________

Bài 2: Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống:

 It was my mother _____________cooked the dinner.
 _____________he wanted to inherit was not the house, but the money instead.
 Bangkok is _____________Nam wants to make the proposal to Linh.
 It is the chair _____________has been removed to make way for a new desk.
 _____________you want to see at this moment must be someone really important to you.
Bài 3: Viết lại câu sử dụng câu chẻ mà nghĩa không đổi.
1. His father often complains about his students whenever they go to his house.
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2. My mother used to like climbing up trees and picking fruits.
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3. His brother always makes noise at night.
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4. They usually complain about the noise at night.
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5. My boyfriend gave me a bunch of roses last week.
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Đáp án gợi ý:
Bài 1:
 It is this book that is the new edition this year from ABC pulisher.
 It was Mary whom/that I wished to pass her exams with flying colors.
 All my younger brother wanted for his 10th birthday was just a pair of shoes.
 10 o’ clock every morning is when the train departs.
 Where this movie was filmed was in Shanghai.
Bài 2:
 who/that
 What/All
 where
 that
 Whom