Harley Bear

August 5, 2023 What are some of your great frugal hacks that helped you a lot?

Pack your lunch for school or work instead of eating out. Make
your coffee at home to prevent stopping on the way somewhere to
Breanna Shaw buy some. Anytime something needs repaired, watch a YouTube
August 17, 2023 video first before calling a technician. Sometimes it can be an easy
fix that you can do yourself to save money.I have more tips, but I
think I have made this answer long enough.
Yaseer Said Always ask yourself this question before buying anything: “Do I
September 3, 2023 need it? What if I don’t buy this one, and save the money for any
other need?”
You know what is pathetic? Being poor when you're old, and you
Kerry Baldwin
will be old someday. Learn to live within your means and put your
September 4, 2023
money back for retirement.
Most of the “frugal hacks” you hear will be about ways to buy
things cheaply. Those are great, but I’ve found that much of
Caleb Beers frugality comes down to self-control, i.e.,not buying stuff you don’t
October 15, 2023 need. Also, self-control is a lot harder than just looking for cheap
stuff. For example, I want the latest smart phone, but my phone is
still working very well. So, I don’t buy a new one.
Frugality means different things to different people. To me, it
Daniel Tay means not wasting something that can be reused or repurposed. I’ve
October 25, 2023 taken this to a level that some people may consider extreme:
I don’t buy anything.

1. Who explicitly suggests to live frugally by not purchasing any stuff?

A. Breanna Shaw
B. Yaseer Said
C. Kerry Baldwin
D. Caleb Beers
E. Daniel Tay
ANS: E

Harley Bear
August 5, 2023 What are some of your great frugal hacks that helped you a lot?

Pack your lunch for school or work instead of eating out. Make
your coffee at home to prevent stopping on the way somewhere to
Breanna Shaw buy some. Anytime something needs repaired, watch a YouTube
August 17, 2023 video first before calling a technician. Sometimes it can be an easy
fix that you can do yourself to save money.I have more tips, but I
think I have made this answer long enough.
Yaseer Said Always ask yourself this question before buying anything: “Do I
September 3, 2023 need it? What if I don’t buy this one, and save the money for any
 other need?”
You know what is pathetic? Being poor when you're old, and you
Kerry Baldwin
will be old someday. Learn to live within your means and put your
September 4, 2023
money back for retirement.
Most of the “frugal hacks” you hear will be about ways to buy
things cheaply. Those are great, but I’ve found that much of
Caleb Beers frugality comes down to self-control, i.e.,not buying stuff you don’t
October 15, 2023 need. Also, self-control is a lot harder than just looking for cheap
stuff. For example, I want the latest smart phone, but my phone is
still working very well. So, I don’t buy a new one.
Frugality means different things to different people. To me, it
Daniel Tay means not wasting something that can be reused or repurposed. I’ve
October 25, 2023 taken this to a level that some people may consider extreme:
I don’t buy anything.

2. The word “frugality” in Daniel Tay’s post is closest in meaning to ….

A. modesty
B. simplicity
C. thriftiness
D. strictness
E. cheapness
ANS: C

Harley Bear
August 5, 2023 What are some of your great frugal hacks that helped you a lot?

Pack your lunch for school or work instead of eating out. Make
your coffee at home to prevent stopping on the way somewhere to
Breanna Shaw buy some. Anytime something needs repaired, watch a YouTube
August 17, 2023 video first before calling a technician. Sometimes it can be an easy
fix that you can do yourself to save money.I have more tips, but I
think I have made this answer long enough.
Yaseer Said Always ask yourself this question before buying anything: “Do I
September 3, 2023 need it? What if I don’t buy this one, and save the money for any
other need?”
You know what is pathetic? Being poor when you're old, and you
Kerry Baldwin
will be old someday. Learn to live within your means and put your
September 4, 2023
money back for retirement.
Most of the “frugal hacks” you hear will be about ways to buy
things cheaply. Those are great, but I’ve found that much of
Caleb Beers frugality comes down to self-control, i.e.,not buying stuff you don’t
October 15, 2023 need. Also, self-control is a lot harder than just looking for cheap
stuff. For example, I want the latest smart phone, but my phone is
still working very well. So, I don’t buy a new one.
 Frugality means different things to different people. To me, it
Daniel Tay means not wasting something that can be reused or repurposed. I’ve
October 25, 2023 taken this to a level that some people may consider extreme:
I don’t buy anything.

3. Who posted the least relevant answer to Harley Bear’s question?

A. Breanna Shaw
B. Yaseer Said
C. Kerry Baldwin
D. Caleb Beers
E. Daniel Tay
ANS: C

Harley Bear
August 5, 2023 What are some of your great frugal hacks that helped you a lot?

Pack your lunch for school or work instead of eating out. Make
your coffee at home to prevent stopping on the way somewhere to
Breanna Shaw buy some. Anytime something needs repaired, watch a YouTube
August 17, 2023 video first before calling a technician. Sometimes it can be an easy
fix that you can do yourself to save money.I have more tips, but I
think I have made this answer long enough.
Yaseer Said Always ask yourself this question before buying anything: “Do I
September 3, 2023 need it? What if I don’t buy this one, and save the money for any
other need?”
You know what is pathetic? Being poor when you're old, and you
Kerry Baldwin
will be old someday. Learn to live within your means and put your
September 4, 2023
money back for retirement.
Most of the “frugal hacks” you hear will be about ways to buy
things cheaply. Those are great, but I’ve found that much of
Caleb Beers frugality comes down to self-control, i.e.,not buying stuff you don’t
October 15, 2023 need. Also, self-control is a lot harder than just looking for cheap
stuff. For example, I want the latest smart phone, but my phone is
still working very well. So, I don’t buy a new one.
Frugality means different things to different people. To me, it
Daniel Tay means not wasting something that can be reused or repurposed. I’ve
October 25, 2023 taken this to a level that some people may consider extreme:
I don’t buy anything.

4. Who disapproved that being frugal is being cheap by giving evidence?

A. Breanna Shaw
B. Yaseer Said
C. Kerry Baldwin
D. Caleb Beers
E. Daniel Tay
ANS: D
Harley Bear
August 5, 2023 What are some of your great frugal hacks that helped you a lot?

Pack your lunch for school or work instead of eating out. Make
your coffee at home to prevent stopping on the way somewhere to
Breanna Shaw buy some. Anytime something needs repaired, watch a YouTube
August 17, 2023 video first before calling a technician. Sometimes it can be an easy
fix that you can do yourself to save money.I have more tips, but I
think I have made this answer long enough.
Yaseer Said Always ask yourself this question before buying anything: “Do I
September 3, 2023 need it? What if I don’t buy this one, and save the money for any
other need?”
You know what is pathetic? Being poor when you're old, and you
Kerry Baldwin
will be old someday. Learn to live within your means and put your
September 4, 2023
money back for retirement.
Most of the “frugal hacks” you hear will be about ways to buy
things cheaply. Those are great, but I’ve found that much of
Caleb Beers frugality comes down to self-control, i.e.,not buying stuff you don’t
October 15, 2023 need. Also, self-control is a lot harder than just looking for cheap
stuff. For example, I want the latest smart phone, but my phone is
still working very well. So, I don’t buy a new one.
Frugality means different things to different people. To me, it
Daniel Tay means not wasting something that can be reused or repurposed. I’ve
October 25, 2023 taken this to a level that some people may consider extreme:
I don’t buy anything.

5. What is the tone of the thread regarding useful frugal hacks?

A. Supportive
B. Respectful
C. Indifferent
D. Judgmental
E. Contradictory
ANS: A

6. TEXT 1
(P1) An actor creates and performs a character by using cognitive empathy or Theory of Mind
(ToM). It is the ability to represent others’ mental states. ToM plays a critical role in understanding and
navigating social situations. Reflection into the character's mental life depends on the actor’s approach to
character performance. This may be an important part of the character-creation process. This process
involves the exploration of the history, motivations, beliefs, and values of the character. This exploration
often goes well beyond the information contained within the script. In other words, for many actors,
creating a character involves a complex application of ToM, which includes several brain regions such as
the temporoparietal junction and posterior cingulate/precuneus.
(P2) The temporoparietal junction works in processing and judgments of self and others.
According to some studies, overcoming self–other interference and ToM is a deeply integrated process.
Findings show that simulating others has been shown to influence self-knowledge. In this simulation, trait
and memory measures become similar to a simulated other after adopting their perspective. Some brain
regions are deactivated when trained actors use the first-person fictional perspective of a character to
answer questions. This is in contrast to a situation when actors answered questions from their own
perspective. It suggests that acting may involve the suppression of self-processing.
(Adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

TEXT 2
(P1) According to a recent study, when actors take on a new character, they may be able to
suppress their everyday self. This implies that theatre training may have a big impact on the fundamental
mechanisms of the human brain. Researchers in this study worked in collaboration with Flute
Theatre. They created and delivered interactive productions of Shakespeare for autistic individuals and
their families. They used a series of sensory drama games, known as the Hunter Heartbeat Method.
(P2) The team used wearable brain imaging technologies and physiological measurement devices.
They were first introduced at UCL's Department of Biomedical Engineering. Both devices were used to
evaluate the brain activity of actors as they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's
Dream.
(P3) The findings showed that when the actors heard their own name during the performance,
their response was suppressed in the left anterior prefrontal cortex of the brain. This is usually associated
with self-awareness. The same result was witnessed consistently in six actors who were tested when
rehearsing several times over a week. Meanwhile, when the performers were not in acting conditions,
they responded normally to hearing their own name.
(P4) According to the lead researcher, this is the first time that neuroscientists have been able to
record brain activity in actors as they perform a role. We hope that this study will help us understand what
theatre training does to the brain and to build new connections between neuroscientists and theatre
professionals. (Adapted from https://www.sciencedaily.com)

According to Text 1, cognitive empathy or ToM ….

A. is an important skill for actors to supress themselves to create a new character
B. explores history, motivations, beliefs and values of a new character
C. enables actors to use several brain regions to be professional acting coaches
D. is a simulation implemented by actors to answer questions from others’ perspectives
E. deactivates an actor’s brain regions to process information contained within a script
ANS: A

7. TEXT 1
(P1) An actor creates and performs a character by using cognitive empathy or Theory of Mind
(ToM). It is the ability to represent others’ mental states. ToM plays a critical role in understanding and
navigating social situations. Reflection into the character's mental life depends on the actor’s approach to
character performance. This may be an important part of the character-creation process. This process
involves the exploration of the history, motivations, beliefs, and values of the character. This exploration
often goes well beyond the information contained within the script. In other words, for many actors,
creating a character involves a complex application of ToM, which includes several brain regions such as
the temporoparietal junction and posterior cingulate/precuneus.
(P2) The temporoparietal junction works in processing and judgments of self and others.
According to some studies, overcoming self–other interference and ToM is a deeply integrated process.
Findings show that simulating others has been shown to influence self-knowledge. In this simulation, trait
and memory measures become similar to a simulated other after adopting their perspective. Some brain
regions are deactivated when trained actors use the first-person fictional perspective of a character to
answer questions. This is in contrast to a situation when actors answered questions from their own
perspective. It suggests that acting may involve the suppression of self-processing.
(Adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
TEXT 2
(P1) According to a recent study, when actors take on a new character, they may be able to
suppress their everyday self. This implies that theatre training may have a big impact on the fundamental
mechanisms of the human brain. Researchers in this study worked in collaboration with Flute
Theatre. They created and delivered interactive productions of Shakespeare for autistic individuals and
their families. They used a series of sensory drama games, known as the Hunter Heartbeat Method.
(P2) The team used wearable brain imaging technologies and physiological measurement devices.
They were first introduced at UCL's Department of Biomedical Engineering. Both devices were used to
evaluate the brain activity of actors as they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's
Dream.
(P3) The findings showed that when the actors heard their own name during the performance,
their response was suppressed in the left anterior prefrontal cortex of the brain. This is usually associated
with self-awareness. The same result was witnessed consistently in six actors who were tested when
rehearsing several times over a week. Meanwhile, when the performers were not in acting conditions,
they responded normally to hearing their own name.
(P4) According to the lead researcher, this is the first time that neuroscientists have been able to
record brain activity in actors as they perform a role. We hope that this study will help us understand what
theatre training does to the brain and to build new connections between neuroscientists and theatre
professionals. (Adapted from https://www.sciencedaily.com)

The italicized word “They” in Text 2 Paragraph 1 refers to ….

A. actors
B. the fundamental mechanisms
C. researchers
D. interactive productions
E. autistic individuals
ANS:C

8. TEXT 1
(P1) An actor creates and performs a character by using cognitive empathy or Theory of Mind
(ToM). It is the ability to represent others’ mental states. ToM plays a critical role in understanding and
navigating social situations. Reflection into the character's mental life depends on the actor’s approach to
character performance. This may be an important part of the character-creation process. This process
involves the exploration of the history, motivations, beliefs, and values of the character. This exploration
often goes well beyond the information contained within the script. In other words, for many actors,
creating a character involves a complex application of ToM, which includes several brain regions such as
the temporoparietal junction and posterior cingulate/precuneus.
(P2) The temporoparietal junction works in processing and judgments of self and others.
According to some studies, overcoming self–other interference and ToM is a deeply integrated process.
Findings show that simulating others has been shown to influence self-knowledge. In this simulation, trait
and memory measures become similar to a simulated other after adopting their perspective. Some brain
regions are deactivated when trained actors use the first-person fictional perspective of a character to
answer questions. This is in contrast to a situation when actors answered questions from their own
perspective. It suggests that acting may involve the suppression of self-processing.
(Adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

TEXT 2
(P1) According to a recent study, when actors take on a new character, they may be able to
suppress their everyday self. This implies that theatre training may have a big impact on the fundamental
mechanisms of the human brain. Researchers in this study worked in collaboration with Flute
Theatre. They created and delivered interactive productions of Shakespeare for autistic individuals and
their families. They used a series of sensory drama games, known as the Hunter Heartbeat Method.
(P2) The team used wearable brain imaging technologies and physiological measurement devices.
They were first introduced at UCL's Department of Biomedical Engineering. Both devices were used to
evaluate the brain activity of actors as they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's
Dream.
(P3) The findings showed that when the actors heard their own name during the performance,
their response was suppressed in the left anterior prefrontal cortex of the brain. This is usually associated
with self-awareness. The same result was witnessed consistently in six actors who were tested when
rehearsing several times over a week. Meanwhile, when the performers were not in acting conditions,
they responded normally to hearing their own name.
(P4) According to the lead researcher, this is the first time that neuroscientists have been able to
record brain activity in actors as they perform a role. We hope that this study will help us understand what
theatre training does to the brain and to build new connections between neuroscientists and theatre
professionals. (Adapted from https://www.sciencedaily.com)

Which of the following sentences from Text 2 is an opinion?

A. According to a recent study, when actors take on a new character, they may be able to suppress
their everyday self.
B. They used a series of sensory drama games, known as the Hunter Heartbeat Method.
C. The findings showed that when the actors heard their own name during the performance, their
response was suppressed in the left anterior prefrontal cortex of the brain.
D. The same result was witnessed consistently in six actors who were tested when rehearsing several
times over a week.
E. We hope that this study will help us understand what theatre training does to the brain and to
build new connections between neuroscientists and theatre professionals.
ANS: E

9. TEXT 1
(P1) An actor creates and performs a character by using cognitive empathy or Theory of Mind
(ToM). It is the ability to represent others’ mental states. ToM plays a critical role in understanding and
navigating social situations. Reflection into the character's mental life depends on the actor’s approach to
character performance. This may be an important part of the character-creation process. This process
involves the exploration of the history, motivations, beliefs, and values of the character. This exploration
often goes well beyond the information contained within the script. In other words, for many actors,
creating a character involves a complex application of ToM, which includes several brain regions such as
the temporoparietal junction and posterior cingulate/precuneus.
(P2) The temporoparietal junction works in processing and judgments of self and others.
According to some studies, overcoming self–other interference and ToM is a deeply integrated process.
Findings show that simulating others has been shown to influence self-knowledge. In this simulation, trait
and memory measures become similar to a simulated other after adopting their perspective. Some brain
regions are deactivated when trained actors use the first-person fictional perspective of a character to
answer questions. This is in contrast to a situation when actors answered questions from their own
perspective. It suggests that acting may involve the suppression of self-processing.
(Adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

TEXT 2
(P1) According to a recent study, when actors take on a new character, they may be able to
suppress their everyday self. This implies that theatre training may have a big impact on the fundamental
mechanisms of the human brain. Researchers in this study worked in collaboration with Flute
Theatre. They created and delivered interactive productions of Shakespeare for autistic individuals and
their families. They used a series of sensory drama games, known as the Hunter Heartbeat Method.
(P2) The team used wearable brain imaging technologies and physiological measurement devices.
They were first introduced at UCL's Department of Biomedical Engineering. Both devices were used to
evaluate the brain activity of actors as they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's
Dream.
(P3) The findings showed that when the actors heard their own name during the performance,
their response was suppressed in the left anterior prefrontal cortex of the brain. This is usually associated
with self-awareness. The same result was witnessed consistently in six actors who were tested when
rehearsing several times over a week. Meanwhile, when the performers were not in acting conditions,
they responded normally to hearing their own name.
(P4) According to the lead researcher, this is the first time that neuroscientists have been able to
record brain activity in actors as they perform a role. We hope that this study will help us understand what
theatre training does to the brain and to build new connections between neuroscientists and theatre
professionals. (Adapted from https://www.sciencedaily.com)

The results of the evaluation of actors’ brain activity when performing a character can be found in ….
A. Text 1 Paragraph 1 and Text 2 Paragraph 1
B. Text 1 Paragraph 2 and Text 2 Paragraph 3
C. Text 1 Paragraph 1 and Text 2 Paragraph 3
D. Text 1 Paragraph 2 and Text 2 Paragraph 4
E. Text 1 Paragraph 1 and Text 2 Paragraph 2
ANS : B

10. TEXT 1
(P1) An actor creates and performs a character by using cognitive empathy or Theory of Mind
(ToM). It is the ability to represent others’ mental states. ToM plays a critical role in understanding and
navigating social situations. Reflection into the character's mental life depends on the actor’s approach to
character performance. This may be an important part of the character-creation process. This process
involves the exploration of the history, motivations, beliefs, and values of the character. This exploration
often goes well beyond the information contained within the script. In other words, for many actors,
creating a character involves a complex application of ToM, which includes several brain regions such as
the temporoparietal junction and posterior cingulate/precuneus.
(P2) The temporoparietal junction works in processing and judgments of self and others.
According to some studies, overcoming self–other interference and ToM is a deeply integrated process.
Findings show that simulating others has been shown to influence self-knowledge. In this simulation, trait
and memory measures become similar to a simulated other after adopting their perspective. Some brain
regions are deactivated when trained actors use the first-person fictional perspective of a character to
answer questions. This is in contrast to a situation when actors answered questions from their own
perspective. It suggests that acting may involve the suppression of self-processing.
(Adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

TEXT 2
(P1) According to a recent study, when actors take on a new character, they may be able to
suppress their everyday self. This implies that theatre training may have a big impact on the fundamental
mechanisms of the human brain. Researchers in this study worked in collaboration with Flute
Theatre. They created and delivered interactive productions of Shakespeare for autistic individuals and
their families. They used a series of sensory drama games, known as the Hunter Heartbeat Method.
(P2) The team used wearable brain imaging technologies and physiological measurement devices.
They were first introduced at UCL's Department of Biomedical Engineering. Both devices were used to
evaluate the brain activity of actors as they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's
Dream.
(P3) The findings showed that when the actors heard their own name during the performance,
their response was suppressed in the left anterior prefrontal cortex of the brain. This is usually associated
with self-awareness. The same result was witnessed consistently in six actors who were tested when
rehearsing several times over a week. Meanwhile, when the performers were not in acting conditions,
they responded normally to hearing their own name.
(P4) According to the lead researcher, this is the first time that neuroscientists have been able to
record brain activity in actors as they perform a role. We hope that this study will help us understand what
theatre training does to the brain and to build new connections between neuroscientists and theatre
professionals. (Adapted from https://www.sciencedaily.com)

What is the relationship between Texts 1 and 2?

A. Text 1 argues the importance of using cognitive empathy for acting, which is criticized by Text 2.
B. Text 1 explains how the brain works when an actor performs a character and Text 2 compares the
devices used in the study.
C. Both texts explain the mechanisms of the human brain, but they focus on different participants.
D. Text 1 explains that in the character-creation process, an actor suppresses their self-processing,
and Text 2 further elaborates the brain mechanisms.
E. Texts 1 and 2 explain how creating and performing a new character using cognitive empathy can
help actors to be more professional.
ANS: D