Gr 10 - 2022 - Functions Workbook

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Gr 10 – 2022 – Functions
Grade 10 Mathematics
REDDAM HOUSE
UMHLANGA
2022
FUNCTIONS
NAME: _______________________
1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. TERMINOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 3
2. SKETCHING FUNCTIONS ....................................................................................... 4
2.1. Straight Lines (Linear Functions) ....................................................................... 5
2.2. Parabolas (Quadratic Functions)...................................................................... 13
2.3. Hyperbolas ....................................................................................................... 19
2.4. Exponential Functions ...................................................................................... 25
3. FUNCTION NOTATION .......................................................................................... 35
4. FINDING EQUATIONS ........................................................................................... 37
4.1. Using Inspection............................................................................................... 37
4.2. Substituting a Point .......................................................................................... 38
4.3. Substituting Two Points .................................................................................... 47
5. FUNCTION INTERPRETATION ............................................................................. 49
5.1. Distances ......................................................................................................... 49
5.2. Transformations ............................................................................................... 52
5.3. Graph Comparisons ......................................................................................... 55
2
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1. TERMINOLOGY
Domain: The x values for which the function exists.
Range: The y values for which the function exists.
Axis of Symmetry: The line about which a function is symmetrical
Turning Point: The set of co-ordinates at which a graph turns around.
Asymptote: A line which a function approaches towards infinity.
Function Increasing: As x increases, y also increases.
Function Decreasing: As x increases, y decreases.
3
Reddam House Umhlanga Book 4
2. SKETCHING FUNCTIONS
4
2.1. Straight Lines (Linear Functions)
y  mx  c
5
Further Notes
6
Draw each of the functions on the system of axes below: (Try different methods).
Also complete the table that follows.
(a) yx
(b) y  2x
(c) y  4x
1
(d) y x
2
1
yx y  2x y  4x y x
2
Value of m
Value of c
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
7
(a) y  x
(b) y  2 x
(c) y   4x
1
(d) y  x
2
1
y  x y  2 x y   4x y  x
2
Value of m
Value of c
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
8
Draw each of the functions on the system of axes. Also complete the table below.
(a) y  x4
(b) y  x 2
(c) y  x 6
y  x4 y  x 2 y  x 6
Value of m
Value of c
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
9
(a) y  2x  3
(b) y  2 x  4
(c) y  4x
y  2x  3 y  2 x  4 y  4x
Value of m
Value of c
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
10
2
(a) y x 1
3
x
(b) y
4
(c) y 3x
2 x
y x 1 y y 3x
3 4
Value of m
Value of c
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
11
(a) y  5x  4
(b) y  3 x  6
(c) y 5
(d) x2
y  5x  4 y  3 x  6 y 5 x2
Value of m
Value of c
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
12
2.2. Parabolas (Quadratic Functions)
y  ax 2  q
13
Further Notes
14
(a) y  x2
(b) y  2x 2
(c) y  3x 2
1 2
(d) y x
2
1 2
y  x2 y  2x 2 y  3x 2 y x
2
Value of a
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Turning Point
15
(a) y  x2
(b) y  2 x 2
(c) y  3 x 2
1
(d) y   x2
2
1
y  x2 y  2 x 2 y  3 x 2 y   x2
2
Value of a
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Turning Point
16
(a) y  x2  1
(b) y  x2  1
(c) y  x2  6
y  x2  1 y  x2  1 y  x2  6
Value of a
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Turning Point
17
(a) y  x2  1
(b) y  2x 2  7
(c) y  3x 2  6
y  x2  1 y  2x 2  7 y  3x 2  6
Value of a
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Turning Point
18
2.3. Hyperbolas
a
y  q
x
19
Further Notes
What is an Asymptote? – Let’s Explore…

EG: Draw the following function on both of the systems of axes below:
1
y
x
20
1
(a) y
x
3
(b) y
x
5
(c) y
x
1 3 5
y y y
x x x
Value of a
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Vertical Asymptote
Horizontal Asymptote
21
2
(a) y 
x
4
(b) y
x
6
(c) y
x
2 4 6
y  y y
x x x
Value of a
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Vertical Asymptote
22
2
(a) y
x
2
(b) y 3
x
2
(c) y 2
x
2 2 2
y y 3 y 2
x x x
Value of a
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Vertical Asymptote
23
1
(a) y  3
x
2
(b) y 4
x
3
(c) y  1
x
1 2 3
y  3 y 4 y  1
x x x
Value of a
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Vertical Asymptote
24
2.4. Exponential Functions
y  a.bx  q
25
Further Notes
26
(a) y  2x
(b) y  4x
x
 1
(c) y  
2
(d) y  3 x
x
 1
y  2x y  4x y   y  3 x
2
Value of a
Value of b
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Asymptote
27
(a) y  2x
(b) y  2.2x
x
 1
(c) y  2.  
2
x
 1
y  2x y  2.2x y  2.  
2
Value of a
Value of b
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Asymptote
28
(a) y  2x  2
x
 1
(b) y   4
2
(c) y  3 x  4
x
 1
y  2x  2 y   4 y  3 x  4
2
Value of a
Value of b
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Asymptote
29
(a) y  2.3 x  4
(b) y  2.2x  4
(c) y  4 x  1
y  2.3 x  4 y  2.2x  4 y  4 x  1
Value of a
Value of b
Value of q
Co-ords. of x-int
Co-ords. of y-int
Domain
Range
Asymptote
30
– Sketch Test 1
Sketch the following functions on the same system of axes. Label all intercepts.
4
A: y  3x  2 B: y 2 C: y  2x 2  4
x
31
– Sketch Test 2
3
A: y  2.3 x  2 B: y 4 C: y 6
x
32
– Sketch Test 3
A: x4 B: y  3 x 2  5 C: y  x2  1
33
– Sketch Test 4
A: 
y  0,5 2x  4  B: xy  3  0 C: x  2y  4  0
34
3. FUNCTION NOTATION
Function notation is a concise way of labelling functions. It looks like this:
f  x   ...
 It is read as “ f of x ”.
 It means “ the value of this function, labelled f, depends on the value of x.”
 f  x  replaces y in our formulae.
EG: Given f  x   2x  1 and g  x   x 2 then determine:
(a) f  2 (b) g  3  (c) x for which f  x   7
EG: Determine:
(a) f 1
(b) x for which f  x   8
35
1. If f ( x )  3 x  3, determine:
a) f ( 2) b) f ( 1) c) m if f ( m )  0
2. Given that g ( x )  4  x 2 , determine:

a) g (2) b) g (0) c) k if g (k )  0
3. If j ( x )  2  x, determine:
a) j (2) b) j ( 4) c) 2 j (2)  j ( 4)
4. If k ( x )  x 2 , determine:
a) k ( 1) b) k (3) c) p if k ( p )  0
5. If h( x )  2 x 2  5 x, determine:
a) h( 1) b) x if h( x )  0 c) x if h( x )  3
36
4. FINDING EQUATIONS
4.1. Using Inspection
Our knowledge of the relationship between equation and graph can help us determine
certain information by inspection:
EG: Determine the equation, given: f  x   x  c
EG: Determine the equation, given: g  x   3 x 2  q
2
EG: Determine the equation, given: f  x   r
x
EG: Determine the equation, given: g  x   2x  q
37
4.2. Substituting a Point

 If we have ONE variable to solve for, we substitute ONE known point.
 If we have already used a point for ‘inspection’ then we sub a different point.
 Sub the x co-ordinate in place of x and the y co-ordinate in place of y.
EG: Determine the equation of f.
EG: Determine the equation of g  x   b x  q
EG: Determine the equation of h.
38
Determine the equation of each line. Also, find the co-ordinates of the x-intercept and
label it on the graph, if it has not been done already.
(a)
(b)
39
(c)
(d)
40
(e)
41
Determine the equation of each of the following graphs in the form y = …
Given y  a .  0,5   q
x
1.
2.
42
3.
43
Determine the equation of each of the following:
1.
2. Given g  x   a x  q and h  x   a .3x  q
44
3.
4. Given A( -5 ; 0 )
45
5.
46
4.3. Substituting Two Points

 If we have TWO variables to solve for, we substitute TWO known points.
 We may have to solve simultaneously.
EG: Find the equation of A.
EG: Find the equation of f.
EG: Find the equation of g.
47
Determine the equation of each graph:
1.
2.
48
5. FUNCTION INTERPRETATION
5.1. Distances
Distances between graphs can be:
 Vertical Distances – (Difference in y co-ordinates)

 Horizontal Distances – (Difference in x co-ordinates)
 Oblique Distances – (Use Pythag.)
EG: f  x   2x 2  2 and g  x   2x  4
Find: OA, OG, BE, FH, BG
49
1. f  x   x 2  2 and g  x   2x 2  4
Determine:
a) FE
b) BC
c) AD
d) GH if OH = 5
50
2. Determine the length of:
a) OC and OE
b) AB if OA = 1,5
c) DT
51
5.2. Transformations
Transformations can be:
 Vertical Translations: f x  f x  c
 Reflections about the x-axis: f  x   f  x 
 Reflections about the y-axis: f  x   f  x 
1. Given: f ( x )  x  1
a) Draw the graph of f on the Cartesian plane below.
b) If h is defined as h  x   f ( x )  2 , write down the equation of h and sketch.
c) If p is defined as p  x   f ( x )  3 , write down the equation of p and sketch.
52
2. Given: f ( x )  x 2  3
a) Draw the graph of f on the Cartesian plane.
b) If h is defined as h  x   f ( x ) , write down the equation of h and sketch.
5
3. Given: f  x   2
x
b) If h is defined as h  x   f ( x ) , write down the equation of h and sketch.
53
4. Given: f ( x )  2 x  1
b) If h is defined as h  x   f (  x ) , write down the equation of h and sketch.
1
5. Given: f  x    x  4
2
b) If h is defined as h  x   f (  x ) , write down the equation of h and sketch.
54
5.3. Graph Comparisons

EG: Given: f  x    x  4 and g  x   2x  2
a) Mark the intercepts on the diagram.

b) Determine f  0   g  0 
c) For what value(s) of x is:
(i) g x  0
(ii) f x  0
(iii) f (x )  g(x )
(iv) f  x   g( x )
(v) f ( x ).g ( x )  0
g(x )
(vi) 0
f (x)
55
1. The diagram alongside shows

the graphs of f and g.
 31 3 
K  ;  is the point of intersection.
 25 4 
For what value(s) of x is:
a) f  x   0?
b) g  x   0?
c) f  x   g  x   0?
d) f x  g x?
e) f  x  .g  x   0?
56
2. For what value(s) of x is:
a) f x  g x?
b) f  x   0?
c) g  x   0?
d) g x  f x?
f x
e)  0?
g x
57
3. f  x   x 2  2 and g  x   2x 2  4
A has an x co-ordinate of -1.
For what value(s) of x is:
a) f  x   0?
b) g  x   0?
c) f  x   g  x   0?
d) f x  g x?
e) f  x  .g  x   0?
58

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Page 1 of 58

Range: The y values for which the function exists.

Axis of Symmetry: The line about which a function is symmetrical

Turning Point: The set of co-ordinates at which a graph turns around.

Asymptote: A line which a function approaches towards infinity.

Function Increasing: As x increases, y also increases.

Function Decreasing: As x increases, y decreases.

2.1. Straight Lines (Linear Functions)

Also complete the table that follows.

Also complete the table that follows.

Also complete the table that follows.

2.2. Parabolas (Quadratic Functions)

What is an Asymptote? – Let’s Explore…

2.4. Exponential Functions

y  2.3 x  4 y  2.2x  4 y  4 x  1

EG: Given f  x   2x  1 and g  x   x 2 then determine:

(a) f  2 (b) g  3  (c) x for which f  x   7

(b) x for which f  x   8

2. Given that g ( x )  4  x 2 , determine:

EG: Determine the equation, given: f  x   x  c

EG: Determine the equation, given: g  x   3 x 2  q

EG: Determine the equation, given: g  x   2x  q

4.2. Substituting a Point

EG: Determine the equation of f.

EG: Determine the equation of g  x   b x  q

EG: Determine the equation of h.

Determine the equation of each of the following graphs in the form y = …

Determine the equation of each of the following:

2. Given g  x   a x  q and h  x   a .3x  q

4.3. Substituting Two Points

EG: Find the equation of A.

EG: Find the equation of f.

EG: Find the equation of g.

Determine the equation of each graph:

 Vertical Distances – (Difference in y co-ordinates)

Find: OA, OG, BE, FH, BG

2. Determine the length of:

5.3. Graph Comparisons

a) Mark the intercepts on the diagram.

1. The diagram alongside shows

For what value(s) of x is:

2. For what value(s) of x is:

A has an x co-ordinate of -1.

For what value(s) of x is:

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