DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

3.5
39.35 x 10-d x
NN,= 64
or = 2.15 mW
N
n) Signal power S, and SNR can be calculated as under

=
A = .

Output signal power max Ans.

2

So 1/2
Output signal to noise ratio N.
q (2.15x10
or (SNR), = 232.3 or 23.66 dB. Ans.

EXAMPLE 3.34. The bandwidth of TV video

plus audio signal is 4.5 MHz. If this signal i
into PCM bit stream with 1024
quantization levels, determine number of bits/sec of thoverted
signal. Assume that the signal is sampled at the rate 20% above
Solution : Given that
Nyquist rate.
fm 4.5 MHz, q= 1024

or
f= 20% above the Nyquist rate =1.2 x 2 f1.2 x 2x 4.5 MH.
f,= 10.8 MHz.
Let us calculate the number of bits/sec.

r=vf
But, we do not know the value of v.
We know that
2
2 1024
V 10
= x
Therefore, bits/sec 10 10.8 MHz =
108 M bits/sec. Ans.
EXAMPLE 3.35. If a voice frequency is sampled at the rate of
characterized by peak value of 2 Volts,signal 32,000 samples/sec and
What is determine the value of step size to avoid
quantization noise power N, and corresponding SNR ? slope overload.
kHz. Assume bandwidth of as4 signal
Solution:Given that f 32,000 samples/sec.
Peak value of the =
signal A 2 V.
Bandwidth BW 4 kHz. =

4) Step size A to avoid slope overload

can be caleulated as under
To avoid slope overload the
following condition must be satisfied:
AS
2 T 2 Afg
27Tfm
Substituting the values, we obtain
2s4x32000

21tx 4x103

or
2x 27T x 4x10*
A2
32000
or A2 1.57 Volt Ans.
(i) Next, we find the quantization noise power (N,).
The quantization noise power for a delta modulator is given by

N=157 .

0.822 W
Gii) We know that the signal to noise ratio is
given by
3r 3x(32103)3 = Ans.
19.45
SNR R2 2
BW 8t x(4 x103 2 x 4x103