1

1 A rowing machine is a piece of apparatus that is used in many fitness centres.

The photograph below shows a man training on a rowing machine. The man in the photograph has
his arms extended during the rowing stroke.

(a) The man has an intense workout on the rowing machine.

The graph shows his oxygen uptake before and during exercise.

3.0

2.5

2.0

oxygen
consumption 1.5
/ dm3 min–1

1.0

0.5

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
time / min

exercise starts exercise ends

 2

(i) Explain why there is a steep increase in the man's oxygen consumption at the start of
the exercise.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [4]

(ii) It took 10 minutes after the man had stopped rowing for his oxygen consumption to
decrease to its resting value.

On the graph draw a line between 20 minutes and 35 minutes to show the change in
oxygen consumption after exercise has stopped.
[2]

(iii) Explain why the man's oxygen consumption did not return to the resting value
immediately after exercise.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [4]

[Total: 10]

2 Athletes compete in races of different distances.

The graph below shows the percentage of energy released by aerobic and anaerobic respiration
during these races.
 3

100

80

60 anaerobic
energy respiration
released
aerobic
/% respiration
40

20

0
100 800 1500 10 000 25 000
distance of race / m

(a) Use the graph above to:

(i) state the percentage of energy that is provided by anaerobic respiration in a 100 m race

........................... % [1]

(ii) state the length of race in which 96% of the energy is provided by aerobic respiration

........................... m [1]

(iii) state the length of race where the total energy released by each type of respiration is
equal.

........................... m [1]

(b) State two conclusions that can be made from the data shown in the graph above.

1.........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2.........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]
 4

3 Describe how horses recover from an oxygen debt when they stop exercising.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
 5

4 A respirometer is shown in the diagram below. It can be used to estimate an organism’s rate of
respiration.

A student used a respirometer to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration of
germinating seeds.

Predict the results of this investigation and explain your prediction.

prediction .................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]