PRACTICAL

1
REPORT
Topography Survey

2 (POSITIVE) Group

DCG3008
ENGINEERING SURVEYING 2 3
Code & Course

DGU3A Section Class

Lecture EN. HAIRIE ILKHAM

r BIN SIBARUDDIN

NURUL FARA SAHIRA BINTI ZULKARANAIN 01DGU21F2011

Group NUR ADILLA SOFEA BINTI AFDHUAL 01DGU22F2075
Members
NUR ALIAA MAISARAH BINTI ABDULLAH 01DGU22F1021
AMMAR MUAZ BIN MUHAMMAD FAREED 01DGU22F1025
ABDUL AZIM BIN SAAIDAN 01DGU22F1068
DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

RUBRIC
DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

RUBRIC
 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. OBJECTIVE 1
3. INSTRUMENT 1
4. PROCEDURE 1
5. RESULT & ANALYSIS 1
6. DISCUSSION 1
7. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 1
8. REFERENCES 1

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

I. INTRODUCTION

Topographic survey is a form of survey that is done to determine the

topographical make and height for a certain area. A topographic survey locates
all surface features of a property, and depicts all natural features and
elevations.

There are three main works in topographic survey that we have to do such as
traversing, levelling and detail survey.

As we know that traverse is creating points on the ground with known

coordinates on the horizontal plane. While levelling is creating points on the
ground with known coordinates on the vertical plane. Ang lastly is detailing
survey which is taking details of the height and type along with the general
shape of things in the survey area.

We need to do this three main work in our practical and only then your
topographic surveying will be done in successful.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

II. OBJECTIVE

❖ To give exposure to us regarding the process of topographic surveying

process.
❖ To develop the leadership and responsibilities of teamwork while we
conducting practical fieldwork.
❖ To conduct detailed work with automation survey technique.
❖ To produce a detailed plan with a specific scale.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

III. INSTRUMENTS

i. TRAVERSE

TOTAL STATION • Can measure angles by electro-optical scanning method

through a glass disk or cylinder that has a very precise scale
indicator.
• To measure distance.
• Very important in the work of surveyors
• To obtain the value the angle and the exact distance
TRIPOD
• To hold the total station and prism
• To ensure the total station and prism are stable and at the
center point.

PICKET • To mark out residential boundaries and indicate points and

position of a site
• Usually made of wood (although some are made of metal
or plastic

PRISM

• To make sure our target is on point and in the right

position.

HAMMER

• To hit picket and tails into soil or tarred roads to into new
concrete blocks.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

ii. LEVELLING

LEVELLING INSTRUMENT

• Used to carry out the leveling.

TRIPOD

• To hold the levelling instrument

• To ensure the levelling instrument are stable and at the
center point.

STAFFS

• Is a metric staf that can be extended and shortened. Its

length is 4 or 5 continuous meters.
• There is also a Stop with staf which is in imperial units

STAFFS BUBBLE

• used to keep the setup upright.

• Usually mounted on the side of the staff.
• Air bubbles on staff bubbles can help staff fatigue.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

iii. DETAIL SURVEY

TOTAL STATION
• Can measure angles by electro-optical scanning method
through a glass disk or cylinder that has a very precise scale
indicator.
• To measure distance.
• Very important in the work of surveyors
• To obtain the value the angle and the exact distance

TRIPOD

• To hold the total station and prism

• To ensure the total station and prism are stable and at the
center point.

PICKET
• To mark out residential boundaries and indicate points and
position of a site
• Usually made of wood (although some are made of metal
or plastic).

PRISM

• To make sure our target is on point and in the right

position.

HAMMER

• To hit picket and tails into soil or tarred roads to into new
concrete blocks.

MINI POLE

• It is used to find boundary stones or old pickets with the

help of total stations based on bearings and distances
found in the plan.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

IV. WORK PROCEDURE

DIFFERENTIAL FIELD TEST (DFT)

Before work starts, we need to conduct DFT first to make sure our tools in
good condition to use. The test is carried out on flat ground. This is the
procedure to make DFT:

1) Set up stations at A and B at a distance of not less than 50 meters.

2) Install EDM Tool at station A and reflector at station B.

3) Measure the distance A and B.

4) Establish station at C approximately midway between station A and station

B.

5) Move the EDM tool to station C and install another reflector of station A.

6) Measure the distance of CA station and CB station.

7) Compare the distance AB to the total distance of CB + CB.

8) The allowable difference of not more than 10 mm.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

I. TRAVERSING – HORIZONTAL CONTROL

Once our DFT has been completed, the work we should do is traversing.
Before that, we must do some reconnaissance to study the area and plan the
way how you are going to start your work. To make work easier, sketch the
given area to show existing geographic features and create station. This is the
procedure that needs to be done in traversing:

1) Set up the total station at station 2.

2) Set a target at station 1 and 3. You can use tripod with prism at this target
station.
3) Set 2-1 line as a back sight (Datum).
4) Then, lock the upper plate before you turn your total station to station 1.
5) Lock the lower plate once you get your target.
6) Insert the datum value in total station. Measure the distance from line 2-1.
7) Unlock the upper plate, then turn to station 3 and record the bearing and
distance for 2-3 line (foresight).
8) Continue the same procedure to the next station as planning.
9) Prepare your field book for recording horizontal angles, vertical angles and
distances.
10) Make sure the differences of circle left and circle right bearing less than
20” at all stations. Each traversing line distance should be more than 30
meters.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

TWO PEG TEST

After that, we need to do the second main work in topographic surveying

which is levelling. Before we start our levelling, we need to do two peg test
first to check the tools if it’s good to use or not. This is the following how to do
this work:

1. we need to set the staff 1 and make it as a

point A on more or flat ground.

2. After that, set up the tool about 10m from

the point A and known as a setup1. Set the staff

2 (point B) with the same distance in the

opposite direction.

3. Take the readings of staff Pt A(setup1) and

Pt B(setup1).

4. In calculation: (Pt A(1) – Pt B(1)) gives the

actual difference between adjustable levels A and B because of the

viewing distances (which causing the occurrence of discrepancies) is the

same.

5. Move the tool to setup 2 which is above the line B about 5m.

6. After that, take the readings of staff Pt A(2) and Pt B(2) respectively at

points A and B. And do a calculation.

7. When (Pt A1 – Pt B1) = (PtA2 - PtB2) is allowable in collimation error

which is 2mm or less, the tool is in adjustment.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

II. VERTICAL CONTROL – LEVELLING

Then, we can go to the next step after making adjustment of the tools. So, the
list below shows the procedure in doing levelling.

1) Locate the TBM or BM for starting point. This will be the starting station
and first backsight (BS).
2) Set up the levelling instrument at an appropriate position (about 30-50
meters from the BM). At the meantime, a staff man will hold a levelling
staff vertically, with the aid of a staff bubble, on the BM. The first reading
taken on this staff is known as the BS.
3) Next, another staff man shall locate the forward point known as the
change point and make sure that the backsight and foresight distances are
approximately equal (this is to eliminate collimation error, if any).
4) The surveyor will then focus to the forward staff held vertically at the
change point (this is the first change point) to read the staff reading, which
is known as the foresight and to be booked.
5) At the mean time while reading the fore sight (FS), the staff man at BM
shall move to find the next change point.
6) The instrument man shall move to instrument station 2 (make sure the BS
distance is equal to FS distance) to make the BS and FS reading.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

7) The process shall be repeated until the next nearest BM/TBM is reached.
If another BM/TBM is reached, the levelling circuit is known as the series
levelling. If levelling circuit reached back to the starting BM/TBM, the
levelling circuit is known as closed levelling.
8) Reduce all the elevations to station numbers either by rise and fall method
or HPC method (choose either one).

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

III. DETAIL SURVEY

After the traversing and levelling work is completed, finally we take details to
further complete our field work which is topographic surveying. In this work we
also need to do reconnaissance so we can study the selected area given
before start observation. This is step how we make detailing survey:

1. Choose the appropriate station based on your previous traverse control and it
should be strategic to facilitate details observation.
2. All details shall be observed from a station or a fixed point with reduce level
(RL) data previously.
3. Set up a total station instrument at the required station. Measure height of the
instrument. Set the back sight bearing before starting the detailed observation.
4. Do observations to each require detail such as Roads, Buildings, Trees, Lamp
posts, Sumps, Invert Level (IL), Spot Height and others features related and
start with code #1000 inside total station.
5. Ensure details with bearing (HA), height instrument (HI), pole height (Hi) and
differences height value (± VD) are recorded.

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5. RESULT & ANALYSIS

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6. DISCUSSION

➢ The installation of the total station tool is not correct, it is important to get an
accurate reading.
➢ Many obstacles occur when aiming from the total station to the prism such as tree
branches and buildings.
➢ Unsure weather conditions.
➢ Automatic level battery running out.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

7. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, in order to make a good practice a survey work, we must first

be adept at how to handle all the equipment to make a traverse. This is
because to avoid the occurrence of splits or the desired distance.

Therefore, the EDM/Total station and the prism shall be installed correctly and
the laser or target on the picket must be exactly in the middle of the point as
well as the foam on the total device of the total station and the prism shall
enter in the circle

In order to make the most accurate traverse, we should take care of all the
installation of measurement tools so that there is no open-ended problem. In
addition, we need to ask the lecturer during our measurement process so that
we do not misstep and should re-measure. Next, we should do a survey of the
area before proceeding with the measurements so that the measurement
process can run smoothly.

Finally, cooperation between the teams when doing fieldwork is very

important. Group members who don’t commit make it difficult to do the work.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

RECOMMENDATION

❖ We should plan well before doing the practical so that is more organized
and uncomplicated.
❖ We should alert about the setting up the instrument to make sure the
bubble level is inside the black circle.
❖ We should collect all the data and make noted in field book.
❖ Must be alert when calculated the data.
❖ The distribution of work needs to be done foreach group member to
ensure that the work runs smoothly.

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 DCG30083 – Engineering Surveying 2

8. REFERENCES

1.https://www.studocu.com/my/document/politeknik-tuanku-sultanah-bahiyah/engineering-
survey/engineering-report-2-levelling/21200667
2.https://dokumen.tips/engineering/site-surveying-report-2-traversing.html
3.https://www.coursehero.com/file/44396020/SURVEY-I-Practical-2-Reportdocx/

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