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Human Resources Management in Canada, 14e (Dessler)
Chapter 1 The Strategic Role of Human Resources Management
1) According to the textbook's definition of human resources management, this field involves
A) management techniques for controlling people at work.
B) concepts and techniques used in leading people at work.
C) the management of people in organizations.
D) all managerial activities.
E) concepts and techniques for organizing work activities.
Answer: C
Type: MC
Learning Objective: 1.1: Define human resources management and analyze how it relates to the
management process.
2) The knowledge, education, training, skills, and expertise of a firm's workers are known as
A) management's philosophy.
B) human capital.
C) physical capital.
D) production capital.
E) cultural diversity.
Answer: B
Type: MC
management process.
3) HRM involves formulating and implementing HRM systems that are aligned with the
organization's strategy to ensure the workforce has competencies and behaviours required to
achieve the organization's strategic objectives.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
management process.
4) Define and briefly describe the term "human resources management."

Answer: Five points recommended: 2 for a definition that is close to the textbook
("management of people in organizations") and 3 for being able to identify something close to
"formulating and implementing HRM systems (such as recruitment, performance appraisal, and
compensation) that are aligned with the organization's strategy…"
Type: ES
1
© 2020 Pearson Canada Inc.
management process.
2
5) Which term is a "course of action"?
A) Strategy
B) Human capital
C) Business model
D) Management
E) Authority
Answer: A
Type: MC
management process.
6) Which of the following helps guide the company to its desired destination?
A) Business model
B) Strategic Plan
C) Authority
D) Obligation
E) Responsibility
Answer: B
Type: MC
management process.
7) Most students graduating in the next few years either will work for small businesses or will
create new small businesses of their own, usually without a designated HR department. This
means that entrepreneurs, employees, HR managers, and all managers in small, medium, and
large businesses should be educated on human resources management.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the value of HR expertise to non-HR managers and
entrepreneurs.
8) Human resources management is important to all managers so they can avoid making
common mistakes which may include hiring the wrong person for the job.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe the value of HR expertise to non-HR managers and
entrepreneurs.
9) HR responsibilities have shifted from operational to strategic responsibilities, which involve

formulating and executing organizational strategy.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how HRM has changed over recent years to include a higher-
level advisory role.
3
10) The practice of contracting with outside vendors to handle specified functions on a
permanent basis is known as
A) payroll and benefits administration.
B) outsourcing.
C) labour-management relations.
D) contract administration.
E) hiring temporary employees.
Answer: B
Type: MC
11) Which of the following activities was part of the traditional role of personnel administration
in the early 1900s?
A) Hiring and firing employees
B) Environmental scanning
C) Coaching and mentoring employees
D) Being part of the strategic planning discussions
E) Handling union-management relations
Answer: A
Type: MC
12) In the early 1900s, personnel administration, as it was called then,

A) focused on trying to improve the human element in organizations.
B) served a key advisory role in organizations.
C) was closely tied to union-management relations.
D) was highly influenced by laws and regulations.
E) played a very limited role in organizations.
Answer: E
Type: MC
13) The company's plan for how it will balance its internal strengths and weaknesses with
external opportunities and threats to maintain a competitive advantage is known as
A) company objectives.
B) environmental scanning.
C) strategy.
D) policies and procedures.
E) SWOT.
Answer: C
Type: MC
4
14) Engaged employees drive desired organizational outcomes by going beyond what is required
and understanding and sharing the values and goals of the organization.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
15) Recent research indicates that there is a strong positive relationship between employee
engagement and organizational performance indicators, such as sales growth and total
shareholder return.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
16) HR professionals are expected to be change agents who lead the organization and its
employees through organizational change.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
17) According to the textbook, which of the following is now being used more commonly to
measure the activities and results of human resources?
A) Metrics
B) Academic research evidence
C) Science
D) Strategy
E) Subjective popular press articles
Answer: A
Type: MC
18) Which of the following is the lowest level of HR certification currently available?
A) CHRL
B) CHRC
C) CPHR or CHRP in Ontario
D) CHRA
E) CHRE
Answer: C
Type: MC
Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe the core HR competencies and professionalism of the HRM
function.
5
19) As of 2016, in all provinces except Ontario, the CHRP designated was renamed
A) CHRL.
B) CHRC.
C) CPHR .
D) CHRA.
E) CHRE.
Answer: C
Type: MC
function.
20) The highest level HR designation in Ontario is

A) CHRL.
B) CHRC.
C) CPHR.
D) CHRA.
E) CHRE.
Answer: E
Type: MC
function.
21) The Canadian national body that manages certification for human resource professionals
(except Ontario) is called the
A) Canadian Management Association.
B) Canadian Council of Human Resources Associations.
C) Society for Human Resources Management.
D) Personnel Professionals Association of Ontario.
E) Personnel Management Association of Canada.
Answer: B
Type: MC
function.
22) The Canadian Council of Human Resources Associations governs the human resources
profession in all provinces except
A) British Columbia.
B) Nova Scotia.
C) Quebec.
D) Ontario.
E) Manitoba.
Answer: D
Type: MC
function.
6
23) Certified HRM professionals must abide by a uniform code of ethics to maintain professional
status.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
function.
24) HRM has evolved over the last few decades due to external environmental influences, such
as globalization, technological changes, and environmental concerns, all of which drive the
strategic focus of HRM.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
Learning Objective: 1.6: Discuss the internal and external environmental factors affecting
human resources management policies and practices, and explain their impact.
25) Economic downturns are generally associated with

A) higher voluntary turnover.
B) lower unemployment rates.
C) skills shortages.
D) an overwhelming number of job applicants for vacancies.
E) more competition for qualified employees.
Answer: D
Type: MC
26) Which of the following refers to the ratio of an organization's outputs to its inputs?
A) The labour market equation
B) The supply and demand equation
C) Competitive ability
D) The equity ratio
E) Productivity
Answer: E
Type: MC
7
27) External environmental influences having a direct or indirect influence on HRM include
which of the following?
A) Increasing empowerment
B) Increasing engagement
C) Labour market issues
D) Organizational climate
E) Organizational culture
Answer: C
Type: MC
28) When unemployment rates fall,

A) there is less competition for qualified employees.
B) training and retention strategies increase in importance.
C) selection strategies increase in importance.
D) qualified workers become more engaged.
E) organizational culture improves.
Answer: B
Type: MC
29) Mortgage Financial needs to recruit 10 employees for a period of three months to assist its
team of underwriters during the busy season. The company does not want to provide these 10
employees regular full-time employment status. These employees will be known as which type
of workers?
A) Regular workers
B) Permanent workers
C) Technical workers
D) Contingent workers
E) Primary sector workers
Answer: D
Type: MC
30) The characteristics of the workforce, such as race, gender, and age are known as
A) values.
B) population trends.
C) beliefs.
D) customs and norms.
E) demographic factors.
Answer: E
Type: MC
8
31) Which generation has attitudes, values, and expectations of both optimism and team
orientation?
A) Traditionalists
B) Generation Z-ers
C) Generation X-ers
D) Baby boomers
E) Generation Y-ers
Answer: D
Type: MC
32) Baby boomers

A) grew up in an era of hardship.
B) were born between 1946 and 1964.
C) were born between 1922 and 1945.
D) grew up as divorce rates skyrocketed.
E) expect to change jobs frequently.
Answer: B
Type: MC
33) One key characteristic of Generation X employees is

A) mastery of technology.
B) eagerness to make a contribution.
C) a sense of security linked to corporate loyalty.
D) an orientation towards action.
E) results driven.
Answer: E
Type: MC
34) Which sector dominates the Canadian economy?

A) Secondary sector
B) Primary sector
C) Education sector
D) Service sector
E) Manufacturing sector
Answer: D
Type: MC
9
35) Technological advances have
A) enabled people to work anywhere and everywhere.
B) decreased work-family balance issues.
C) resulted in a decline in privacy-related issues.
D) had little impact on service-sector firms.
E) led to significant increases in the employment of persons with disabilities.
Answer: A
Type: MC
36) Questions concerning ________ are at the core of a growing controversy brought about by
new information technologies.
A) data control, accuracy, the right to privacy, and ethics
B) employee engagement
C) job satisfaction
D) environmental and social responsibility
E) speed and efficiency
Answer: A
Type: MC
37) You are the Director of Human Resources at a real estate development company based in
Toronto. To attract and retain employees born after 1980, which of the following would you
emphasize?
A) Economic conservatism
B) Pragmatism
C) Stability
D) Civic duty
E) Informality
Answer: D
Type: MC
38) You are the HR Generalist of a national railway. Which employment legislation would you
refer to when it comes to employee relations issues within the organization?
A) Jurisdictional
B) Provincial
C) Territorial
D) Federal
E) Municipal
Answer: D
Type: MC
10
39) Each of the 10 provinces and three territories has its own human rights legislation.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
40) Minimum wage, overtime pay requirements, and vacation entitlements

A) are the same across all jurisdictions.
B) are the same across all provinces.
C) vary from one province/territory to another.
D) are the same across all territories.
E) vary from one federally regulated employer to another.
Answer: C
Type: MC
41) The tendency of firms to expand their operations around the world is known as
A) cultural diversity.
B) globalization.
C) international marketing.
D) product diversification.
E) domestication.
Answer: B
Type: MC
42) The growing integration of the world economy has vastly increased
A) employee turnover.
B) the quality of products and services.
C) standardization practices.
D) the prices of products and services.
E) the intensity of competition.
Answer: E
Type: MC
43) The primary sector, which includes agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining now represents
the majority of jobs in Canada.
Answer: FALSE
Type: TF
11
44) Productivity refers to the amount of goods produced from one year to the next.
Answer: FALSE
Type: TF
45) The tertiary sector includes jobs in agriculture, fishing and trapping, forestry, and mining.
Answer: FALSE
Type: TF
46) The condition of the labour market is a key environmental influence on human resources
management in any organization. With the end of mandatory retirement in most Canadian
jurisdictions, there are employees from all four of the demographic groups in the workforce.
Identify and briefly describe each of the four demographic groups, then describe two challenges
posed by the differences between the demographic groups in the workplace.
Answer: For the first 8 points of this 10 point question, identify each of the groups
(Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y) and one or two characteristics
for each group. For the last 2 points, the student should express how the
attitudes/values/expectations/differences may create issues in the workplace. See Table 1.4 on
page 17.
Type: ES
47) The core values, beliefs, and norms that are widely shared by members of an organization are
known as
A) the strategic plan.
B) the mission statement.
C) organizational culture.
D) organizational climate.
E) the prevailing atmosphere.
Answer: C
Type: MC
12
48) Which of the following is one of the purposes that organizational culture serves?
A) Increasing training levels
B) Increasing customer service levels
C) Fostering employee loyalty and commitment
D) Succession planning
E) Creating a friendlier atmosphere
Answer: C
Type: MC
49) The prevailing atmosphere or ''internal weather" that exists in an organization and its impact
on employees is known as
A) performance.
B) mission.
C) vision.
D) organizational climate.
E) corporate culture.
Answer: D
Type: MC
50) Revlex Inc. has decided to allow its front-line workers to make decisions regarding the
ordering of certain supplies that were formerly made by managers. This initiative is an example
of
A) workplace incentives.
B) a change in organizational climate.
C) job restructuring.
D) employee empowerment.
E) management development.
Answer: D
Type: MC
13
51) Joe Brown was hired by a manufacturing firm as a supervisor. During his first few weeks as
a supervisor, he realized that the employees reporting to him expected a lot of direction and
expected him to make all of the decisions. Joe Brown decided to train his employees to take on
additional responsibilities and make decisions within a specific scope. Joe Brown is
A) outsourcing his staff.
B) narrowing his staff.
C) embracing his staff.
D) empowering his staff.
E) rewarding his staff.
Answer: D
Type: MC
52) Internal factors impacting HRM include all of the following except
A) organizational culture.
B) organizational climate.
C) globalization.
D) management practices.
E) retention strategies.
Answer: C
Type: MC
53) External factors impacting HRM include all of the following except
A) government.
B) economic factors.
C) globalization.
E) environmental concerns.
Answer: D
Type: MC
54) ________ consists of the core values, beliefs, and assumptions that are widely shared by
members of an organization.
A) Organizational culture
B) Organizational climate
C) Globalization
D) Management practices
E) Retention strategies
Answer: A
Type: MC
14
55) At Rybak Enterprises, a number of employees have started a working group to address
sustainability issues. Which external factor are they responding to?
A) Government
B) Economic factors
C) Globalization
E) Environmental concerns
Answer: E
Type: MC
56) A minimum wage issue has been a key topic in a provincial election. Which external factor
does this most closely relate to
A) government.
B) economic factors.
C) globalization.
E) environmental concerns.
Answer: A
Type: MC
57) Moving jobs offshore is usually a result of what external factor?

A) Government
B) Economic factors
C) Globalization.
E) Environmental concerns
Answer: C
Type: MC
58) Employee empowerment is decreasing.

Answer: FALSE
Type: TF
15
59) What is the purpose of an organizational culture?
Answer: Two points for each of the following:
• communicating what the organization believes in and stands for
• providing employees with a sense of direction and expected behaviour (norms)
• shaping employees' attitudes about themselves, the organization, and their roles
• creating a sense of identity, orderliness, and consistency
• fostering employee loyalty and commitment
Type: ES
60) HR professionals play a key role in helping managers throughout the firm establish and
maintain a positive organizational climate.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
61) Employees of the federal government and Crown corporations, chartered banks, airlines, and
the Canadian Armed Forces are covered by federal employment legislation.
Answer: TRUE
Type: TF
16
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Fossil plants,
Vol. 1: [A text-book] for students of botany and
geology
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
Title: Fossil plants, Vol. 1: [A text-book] for students of botany

and geology
Author: A. C. Seward
Release date: May 10, 2022 [eBook #68043]
Language: English
Original publication: United Kingdom: Cambridge University

Press, 1898
Credits: Peter Becker, Robert Tonsing and the Online

Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
(This file was produced from images generously made
available by The Internet Archive)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FOSSIL

PLANTS, VOL. 1: [A TEXT-BOOK] FOR STUDENTS OF BOTANY
AND GEOLOGY ***
Cambridge Natural Science Manuals.
Biological Series.
General Editor:—Arthur E. Shipley, M.A.
FELLOW AND TUTOR OF CHRIST’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.
F O S S I L P L A N T S.
London: C. J. CLAY and SONS,
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,
AVE MARIA LANE,
AND
H. K. LEWIS,
136, GOWER STREET, W.C.
Glasgow: 263, ARGYLE STREET.

Leipzig: F. A. BROCKHAUS.
New York: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Bombay: E. SEYMOUR HALE.
Tree Stumps in a Carboniferous Forest. Victoria Park, Glasgow.
F OS S I L P L A N T S
FOR STUDENTS OF BOTANY AND GEOLOGY
BY
A. C. SEWARD, M.A., F.G.S.

ST JOHN’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,
LECTURER IN BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.
VOL. I.
CAMBRIDGE:
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
1898
[All Rights reserved.]
Cambridge:
PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

PREFACE.
IN acceding to Mr Shipley’s request to write a book on Fossil Plants
for the Cambridge Natural History Series, I am well aware that I have
undertaken a work which was considered too serious a task by one
who has been called a “founder of modern Palaeobotany.” I owe
more than I am able to express to the friendship and guidance of the
late Professor Williamson; and that I have attempted a work to which
he consistently refused to commit himself, requires a word of
explanation. My excuse must be that I have endeavoured to write a
book which may render more accessible to students some of the
important facts of Palaeobotany, and suggest lines of investigation in
a subject which Williamson had so thoroughly at heart.
The subject of Palaeobotany does not readily lend itself to
adequate treatment in a work intended for both geological and
botanical students. The Botanist and Geologist are not always
acquainted with each other’s subject in a sufficient degree to
appreciate the significance of Palaeobotany in its several points of
contact with Geology and recent Botany. I have endeavoured to bear
in mind the possibility that the following pages may be read by both
non-geological and non-botanical students. It needs but a slight
acquaintance with Geology for a Botanist to estimate the value of the
most important applications of Palaeobotany; on the other hand, the
bearing of fossil plants on the problems of phylogeny and descent
cannot be adequately understood without a fairly intimate knowledge
of recent Botany.
The student of elementary geology is not as a rule required to
concern himself with vegetable palaeontology, beyond a general
acquaintance with such facts as are to be found in geological text-
books. The advanced student will necessarily find in these pages
much with which he is already familiar; but this is to some extent
unavoidable in a book which is written with the dual object of
appealing to Botanists and Geologists. While considering those who
may wish to extend their botanical or geological knowledge by an
acquaintance with Palaeobotany, my aim has been to keep in view
the requirements of the student who may be induced to approach the
subject from the standpoint of an original investigator. As a possible
assistance to those undertaking research in this promising field of
work, I have given more references than may seem appropriate to
an introductory treatise, and there are certain questions dealt with in
greater detail than an elementary treatment of the subject requires.
In several instances references are given in the text or in footnotes
to specimens of Coal-Measure plants in the Williamson cabinet of
microscopic sections. Now that this invaluable collection of slides
has been acquired by the Trustees of the British Museum, the
student of Palaeobotany has the opportunity of investigating for
himself the histology of Palaeozoic plants.
My plan has been to deal in some detail with certain selected
types, and to refer briefly to such others as should be studied by
anyone desirous of pursuing the subject more thoroughly, rather than
to cover a wide range or to attempt to make the list of types
complete. Of late years there has been a much wider interest
evinced by Botanists in the study of fossil plants, and this is in great
measure due to the valuable and able work of Graf zu Solms-
Laubach. His Einleitung in die Palaeophytologie must long remain a
constant book of reference for those engaged in palaeobotanical
work. While referring to authors who have advanced the study of
petrified plants of the Coal period, one should not forget the valuable
services that have been rendered by such men as Butterworth,
Binns, Wilde, Earnshaw, Spencer, Nield, Lomax and Hemingway, by
whose skill the specimens described by Williamson and others were
first obtained and prepared for microscopical examination.
I am indebted to many friends, both British and Continental, for
help of various kinds. I would in the first place express my thanks to
Professor T. McKenny Hughes for having originally persuaded me to
begin the study of recent and fossil plants. I am indebted to Prof.
Nathorst of Stockholm, Dr Hartz of Copenhagen, Prof. Zeiller, Dr
Renault and Prof. Munier-Chalmas of Paris, Prof. Bertrand of Lille,
Prof. Stenzel and the late Prof. Roemer of Breslau, Dr Sterzel of
Chemnitz, the late Prof. Weiss of Berlin, the late Dr Stur of Vienna,
and other continental workers, as well as to Mr Knowlton of
Washington, for facilities afforded me in the examination of fossil
plant collections. My thanks are due to the members of the
Geological and Botanical departments of the British Museum; also to
Mr E. T. Newton of the Geological Survey, and to those in charge of
various provincial museums, for their never-failing kindness in
offering me every assistance in the investigation of fossil plants
under their charge. Prof. Marshall Ward has given me the benefit of
his criticism on the section dealing with Fungi; and my friend Mr
Alfred Harker has rendered me a similar service as regards the
chapter on Geological History. I am especially grateful to my
colleague, Mr Francis Darwin, for having read through the whole of
the proofs of this volume. To Mr Shipley, as Editor, I am under a debt
of obligation for suggestions and help in various forms. I would also
express my sense of the unfailing courtesy and skill of the staff of the
University Press.
My friend Mr Kidston of Stirling has always generously responded
to my requests for the loan of specimens from his private collection.
Prof. Bayley Balfour of Edinburgh, Mr Wethered of Cheltenham and
others have assisted me in a similar manner. I would also express
my gratitude to Dr Hoyle of Manchester, Mr Platnauer of York, and
Mr Rowntree of Scarborough for the loan of specimens.
To Dr Henry Woodward of the British Museum I am indebted for
the loan of the woodblocks made use of in figs. 10, 47, 60, 66, and
101, and to Messrs Macmillan for the process-block of fig. 25.
For the photographs reproduced in figs. 15, 34, 68, 102 and 103 I
owe an acknowledgment to Mr Edwin Wilson of Cambridge, and to
my friend Mr C. A. Barber for the micro-photograph made use of in
fig. 40.
In conclusion I wish more particularly to thank my wife, who has
drawn by far the greater number of the illustrations, and has in many
other ways assisted me in the preparation of this Volume.
In Volume II the Systematic treatment of Plants will be concluded,
and the last chapters will be devoted to such subjects as geological
floras, plants as rock-builders, fossil plants and evolution, and other
general questions connected with Palaeobotany.
A. C. SEWARD.
Botanical Laboratory, Cambridge.
March, 1898.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
———————
PART I. GENERAL.
CHAPTER I.
HISTORICAL SKETCH. Pp. 1–11.
Fossil plants and the Flood. Sternberg and Brongniart. The internal structure of
fossil plants. English Palaeobotanists. Difficulties of identification.
CHAPTER II.
RELATION OF PALAEOBOTANY TO BOTANY AND GEOLOGY. Pp. 12–21.
Neglect of fossils by Botanists. Fossil plants and distribution. Fossil plants and
climate. Fossil plants and phylogeny.
CHAPTER III.
GEOLOGICAL HISTORY. Pp. 22–53.
Rock-building. Calcareous rocks. Geological sections. Inversion of strata. Table of

Strata:
I. Archaean, 34–36. II. Cambrian, 36–37. III. Ordovician, 37–38. IV. Silurian, 38.
V. Devonian, 39. VI. Carboniferous, 39–45. VII. Permian, 45–47. VIII. Trias.,
47–48. IX. Jurassic, 48–49. X. Cretaceous, 50–51. XI. Tertiary, 51–53.
Geological Evolution.
CHAPTER IV.
THE PRESERVATION OF PLANTS AS FOSSILS. Pp. 54–92.
Old surface-soils. Fossil wood. Conditions of fossilisation. Drifting of trees.

Meaning of the term ‘Fossil.’ Incrustations. Casts of trees. Fossil casts. Plants

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Test Bank for Human Resource Management, 12th Edition:

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Human Resource Management 15th Edition Dessler

Human Resource Management Dessler 13th Edition

Test Bank for Managing Human Resources, 6th Canadian

4) Define and briefly describe the term "human resources management."

9) HR responsibilities have shifted from operational to strategic responsibilities, which involve

12) In the early 1900s, personnel administration, as it was called then,

20) The highest level HR designation in Ontario is

25) Economic downturns are generally associated with

28) When unemployment rates fall,

32) Baby boomers

33) One key characteristic of Generation X employees is

34) Which sector dominates the Canadian economy?

40) Minimum wage, overtime pay requirements, and vacation entitlements

57) Moving jobs offshore is usually a result of what external factor?

58) Employee empowerment is decreasing.

Title: Fossil plants, Vol. 1: [A text-book] for students of botany

Release date: May 10, 2022 [eBook #68043]

Original publication: United Kingdom: Cambridge University

Credits: Peter Becker, Robert Tonsing and the Online

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FOSSIL

Glasgow: 263, ARGYLE STREET.

A. C. SEWARD, M.A., F.G.S.

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

Rock-building. Calcareous rocks. Geological sections. Inversion of strata. Table of

Old surface-soils. Fossil wood. Conditions of fossilisation. Drifting of trees.

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