MOTION
01
REST
If position of an object with
respect to its surroundings
doesn’t change with time,
we say that the object is at
rest. Example: A tree and a
building with respect to
ground are at rest.
07
AVERAGE SPEED
The speed defined for a
time-interval is known as
average speed.
If an object travels a
distance s in time t then its
speed v is,v = s
t
13
STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION
If an object moves along a
straight line, this type of
motion is known as straight
line motion. Example: A bus
moving on a straight road.
02 03 04 05 06
MOTION REFERENCE POINT DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT SPEED
If position of an object with A point with respect to Distance is the length of the Displacement is the length It is time rate at which an
respect to its surroundings which the position of an actual path travelled by an of the shortest path from object travels distance. The
changes with time, we say object is described is called object from one point to the initial point to the final SI unit of speed is metre per
that the object is in motion. reference point. We choose another point. point. It is a vector quantity second and represented as
Example- Position of a a reference point according that has magnitude as well m/s.
moving car with respect to to our convenience. as direction.
ground changes with time.
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08 09 UNIFORM MOTION UNIFORM CIRCULAR NON UNIFORM
If an object moves equal MOTION MOTION
VELOCITY ACCELERATION distance in equal If an object moves unequal
When an object moves on a
The speed in a particular direction is The time rate of change of velocity is called time-intervals, the motion is distance in equal
circular path with a constant
called velocity. Thus, velocity has two type acceleration. If the velocity of an object changes called uniform motion. time-intervals, the motion is
speed not velocity, the motion of
of variables speed and direction. It can be from an initial value u to the final value v in time Example: A bike moving with called non-uniform motion.
the object is known as uniform
changed by changing the object’s speed, t, the acceleration, constant speed. Example- Motion of car on a
circular motion. Example-Motion
direction of motion or both. Its SI unit is a = V -t U . The SI unit of acceleration is ms-2. crowded road.
of Tip of needles in watch.
metre per second and represented as If the change in velocity is equal in equal time
m/s. intervals, the acceleration is called uniform
If velocity of an object is changing at a acceleration. The motion of a freely falling object
uniform rate, then average velocity is is a uniformly accelerated motion.If the change
average velocity =initial velocity(u) + final in velocity is unequal in equal time intervals, the
velocity(v)/2 or V = U + V > acceleration is called non-uniform acceleration.
15
avg 2
if a bike travelling along a straight road
increases its speed by unequal amounts in
equal intervals of time, then the motion of the GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MOTION
bike is called non-uniform accelerated motion. 1 Distance: Time Graph-In this graph, time is 2 Velocity Time Graph: In this graph, time is
taken along the x–axis and distance are taken taken along the x–axis and velocity are taken
along the y-axis. along the y-axis.
y
14 50
Distance
Distance (m)
40
30
Velocity
Velocity
EQUATIONS OF MOTION 20
1st equation, v = u + at
1
10
2nd equation, S = ut + 2 at2 0 x Time Time
5 10 15 20 25 Time
(a) For uniform motion (b) For uniform
3rd equation, v2 = u2 + 2aS. Time (sec) (b) For non-uniform
accelerated motion
(a) For uniform speed
motion- The graph will
The graph will be a
be non-linear that
straight line.
means it will be curved
shape.