CUE NOTES

Notes
Questions

often after notes

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you
-

study more

JU M
SUMMERISE WHAT
YOU HAVE LEARNT
 -
human body
-
copper
-
gold - rubber
-
aluminium -
plastic
'
\

allows electric allow electric

current to flow does not
to flow through
through balloons current
\
I 1
conductor
static insulator
""
y 1 , " it
-
'
voltage
current -

Electricity -

/ I \
ohms law
circuit
source
diagram
'
'
l
'
convert energy
/ open dosed cel, -

to electrical
,

symbols battery
2-1
energy
-
 /

There of
2 static
electricity
-

are
types
positive charge
-

negative charge
-

positive charge positive charge

+ =
repel
-

negative charge +
negative charge =
repel
-

negative charge +
positive charge = attract

✗
Do not confuse with magnet
-

magnets from magnetic poles

-
static from electric charges

copy Complete
+ these sentences

1) There are two types of

charge called positive and negative charges .

Two objects with the same

charge will repel and
two objects with opposite charges will attract .
 ELECTRIC CHARGES
-

positive charges can't move since they are a part of the atom
-
electrons that moved are the free electrons
-

objects with the charge will repel each other

same

-
we can
charge uncharged objects by rubbing induced charge =

+ + >
Repel

- -
>
Repel

+ -
> Attract

knowing which
way electrons will move depends on the object / material
that we use

metal
-

Charging by contact
Xmmmmmnmmmmm
Charging by induction
µqp7%%u¥¥
-

electroscope

Lesson Demo

ggmmmmñBBB§✗

electrons
negatively charged
are attracted to the balloon

since the can is able to roll ,

the electrons push the can towards the balloon .

Summary :
 ELECTRIC FIELDS AND FLOW OF CHARGE

Clouds charged by rubbing

awhrywaspositiecharge are it through the air )
-

1 as moves

repented -
Air particles ionise and
discharge the clouds .

Can the
charge in
f?M,.- if it is too much

down to earth
it discharges
lightning ,
Boog
+€Ff'Bqq%§f
did
the middle of the elec - lightning conductor

trio field be a
negative ④
④ +0

charge ?
pµ%
field
:p / large
+1µg
f. strength
'

negative charge is

the cloud
positive charge is attracted to the
negative charge that is in

DURING LESSON
Field
Electric
Electric Field
goes away from positive
+
→
accelerate I and forward negative
+ } -

Fate
Electric Field plate

→ Field of force
↳ volume in in
space
which force
normal objects experience a

charge = O
b ④ -0

T
+

T
+ +

f
+

/ ④→
.
-

+ + +:
+
- -
+

④ ④
↳ 9 ↳ -
9
→

electric field
The cell separates -

the charges ^
+
7
-
<
+ >

:¥
-

+
from
-
-

Field lines positive to negative

u
L
✓
-

Spread out evenly electric field

- -

-
Never cross electric field

-
Leave at 90°

Clouds ionised
Summary are
by air particles and discharged by air particles in the form of
lightning
-

Humans have
lightning conductor to attract the
lightnings 1 which are all negatively charge) the conductor
takes the form of a sharp metal pole ,
which is positively charged .
so
lightning is attracted to the pole .

unlike attract )
charges
 ELECTRIC FIELDS

OV
conductor
GV
±
.

+
>

}
:
-

and
NO CUE ATM ④ -0
battery
# Truss hanger

÷
r
conduction paper

3. 5V 1.8 ✓ 1.4 V
+

#-
+
HHY

field lines

Line of
/
equipotential

static
electricity is created when charges doesn't flow

E¥¥
When charges flow = Current Electricity
I ✗ ]
Flows from positive to negative
-

Conventional current
[ +1 ,
-

•
✗ a -

Electron flow is from negative to positive

↳ I
+1 ,

Eectri city is the flow of electron

electrons negatively charged so they are
are

attracted to the positive but eventually gets

repelled by the negative so the flow that way .
 CURRENTS
( or flow of
charge )

charge flowing per unit of time .

Q=I×t

charge 1 Coulomb .CI

current /
flowing
t time 1 seconds .SI

1
Amperes Amp , ,
A)

Ammeters measure the current camps ,

A

* *

4
+

(
= current
-

i
- - - -
-
- -
- - -

' A 0.1A
0.1A A ,

i. =)
✗I
the Flows from positive to negative
- - -
-

A
- -

current is same everywhere ✗

-
0.1A .

g-
-
-

/1 - -
- - - -

: f Most current goes through the

1g
" short circuit wire

Af ,
→
✗
→

'

l
:
l -

✗
-

A
- = - -
-
- - - -
-

l
I
,

'
"
✗
"
I
T
-

A
- - - -
- - -
- - - -

parallel circuit current can

go
either path

✗
→ →
a

f
.

=
0.1A (Theory : OA )
?⃝
 CIRCUIT

]
+

1 f
Most current goes through the

→ →
/ short circuit wire
✗

-
× I -
1
Flows from positive to negative
extra wire

it ammeters are connected

✗ in series

=
0.2A

11

[
f h f .

-
✗ -
I →
✗
→
a
/
y
.

( a )
=
5 A
-

Dimmer bulb
=
0.1A (Theory :O A)
-
Lots of current me svred

-11
1- ☒I-1
11-1
-

= 0.1 A

Theory -0 A
-
Work
✓
-
notes to cover static electricity
class kick 4.1 4.1-b till in the blanks
-

-
notes for current ✗
a
, .
4.1cg
✓
-

charge quiz
-
video that watched 2 mins . continue ☒
 -1 "
'T
"

[ ☒
,
,,,

-
gunny
⑦ -

t
"

limit reduce the

-

current
Ammeter
reading , 0.2g

positive is the red wine

"" "
'T
1-④
-
-
7
☐
u
T
_④-[¥I
1-0×-1
☒

[ ]
Demo Hi -

-1
-

1- ☒
L☒-☐i LEN
A- 0.51

1-
4-
""
T -**¥☐]
s-ox-L.at rent will flow from
negative
to positive and will take the

*
Ammeters have no resistance path with the least resistance

I = Cs

Hit]
5

0×-0×-0^-17
-
1111 -1 I 0.24A
1- ☒
=

- ☒ -② -

( less than circuit 1)

L,
 Potential Difference

and
voltage energy

cells and battery provides energy to the electrons and guides energy
will then lose their
to charged and as the
charge flows
they energy .

current
The will not change in a
seriesciruit ,
the
energy of the electron will decrease

voltage is the
energy per unit of charge
voltmeter
tells us
y gives energy
the difference between
=
y
¥
1¥17
✗ and y
p d..
=
energy
-
.
n
y

charge -
☒ -

why is the other

bulb 's component

voltage more
takes energy
than the other ? from the charge

and y both have

"

potential
"

✗ IEIQ)
but they are different

if connected correctly will get a positive reading

EMF is the potential difference of a power supply ( electromotive force)

PD is .
usually for component

9 V :
means that the electrons are transferring 9
energy per coulomb

how energy transfer in an electrical circuit

 RESISTANCE

cue
it if the temperature is constant

✓ ( voltage) those metals will 0hm 's law

obey
=
metals carbon
. . alloys )
why does
longer wire ↳ c
Resisters will obey 0hm 's law

have more resistance ? IV =

E- ( power )
✓

¥ ⑨r=÷ ¥ is not constant

]
i.÷:
R .

R
-

•
- - -
- -

A
=
t constant for metal at a constant , so cannot measure
I
I. temperature) the resistance .

L④) R =/ m

v
I=¥ / R= ÷ / V= IR
/ R =
¥ since v. =/ o

=
resistance
m="±Io →
Io

Rtm
=/ 0

metals are made up of a lattice of atoms and free -

moving electrons they move

randomly )

If the lattice heats up the atoms will vibrate more

so it is harder for electrons to move .

therefore causing
increase in resistance .

Ohm's Law

V=IR the bigger the resistance the harder for the electrons

to flow by

V= RI V RI
-
-

y = MX volts is
directly proportional to the
current
passing through the resistance
and
directly proportional to✓ the resistance
y
gradient Gradient
= m
= R

I
✗

only works for Ohmic conductor

,
conductors that obeys 0hm 'S law

¥ is constant .

filament lamps does not obey 0hm 's Law because it 's temperature

is not constant → it 's temperature is

directly proportional to it 's

resistance c
temperature 9-i. resistance 9+1
 Linear linear +
origin increasing decreasing
=
proportional

P.D.acrossacomponentc.vn
Resistance =

through
rent component the

charge energy
I =
①
It time
V =
EIQ charge
R=¥
I -
-

¥
V1 = ✗
¥ =
E- / power

f- IR
E- =
constant

( objects the 0hm 's law Fame resistance

obey
carbon
wires , , alloy )

Resistance is defined by R=¥

Voltage =
Energy current =
%¥s÷nce
Charge
Voltage ✗ Current = Energy
time
current =

Voltage : Current ✗ Resistance

Resistance ,
voltage
Torrent
 MID -
UNIT TEST RESULT
Raw score : 23/29
Percentage : 79 %
Grade : ?

WWW : 1)
2)

EBI :
11
2)

%
5)

Topics that need improvement w/ Question examples .

For example

correct answers ) : F- ¥
13=1.6×10-19
1

= 8.125×1019
1. 6×10-19 simplified = 8.12×1019
Bulb Results Diode Results

foment " y y
""
"" " current (A) Voltage ( V1

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

A
0.90 2.06
/ 0.00 -2.06

1. 23 4.06 0.00 -4.00

1. 48 5.95 0.00 -6.02

1. 75 8.00 0.00 -7.97

1. 07 10.06 0.00 -10.00

| | |
-

0.90 " " 0.00 0.57

O °

]
" " " " "" ""

A
1.61 -6.03
④
-

-1
0.09 0.79

f-DI
-
1.75 -8.03 0.18 0.82

-
1.97 -10.15 0.36 0.85

0.99 0.81

1. 15 0.92

write a conclusion that compares the component

the 3
compare components
-

-
Describe the 3

Contrast I describe the differences )

+
explain the differences
 current ""

÷;÷.i:
2.8 -

2. 6-

2.4 -

2. 2-

2.0 -

1.8 -

1.6-

1.4 -
✗

1.2 -

1.0 -

0.8 -

0.6 -

0.4 -

0.2 -

< .
. .
✗

voltage ( V )

✗
÷: :
-
0.6 -

✗ -
1.0 -

×
✗
-1.2 -

-
1.4 -

-1.6 -

✗
-
1.8 -

-
2.0 -

-2.2 -

-
2.4 -

-
2. 6 -

-
2.8 -
 11--11 ( Cmt Rd (V) Current (A) Resistance (1)
Length

10 4.38 1.00 4.38

A
20 4.95 0.58 8:53
V
30 5.14 0.41 12.54

40 5.32 0.38 14.00

5.39 19.96
"

50 0.27

60 5.45 0.23 23.70

Resistance per unit length

RT this true ?
=
is

testing a relationship
I = K If we
plot Romy - axis and L on x-axis
L

R2 kl and we
get a straight line
through the
origin the

MX relationship
Y= the is true k is equal to the gradient .
 24
? ✗

22 -

20 -

18 -

§
16 -

§ 14 -
✗

8 ✗
12 -

§ 10 -

✗
8 -

b -

✗
4 -

2 -1

O
I

10 20
1 I

30
1

40
I
50
1 ) N
60

ya Yi
Length 1cm )
-

11.54--4.38
¥ 10-30

Length ( Cmt Rd (V) current (A) Resistance (D) The resistance is therefore directly
proportional to the lenghtof the wire

10 4.38 1.00 4.38

20 4.95 0.58 8:53

30 5.14 0.41 12.54

40 5.32 0.38 14.00

50 5.39 0.27 19.96

60 5.45 0.23 23.70

 24
? ✗

22 -

20 -

18 -

¥ 16 -

⇐
§ 14 -
✗

8 ✗
12 -

§ 10 -

✗
8 -

6-

✗
4-

2 -1

O
I

10
1
20
I

30
1

40
I
50
1 ) N
60
energy per unit of time
p=÷
Power cwatt )

I -
-
¥
= Dg
Dt
volt energy per unit charge
E-
V -
-
-
-

V1

¥ ¥
VI
✗ =
¥ =P P=
E#t
E = Pt

E. Pt

200011201