•Four Systems

Bpsyc- 107 of social work

Samip Kirat
Meaning
• a set of principles or procedures according to which
something is done; an organized scheme or method.
• A "system" generally refers to a set of interconnected or
interdependent components or parts that work together to
achieve a common goal or purpose.
Four Systems of Social Work Practice
• Change Agent System
• Client System
• Target System
• Action System
• How are they related in Social Work Practice ?
 Change
Agent

Client
Target Client System

Action
Fig 1: Four Systems of SW practice
Three level Practice of Social Work
Or,
Three level of Intervention in SW
practice
Meaning

• the action or process of intervening OR, action

taken to improve the situation
• Intervention involves purposeful actions, such
as implementing guidelines and training, to
effect positive change in knowledge and
behavior or to influence and modify specific
outcomes.
 Three levels of interventions.

Micro Mezzo

Macro

Fig 2: Three levels of Social Work Practice

1. Micro level 2. Mezzo level 3. Macro Level

• Individuals • Neighborhoods • Communities and

• Families • Schools/ educational societies
institutions • Policy
• Organizations • Laws and legislation
• formal groups
1. Micro Level Practice
• Micro level practice involves working with individual individually
or with in a family setting to foster changes within personal
functioning, in social relationship, in their behavior (interaction
with social and institutional resources).
• Individual often face problems or difficulties in personal
adjustment, relationship or environmental stress.
• Micro level intervention create changes in individual functioning
along with the issues of families.
• For this a social worker has to utilize wide variety of strategies
such as crisis intervention, counseling, therapies, use of group
process and others.
Mezzo level Intervention
• Mezzo social work practice deals with small to medium sized
groups, such as neighborhoods, schools, groups, or other
organizations.
• Mezzo practice means the practices that solve, analyze the
problems of groups between micro and macro practices.
• It covers larger parts of social work than micro level social work.
• Mezzo social work is not on individuals, or on large society-wide
problems. Rather, it is focused on smaller.
• It seeks to bring change in the group, team, organizational
structure and network of social delivery.
Macro level Intervention
• Macro level social work in social work practice involves working
with section of or with entire community.
• Macro social work involves intervening in large, high-level societal
system.
• Micro and Mezzo level social work deals with working with
individual client and small groups in a co-operative way, but
Macro level social work deals with a community and its issues.
• Macro level social work could be explained in terms of dealing
with public issued which affect a large area.
Cont.
• Changing or improving policy

• Advocacy on behalf of client – emphasizes the weaker and

vulnerable section of the society and give voices when they
are not able to speak for their cause.
•Problem solving Process
in Social work
Stages/Steps/Process of Problem solving in
SW
• Intake
• Assessment
• Planning
• Intervention
• Evaluation
• Termination
• Follow-up
• Have a good day.