eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
Aa¨vq-5: †hŠ_ g~jabx e¨emvq
cix¶v_©x eÜyiv, G Aa¨v‡q †evW© cix¶v, kxl©¯’vbxq K‡jRmg~‡ni wbe©vPwb cix¶v Ges evQvBK…
Z G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U‡÷i cÖkœ¸‡jvi c~Y©v½ DËi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡j †Zvgiv G
Aa¨vq †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi mn‡RB wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
((( Rbve Avwid I Zvi Qq eÜy GKwÎZ n‡q 90
†KvwU UvKv g~jab wb‡q Avb›` †UªWvm© bv‡g
GKwU e¨emvq MVb K‡ib| Avwid I Zvi eÜy wicb
cwiPvjK wbhy³ nb| Zv‡`i mwVK cwiPvjbvq
cÖwZôvbwU Aí mg‡qB mdjZvi gyL †`‡L|
cieZx©‡Z Zviv cwiPvj‡Ki msL¨v I g~jab e„w×mn
e¨emvqwU m¤úÖmvi‡Yi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib|
G j‡¶¨ Zviv RbM‡Yi gv‡S D”Pnvi my‡`i e¨vsK
F‡Yi cwie‡Z© †kqvi wewµ K‡i g~jab msMÖ‡ni
D‡`¨vM †bb| [Xv. †ev. 17]
A K. cwi‡gj wbqgvewj Kx?
A L. †Kv¤úvwbi wPiš—b Aw¯—Z¡ ej‡Z Kx
†evS?
A M. DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ cÖ_g ch©v‡qi
e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A N. DÏxc‡K 1g I 2q ch©v‡qi e¨emv‡qi g‡a¨
†KvbwU A_©bxwZ‡Z AwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶
hyw³ `vI|
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( †h `wj‡j †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨š—ixY I ˆ`bw›`b KvR
cwiPvjbv msµvš— wbqg-bxwZ wjwce× _v‡K Ges
hv cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ wewfbœ e¨w³i ¶gZv,
KZ…©Z¡ I m¤ú‡K©i w`Kwb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i
Zv‡K cwi‡gj wbqgvewj (Articles of Association) e‡j|
( wPiš—b Aw¯—Z¡ ej‡Z mn‡R wejyß nq bv Ggb
Aw¯—Z¡‡K †evSvq|
†Kv¤úvwb msMVb Ab¨vb¨ e¨emv‡qi g‡Zv mn‡R
wejyß nq bv| AvBbvbyhvqx G e¨emvq wPiš—b
Aw¯—‡Z¡i gh©v`v jvf K‡i| c„_K I ¯^vaxb mËvi
Kvi‡Y †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i g„Zz¨, †`DwjqvZ¡ I †kqvi
n¯—vš—i G e¨emv‡qi Aw¯—Z¡‡K wecbœ K‡i bv|
ZvB †Kv¤úvwb n‡jv wPiš—b Aw¯—Z¡m¤úbœ
cÖwZôvb|
( DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ cÖ_g ch©v‡qi e¨emvqwU
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb msMVb|
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v
me©wbæ 2 Ges m‡e©v”P 50 Rb n‡q _v‡K| Gi
cwiPvjK msL¨v 2 Rb| G †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi Aev‡a
n¯—vš—i‡hvM¨ bq| GQvov GwU RbM‡Yi
D‡Ï‡k¨ †kqvi I FYcÎ µ‡qi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z cv‡i
bv|
DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ cÖ_g ch©v‡qi e¨emvq
cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨ msL¨v 7 Rb| e¨emvqwU‡Z
Avwid I Zvi eÜy wicb G `yÕRb cwiPvjK wbhy³
nb| Zviv †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbvq I wm×vš—
MÖn‡Y f‚wgKv iv‡Lb| Gme ˆewkó¨ cÖvB‡fU
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ wgj i‡q‡Q| myZivs,
79
79
cwiPvjK I m`m¨ msL¨vi wfwˇZ cÖ_g ch©v‡qi
e¨emvqwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb
msMVb|
( DÏxc‡Ki 2q ch©v‡qi e¨emvq cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwbB A_©bxwZ‡Z AwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi me©wbæ m`m¨
msL¨v 7 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P Gi †kqvi msL¨v Øviv
mxgve×| Gi b~¨bZg cwiPvjK msL¨v 3 Rb| Gi †kqvi
Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU Aev‡a n¯—vš—i‡hvM¨| ZvB
1 A_©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM †ewk _v‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki 1g ch©v‡qi e¨emvqwU wQj GKwU
2 cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| cieZ©x‡Z Zviv
cwiPvj‡Ki msL¨v I g~jab e„w×mn e¨emvqwU
3 m¤úÖmvi‡Yi wm×vš— †bb| G j‡¶¨ Zviv RbM‡Yi
gv‡S †kqvi wewµ K‡i g~jab msMÖ‡ni D‡`¨vM
†bb| d‡j 2q ch©v‡qi e¨emvqwU cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
4 cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v †ewk
e‡j GLv‡b AwaK †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó nq|
ZvQvov cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †kqvi I
cò
FYcÎ Aev‡a n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z cv‡i | d‡j
A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab MV‡b AwaK f‚wgKv ivL‡Z
cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi
m`m¨ msL¨v Kg _vKvq, †ewk g~jab MV‡bi
my‡hvM _v‡K bv| AZGe, my‡hvM-myweav
†ePbvq 2q ch©v‡qi cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbwU
A_©bxwZ‡Z AwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
((( ÒivBU †Kvs wj.Ó AwZwi³ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb
nIqvq Zv msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ cyivZb †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i
AMÖvwaKvi †`Iqvi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
e¨emv‡q †jvKmv‡bi Kvi‡Y cÖwZôvbwUi 5
†KvwU UvKv †`bv n‡q hvq hv †Kv¤úvwbwU
cwi‡kv‡a A¶g| G Ae¯’v wbim‡b Zviv Dc‡iv³
wm×vš— MÖnY K‡i| [w`. †ev. 17]
A K. b~¨bZg Puv`v Kx? 1
A L. †kqvi I FYc‡Îi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx? e¨vL¨v
K‡iv| 2
A M. DÏxc‡Ki †Kv¤úvwbwU †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi
Bmy¨ Ki‡Z Pvq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
A N. AwZwi³ †`bvi `v‡q †Kv¤úvwbwU
cwiPvjbv m¤¢e bv n‡j †mwU †Kvb ai‡bi
Aemv‡b co‡e? we‡klY K‡iv| 4
2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi cwi‡gj
wbqgvewj‡Z †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi cÖv_wgK LiP
wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ †h wbw`©ó cwigvY A_©
 80 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
msMÖ‡ni cÖwZkÖ“wZ D‡jL _v‡K Zv‡K b~¨bZg cwi‡kv‡aI †Kv¤úvwbwU A¶g| myZivs, GLb
Puv`v e‡j|
( wb‡P †kqvi I FYc‡Îi †gŠwjK cv_©K¨mg~n D‡jL Kiv eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e Aemvb NUv‡Z cv‡i |
n‡jvÑ
†kqvi FYcÎ
1. †kqvi †Kv¤úvwbi 1.FYcÎ †Kv¤úvwbi FY
g~ja‡bi Ask| MÖn‡Yi `wjj|
2. g~jab msMÖn †kqvi 2. FY msMÖn FYcÎ
weµ‡qi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨| weµ‡qi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨|
3. †kqvi MÖnxZvMY 3.FYcÎ MÖnxZvMY
†Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK| †Kv¤úvwbi cvIbv`vi|
4.†kqvi weµqjä A_© 4.FYcÎ weµqjä A_©
†Kv¤úvwbi wbR¯^ †Kv¤úvwbi FYK…Z
g~jab| g~jab|
5.†kqvigvwjKMY 5.FYc‡Îi gvwjKMY
e¨emvq n‡Z jf¨vsk †c‡q e¨emvq n‡Z my` †c‡q
_v‡Kb| _v‡Kb|
( DÏxc‡Ki †Kv¤úvwbwU ivBU †kqvi Bmy¨ Ki‡Z
Pvq|
†Kv¤úvwb AwaKZi g~jab msMÖ‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ bZzb
†kqvi wewµi wm×vš— MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| G mgq
Zviv cyivZb †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb
K‡i| G ai‡bi †kqvi ivBU †kqvi bv‡g cwiwPZ|
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
DÏxc‡Ki ÔivBU †Kvs wj.Õ AwZwi³ g~ja‡bi
cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq Zv msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ cyivZb
†kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i AMÖvwaKvi †`Iqvi wm×vš—
cò
MÖnY K‡i‡Q| †Kv¤úvwb‡Z AwaK g~ja‡bi
cÖ‡qvRb n‡jB G ai‡bi †kqvi Bmy¨i wm×vš—
†bIqv nq| ZvQvov fv‡jv Ae¯’vq _vK‡j †kqvi
evRv‡i Zvi †kqv‡ii `vgI †ewk _v‡K| †m Ae¯’vq
bZzb Bmy¨K…Z †kqv‡i cyivZb †kqvi gvwjKMY
Zv‡`i ¯^v_© `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Giƒc `vwe c~i‡Yi
Rb¨B Kvh©Z G ai‡bi †kqvi eÈb c×wZ AbymiY
Kiv nq| myZivs ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki †Kv¤úvwbwU
ivBU †kqvi Bmy¨ Ki‡Z Pvq|
( AwZwi³ †`bvi `v‡q †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbv m¤¢e
bv n‡j Av`vjZ KZ©„K eva¨Zvg~jK Aemvb
NUv‡Z cv‡i|
†kqvi gvwjK, cvIbv`vi ev †Kv¤úvwbi wbe܇Ki
Av‡e`‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv hyw³m½Z
Kvi‡Y Av`vjZ †Kv¤úvwb we‡jvcmva‡bi wb‡`©k
w`‡Z cv‡i| Giƒc †¶‡Î wb‡`©kcÖvß †Kv¤úvwbi
Av`vjZ KZ©„K eva¨Zvg~jK Aemvb n‡q _v‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki ÔivBU †Kvs wj.Õ e¨emv‡qi †jvKmv‡bi
Kvi‡Y cÖwZôvbwUi 5 †KvwU UvKv †`bv n‡q
hvq hv †Kv¤úvwbwU cwi‡kv‡a A¶g| G Ae¯’v
wbim‡b †Kv¤úvwbwU ivBU †kqvi Bmy¨i wm×vš
— MÖnY K‡i| †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi 242 avivi
weavb Abyhvqx, cuvP nvRvi UvKv ev Gi †ewk
cwigvY †Kv‡bv FY cwi‡kv‡a A¶g n‡j H
†Kv¤úvwbi Av`vj‡Zi wb‡`©kvbyhvqx
eva¨Zvg~jK we‡jvcmvab nq| DÏxc‡Ki
†Kv¤úwbwUi †`bv n‡q‡Q 5 †KvwU UvKv Ges Zv
Av`vj‡Zi wb‡`©‡k †Kv¤úvwbwU
((( iZb Zvi cuvP eÜy‡K wb‡q Uv½vB‡j ÔwewW
dvwb©PviÕ bv‡g GKwU KviLvbv M‡o †Zv‡jb|
Zv‡`i cÖv_wgK g~jab 10 †KvwU UvKv| mevi
cÖ‡Póvq cÖwZôvbwU `ª“Z mdjZvi gyL †`‡L|
cieZx©‡Z Zviv cÖwZôvbwU m¤úÖmvi‡Yi
wm×vš— †bb| GRb¨ Zviv e¨vsK F‡Yi cwie‡Z©
RbM‡Yi gv‡S †kqvi wewµ K‡i g~jab msMÖn
Ki‡Z Pvb| [Kz. †ev. 17]
A K. evwYR¨ Kx? 1
A L. weeiYcÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
A M. DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU
†Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
A N. Zzwg wK g‡b K‡iv cÖwZôvbwU †kqvi
wewµi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
gZvgZ `vI| 4
3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( Drcvw`Z cY¨mvgMÖx †fv³v wKsev e¨enviKvixi
Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡bvi Rb¨ m¤úvw`Z hveZxq (µq,
weµq, cwienb) KvR‡K evwYR¨ e‡j|
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb g~jab msMÖ‡ni
D‡Ï‡k¨ †kqvi weµ‡qi Rb¨ †h weÁwß cÖPvi K‡i
Zv‡K weeiYcÎ e‡j|
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡K Kvh©vi‡¤¢i
AbygwZcÎ msMÖnKv‡jB weeiYcÎ wbe܇Ki
wbKU Rgv w`‡Z nq| weeiYc‡Î †Kv¤úvwbi
cÖ‡qvRbxq me Z‡_¨i D‡jL Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq, d‡j
†Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi µ‡q RbmvaviY DØy× nq|
( DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU GKwU
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb msMVb|
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v
me©wbæ 2 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P 50 Rb| GwU MV‡b
AvB‡bi AvbyôvwbKZv Kg cvjb Ki‡Z nq| Kgc‡¶
`yÕRb cwiPvjK wb‡qB G †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbv Kiv
hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki iZb Zvi cuvP eÜy‡K wb‡q Uv½vB‡j
ÔwewW dvwb©PviÕ bv‡g GKwU KviLvbv M‡o
†Zv‡jb| Zv‡`i cÖ‡Póvq cÖwZôvbwU `ª“Z mdjZv
jvf K‡i| cÖwZôvbwU‡Z m`m¨ msL¨v wQj †gvU 6
Rb| ZvB D³ cÖwZôvbwU‡K m`m¨ msL¨v wePv‡i
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW ejv hvq|
( DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb nIqvq †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g g~jab
msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb AvBbvbyhvqx
RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †kqvi I FYcÎ weµ‡qi AvnŸvb
Rvbv‡Z cv‡i bv| Gi †kqvi Aev‡a n¯—vš—i‡hvM¨
bq|
eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
DÏxc‡Ki iZb I Zvi cuvP eÜy wg‡j cÖvB‡fU
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb M‡o †Zv‡jb| cÖwZôvbwU
`ª“Z mdjZv AR©b Kivq Zviv GwU m¤úÖmvi‡Yi
wm×vš— †bb| GRb¨ Zviv e¨vsK F‡Yi cwie‡Z©
RbM‡Yi gv‡S †kqvi wewµ K‡i g~jab msMÖn
Ki‡Z Pvb|
DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb nIqvq Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q †kqvi µ‡qi
AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z cvi‡e bv| †kqvi weµq Ki‡Z n‡j
Gi m`m¨ msL¨v evwo‡q Kgc‡¶ 7 Rb Ki‡Z n‡e|
hv‡Z GwU cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z
cwiYZ nq| Gici Zviv †Kv¤úvwbi AvBbvbyhvqx
Aev‡a †kqvi I FYcÎ Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU weµq K‡i
g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡e| myZivs, wewW
dvwb©Pvi cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z
cwiYZ nIqvi AvM ch©š— †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g
g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
((( wg. mvËvi GKRb ¶z`ª wewb‡qvMKvix| wZwb
wewfbœ †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi µq-weµq K‡i gybvdv
AR©b K‡ib| wZwb wZ¯—v e¨vsK wjwg‡U‡Wi
wKQy †kqvi µq Ki‡jb| †kqvi µ‡qi gva¨‡g wZwb
e¨vsKwUi wm×vš— MÖn‡Y †fvUvwaKvi
cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¶gZv jvf K‡ib| me my‡hvM-myweav
wVK _vK‡jI wZwb jf¨vsk cÖvw߇Z AwbðqZvq
†fv‡Mb| [P. †ev. 17]
A K. mgevq mwgwZ Kx?
A L. FYcÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A M. wg. mvËvi †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi µq K‡i‡Qb?
e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU wg. mvËv‡ii
†hme myweav wbwðZ Ki‡e Zv we‡klY
K‡iv|
4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( cvi¯úwiK A_©‰bwZK Kj¨v‡Yi j‡¶¨ mgvb
†kÖwYfz³ e¨w³eM© wgwjZ n‡q †h msMVb M‡o
†Zv‡j Zv‡K mgevq mwgwZ e‡j|
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †h `wj‡ji gva¨‡g
Rbmvavi‡Yi KvQ †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K
FYcÎ e‡j|
†Kv¤úvwbi AwZwi³ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j FYcÎ
wewµi gva¨‡g Zv msMÖn K‡i| GwU cÖwZôv‡bi
g~jab e„wׇZ mvnvh¨ K‡i| GRb¨ wbw`©ó nv‡i
my`I w`‡Z nq| FYc‡Î G F‡Yi cwigvY, my‡`i nvi,
F‡Yi †gqv` BZ¨vw` welq ¯úófv‡e D‡jL _v‡K|
( DÏxc‡Ki wg. mvËvi mvaviY †kqvi µq K‡i‡Qb|
AvBbvbyhvqx mvaviY †kqv‡ii gvwjKMY
AwaKvi, `vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡e¨i wewfbœ w`K wePv‡i
AwaK myweav I gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| Z‡e Zviv jf¨vsk
81
eȇb I †Kv¤úvwb Aemv‡bi mgq g~jab †di‡Z
AMÖvwaKvi cvb bv|
DÏxc‡Ki wg. mvËvi wZ¯—v e¨vsK wjwg‡U‡Wi
wKQy †kqvi µq Ki‡jb| †kqvi µ‡qi gva¨‡g wZwb
e¨vsKwUi wm×vš— MÖn‡Y †fvUvwaKvi
cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¶gZv jvf K‡ib| me my‡hvM-myweav
wVK _vK‡jI wZwb jf¨vsk cÖvw߇Z AwbðqZvq
†fv‡Mb| Gme ˆewkó¨ mvaviY †kqv‡ii mv‡_ wgj
i‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, wg. mvËvi mvaviY †kqvi µq
K‡i‡Qb|
( DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU wg. mvËvi‡K
mvaviY †kqv‡ii me myweav wbwðZ Ki‡e|
e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi cÖK…Z gvwjK n‡jb mvaviY
†kqvi‡nvìviMY | Giƒc †kqvi‡nvìviMY AwaKvi,
`vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡e¨i wewfbœ w`K wePv‡i AwaK
myweav I gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| G ai‡bi †kqvi gvwj‡Ki
`vq wewb‡qvMK…Z A‡_©i cwigvY Øviv
mxgve× _v‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki wg. mvËvi wZ¯—v e¨vs‡Ki †kqvi µ‡qi
gva¨‡g mvaviY †kqv‡ii gvwjK nb| d‡j wZwb
e¨vsKwUi wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î gZvgZ
cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM cvb| Avevi †fvUvwaKvi
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¶gZvI jvf K‡ib| G †fvUvwaKvi
cÖ‡qvM K‡i †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjK cl©`
wbe©vwPZ Kiv nq|
cò
GQvov hZ w`b †Kv¤úvwbi Aw¯—Z¡ _vK‡e †kqvi
1 n¯—vš—i bv Ki‡j, wg. mvËvi ZZ w`b H
†Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK _vK‡eb| †kqvi‡nvìvi wn‡m‡e
2
wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi hveZxq KvR wbqš¿‡Y f‚wgKv
ivL‡Z cvi‡eb| GQvov Zv‡K wewb‡qvMK…Z
3
g~ja‡bi †ewk `vq enb Ki‡Z n‡e bv| Gme myweav
D³ cÖwZôvb †_‡K wg. mvËvi wbwðZfv‡e †fvM
Ki‡eb|
4
((( Rbve Av‡iwdb, K I L bvgK `ywU cÖwZôv‡bi
gvwjKvbvi mv‡_ RwoZ| K cÖwZôvbwU †UªW
jvB‡mÝ Ges L cÖwZôvbwU wbeÜbcÎ wb‡q KvR
ïi“ K‡ib| `ywU cÖwZôvb e¨emvq m¤úÖmvi‡Yi
Rb¨ e¨vsK †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡iwQj| †gqv` †k‡l
F‡Yi UvKv cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ K cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î
e¨vsK Rbve Av‡iwdb‡K †bvwUk cÖ`vb K‡i| L-Gi
†¶‡Î gvwjK Av‡iwd‡bi cwie‡Z© cÖwZôvb‡K
†bvwUk †`q| `ywU cÖwZôvbB eZ©gv‡b m”Qj|
[wm. †ev. 17]
A K. wkí Kx? 1
A L. Ôe¨emvq †eKvi mgm¨v `~i K‡iÕ e¨vL¨v
K‡iv| 2
A M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z L cÖwZôvbwU
gvwjKvbvwfwËK †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq
msMVb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
A N. DÏxc‡K Rbve Av‡iwdb‡K K cÖwZôv‡bi
gvwjK wn‡m‡e FY`vq cwi‡kv‡ai †bvwUk
cÖ`v‡bi †hŠw³KZv we‡klY K‡iv| 4
 82 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( †h cÖwµqvq cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` I KuvPvgvj‡K
cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i gvby‡li e¨envi Dc‡hvMx c‡Y¨
cwiYZ Kiv nq Zv‡K wkí e‡j|
( gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ˆeafv‡e cwiPvwjZ
hveZxq A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvʇK e¨emvq e‡j|
e¨emvq gvby‡li Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
K‡i| e¨emvwqK KvR e„w× †c‡j †`‡k AwaK wkí
KviLvbv I evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb M‡o I‡V|
e¨emvq ¯^Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Ab¨Zg Drm| cvkvcvwk
Gme cÖwZôv‡b A‡b‡Ki Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v nq|
Gfv‡e e¨emvq †eKvi mgm¨v `~i K‡i|
( DÏxc‡K ewY©Z L cÖwZôvbwU gvwjKvbvi
wfwˇZ †Kv¤úvwb msMVb|
†Kv¤úvwb msMVb n‡jv †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi
Aax‡b MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ mxwgZ `vqwewkó
e¨emvq cÖwZôvb| wbeÜbcÎ cvIqvi ci G msMVb
e¨emvq Kvh©µg ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki Rbve Av‡iwdb K I L bvgK `ywU
cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKvbvi mv‡_ RwoZ| G `ywU
cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ L cÖwZôvbwU wbeÜbcÎ cvIqvi
ciciB KvR ïi“ K‡i †`q| GwU K…wÎg e¨w³mËvi
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
AwaKvix nIqvq wbR bv‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| Gi mËv
gvwjK †_‡K m¤ú~Y© c„_K| Gme ˆewkó¨
†Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi mv‡_ wgj i‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv
cò
hvq, L cÖwZôvbwU gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ
†Kv¤úvwb msMVb|
( DÏxc‡Ki K cÖwZôvbwU GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq
nIqvq Rbve Av‡iwdb‡K FY cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨
†bvwUk cÖ`vb hyw³m½Z n‡q‡Q|
GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq n‡jv GKK gvwjKvbvq
MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq| †h †KD †UªW
jvB‡mÝ msMÖn K‡i G e¨emvq MVb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
G e¨emvq gvwj‡Ki bv‡gB cwiPvwjZ nq| GRb¨
e¨emv‡qi `vq gvwjK‡KB enb Ki‡Z nq|
DÏxc‡Ki Rbve Av‡iwdb K bvgK cÖwZôv‡bi
gvwjKvbvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³| GwU e¨vsK †_‡K FY
MÖnY K‡i| †gqv` †k‡l e¨vsKwU Rbve
Av‡iwdb‡K FY cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ †bvwUk cÖ`vb
K‡i| A_©vr, cÖwZôvbwU GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq|
G e¨emv‡qi m`m¨‡`i `vq Amxg| GRb¨
wewb‡qvMK…Z g~jab w`‡q `vq cwi‡kva Kiv m¤
¢e bv n‡j, m`m¨‡`i e¨w³MZ m¤ú` w`‡q `vq
cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU
GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq nIqvq e¨vsK Rbve
Av‡iwdb‡K FY cwi†kv‡ai Rb¨ †bvwUk cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Q wZwb G FY cwi‡kv‡a eva¨ _vK‡eb|
myZivs ejv hvq, e¨vsK KZ…©K Rbve Av‡iwdb‡K
FY cwi‡kv‡ai †bvwUk cÖ`vb Kiv †hŠw³K n‡q‡Q|
((( gvkivwd I Zvi 6 eÜy wg‡j Ggb GKwU e¨emvq
msMVb MVb Kivi Rb¨ cwiKíbv K‡ib, hv‡Z
RbMY †_‡KI g~jab msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e nq| ZvB
Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq `wjjcÎmn KZ…©c‡¶i wbKU
Av‡e`b K‡ib| KZ…©c¶ mš‘ó n‡q Zv‡`i‡K GKwU
mb` Bmy¨ K‡ib| wKš‘ e¨emvq ïi“ Kivi Rb¨ AviI
`wjjcÎmn AvbyôvwbKZv m¤úbœ KiZ n‡e| [wm. †ev.
17]
A K. †hvM¨Zvm~PK †kqvi Kx? 1
A L. Zdwmj A ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
A M. gvkivwdi e¨emvq msMV‡bi
gvwjKvbvwfwËK aib e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
A N. DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ AvbyôvwbKZv m¤úbœ
Kivi Rb¨ gvkivwd‡`i KiYxq †j‡Lv| 4
6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( †h wba©vwiZ msL¨K mvaviY †kqvi µ‡qi gva¨‡g
†Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjK nIqvi †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv
hvq, Zv‡K cwiPvj‡Ki †hvM¨Zvm~PK †kqvi e‡j|
( †Kv¤úvwbi wewagvjv ev avivmg~‡ni eY©bvi
ZvwjKv‡K Zdwmj A e‡j|
wbw`©ó aviv ev wewagvjv Abyhvqx GKwU
†Kv¤úvwb MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq| Zdwmj A-†Z G
avivmg~‡ni c~Y©v½ e¨vL¨v I Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
G‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjbvmsµvš— hveZxq
wbqgvewj wjwce× _v‡K|
( gvkivwd‡`i e¨emvq msMVb gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ
†Kv¤úvwb msMVb|
†Kv¤úvwb msMVb n‡jv †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi
Aax‡b MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ mxwgZ I `vqwewkó
e¨emvq cÖwZôvb| G ai‡bi msMVb RbM‡Yi
wbKU †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z
cv‡i| wbeÜbcÎ I Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbywgZ cÎ MÖn‡Yi
gva¨‡g G msMVb Pvjy Kiv hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki gvkivwd I Zvi 6 eÜy wg‡j GKwU e¨emvq
msMVb MVb Kivi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| Zviv G
cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K g~jab
msMÖn Ki‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ Zviv wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn
K‡ib| Avevi Kvh©vi‡¤¢i Rb¨ AbywgZcÎI MÖnY
Ki‡eb| Gme Kg©KvÊ †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi mv‡_
RwoZ| ZvB ejv hvq, gvkivwd‡`i e¨emvqwU
gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ †Kv¤úvwb msMVb|
( DÏxc‡Ki msMVbwUi AvbyôvwbKZv m¤úbœ
Kivi Rb¨ gvkivwd‡`i Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ
msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
wbeÜbcÎ msMÖ‡ni ci cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb‡K KvR ïi“i Rb¨ AbygwZcÎ msMÖn
Ki‡Z nq| GRb¨ weeiYcÎ, †hvM¨Zvm~PK †kqvi µq
I b~¨bZg Pvu`v msMÖ‡ni †NvlYv cÎ wbe܇Ki
Awd‡m Rgv w`‡Z nq|
DÏxc‡Ki gvkivwd I Zvi 6 eÜy wg‡j GKwU
†Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| G j‡¶¨
Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq `wjjcÎmn KZ©„c‡¶i wbKU
Av‡e`b K‡ib| KZ©„c¶ mš‘ó n‡q Zv‡`i‡K GKwU
mb` (wbeÜbcÎ) Bmy¨ K‡ib| wKš‘ KZ©„c¶ e¨emvq
eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
ïi“ Kivi Rb¨ AviI `wjjcÎmn AvbyôvwbKZv m¤úbœ
Ki‡Z e‡jb|
DÏxc‡Ki gvkivwdiv cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z Pvb| ZvB Zv‡`i‡K wbeÜbcÎ
msMÖ‡ni cvkvcvwk Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbywgZcÎI
MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbywgZcÎ
msMª‡ni Rb¨ Zv‡`i‡K weeiYcÎ, †hvM¨Zvm~PK
†kqvi µq I b~¨bZg Pvu`v msMÖ‡ni †NvlYvcÎ
wbe܇Ki Awd‡m Rgv w`‡Z n‡e| Gme
AvbyôvwbKZv gvkivwd‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
((( Rbve RvwKi Zvi 10 (`k) eÜy‡K wb‡q XvKv
kn‡i Ôiwb G›UvicÖvBRÕ bvgK GKwU e¨emvq
cÖwZôvb MVb K‡ib| h_vh_ KZ…©c‡¶i wbKU
n‡Z AbygwZcÎ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Zviv e¨emvq
MVb cÖwµqv m¤úbœ K‡ib| Zv‡`i g~ja‡bi cwigvY
48 †KvwU UvKv| `¶Zv I mybv‡gi Kvi‡Y
cÖwZôvbwU 2015 mv‡j 17 †KvwU UvKv gybvdv
AR©b K‡i| m¤úÖwZ Zviv e¨emvq m¤úÖmvi‡Yi
wPš—v K‡ib, hvi Rb¨ AwZwi³ 23 †KvwU UvKv
g~jab cÖ‡qvRb, hv †kqvi wewµ A_ev e¨vsK FY
MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| [h. †ev. 17]
A K. ¯§viKwjwc Kx?
A L. BKz¨BwU †kqvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v
K‡iv|
A M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨emvq msMVbwU †Kvb
cÖK…wZi? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwUi †Kvb Drm n‡Z
g~jab msMÖn Kiv †kÖq e‡j Zzwg g‡b
K‡iv? hyw³mn gZvgZ `vI|
7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( †h g~j `wj‡j †Kv¤úvwbi †gŠwjK welqvewj (bvg,
wVKvbv, D‡Ïk¨, `vq, g~jab) ms‡¶‡c wjwce× _v‡K
Zv‡K ¯§viKwjwc ev cwi‡gjeÜ e‡j|
( †h †kqvi µ‡qi gva¨‡g †Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK ev
Askx`vi nIqv hvq Zv‡K BKz¨BwU †kqvi e‡j|
BKz¨BwU †kqvi mvaviY †kqvi wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G
†kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjbvi Ici c~Y©
wbqš¿Y _v‡K| †Kv¤úvwbi mg¯— SzuwK ZvivB
enb K‡i| AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i jf¨vsk cÖ`vb
Kivi ci Zviv †Kv¤úvwbi jf¨vsk cvq|
( DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨emvq msMVbwU n‡jv
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb|
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v
me©wbæ 7 Rb I m‡e©v”P †kqvi msL¨v Øviv
mxgve×| Gi †kqvi Aev‡a n¯—vš—i‡hvM¨| †kqvi I
FYcÎ µ‡qi Rb¨ G msMVb RbMY‡K Avgš¿Y
Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| d‡j Gi g~ja‡bi cwigvYI AwaK nq|
DÏxc‡Ki Rbve RvwKi Zvi 10 eÜy‡K wb‡q Ôiwb
G›UvicÖvBRÕ bv‡g GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb
MVb K‡ib| h_vh_ KZ©„c‡¶i KvQ n‡Z AbygwZcÎ
MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Zviv e¨emvq MVb cÖwµqv
m¤úbœ K‡ib| G‡¶‡Î Zviv Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ
wb‡q e¨emvq ïi“ K‡ib| ïay cvewjK wjwg‡UW
83
†Kv¤úvwbi †¶‡ÎB GwU MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| myZivs
ejv hvq, ˆewkó¨vbyhvqx D³ e¨emvq msMVbwU
GKwU cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb|
( DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwUi †kqvi weµ‡qi gva¨‡g
g~jab msMÖn Kiv †kÖq n‡e e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †kqvi weµ‡qi
gva¨‡g †Kv¤úvwbi g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i| Giƒc
msM„nxZ A_© e¨emvq we‡jv‡ci Av‡M †diZ
†`Iqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
DÏxc‡Ki Rbve RvwKi Zvi eÜy‡`i wb‡q cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úwb MVb K‡i‡Qb| `¶Zv I
mybv‡gi Kvi‡Y cÖwZôvbwU 2015 mv‡j 17
†KvwU UvKv gybvdv AR©b K‡i| m¤úÖwZ Zviv
e¨emvq m¤úÖmvi‡Yi wPš—v K‡ib| d‡j Zv‡`i
AwZwi³ 23 †KvwU UvKv g~jab cÖ‡qvRb, hv
†kqvi wewµ ev e¨vsK FY MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g msMÖn
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
G‡¶‡Î †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖn Ki‡j
e¨emvq Aemv‡bi Av‡M A_© †diZ †`Iqvi
cÖ‡qvRb n‡e bv| wKš‘ cÖwZôvbwU hw` e¨vsK
†_‡K FY †bq Zvn‡j Zv wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨
my`mn †diZ w`‡Z n‡e| GwU AwaK e¨qeûj I
1 Sv‡gjvc~Y©| ZvB e¨vsK FY bv wb‡q †kqvi
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
weµ‡qi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖn KivB †kÖq n‡e|
2
((( Rbve wmdvZ I Zvi 10 eÜy wg‡j GKwU e¨emvq
cò
3
cÖwZôvb MVb Kivi D‡`¨vM †bb| cÖ‡qvRbxq
KvMRcÎmn Zviv h_vh_ KZ…©c‡¶i wbKU
4 Av‡e`b K‡ib| KZ…©c¶ KvMRcÎ hvPvB K‡i mš‘ó
n‡q GKwU cÎ Bmy¨ K‡ib| cÎwU cvIqvi ci Zviv
e¨emvq Avi¤¢ K‡ib| e¨emvq m¤úÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨
Zviv RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×vš
— †bb| [h. †ev. 17]
A K. †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb Kv‡K e‡j? 1
A L. †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg e¨w³mËv ej‡Z Kx
†evSvq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
A M. DÏxc‡K KZ…©c¶ KZ…©K Bmy¨K…Z
cÎwUi aib e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
A N. g~jab msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ
wm×v‡š—i †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( †h †Kv¤úvwb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi me †kqvi
A_ev 50%-Gi †ewk †kqvi µq Kivi gva¨‡g
cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi jvf K‡i Zv‡K
†nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb e‡j|
( †h mËv ev Aw¯—Z¡ e‡j †Kv¤úvwb wbR bv‡g
MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg
e¨w³mËv e‡j|
†Kv¤úvwb‡K Zvi gvwjK ev †kqvi‡nvìvi †_‡K
m¤ú~Y© c„_K mËv wn‡m‡e †`Lv nq| GwU e¨w³
bv n‡qI wbR bv‡g Pzw³ m¤úv`b, †jb‡`b I
cÖ‡qvR‡b gvgjv-†gvKÏgv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨B
†Kv¤úvwb‡K K…wÎg e¨w³mËvi AwaKvix ejv nq|
 84 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
( DÏxc‡Ki KZ©„c¶ KZ©„K Bmy¨K…Z cÎwU n‡jv
wbeÜbcÎ|
D‡`¨v³vMY †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq
AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb K‡i wbe܇Ki wbKU n‡Z
wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn K‡ib| Giƒc `wjj‡K †Kv¤úvwbi
Rš§mb` ejv nq|
DÏxc‡Ki Rbve wmdvZ I Zvi 10 eÜy wg‡j GKwU
e¨emvq cÖwZôvb MVb Kivi D‡`¨vM †bb|
cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMRmn Zviv h_vh_ KZ©„c‡¶i
wbKU Av‡e`b K‡ib| KZ©„c¶ KvMRcÎ hvPvB K‡i
mš‘ó n‡q GKwU cÎ Bmy¨ K‡ib| cÎwU cvIqvi ci
Zviv e¨emvq Avi¤¢ K‡ib| cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb nIqvq G cÎ cvIqvi ciB
e¨emvq Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| ˆewkó¨vbyhvqx G
cÎwU wbeÜbc‡Îi AvIZvq c‡o| myZivs ejv hvq,
KZ©„c¶ wbeÜbcÎ Bmy¨ K‡iwQj|
( DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb nIqvq RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †kqvi wewµ K‡i
g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×vš— †bIqv A‡hŠw³K|
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Rbmvavi‡Yi
wbKU Aev‡a †kqvi I FYc‡Î µ‡qi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z
cv‡i bv| G‡¶‡Î D‡`¨v³viv wb‡RivB g~ja‡bi e¨e¯’v
K‡ib|
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ wmdvZ I Zvi eÜyiv wbeÜbcÎ
cvIqvi ciciB e¨emv‡qi KvR ïi“ K‡ib| Zv‡`i
cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb nIqvq
cò
KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb nqwb|
m¤úÖwZ e¨emvq m¤úÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ Zviv RbM‡Yi
KvQ †_‡K g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×vš— †bb| G‡¶‡Î
Zviv †kqvi ev FYcÎ weµq Ki‡Z Pvb|
cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb
nIqvq Zviv RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q Aev‡a †kqvi ev FYcÎ
weµ‡qi cÖ¯—ve w`‡Z cvi‡e bv| GRb¨ Zv‡`i
†Kv¤úvwb‡K cvewjK wjwg‡U‡W cwiYZ Ki‡Z
n‡e| KviY ïay cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbB
RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q Aev‡a †kqvi I FYcÎ weµq Ki‡Z
cv‡i| myZivs DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb nIqvi Kvi‡YB RbM‡Yi
KvQ †_‡K g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×vš— †bIqv
†Kv¤úvwb AvBbvbyhvqx A‡hŠw³K|
((( AvaywbK we‡k¦ †Kv‡bv †`kB wb‡R GKvB
e¨emvq KvR Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq| †Kv‡bv †`‡ki
Av‡Q `¶ Rbkw³ Avevi †Kv‡bv †`‡ki Av‡Q
AZ¨vaywbK cÖhyw³| GRb¨ eûRvwZK
†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv Z…Zxqc‡¶i gva¨‡g Rbkw³ I
AvBwmwU †mev fvov †bq| [e. †ev. 17]
A K. †kqvi Kx?
A L. b~¨bZg g~jab ej‡Z Kx †evS? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
A M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi mv¤úÖwZKKv‡ji
e¨emv‡qi eY©bv Av‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨emvq †eKvi mgm¨v
`~ixKi‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i Zzwg wK
GKgZ? gZvgZ `vI|
9 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( †Kv¤úvwbi †gvU g~jab‡K mgg~‡j¨i ¶z`ª ¶z`ª
As‡k fvM Kiv nq, hvi cÖ‡Z¨K GKK‡K †kqvi e‡j|
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi cwi‡gj
wbqgvewj‡Z †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi cÖv_wgK LiP
wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ †h wbw`©ó cwigvY A_©
msMÖ‡ni cÖwZkÖ“wZi D‡jL _v‡K Zv‡K b~¨bZg
g~jab e‡j|
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Kvh©vi‡¤¢i
AbygwZcÎ msMÖn I †kqvi wewji c~‡e© b~¨bZg
g~jab msMÖ‡ni KvR K‡i| G g~ja‡bi A_© w`‡q
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msMVb e¨w³ bv n‡qI wbR bv‡g Pzw³ m¤úv`b,
†jb‡`b I cÖ‡qvR‡b gvgjv-†gvKÏgv `v‡qi Ki‡Z
cv‡i| GQvov GwU wbR¯^ bv‡g MwVZ I
cwiPvwjZ nq Ges wbR¯^ mxj‡gvni e¨envi K‡i|
( Gwewm d¨vkb‡mi †kqvi µq K‡i Avb›` d¨vkbm
wbqš¿‡Yi wfwˇZ †h msMVb MVb K‡i Zv
GKwU †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb|
hw` †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi
50%-Gi AwaK †kqv‡ii gvwjK ev †fvU `v‡bi ¶gZv
AwaKvi K‡i A_ev cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e AwaKvsk
cwiPvjK wb‡qvM K‡i, Z‡e H †Kv¤úvwb‡K
wbqš¿YKvix ev †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb e‡j|
Gwewm d¨vkb GKwU wPiš—b Aw¯—Z¡wewkó
†Kv¤úvwb nIqv m‡Ë¡I `¶ e¨e¯’vcbv I ch©vß g~ja‡bi
Afv‡e cÖwZôv‡b wU‡K _vK‡Z cvi‡Q bv| ZvB
†`‡ki ¯^bvgab¨ †cvkvK ißvwbKviK cÖwZôvb Avb›`
87
d¨vkb wj. D³ †Kv¤úvwbi 50%-Gi AwaK †kqvi µq
K‡i Ges cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿‡Yi `vwqZ¡ †bq| myZivs,
Avb›` d¨vkb GKwU †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb|
( AwaKvsk †kqvi n¯—vš—‡ii gva¨‡g Gwewm
†Kv¤úvwb eZ©gv‡b GKwU mvewmwWqvwi
†Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvš—wiZ n‡q‡Q|
†Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi 50%-Gi †ewk †kqvi ev †fvU
`vb ¶gZv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b _vK‡j
Zv‡K mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| G ai‡bi
cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjK cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e
msL¨vMwiô †Kv¤úvwb wb‡qvM K‡i|
Gwewm d¨vkb wPiš—b Aw¯—Z¡wewkó GKwU
Mv‡g©›Um wkí| `¶ e¨e¯’vcbv I ch©vß g~ja‡bi
Afv‡e cÖwZôvbwU cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K
_vK‡Z cvi‡Q bv| ZvB Avb›` d¨vkb wj. bv‡gi
GKwU ¯^bvgab¨ cÖwZôv‡bi 50% AwaK †kqvi µq
K‡i| cÖwZôvbwUi cwiPvjbv Ges wbqš¿‡Yi `vwqZ¡
Avb›` d¨vkb wj.-Gi Kv‡Q P‡j hvq|
1 Gwewm d¨vkb‡mi 50%-Gi AwaK †kqvi Avb›`
d¨vkbm µq K‡i †bIqvq Gwewm d¨vkb‡mi
2 bxwZwba©viY ¶gZvI Avb›` d¨vkb‡mi Kv‡Q P‡j
†M‡Q| ZvB Gwewm d¨vkbm mvsMVwbKfv‡e
mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q|
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
3 ((( Rbve ivqnvb Zvi AviI 6 eÜy‡K wb‡q ÔeÜbÕ
bv‡gi K…wÎg e¨w³mËvwewkó cÖwZôvb M‡o
cò
†Zv‡jb| cÖwZôvj‡Mœ cÖwZôvbwU ¯§viKwjwc
ˆZwi Ki‡jI †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡b ewY©Z Zdwmj-1-
†K cwi‡gj wbqgvewj wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i|
m¤úÖwZ cÖwZôvbwU GKwU bZzb cÖK‡í
A_©vq‡bi Rb¨ †kqvi Qvovi K_v wPš—v Ki‡Qb
hv‡Z gvwjKvbv¯^Z¡ A¶zYœ _v‡K| [Kz. †ev. 16]
A K. †kqvi Kx? 1
A L. FYcÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
A M. DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ †Kv¤úvwbwUi aib
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
A N. cÖwZôvbwUi KiYxq we‡klY K‡iv| 4
14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi Aby‡gvw`Z †gvU †kqvi
g~ja‡bi mgvb I ¶z`ª As‡ki GKK‡KB †kqvi e‡j|
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †h `wj‡ji gva¨‡g
Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K
FYcÎ e‡j|
†Kv¤úvwbi AwZwi³ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j FYcÎ
wewµi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖn K‡i| GwU g~jab
e„wׇZ mvnvh¨ K‡i| GRb¨ wbw`©ó nv‡i my`I
w`‡Z nq| FYc‡Î G F‡Yi cwigvY, my‡`i nvi, F‡Yi
†gqv` cÖf…wZ ¯úófv‡e D‡jL _v‡K|
( DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ †Kv¤úvwbwU GKwU cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb|
†h †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v me©wbæ 7 Rb I
m‡e©v”P †kqvi Øviv mxgve× Ges RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q
 88 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
†kqvi wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb e‡j| e„nr AvKv‡ii g~jab msMÖ‡ni Rb¨
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MVb Kiv nq|
Rbve ivqnvb Zvi AviI 6 eÜy‡K wb‡q ÔeÜbÕ
bv‡gi K…wÎg e¨w³mËvwewkó cÖwZôvb M‡o
†Zv‡jb| Zviv †gvU mvZRb A_©vr cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi me©wbæ m`m¨
msL¨vi †h kZ© Zv c~iY n‡q‡Q| cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z bvg wVK K‡i
¯§viKwjwc I cwi‡gj wbqgvewjmn wbeÜK eivei
Av‡e`b Ki‡Z nq| Rbve ivqnvb I Zvi 6 eÜy
†Kv¤úvwbi bvg ÔeÜbÕ wVK K‡i Ges wbeÜK
mš‘ó n‡q AvBbMZ ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q| A_©vr
†Kv¤úvwbwU K…wÎg e¨w³mËv jvf K‡i‡Q| GwU
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
( DÏxc‡Ki ÔeÜbÕ bv‡gi cÖwZôvbwUi D™¢‚Z
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z KiYxq n‡jv ivBU †kqvi Bmy¨ Kiv|
†Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb AwZwi³ g~jab msMÖ‡ni
D‡Ï‡k¨ bZzb †kqvi evRv‡i Qvovi mgq cyivZb
†kqvi gvwjK‡`i AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q †h bZzb †kqvi
Bmy¨ K‡i Zv‡K ivBU †kqvi ev AwaKvi‡hvM¨
†kqvi e‡j| †kqv‡ii `vg †ewk n‡j bZzb Bmy¨K…Z
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
†kqv‡i cyivZb gvwjKMY Zv‡`i ¯^v_© `vwe Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
DÏxc‡K 7 Rb m`m¨ ÔeÜbÕ bv‡g GKwU
cò
cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| cÖwZôvbwU cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| cÖwZôvbwU bZzb cÖK‡í
A_©vq‡bi Rb¨ †kqvi Qvovi wPš—v Ki‡Q| wKš‘
†kqvi wewµi †¶‡Î gvwjKvbv¯^Z¡ A¶zYœ ivLvi
wPš—v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖwZôvbwU bZzb cÖK‡í A_©vq‡bi Rb¨ †kqvi
Qvovi †¶‡Î cyivZb †kqvi gvwjK‡`i AMÖvwaKvi
cÖ`v‡bi wPš—v Ki‡Q| G cyivZb †kqvi‡nvìv‡ii
g‡a¨ bZzb †kqvi Bmy¨ Ki‡j bZzb
gvwjKvbv¯^Z¡ m„wó n‡e bv| Avevi g~jabI
msM„nxZ n‡e| D³ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z G ai‡bi †kqvi
Sv‡gjvgy³ nIqvq cÖwZôvbwU AwaKvi‡hvM¨
†kqvi Bmy¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
((( Rbve nvwdR 40 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q GKwU
†Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi †Póv K‡i hv‡”Qb| D³
†Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi Rb¨ GKwU gyL¨ `wjj ˆZwi Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Av‡iKwU `wj‡ji cwie‡Z©
†Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi Zdwmj-1-†K Zviv †Kv¤úvwbi
Rb¨ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zviv wbeÜb †c‡jI
KvRKg© ïi“ Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv|
[wm. †ev. 16]
A K. ¯§viKwjwc Kx? 1
A L. Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi 50 aviv Abyhvqx Kvh©vi‡¤¢i
A M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb `wjjwU c„_Kfv‡e cÖ‡qvRb
c‡owb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 wbe܇Ki Awd‡m Rgv w`‡Z n‡e| wbeÜK cix¶v-
A N. Rbve nvwd‡Ri cÖwZôvbwU wK Av‡`Š
evwYwR¨K KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cvi‡e? Dˇii
mc‡¶ hyw³ †`LvI| 4
15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( †h g~j `wj‡j †Kv¤úvwbi †gŠwjK welqvewj (bvg,
wVKvbv, D‡Ïk¨, `vq, g~jab, m¤§wZ) ms‡¶‡c
wjwce× _v‡K Zv‡K ¯§viKwjwc ev cwi‡gjeÜ e‡j|
( †Kv¤úvwbi wbeÜK cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb‡K Gi ¯^vfvweK e¨emvq KvR Avi¤¢
Kivi AbygwZ w`‡q †h mb` cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K
Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ ev QvocÎ e‡j|
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb wbeÜb cvIqvi ciciB
Zvi Kvh© Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G †Kv¤úvwb‡K
KvR ïi“ Kivi Rb¨ AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| wKš‘
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb wbeÜbcÎ cvIqvi
mv‡_ mv‡_B KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr
Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZc‡Îi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv|
( DÏxc‡K cwi‡gj wbqgvewj `wjjwU Avjv`vfv‡e
cÖ‡qvRb c‡owb|
†Kv¤úvwbi Af¨š—ixY cwiPvjbv I hveZxq
welqvw` I wbqgvewj †h `wj‡j Aš—fz©³ _v‡K
Zv‡K msNe× ev cwi‡gj wbqgvewj e‡j| 1994 mv‡ji
†Kv¤úvwb AvBb Abyhvqx GwU †Kv¤úvwbi
wØZxq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© `wjj|
Rbve nvwdR 40 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q GKwU †Kv¤úvwb
MV‡bi †Póv K‡i hv‡”Qb| D³ †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi
Rb¨ gyL¨ `wjj A_©vr ¯§viKwjwc ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb|
wKš‘ †Kv¤úvwbi Av‡iKwU `wj‡ji cwie‡Z©
†Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi Zdwmj-1 MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
†Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi Zdwmj-1-G †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨š
—ixY Kvh©vewji c~Y© weeiY †`Iqv _v‡K| d‡j
Zdwmj-1 e¨envi Ki‡j cwi‡gj wbqgvewji cÖ‡qvRb
c‡o bv| ZvB Rbve nvwd‡Ri †Kv¤úvwb‡Z cwi‡gj
wbqgvewj `wjjwU Avjv`vfv‡e ˆZwii cÖ‡qvRb
c‡owb|
( Rbve nvwd‡Ri cÖwZôvbwU Kvh©vi‡¤¢i
AbygwZc‡Îi gva¨‡g evwYwR¨K Kvh©µg Avi¤¢
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
†Kv¤úvwbi wbeÜK cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb‡K Gi ¯^vfvweK e¨emvq KvR ïi“ Kivi
Rb¨ AbygwZ w`‡q †h mb` cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K
Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ e‡j| cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb wbeÜb cvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ KvR ïi“
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡K Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZ c‡Îi Rb¨
A‡c¶v Ki‡Z nq|
Rbve nvwdR 40 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q †Kv¤úvwb MVb
K‡i‡Qb| †Kv¤úvwbwU GKwU cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb| hvi d‡j Zviv wbeÜb †c‡jI Kvh©vi‡¤¢i
AbygwZcÎ bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y evwYwR¨K KvR ïi“
Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
AbygwZcÎ jv‡fi Rb¨ Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMRcÎ
eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
wbix¶v K‡i †`‡L mš‘ó n‡j Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ
cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| Avi Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ †c‡jB
Rbve nvwd‡Ri cÖwZôvbwU evwYwR¨K KvR ïi“
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
((( Avi wm wj. GKwU ¯^bvgab¨ †Kv¤úvwb| Rq I
weRq H †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìvi| R‡qi Kv‡Q
2,00,000 UvKvi †kqvi Av‡Q| wZwb wbw`©ó nv‡i
†Kv¤úvwb n‡Z jf¨vsk cvb| Ab¨w`‡K weR‡qi
wbKU 1,00,000 UvKvi †kqvi Av‡Q| wZwb R‡qi
c‡i jf¨vsk cvb Ges jf¨vs‡ki nvi cÖwZeQi mgvb
_v‡K bv| eZ©gv‡b cÖwZôvbwU e¨emvq
m¤úÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU mfv AvnŸvb K‡i|
[e. †ev. 16]
A K. ¯§viKwjwc Kx?
A L. weeiYcÎ †Kb ˆZwi Kiv nq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
A M. Avi wm wj.-G Rq †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi‡nvìvi?
e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A N. Avi wm wj.-G wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î Rq
I weR‡qi g‡a¨ Kvi AMÖvwaKvi †ewk?
gZvgZ `vI|
16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi A
( †h g~j `wj‡j †Kv¤úvwbi †gŠwjK welqvewj (bvg,
wVKvbv, D‡Ïk¨, `vq, g~jab, m¤§wZ) ms‡¶‡c
wjwce× _v‡K Zv‡K ¯§viKwjwc ev cwi‡gjeÜ e‡j|
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †kqvi I FYcÎ
weµ‡qi Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwbi cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb
K‡i †h weÁwß ev cÖPvicÎ cwÎKvq cÖKvk K‡i
Zv‡K weeiYcÎ e‡j|
†kqvi I FYcÎ µ‡q RbMY‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨
weeiYcÎ ˆZwi Kiv nq| g~jZ g~jab MV‡bi Rb¨B
weeiYcÎ ˆZwi I cÖKvk Kiv nq|
( Avi wm wj.-G Rq GKRb AMÖvwaKvi
†kqvi‡nvìvi|
†h †kqv‡ii gvwjKMY jvf I g~jab †di‡Zi †¶‡Î
AMÖvwaKvi ev mevi Av‡M my‡hvM cvb †mB
†kqvi‡K AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi e‡j|
Rq Avi wm wj. †Kv¤úvwbi 2,00,000 UvKvi †kqvi
µq K‡ib| wZwb wbw`©ó nv‡i †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K
jf¨vsk cvb| R‡qi jf¨vs‡ki nvi cÖwZeQi mgvb _v‡K|
A_©vr Rq †h wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb Zvi d‡j
†Kv¤úvwbwU cÖwZeQi wbw`©ó nv‡i gybvdv
cÖ`vb K‡i| AMÖvwaKvi †kqv‡ii ˆewk‡ó¨i mv‡_
Gi wgj Av‡Q| myZivs Rq GKRb AMÖvwaKvi
†kqvi‡nvìvi whwb jf¨vsk cÖvwß Ges g~jab †di‡Z
AMÖvwaKvi cvb|
( Avi wm wj.-G wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î Rq I
weR‡qi g‡a¨ weR‡qi AMÖvwaKvi †ewk|
AMÖvwaKvi †kqvigvwjK‡`i jf¨vsk cÖ`v‡bi ci
hv‡`i jf¨vsk cÖ`vb Kiv nq ZvivB mvaviY
†kqvi‡nvìvi| mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìviivB †Kv¤úvwb
cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †fv‡Ui
AwaKvi †c‡q _v‡K|
89
Rq GKRb AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi‡nvìvi Ges weRq
GKRb mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìvi| Rq cÖwZeQi wbw`©ó
nv‡i jf¨vsk cv‡eb wKš‘ weR‡qi jf¨vs‡ki nvi
wbw`©ó bq| GKRb AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi‡nvìvi
wn‡m‡e Rq Av‡M gybvdv †fv‡M myweav †c‡jI
Zvi †fvUvwaKvi †bB| A_©vr †Kv¤úvwbi mfvq
wZwb AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
GKRb mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìvi wn‡m‡e weRq
†Kv¤úvwbi evwl©K mvaviY mfvq AskMÖnY
K‡ib| wZwb †mLv‡b †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g cwiPvjK
wbe©vPb K‡ib Ges †Kv¤úvwbi ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
wm×v‡š— f‚wgKv iv‡Lb| myZivs †kqv‡ii aib
we‡ePbvq AvBbMZfv‡e Rq Ges weR‡qi g‡a¨
wm×vš— MÖn‡Y weR‡qi AMÖvwaKvi †ewk|
1
((( wg. Kvjvg I Zvi DwbkRb eÜy wg‡j bxjvPj
†U·UvBj bv‡g GKwU cÖwZôvb cÖwZôv K‡ib|
3 cÖwZôvbwU †fv³vi i“wP I cÖZ¨vkv Abymv‡i
gvbm¤§Z cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i Avm‡Q| Zv‡`i `¶-
e¨e¯’vcbvq cÖwZôvbwU jvfRbK nIqvq 2017 mv‡j
4 30% bM` jf¨vsk I 20% ÷K jf¨vsk †NvlYv K‡i|
AvMvgx eQi Zviv KviLvbv m¤úÖmvi‡Yi wPš—
vfvebv Ki‡Q| ZvB g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖwZôvbwUi cwiPvjbv cl©` e¨emv m¤úÖmviY
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
K‡iI Zv‡`i †fv‡Ui kZKiv nvi nviv‡Z Pvq bv|
[ivRDK DËiv g‡Wj K‡jR, XvKv]
A K. AvDU‡mvwm©s Kx? 1
cò
A L. wbR¯^ wmj‡gvni †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq?
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
A M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z ÒbxjvPj †U·UvBjÓ †Kvb
ai‡bi msMVb? eY©bv K‡iv| 3
A N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU e¨emvq
m¤úÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv AcÖvwZôvwbK
`xN©‡gqv`x Drm †_‡K A_© msMÖn Kiv
hyw³hy³ e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv| †Zvgvi Dˇii
c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( Pzw³i gva¨‡g wbR cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡i Ab¨
KvD‡K w`‡q KvR Kiv‡bv‡K AvDU‡mvwm©s
e‡j| A
( †Kv¤úvwbi cÖwZwbwai ˆeaZv †Kv¤úvwbi
mvaviY wmj‡gvni Øviv wbe©vwPZ nq weavq
†Kv¤úvwb wbR¯^ wmj‡gvni e¨envi K‡i| A
†Kv¤úvwb K…wÎg e¨w³ nIqvi Kvi‡Y me Kv‡RB
Zv‡K cÖwZwbwai Ici wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| D³
cÖwZwbwai ˆeaZv †Kv¤úvwbi mvaviY wmj‡gvni
Øviv wbe©vwPZ n‡q _v‡K| †Kv¤úvwbi me
KvMRcÎ Giƒc wm‡ji e¨envi Avek¨K| †Kv¤úvwbi
wbR¯^ wmj Qvov Giƒc KvMRcÎ AvBbMZfv‡e
ˆea nq bv| ZvB †Kv¤úvwbi me KvMRcÎ
†Kv¤úvwbi wbR¯^ wmj‡gvni e¨envi Kiv
eva¨Zvg~jK|
( DÏxc‡K ewY©Z ÒbxjvPj †U·UvBjÓ cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi Aš—M©Z| A
 90 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v
m¤ú‡K© 7 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P †kqvi msL¨v Øviv
mxgve× nq| G †Kv¤úvwbi g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j
evRv‡i †kqvi weµq K‡i g~jab msMÖn K‡i| G‡¶‡Î
†Kv¤úvwbi mc‡¶ 3 Rb cwiPvjK _vK‡Z nq|
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hw` †m cÖ‡qvRbxq †fvU cvq| [XvKv K‡jR]
K. †evbvm †kqvi Kx? 1
L. †Kvb GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi K…wÎg e¨w³mËv
KLb m„wó nq? 2
M. wg. cÖ`xc †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi µq
K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. wg. cÖ`xc †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi µq K‡i? G ai‡bi
†kqvi µ‡qi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i jf¨vsk wn‡m‡e bM` A_© bv
w`‡q †h †kqvi Bmy¨ K‡i, Zv‡K †evbvm †kqvi e‡j|
A
( AvB‡bi Aax‡b †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb wbewÜZ n‡jB
cÖwZôv‡bi K…wÎg e¨w³mË¡v m„wó nq| A
GwU cÖwZôvb‡K e¨w³i b¨vq AwaKvi w`‡q _v‡K|
hvi d‡j cÖwZôvb wbR bv‡g MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq|
GQvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Z…Zxq c‡¶i wei“‡× AvBbMZ
e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cv‡i| ZvB cÖwZôv‡bi K…wÎg
e¨w³mËv m„wói Rb¨ cÖwZôvb‡K AvB‡bi Aax‡b
wbeÜb Ki‡Z n‡e|
( wg. cÖ`xc cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi µq K‡i|
A
†Kv¤úvwb msMVb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ïay cvewjK wj.
†Kv¤úvwb †kqvi Bmy¨ I weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î
cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb †kqvievRv‡i ZvwjKvfz³
n‡q †kqvi Bmy¨ K‡i| †Kv¤úvwb Zvi cÖv_wgK I
eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
AwZwi³ g~jab msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ †kqvi weµq K‡i
_v‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki wg. cÖ`xc GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`K
e¨e¯’vcK| †m gv‡S gv‡S cÖv_wgK †kqvi µ‡qi Rb¨
Av‡e`b K‡i Avevi †kqviI µq K‡i| wg. cÖ`xc
†Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi µq Kivq wZwb †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K
mvaviY mfvq AskMÖn‡Yi WvK cvq| ZvQvov
†kqvi‡nvìvi wn‡m‡e Zvi †fvUvwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi wm×vš— MÖn‡Y gZvgZI
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib, hv mvaviY †kqvi gvwjKiv †c‡q
_v‡Kb| Avi mvaviY †kqvi cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb
Bmy¨ K‡i _v‡K| ZvB ejv hvq wg. cÖ`xc †h †kqvi
µq K‡i‡Q Zv cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi|
( wg. cÖ`xc mvaviY †kqvi µq K‡ib| A
mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìviiv †Kv¤úvwbi `vwqZ¡, KZ©e¨
I AwaKvi A‡bK †ewk †fvM K‡i _v‡Kb| GB
†kqvi‡nvìviMY †Kv¤úvwbi `v‡q †kqvi Abycv‡Z
`vqx _v‡Kb| †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjK wbe©vP‡b
†fvUvwaKvi †c‡q _v‡Kb|
DÏxc‡Ki wg. cÖ`xc GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`K
e¨e¯’vcK| †m †Kv¤úvwb †kqvi µ‡qi Av‡e`b K‡i
†kqvi µq K‡ib| †kqvi µq Kivq †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K
evwl©K mvaviY mfvq AskMÖn‡Yi WvK cvq| †m
GB cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjKI n‡Z cv‡i hw`
cÖ‡qvRbxq †fvU cvq, hv mvaviY †kqvigvwjKiv
†c‡q _v‡Kb|
wg. cÖ`xc mvaviY †kqvi µq Kivq †Kv¤úvwbi
evwl©K mfvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †Kv¤úvwbi
wm×vš— wb‡Z gZvgZ e¨³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †m
cÖwZôv‡b †fvUvwaKvi †c‡q _v‡Kb| Zvi B‡”Q †m
GB cÖwZôv‡bi eo cwiPvjK n‡eb, hv mvaviY †kqvi
µ‡qi gva¨‡g m¤¢e n‡e| †Kbbv mvaviY
†kqvigvwjKMY PvB‡j cwiPvjK wbe©vP‡b Ask
wb‡Z cv‡ib| Ab¨vb¨ †kqvigvwjKMY cÖv_©x‡`i
†fvU w`‡q wbe©vPb Ki‡eb| ZvB ejv hvq wg.
cÖ`x‡ci mvaviY †kqvi µq †hŠw³K|
((( g‡bv‡ivfv †Kv¤úvwb‡Z cÖ_g w`‡K †Zgb
gybvdv bv n‡jI GLb gybvdv nvi †e‡o‡Q|
cÖwZôvbwU 2014 mv‡j 20 †KvwU UvKv gybvdv
K‡i| †Kv¤úvwbi mvaviY mfvq 10% K¨vk
wWwf‡WÛ I 10% ÷K wWwf‡WÛ †NvlYv Kiv
nq| wg. RvwKi 20 UvKv g~‡j¨i 10 nvRvi †kqv‡ii
gvwjK| Zv‡K 10 nvRvi UvKvi †kqvi †`Iqv nq|
Ab¨w`‡K wg. mv‡n` mvbgyb †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K 5
eQi †gqvw` cÖwZwU 200 UvKv K‡i 5,000
AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi µq K‡i| †gqv` †k‡l †Kv¤úvwb
10% Awanv‡i Zv‡K g~j¨ cwi‡kva K‡i|
[nwj µm K‡jR, XvKv]
A K. FYcÎ Kx? 1 gybvdvI Avkv K‡ib, Zv‡`i Rb¨ AMÖvwaKvi
A L. weeiYcÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 †kqv‡i wewb‡qvM Kiv DËg| Avi Aí ev wbw`©ó
A M. wg. RvwK‡ii cÖvß 10 nvRvi UvKvi
†kqvi‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi e‡j? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
3
93
A N. wg. mv‡n` †Kvb ai‡bi AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi
µq Ki‡Qb? GB †kqvi µ‡qi †hŠw³KZv
g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb FY MÖn‡Yi
¯^xK…wZ wn‡m‡e †h `wjj Bmy¨ K‡i Zv‡K FYcÎ
n‡jv| A
( cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb RbM‡Yi cÖwZ †kqvi
µ‡qi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q †h cÖPvicÎ Bmy¨ K‡i
Zv‡K weeiYcÎ e‡j| B
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb wbeÜb cÖvwßi
gva¨‡g AvBbMZ c„_K mËv AR©b K‡i| Z‡e Gi
ciB GwU e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv
GRb¨ RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ weeiYcÎ Bmy¨ Ki‡Z nq|
G‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi we¯—vwiZ Z_¨mn †kqvi µ‡q
AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq| Gi gva¨‡g RbMY
†Kv¤úvwbwU m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i|
( DÏxc‡K wg. RvwK‡ii cÖvß 10 nvRvi UvKvi
†kqvi‡K †evbvm †kqvi e‡j| B
†kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i jf¨vsk wn‡m‡e bM` A_© cwi‡kva
bv K‡i †evbvm †kqvi Bmy¨ Kiv nq| A‡bK mgq
†Kv¤úvwbi AwR©Z gybvdv eÈb Kiv nq bv| †kqvi
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
†nvìvi‡`i‡K gybvdv ev jf¨vsk bv w`‡q D³ A_©‡K
g~ja‡b iƒcvš—i Kiv nq Ges Gi wecix‡Z †kqvi
†nvìvi‡`i‡K bZzb †kqvi †`qv nq| Giƒc †kqvi‡K
cò
†evbvm †kqvi e‡j|
DÏxc‡Ki g‡bv‡ivfv †Kv¤úvwb 2014 mv‡j cÖPzi
gybvdv K‡i| †Kv¤úvwbwU 10% K¨vk wWwf‡WÛ
I 10% ÷K wWwf‡WÛ †NvlYv K‡i| wg. RvwKi 20
UvKv g~‡j¨i 10 nvRvi †kqv‡ii gvwjK| Zv‡K 10
nvRvi UvKvi †kqvi †`qv nq| A_©vr †m AvswkK
gybvdv bM‡` †c‡q‡Q Ges evwK As‡ki wecix‡Z
†kqvi †c‡q‡Qb| G‡¶‡Î wZwb gybvdv ev jf¨vsk
bM‡` bv †c‡q †kqvi †c‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ Zvi cÖvß
†kqvi †evbvm †kqvi|
( DÏxc‡K wg. mv‡n` cwi‡kva¨ AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi
µq K‡i‡Qb| Zvi Giƒc †kqvi µ‡qi †hŠw³KZv
i‡q‡Q| A
wbw`©ó mg‡qi c‡i cwi‡kva¨ AMÖvwaKvi
†kqv‡ii g~j¨ †diZ †`Iqv nq| Giƒc †kqvi Abš—Kvj
envj _v‡K bv| †Kv¤úvwb †NvwlZ mgq ci Giƒc
†kqv‡ii A_© †diZ †`qv nq|
DÏxc‡K wg. mv‡n` mvbgyb †Kv¤úvwbi 5 eQi
†gqvw` †kqvi µq K‡i| A_©vr Zvi µqK…Z †kqv‡ii
†gqv` 5 eQi| 5 eQi ci D³ †kqv‡ii A_© 10%
Awanv‡i cwi‡kva Kiv nq| ZvB Zvi µqK…Z †kqvi
n‡jv cwi‡kva¨ AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi|
hviv SuywK wb‡Z Pvb bv, Avevi wKQy wbw`©ó
mg‡qi g‡a¨ wewb‡qvwRZ A_© †diZ †c‡Z PvB‡j
cwi‡kva¨ AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi GKwU DËg weKí|
 94 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
Avi †gqv` †k‡l 10% Awanv‡i A_© †diZ †`qvq wg.
mv‡n‡`i Rb¨ Avw_©Kfv‡e DcK…Z nIqvi
my‡hvM n‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, Zvi Giƒc †kqvi µq
Kiv h‡_ó †hŠw³K n‡q‡Q|
((( mvgvš’v GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi eªvÛ †bBg|
†Kv¤úvwbwUi AvBbMZfv‡e Zdwmj-1 MÖn‡Yi
my‡hvM wQj bv| d‡j cÖwZôvbwU GKwU `wjj
cÖ¯‘Z K‡i Ges †m Abyhvqx Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv
K‡i| eZ©gv‡b GwU †`‡ki GKwU ¯^bvgab¨
cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e wU‡K Av‡Q|
[XvKv Kgvm© K‡jR]
K. weKvk †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb? 1 MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM wQj bv| ZvB GKwU `wjj K‡i
L. †Kv¤úvwb AvBbm„ó cÖwZôvb ejvi KviY
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 GwU †`‡ki ¯^bvgab¨ †Kv¤úvwb wn‡m‡e wU‡K
M. mvgvš’v †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb? e¨vL¨v
K‡iv| 3 DÏxc‡Ki mvgvš’v bvgK †Kv¤úvwbwU †h `wjj
N. cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ¯‘ZK…Z `wjjB wK Gi
cwiPvjbvq mnvqK Dˇii c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( weKvk e¨vsK e¨vsK wj. Gi GKwU
mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb| A
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
†h †Kv¤úvwbi AwaKvsk †kqv‡ii gvwjKvbv, †fvU`vb
¶gZv, †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y ¶gZv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
†Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b _v‡K, Zv‡K mvewmwWqvwi
cò
†Kv¤úvwb e‡j|
( AvB‡bi ¯^xK…wZi gva¨‡g †Kv¤úvwb MwVZ
nq e‡j †Kv¤úvwb‡K AvBbm„ó cÖwZôvb ejv nq|
A eÜ n‡q hvq| Rbve gvmym A‡bK †Póv K‡iI UvKv
†Kv¤úvwb AvBb Abyhvqx MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ I
wbqwš¿Z cÖwZôvb n‡jv †Kv¤úvwb msMVb|
MVb msµvš— hveZxq AvbyôvwbKZv m¤úv`‡bi
c‡iB wbe܇bi gva¨‡g AvBbMZ ¯^xK…wZ †`Iqv
nq| d‡j K…wÎg e¨w³¯^Ëvi AwaKvix nq| †h‡nZz
AvB‡bi ¯^xK…wZi gva¨‡g †Kv¤úvwbi m„wó|
ZvB G‡K AvBb m„ó cÖwZôvb ejv nq|
( Ômvgvš’vÕ GKwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb| A
Kgc‡¶ 2 n‡Z m‡e©v”P 50 Rb m`m¨ wg‡j
†Kv¤úvwb AvBb Abyhvqx †h msMVb MwVZ nq
Zv‡K cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| Giƒc
†Kv¤úvwb‡K wbR¯^ cwi‡gj wbqgvewj ˆZwi Ki‡Z
nq| †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡b ewY©Z Zdwmj-1 †K
cwi‡gj wbqgvewj wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi Giƒc
†Kv¤úvwbi _v‡K bv|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †Kv¤úvwbwUi AvBbMZfv‡M
Zdwmj-1 MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM wQj bv| ZvB
cÖwZôvbwU GKwU `wjj cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †m Abyhvqx
Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| A_©vr, GwU
eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e cwi‡gj wbqgvewj ev msL¨vwewa
cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †m Abyhvqx KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| ZvB
cÖwZôvbwU n‡jv cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb|
( DÏxc‡K ewY©Z `wjjwU n‡jv cwi‡gj wbqgvewj
ev msNwewa, hv D³ cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq mnvqK
n‡e| A
†Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi wØZxq cÖavb `wjj n‡jv
cwi‡gj wbqgvewj ev msNwewa| G‡Z cÖwZôvb
cwiPvjbvMZ hveZxq welq we¯—vwiZfv‡e D‡jL
Kiv nq| G AbyhvqxB †Kv¤úvwbi ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©µg
cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki Ômvgvš’vÕ GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi eª¨vÛ
†bBg| †Kv¤úvwbi AvBbMZ fv‡e Zvdwmj-1
Zvi †cÖw¶‡Z Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| eZ©gv‡b
Av‡Q|
cÖYqb K‡i‡Q e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q, Zv n‡jv cwi‡gj
wbqgvewj| GwU cÖYqb Kiv cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ eva¨ZvgyjK| Avi G‡Z †h‡nZz
†Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbvMZ hveZxq welq D‡jL _v‡K
†m‡nZz GB `wjjB cÖwZôvbwUi cwiPvjbvq
mnvqK n‡e|
((( Rbve gvmyg Bmjvgcy‡ii eo Kvco
Avg`vwbKviK| mviv †`‡ki cvBKvi I wWjvi‡`i
wZwb gvjvgvj mieivn K‡ib| mRj bvgK e¨emvqxi
mv‡_ `xN©w`b †jb‡`b Kivq A‡bK UvKv e‡Kqv
c‡o‡Q| nVvr Rbve mRj gviv hvIqvq mR‡ji e¨emvq
Zzj‡Z cv‡ibwb| ZvB wZwb wm×vš— wb‡q‡Qb
AvBbMZ mËv `ye©j Ggb cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_
wZwb av‡i e¨emvq Ki‡eb bv| [XvKv Kgvm© K‡jR]
K. wkí Kx? 1
L. evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2
M. Rbve gvmy‡gi msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi
e¨emvq e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Rbve gvmy‡gi cieZ©x‡Z M„nxZ c`‡¶‡ci
†hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` msMÖn I Zvi iƒcMZ
Dc‡hvM m„wó msµvš— hveZxq Kvh©µg‡K wkí
e‡j| A
†Kv‡bv e¯‘i Afve c~i‡Yi ¶gZv‡K Dc‡hvM e‡j|
( Drcvw`Z cY¨mvgMÖx †fv³v ev e¨enviKvixi
wbKU †cuvQv‡bvi hveZxq KvR‡K (µq, weµq,
cwienb BZ¨vw`) evwYR¨ e‡j| A
wk‡íi gva¨‡g cY¨ ˆZwi Kiv nq ev cÖK…wZ n‡Z
m¤ú` AniY Kiv nq| AZtci D³ cY¨ ev m¤ú`‡K †fv³v
ev e¨enviKvixi wbKU †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb
†`Lv †`q| Avi G‡¶‡Î µq, weµq, cwienb,
¸`vgRvZKiY, e¨vswKs, wegv, weÁvcb BZ¨vw`
eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
Kvh© m¤úv`b Ki‡Z nq| G mKj Kv‡Ri mgwóB
n‡jv evwYR¨|
( Rbve gvmy‡gi msMVbwU n‡jv GKgvwjKvbv
e¨emvq| A
GKRbgvÎ e¨w³i gvwjKvbvq MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ I
wbqwš¿Z e¨emvq‡K GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq e‡j|
Giƒc e¨emv‡q msMVK, cwiPvjK I g~jab`vZv
GKRb e¨w³B n‡q _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î mKj wm×vš—
gvwjK GKvB MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb|
DÏxc‡Ki Rbve gvmyg Bmjvgcy‡ii cÖwZwôZ
Kvc‡oi e¨emvqx| wZwb Kvco Avg`vwb K‡i
mgMÖ †`‡ki cvBKvi I wWjvi‡`i wbKU mieivn
K‡ib| GKRb e¨emvqxi wbKU cvIbv UvKv Av`vq
Ki‡ZI wZwb GKvB †Póv K‡ib| ZvB †`Lv hvq,
Rbve gvmyg GKvB e¨emv‡qi gvwjK I cwiPvjK|
cwiPvjbvMZ hveZxq wm×vš— wZwb GKvB
MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| A_©vr Zvi cÖwZwôZ I
cwiPvwjZ e¨emvqwU GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq|
( Rbve gvmyg AvBbMZ mËv `ye©j Ggb
cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q av‡i cY¨ wewµ bv Kivi wm×vš
— MÖnY K‡i| Zvi M„nxZ GB c`‡¶c h‡_ó †hŠ³K|
A Aax‡b MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ mxwgZ `vqwewkó
Rbve gvmyg GKRb Kvco Avg`vwbKviK| mviv
†`‡ki cvBKvi I wWjvi‡`i wbKU wZwb Kvco
mieivn K‡ib| mRj bv‡g GKRb e¨emvqxi wbKU
Zvi A‡bK UvKv cvIbv n‡q hvq| wKš‘ nVvr mRj
gviv hvq| G‡Z mR‡ji e¨emvq eÜ n‡q hvq| GRb¨
Rbve gvmyg A‡bK †Póv K‡iI mR‡ji wbKU cvIbv
A_© Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
Rbve gvmyg hw` †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi
wbKU evwK‡Z cY¨ weµq Ki‡Zb Zvn‡j Zvi cvIbv
A_© Av`vq Kiv mnR n‡Zv| wKš‘ mRj wQj GK
gvwjKvbv e¨emvqx| Zvi g„Zz¨‡Z Zvi e¨emv‡qi
we‡jvc N‡U| ZvB cvIbv`vi Rbve gvmyg A‡bK
†Póv K‡iI cvIbv A_© Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv|
GRb¨ wZwb GKgvwjKvbv ev Askx`vix e¨emvqxi
wbKU evwK‡Z cY¨ weµq bv Kivi wm×vš—
MÖnY K‡ib| ZvB ejv hvq, Zvi GB c`‡¶cwU
Aek¨B †hŠw³K|
((( †kvfb ÔRbbxÕ I ÔRbZvÕ bv‡gi `ywU
cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKvbvi mv‡_ RwoZ| Rbbx
cÖwZôvbwU †UªW jvB‡mÝ Ges RbZv
cÖwZôvbwU wbeÜbcÎ cvIqvi ci KvR ïi“ K‡i| `ywU
cÖwZôvbB e¨emvq m¤úÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ e¨vsK FY
†bq| †gqv` †k‡l FY cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ e¨vsK Rbbx
cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î †kvfb‡K Ges ÔRbZvÕ
cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î cÖwZôvb‡K †bvwUk †`q|
[Av`gRx K¨v›Ub‡g›U K‡jR, XvKv]
A K. ivBU †kqvi Kx? 1
A L. weeiYcÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
A M. DÏxc‡Ki RbZv cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi
msMVb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
95
A N. FY cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ Rbbx cÖwZôv‡bi †¶‡Î
†kvfb‡K †bvwUk cÖ`v‡bi †hŠw³KZv we‡k-
lY K‡iv| 4
25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv¤úvwbi AwZwi³ g~jab msMÖ‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨
bZzb †kqvi evRv‡i Qvovi mgq eZ©gvb †kqvi
gvwjK‡`i AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q Zv‡`i c~‡e©i µqK…
Z †kqv‡ii Abycv‡Z †h bZzb †kqvi Bmy¨ K‡i
Zv‡K ivBU †kqvi e‡j| A
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cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡K Kvh©vi‡¤¢i
AbygwZcÎ msMÖnKv‡jB weeiYcÎ wbe܇Ki
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cÖ‡qvRbxq me welq D‡jL K‡i RbmvaviY‡K
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†Kv¤úvwb msMVb n‡jv †Kv¤úvwbi AvB‡bi
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eÅemvq msMVb 1g
e¨emvq Kvh©µg ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
DÏxc‡K Rbve †kvfb mv‡ne Rbbx I RbZv bvgK
`ywU cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKvbvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³| GB
cò
`ywU cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ RbZv cÖwZôvbwU
wbeÜbcÎ cvIqvi ciciB KvR ïi“ K‡i †`q| GwU K…
wÎg e¨w³mËvi AwaKvix nIqvq wbR bv‡g
cwiPvwjZ nq| Gi mËv gvwjK †_‡K m¤ú~Y©
c„_K| GwU wbR bv‡g Pzw³ m¤úv`b, †jb‡`b I
cÖ‡qvR‡b gvgjv-†gvKÏgv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Gme
ˆewkó¨ †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi mv‡_
mvgÄm¨c~Y©| ZvB ejv hvq, RbZv cÖwZôvbwU
gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ †Kv¤úvwb msMVb|
( DÏxc‡K Rbbx cÖwZôvbwU GK gvwjKvbv
e¨emvq nIqvq Rbve †kvfb‡K FY cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨
†bvwUk cÖ`vb hyw³m½Z n‡q‡Q| A
GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq n‡jv GKK gvwjKvbvq
MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq| †h †KD †UªW
jvB‡mÝ msMÖn K‡i G e¨emvq MVb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
G e¨emvq gvwj‡Ki bv‡gB cwiPvwjZ nq| G Rb¨
e¨emv‡qi `vq gvwjK‡KB enb Ki‡Z nq|
DÏxc‡Ki Rbve †kvfb Rbbx bvgK cÖwZôv‡bi
gvwjKvbvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³| cÖwZôvbwU
GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq| GwU e¨vsK †_‡K FY
MÖnY K‡i| †gqv` †k‡l e¨vsKwU Rbve †kvfb FY
cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ †bvwUk cÖ`vb K‡i|
GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi m`m¨‡`i `vq Amxg| G Rb¨
wewb‡qvMK…Z g~jab w`‡q `vq cwi‡kva Kiv m¤
¢e bv n‡j, m`m¨‡`i e¨w³MZ m¤ú` w`‡q `vq
3 cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU
GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq nIqvq e¨vsK †kvfb‡K FY
cwi‡kv‡ai Rb¨ †bvwUk cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| G‡¶‡Î
 96 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
wZwb GB FY cwi‡kv‡a eva¨ _vK‡eb| myZivs ejv
hvq, e¨vsK KZ©„K Rbve †kvfb‡K FY cwi‡kv‡ai
†bvwUk cÖ`vb Kiv †hŠw³K n‡q‡Q|
((( mvËvi I mwRe `yB eÜy Zviv †kqvievRv‡i
wewb‡qv‡Mi cwiKíbvq wbR wbR bv‡g weI (B/O)
GKvD›U †Lv‡j| `yR‡bB 5 j¶ UvKv K‡i Avi wc wjt
Gi †kqvi µq K‡i| mvËvi cÖwZ eQi wbw`©ó nv‡i
jf¨vsk cvq| wKš‘ mwR‡ei jf¨vs‡ki nvi cÖwZeQi
cwieZ©b nq| Avi wc wjt Zv‡`i e¨emvq
m¤úÖmvi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU mfv AvnŸvb K‡i Ges
me †kqvi gvwjK‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi Avgš¿Y Rvbvq|
[Av`gRx K¨v›Ub‡g›U K‡jR, XvKv]
A K. G wR Gg Kv‡K e‡j? 1 DÏxc‡K mvËvi I mwRe `yB eÜy| Zviv †kqvievRvi
A L. weeiYcÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 †_‡K h_vµ‡g AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi I mvaviY †kqvi
A M. DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ †Kv¤úvwbwU †Kvb
ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 jf¨vsk †c‡jI mwR‡ei jf¨vs‡ki nvi cÖwZeQi
A N. Avi wc wj.-Gi wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î
mvËvi I mwR‡ei g‡a¨ Kvi AwaKvi †ewk?
gZvgZ we‡klY K‡iv| 4 Ges †mLvb AskMÖn‡bi Rb¨ me †kqvi gvwjK‡K
26 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cÖ‡Z¨K †Kv¤úvwb‡K cÖwZeQi †h evwl©K
mvaviY mfv Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K G wR Gg
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
e‡j| A
AGM Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv Annual General Meeting (evwl©K
cò
mvaviY mfv)
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Zvi †kqvi I FYcÎ
weµ‡qi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q †h
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g‡a¨ †Kv¤úvwbi cÖ‡qvRbxq me Z_¨ D‡jL Kiv
_v‡K, hv‡Z †kqvi µ‡q B”QzK e¨w³eM© G †_‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ †c‡q †kqvi µ‡q DØy× n‡Z cv‡i|
Z‡e †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìviMY wb‡RivB g~jab
msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡j Giƒc cÎ cÖPv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq
bv|
( DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ †Kv¤úvwbwU cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi Aš—M©Z| A
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v
Kgc‡¶ 7 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P †kqvi msL¨v Øviv
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FYcÎ weµq K‡i| g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi
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DÏxc‡K mvËvi I mwRe `yB eÜy| Zviv †kqvievRv‡i
wewb‡qv‡Mi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbR wbR bv‡g e¨vs‡K GKwU
weI (B/O) GKvD›U †Lv‡j| Zviv `yR‡bB Avi wc wjt
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G‡¶‡Î †Kv¤úvwbwU n‡jv cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb| KviY cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb
evRv‡i †kqvi weµq Ki‡Z cvi‡jI cÖB‡fU wj.
†Kv¤úvwb evRv‡i †kqvi weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB
ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ †Kv¤úvwbwU cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi Aš—M©Z|
( DÏxc‡Ki mvËv‡ii †kqviwU n‡jv AMÖvwaKvi
†kqvi Ges mwR‡ei †kqviwU n‡jv mvaviY †kqvi|
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mwR‡ei AwaKvi †ewk| A
mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìviiv †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjbvq
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wKš‘ AMÖvwaKvi †kqv‡nvìviiv †Kv¤úvwbi
cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †fvU w`‡Z
cv‡i bv, †fvU cÖv_©x n‡Z cv‡i bv Ges mfvq
AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
µq K‡i| G‡¶‡Î mvËvi cÖwZ eQi wbw`©ó nv‡i
cwieZ©b nq| Avi wc wj. Zv‡`i e¨emvq
m¤úÖmvi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU mfv AvnŸvb K‡i
Avgš¿Y Rvbvq|
Avi wc wj.-Gi mfvq mwRe AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡jI
mvËvi AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| KviY
AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi‡nvìviiv †Kv¤úvwbi mvaviY
mfvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j G ai‡bi
†kqvi‡nvìviiv †Kv¤úvwbi †Kv‡bv wel‡qi Ici
wm×vš— w`‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ mvaviY †kqvi
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Ges †Kv¤úvwbi †h †Kv‡bv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wel‡q
wm×vš— wb‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †kqv‡ii aib we‡ePbvq
Avi wc wj. Gi wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î mwR‡ei
AMÖvwaKvi †ewk|
((( wiqv` I Zvi eÜy wg‡j ÔeÜbÕ bv‡g GKwU
myZvi wgj ¯’vcb K‡ib| Zv‡`i cÖwZôv‡b wiqv` I
GK eÜy cwiPvjbv wn‡m‡e e¨emvqwU cwiPvjbv
K‡i _v‡Kb| Zv‡`i Aby‡gvw`Z g~ja‡bi cwigvY 20
†KvwU UvKv| my`¶ cwiPvjbv I e¨e¯’vcbvi d‡j
cÖwZôvbwU jvfRbK nIqvi †cÖw¶‡Z Zviv Zv
m¤úÖmvi‡Yi wm×vš— wb‡jb| e¨vsK F‡Yi
RwUjZvi K_v wPš—v K‡i Zviv RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q
†kqvi weµ‡qi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ 10 †KvwU UvKv
g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×vš— wb‡jb| [biwms`x miKvwi
gwnjv K‡jR]
A K. †kqvi Kx? 1
A L. †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi ÒK…wÎg mËvÓ ej‡Z
Kx †evSvq? 2
A M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi
†Kv¤úvwb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
A N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU M„nxZ wm×vš—
ev¯—evq‡b we`¨gvb cwiPvjbv cl©‡`i
†Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Avek¨Kxq wK? †Zvgvi
gZvg‡Zi mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi Aby‡gvw`Z †gvU g~ja‡bi
mgvb I ¶z`ª As‡ki cÖwZwU GKK‡K †kqvi e‡j| A
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( †h mËv ev Aw¯—‡Z¡i gva¨‡g †Kv¤úvwb wbR
bv‡g MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K †Kv¤úvwbi
K…wÎg mËv e‡j| A
†Kv¤úvwb‡K Zvi gvwjK ev †kqvi‡nvìvi †_‡K
m¤ú~Y© c„_K mËv wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
†Kv¤úvwb msMVb e¨w³ bv n‡qI e¨w³i g‡Zv wbR
bv‡g Pzw³ m¤úv`b, †jb‡`b I cÖ‡qvR‡b gvgjv-
†gvKÏgv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Kv¤úvwb wbR¯^ bv‡g
MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq Ges wbR¯^ wmj‡gvni
e¨envi K‡i| Gme Kvi‡Y †Kv¤úvwbi msMVb‡K
K…wÎg mËv ejv nq|
( DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwbi Aš—M©Z| B
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v
Kgc‡¶ `yBRb Ges m‡e©v”P 50 Rb nq| G ai‡bi
†Kv¤úvwb‡Z Kgc‡¶ 2 Rb cwiPvjK _vK‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e G †Kv¤úvwb RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †kqvi I FYcÎ
weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
DÏxc‡K wiqv` I Zvi 5 eÜy wg‡j ÔeÜbÕ bv‡g
GKwU myZvi wgj ¯’vcb K‡ib| A_©vr Zv‡`i
cÖwZôv‡b †gvU m`m¨msL¨v 6 Rb| GQvovI wiqv`
I Zvi GK eÜy cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e e¨emvqwU
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| G‡¶‡Î Zv‡`i cÖwZôv‡b cwiPvjK
msL¨v 2 Rb| Zviv mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ G
e¨emvqwU ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Gme ˆewkó¨ cÖvB‡fU
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| ZvB
ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb|
( DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwUi M„nxZ wm×vš— ev¯—
evq‡b we`¨gvb cwiPvjbv cl©‡` cwieZ©b
Avek¨Kxq e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| B
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v
Kgc‡¶ 7 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P †kqvi msL¨v Øviv
mxgve× nq| G ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwbi b~b¨Zg 3 Rb
cwiPvjK _vK‡Z nq| G ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb RbM‡Yi
Kv‡Q †kqvi I FYcÎ weµq K‡i gyjab msMÖn Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki wiqv` I Zvi eÜyiv Zv‡`i MwVZ ÔeÜbÕ
bvgK cÖwZôvbwUi m¤úÖmvi‡Yi wm×vš— †bq|
cÖwZôvbwU Aby‡gvw`Z g~ja‡bi cwigvY wQj 20
†KvwU UvKv| eZ©gv‡b Zv m¤úÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨
Av‡iv 10 †KvwU UvKv g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| Zviv
RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †kqvi weµq K‡i G g~jab
msMÖ‡ni wm×vš— †bq|
DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU‡K cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb †_‡K cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb†Z
iƒcvš—‡ii wm×vš— †bq| G‡¶‡Î Zv‡`i cÖwZôvb
we`¨gvb cwiPvjK 2 Rb n‡Z 3 R‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Z
n‡e| cwiPvjK 3 Rb bv n‡j cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb MVb Kiv hv‡e bv| Avi cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvš—i Kiv bv †M‡j
evRv‡i †kqvi weµq K‡i g~jab msMÖn Kiv hv‡e
bv| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwUi M„nxZ
wm×vš— ev¯—evqb cwiPvjbv cl©` cwieZ©b
Avek¨Kxq e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
97
((( †Kqv I ˆPwZ cvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ
`xNx`b a‡i GKwU d¨vkb kc cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb|
e¨emv‡qi e¨vcK mvdj¨ AwR©Z nIqvq Zviv m`m¨
msL¨v bv evwo‡q Amxg `v‡qi mxgveäZv `~i K‡i
GKwU e„n`vqZb e¨emvq cÖwZôvb ¯’vc‡b
AvMÖnx| G wel‡q Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v
MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ GKRb AvBbRxexi civgk© MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| [ivRevox miKvwi K‡jR]
A K. msNwewa Kx? 1
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A M. cÖv_wgK ch©vq †Kqv I ˆPwZ KZ…©K
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K‡iv| 3
A N. †Kqv I ˆPwZ Kxfv‡e e„n`vqZb e¨emvq
MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i? civgk© `vI| 4
28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h `wj‡j †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨š—ixY Kvh©Kjvc
cwiPvjbv msµvš— hveZxq wbqg-bxwZ D‡jL
_v‡K, Zv‡K msNwewa e‡j| A
( K…wÎg e¨w³mËv ej‡Z e¨w³ bv n‡qI e¨w³i b¨vq
AvBbMZ gh©v`v I AwaKvi jvf Kiv‡K †evSvq| A
Gi gva¨‡g †Kv¤úvwb wbeÜb nIqvi ci e¨w³i b¨vq
wbR bv‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| GwU Zvi gvwjK ev
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
†kqvi‡nvìvi †_‡K m¤ú~~Y© Avjv`v mËv jvf K‡i|
wbR bv‡g †jb‡`b, Pzw³m¤úv`b Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b
AvBbMZ e¨emvq wb‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †Kv¤úvwb‡K
cò
K…wÎg e¨w³mËvi AwaKvix ejv nq|
( cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q †Kqv I ˆPwZ KZ…©K
m¤úvw`Z e¨emvq Askx`vwi e¨emvq wQj| A
`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ cvi¯úwiK Pzw³ I mg‡SvZvi
gva¨‡g †¯^”Qvq g~jab mieivn K‡i Askx`vwi
e¨emvq MVb K‡i| G ai‡bi e¨emvq m`m¨ msL¨v 2
Rb n‡Z m‡ev”P© 20 Rb| m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ Pzw³eä
m¤úK© we`¨gvb _v‡K| Pzw³ Abyhvqx Zviv g~jab
mieivn K‡i _v‡K| G e¨emv‡q Askx`vi‡`i `vq
Amxg _v‡K|
DÏxc‡K †Kqv I ˆPwZ ci¯úi mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ
e¨emvq cÖwZôvb MVb K‡ib| Zviv `xN©w`b a‡i
GKwU d¨vkb kc cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Qb| GB
e¨emv‡qi me `vq-`vwqZ¡ Zviv mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g
fvM K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| cÖwZôv‡bi g~ja‡bi †hvMvb I
`v‡qi fvi Zv‡`i Ici _v‡K| cÖwZôv‡bi gybvdv n‡j
Pzw³ Abyhvqx †fvM K‡i _v‡Kb| Zv‡`i GB
Kvh©µg Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi ˆewk‡ó¨i mv‡_ wg‡j
hvq| myZivs †Kqv I ˆPwZ KZ…©K m¤úvw`Z
e¨emvq GKwU Askx`vwi e¨emvq cÖwZôvb|
( †Kqv I ˆPwZ 1994 mv‡ji †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi
gva¨‡g †Kv¤úvwb msMVb MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i| A
†Kv¤úvwb msMVb ej‡Z AvBb Øviv m„ó I
¯^xK…Z e„n`vqZb cÖwZôvb‡K †evSvq| GwU
1994 mv‡ji †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi Øviv wbqwš¿Z I
cwiPvwjZ nq| †Kv¤úvwb msMVb `yÔai‡bi n‡Z
 98 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
cv‡i| cvewjK wj. I cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb
msMVb|
DÏxc‡Ki ˆPwZ I †Kqv `xN©w`b a‡i GKUv d¨vkb
kc cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| e¨emv‡qi e¨vcK mvdj¨
AwR©Z nIqvq Zviv e¨emv‡qi cwiwa evov‡Z
AvMÖnx| G‡¶‡Î Zviv m`m¨ bv evwo‡q e„n`vqZb
e¨emvq ¯’vcb Ki‡Z Pvq| ZvB Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq
e¨emv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ AvBbRxexi cigvk©© MÖnY
Ki‡Qb|
ˆPwZ I †Kqv cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z m`m¨
me©wbgœ 2 Rb Ges m‡ev©”P 50 Rb| ˆPwZ I
†Kqv m`m¨ evov‡Z Pvq bv| ZvB Zviv 1994 mv‡ji
†Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi gva¨‡g cÖvB‡fU wj.
†Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zviv G‡¶‡Î
wbe܇Ki wbKU Av‡e`bc‡Îi mv‡_ wbw`©ó wd
w`‡q †Kv¤úvwb wbeÜb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wbeÜK Zv‡`i
e¨emv‡qi aib, D‡Ïk¨, g~jab, †kqvi BZ¨vw` welq
we‡ePbv Ki‡eb| we‡ePbv K‡i mš‘ó n‡j wZwb
wbeÜb eB‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi bvg ZvwjKvfz³ Ki‡eb
Gici Zviv wbeÜbcÎ wb‡q e¨emvq Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| Dc‡iv³ c×wZi gva¨‡g †Kqv I ˆPwZ
cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
((( Avwmqvb †Kv¤úvwb evsjv‡`‡k GKwU
¯^bvgab¨ e¨emvq cÖwZôvb| cÖwZôvbwUi c‡Y¨i
cò
Pvwn`v w`b w`b e„w× cvIqvq g~jab e„w× Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| †Kv¤úvwbwU Ggb †kqvi evRv‡i Bmy¨
Ki‡jb, hvi Øviv g~jab msMÖn Kiv n‡jI cwiPvjbvq
†Kv‡bv mgm¨v nqwb Ges cyivZb †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i
g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AwZwi³ g~ja‡bi Rb¨ weKí
c×wZi K_v †Kv¤úvwbwU fve‡Q, hv Øviv
RbM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
[weqvg g‡Wj ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, e¸ov]
A K. Askx`vwi Pzw³cÎ Kx? 1 cÖ`vb K‡i| wKš‘ FYc‡Îi gvwjKMY †Kv¤úvwbi
A L. Hw”QK Askx`vwi e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
A M. Avwmqvb †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi
Bmy¨ K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A N. DÏxc‡K weKí Drm †_‡K g~jab msMÖ‡ni
†hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4 my` MÖnY K‡i Ges cÖwZôv‡b Zv‡`i c~Äxf‚Z
29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ †h c‡Îi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i
g‡a¨ Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡ib Zv‡K Askx`vwi Pzw³cÎ
e‡j| A
( †Kv‡bv Askx`vwi Pzw³c‡Î Askx`viMY e¨emv‡qi
¯’vwqZ¡Kvj ev †gqv‡`i mxgv wba©viY bv Ki‡j
Zv‡K Hw”QK Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j| A
G‡¶‡Î †Kv‡bv Askx`vwi e¨emvq wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri
Rb¨ e¨emvq MVb K‡i Ges KvR m¤úv`‡bi ciI Pj‡Z
cv‡i| GB e¨emv‡q †Kv‡bv Askx`vi Ab¨ Askx`v‡ii
Kv‡Q e¨emv‡qi we‡jvc mva‡bi Rb¨ wjwLZ
weÁwß w`‡j e¨emv‡qi we‡jvc N‡U|
( DÏxc‡K Avwmqvb †Kv¤úvwb ivBU †kqvi Bmy¨
K‡i‡Qb| A
ivBU †kqvi n‡jv †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb AwZwi³
g~jab msMÖ‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ bZzb †kqvi evRv‡i Qvovi
mgq †kqvi gvwjK‡`i AMÖvwaKvi hy³ †kqvi|
G‡¶‡Î gvwjK‡`i c~‡e©i †kqvi µq Abycv‡Z bZzb
†kqvi cÖ`v‡b AMÖvwaKvi †`Iqv nq|
DÏxc‡K Avwmqvb †Kv¤úvwb evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU
¯^bvgab¨ e¨emvq cÖwZôvb| cÖwZôvbwU g~jab
evov‡bvi Rb¨ bZzb K‡i evRv‡i †kqvi Bmy¨ K‡i|
GB †kqvi Bmy¨i d‡j g~jab msMÖn nq| G‡Z
gvwjKvbv ev cwiPvjbvq †Kv‡bv mgm¨v nqwb|
KviY G‡¶‡Î cyivZb †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i‡K
AMÖvwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ †kqvi µq Abycv‡Z bZzb
†kqvi cÖ`vb Kiv nq, hv ivBU †kqvi wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ| ZvB ejv hvq, Avwmqvb †Kv¤úvwb
ivBU †kqvi Bmy¨ K‡i‡Q|
( DÏxc‡K weKí Drm wn‡m‡e FYcÎ Bmy¨i gva¨‡g
g~jab msMÖn Kiv †hŠw³K e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| A
FYcÎ n‡jv †Kv¤úvwb KZ©„K cÖ`Ë GKwU `wjj|
GwU Bmy¨i gva¨‡g Pzw³e×fv‡e A_© msMÖn Kiv
nq| GwU FY MÖn‡Yi ¯^xK…wZ¯^iƒc|
†Kv¤úvwbi FYc‡Î my‡`i cwigvY, F‡Yi cwigvY I
†diZ `v‡bi cÖwZkÖ“wZ _v‡K|
DÏxc‡K Avwmqvb †Kv¤úvwbi c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v w`b
w`b evo‡Z _vKvq g~jab evov‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o|
G‡¶‡Î †kqvi Bmy¨i cvkvcvwk cÖwZôvbwU weKí
c×wZ wn‡m‡e FYcÎ Bmy¨i gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi KvQ
†_K g~jab msMÖ‡ni wPš—v K‡i|
FYc‡Îi gva¨‡g A_© msMÖn Ki‡j RbM‡Yi KvQ
†_‡K †Kv¤úvwbwU ch©vß A_© msMÖn Ki‡Z
cvi‡e| G‡¶‡Î FYc‡Îi gvwjK‡K wbw`©ó nv‡i my`
†Kv‡bv gvwjKvbv MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
2 GQvovI Zv‡`i cÖwZôv‡b †Kv‡bv cwiPvjbv ¶gZv
_v‡K bv Ges †Kv‡bv †fvUvwaKvi ¶gZv cvb bv|
3 cÖwZôv‡b gybvdv n‡j FYc‡Îi gvwjK G‡¶‡Î
†Kv‡bv gybvdv I cvb bv| Z‡e Zviv wbw`©ó nv‡i
A_© w`‡q g~jab msKU wbimb K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq,
weKí Drm wn‡m‡e FYcÎ Bmy¨i gva¨‡g g~jab
msMÖn m¤ú~Y© hyw³hy³|
((( m`¨ MBA cvm Kiv mvZ eÜy †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi
Rb¨ AvBb Dc‡`óvi wbKU †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi
AvMÖn Rvbv‡jb I KiYxq m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©kbv
PvB‡j Dc‡`óv Rvbv‡jb, Zviv †h †Kv¤úvwb MVb
Ki‡Z hv‡”Q Zvi Rb¨ Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZ
msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e bv| Z‡e `ywU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© `wjj
ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wKQyUv mgq jvM‡e| eÜyiv
me ï‡b mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ AvB‡bi
eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
AvbyôvwbKZvi evB‡iB GKwU cÖwZôvb Mo‡jb|
[Kv‡j±‡iU ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, iscyi]
A K. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Kx? 1 mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ Zviv †h‡Kv‡bv mgm¨v
A L. FYcÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| miKvwi †Kv‡bv n¯—‡¶c
A M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mvZ eÜy wg‡j †Kvb ai‡bi
†Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb? e¨vL¨v
K‡iv|
A N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mvZ eÜyi cÖwZôvb Movi
wm×v‡š—i †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb K‡iv|
30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v b~¨bZg mvZ Ges
m‡e©v”P †kqvi msL¨v Øviv mxgve×, †kqvi Aev‡a
n¯—vš—i‡hvM¨ Ges RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †kqvi
weµ‡qi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| A
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †h `wj‡ji gva¨‡g
Rbmvavi‡Yi KvQ †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K
FYcÎ e‡j| A
†Kv¤úvwbi AwZwi³ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j FYcÎ
wewµi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖn K‡i| GwU g~jab
evov‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GRb¨ wbw`©ó nv‡i my`I
w`‡Z nq| FYc‡Î G F‡Yi cwigvY, my‡`i nvi, F‡Yi
†gqv` BZ¨vw` welq ¯úófv‡e D‡jL _v‡K|
( DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mvZ eÜy wg‡j cÖvB‡fU
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| B
b~¨bZg 2 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P 50 Rb m`‡m¨i mgš^‡q
mxwgZ `v‡qi wfwˇZ cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb M‡o I‡V| GwU wbeÜbcÎ cvIqvi ci
KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ
msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv|
DÏxc‡K m`¨ MBA cvm K‡i mvZ eÜy AvBb
Dc‡`óvi †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi AvMÖn Rvbvb| Zviv
†h †Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z hv‡”Qb Zvi Rb¨
Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZ msMÖn Ki‡Z nq bv| Z‡e
†Kv¤úvwb‡K wbeÜb Ki‡Z nq Ges ¯§viKwjwcI
cwi‡gj wbqgvewji `wjj ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| hv cÖvB‡fU
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| ZvB
ejv hvq mvZ eÜy wg‡j cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
( DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mvZ eÜyi bZzb cÖwZôvb
Askx`vwi e¨emvq MV‡bi wm×vš— †hŠw³K e‡j
Avwg g‡b Kwi| B
Askx`vwi e¨emvq `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i Pzw³
Ges cvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ M‡o I‡V|
G‡¶‡Î Askx`vi‡`i `vq Amxg nq Ges cvi¯úwiK
mwØk¦vm wfwË wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
DÏxc‡K mvZ eÜy MBA cvm K‡i e¨emvq MV‡bi
wm×vš— †bb| cÖ_‡g Zviv cÖvB‡fU wj.
†Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z PvB‡jI cieZ©x‡Z bZzb
wm×v‡š— †cuŠQvb| Zviv cvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZvi
wfwˇZ AvB‡bi AvbyôvwbKZvi evB‡i Askx`vi
cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb|
Zv‡`i GB bZzb e¨emvq msMVb MV‡bi †¶‡Î
AvB‡bi †Kv‡bv Sv‡gjvq co‡Z nq bv| Zviv mn‡R
99
¯^í g~jab wb‡q GB e¨emvqwU MVb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
G‡¶‡Î Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK mwØk¦vm Ges
QvovB Zv‡`i e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, hv
Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j we‡ewPZ| ZvB ejv hvq, mvZ
3 eÜyi GB bZzb Askx`vwi e¨emvq MV‡bi wm×vš—
AZ¨š— hyw³hy³|
4
((( ÔwKs GÛ †KvsÕ GKwU cvewjK wj.
†Kv¤úvwb| cÖwZôvbwU MZ wZb eQi hver
mdjZvi mv‡_ Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q|
cÖwZôvbwUi AwZwi³ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv
†`qvq G eQi mwÂwZ Znwe‡ji A_© g~ja‡b cwiYZ
K‡i‡Q| m¤úÖwZ cÖwZôvbwUi †kqv‡ii g~j¨ n«vm
cvIqvq ÔKzBb Ges †KvsÕ bv‡g Ab¨ GKwU
†Kv¤úvwb D³ cÖwZôv‡bi 60% †kqvi µq K‡i †bq|
[Kzwgjv Kgvm© K‡jR]
A K. Ae‡jLK Kx? 1
A L. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z †hvM¨Zv m~PK †kqvi Kviv
µq K‡i Ges †Kb? 2
A M. ÔwKs GÛ †KvsÕ †Kvb c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i
mwÂwZ Znwe‡ji A_© g~ja‡b cwiYZ
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
A N. ÔwKs GÛ †KvsÕ-Gi eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb
g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
31 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
cò
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi I FYcÎ
weµ‡qi Rb¨ hviv `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib ev Pzw³e×
nb Zv‡`i KvR‡K Ae‡jLK e‡j| A
( †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjKMY †hvM¨Zvm~PK †kqvi
µq K‡ib| A
AvB‡bi weavb Abyhvqx †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjK n‡Z
n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K cwiPvjK‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY †kqvi
µq Ki‡Z nq| ¯§viKwjwc‡Z GB †kqvi µ‡qi gva¨‡g
cwiPvjK c‡` wbe©vPb Kivi †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv
hvq|
( ÔwKs GÛ †KvsÕ Af¨š—ixY A_©vq‡bi c`‡¶c
MÖnY K‡i mwÂwZ Znwe‡ji A_© g~ja‡b cwiYZ
K‡i‡Q| A
†Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi Af¨š—ixY g~jab msMÖ‡ni
Ab¨Zg Drm mwÂwZ Znwej| †Kv¤úvwb AwR©Z
gybvdvi m¤ú~Y© A_© jf¨vsk wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb bv
K‡i wKQy Ask mwÂwZ wn‡m‡e Rgv iv‡L|
cÖ‡qvR‡b GwU e¨envi K‡i A_© msKU `~i K‡i|
DÏxc‡K ÔwKs GÛ †KvsÕ GKwU cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| cÖwZôvbwU MZ wZb eQi
hver mdjZvi mv‡_ Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q|
cÖwZôvbwUi AwZwi³ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB GB
eQi mwÂwZ Znwe‡ji A_© g~ja‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Q|
G‡¶‡Î †Kv¤úvwb gybvdvi Askwe‡kl jf¨vsk
wn‡m‡e wewj bv K‡i msi¶Y K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z GwU
g~jab wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i| myZivs †Kv¤úvwbwU
 100 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
Af¨š—ixY A_©vq‡bi c`‡¶c wn‡m‡e GB Znwej
e¨envi K‡i|
( ÔwKs GÛ †KvsÕ Gi eZ©gv‡b mvewmwWqvwi
†Kv¤úvwb‡Z (Subsidiary company) iƒcvš—wiZ
n‡q‡Q| A
mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi AwaKvsk
gvwjKvbv, †fvU `vb ¶gZv, cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y
¶gZv Ab¨ †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z _v‡K| GB †Kv¤úvwb
†nvwìs †Kv¤úvwbi AvIZvq wbqwš¿Z nq|
DÏxc‡K ÔwKs GÛ †KvsÕ cÖwZôvbwUi AwZwi³
g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v n‡j mwÂwZ Znwej †_‡K A_©
msMÖn K‡i| m¤úÖwZ cÖwZôvbwUi †kqvi g~j¨
K‡g hvq| d‡j KzBb GÛ †Kvs bv‡g Ab¨ GKwU
†Kv¤úvwb D³ cÖwZôv‡bi 60% †kqvi µq K‡i †bq|
Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ÔwKs GÛ †KvsÕ
mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb wn‡m‡e Zvi wbqš¿Y
¶gZv nvivq| KviY mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwbi
†kqvi msL¨v 50% Gi Kg _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î
mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwbi †fvUvwaKvi ¶gZv
nvivq| EaŸ©Zb †Kv¤úvwb ev †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb
Aaxb¯’ †Kv¤úvwb‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq
ÔwKs GÛ †KvsÕ Gi †kqv‡ii nvi Kg nIqvq GwU
Aaxb¯’ ev mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb‡Z cwiYZ
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
n‡q‡Q|
((( Kvgvj I Zvi eÜy †mvnvM GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi
cò
†kqvi µq K‡i| †mvnvM e¨emv‡qi gybvdv †nvK ev
bv †nvK wbw`©ó nv‡i jf¨vsk cvq| wKš‘ wb‡Ri
¯^v_© mswkó welq Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wel‡q
gZvgZ w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Aci c‡¶ Kvgvj e¨emv‡qi
gybvdv n‡jB †KejgvÎ gybvdvi fvM cvq| me wel‡q
wb‡Ri gZvgZ w`‡Z cv‡i Ges e¨emvq we‡jvc n‡j
mevi †k‡l g~jab †diZ cvIqvi k‡Z© †kqvi µq Ki‡jv|
[j²xcyi miKvwi K‡jR]
A K. ¯§viKwjwc Kv‡K e‡j? 1
A L. †Kv¤úvwbi ¯^Zš¿ag©x e¨e¯’vcbv ej‡Z Kx
†evSvq?
A M. †mvnvM †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi µq K‡i‡Q?
e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A N. Kvgvj I †mvnv‡Mi †kqv‡ii g‡a¨ †Kvb ai‡bi
†kqviwU †Zvgvi wePv‡i DËg? we‡klY
K‡iv| 4 AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi †_‡K mvaviY †kqvi DËg|
32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h g~j `wj‡j †Kv¤úvwbi †gŠwjK welqvewj
(†Kv¤úvwbi bvg, wVKvbv, D‡Ïk¨, `vq, g~jab I
m¤§wZ) ms‡¶‡c wjwce× _v‡K Zv‡K ¯§viKwjwc
e‡j| A
( †Kv¤úvwbi ¯^Zš¿ag©x e¨e¯’vcbv n‡jv
†Kv¤úvwb wbR bv‡g MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nIqv
Ges gvwjK †_‡K c„_K K‡i †`Lv‡bv| B
G‡¶‡Î †Kv¤úvwb e¨w³ bv n‡qI e¨w³i b¨vq AvBbMZ
gh©v`v I AwaKvi jvf K‡i| GwU K…wÎg mËv e‡j
wbR bv‡g A‡b¨i mv‡_ †jb‡`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avevi Kv‡iv
wei“‡× gvgjvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| G ¯^Zš¿Zv e‡j †Kv¤úvwb
†_‡K gvwjKvbv‡K m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv‡bv nq|
( †mvnvM mÂqx AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi µq K‡i‡Qb|
B
mÂqx AMÖvwaKvi †kqv‡ii †¶‡Î †Kv¤úvwb
†Kv‡bv eQi jvf bv n‡jI †kqvi gvwjKiv GKwU
wbw`©ó nv‡i jf¨vsk †c‡q _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î †Kv‡bv eQi
gybvdv bv n‡j Zv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q cyÄxf‚Z _v‡K|
cieZ©x‡Z gybvdv AwR©Z n‡j GK mv‡_ †kqvi
gvwjK‡K cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
DÏxc‡K Kvgvj I †mvnvM `yB eÜy wg‡j †kqvi µq
K‡ib| †mvnvM e¨emv‡qi gybvdv †nvK ev bv †nvK
wbw`©ó nv‡i jf¨vsk cvb| wKš‘ wZwb cÖwZôv‡bi
†Kv‡bv wel‡q wm×vš— MÖnY ev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
cv‡ib bv| GQvovI wZwb †fvUvwaKvi ¶gZv cvb bv|
†Kv‡bv eQi †Kv¤úvwbi gybvdv bv AwR©Z n‡j
cieZ©x eQi wZwb c~‡e©i gybvdvmn jf¨vsk MÖnY
K‡ib| hv mÂqx AMÖvwaKvi †kqv‡ii mv‡_
mvgÄm¨c~Y©| ZvB ejv hvq, †mvnvM mÂqx
AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi µq K‡i‡Qb|
( Kvgv‡ji †kqviwU n‡jv mvaviY †kqvi Ges
†mvnv‡Mi †kqviwU n‡jv AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi| Gi
g‡a¨ Kvgv‡ji †kqviwU DËg e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| B
mvaviY †kqvi gvwjKMY cÖwZôv‡bi m‡e©v”P
¶gZvi AwaKvix| Giv cÖwZôv‡bi wm×vš— MÖnY
I †fvUvwaKvi ¶gZvi AwaKvix| Ab¨w`‡K
AMÖvwaKvi †kqv‡ii gvwjKMY ïay gybvdvq
AMÖvwaKvi cvq| wKš‘ cwiPvjbvq n¯—‡¶c Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv|
DÏxc‡K †mvnvM e¨emv‡qi gybvdv †nvK ev bv
†nvK wbw`©ó nv‡i jf¨vsk cvb| wKš‘ cwiPvjbvq
AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| A_©vr Zvi †kqviwU
AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi| Kvgvj e¨emv‡qi gybvdv n‡jB
†Kej gybvdv cvb| wZwb cwiPvjbvq gZvgZ w`‡Z
cv‡ib, hv mvaviY †kqvi gvwj‡Ki ˆewkó¨|
†mvnvM ïay e¨emv‡q g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡ib Ges
gybvdv cvb| Ab¨vb¨ KvR †hgb cwiPvjbvq
2 wbw®µq _v‡Kb| Kvgvj mvaviY †kqv‡ii gvwjK|
G‡¶‡Î wZwb AwaK ¶gZv Ges e¨emvq cwiPvjbvi
3 mv‡_ RwoZ| wZwb e¨emv‡qi †h‡Kv‡bv wel‡q
wm×vš— MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges cwiPvjbv cl©`
wbe©vP‡b †fvU w`‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB ejv hvq,
((( Rbve ingvb I Zvi 10 Rb eÜy †`‡k I we‡`‡k
e¨vcK Pvwn`v I ch©vß kÖg myweavi †cÖw¶‡Z
PÆMÖvg kn‡ii AvMÖvev‡` 11 j¶ UvKv e¨‡q
1wU RyZvi d¨v±wi w`‡q 1g eQi †k‡l †Kv‡bv
gybvdv Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI cieZx© eQi †ek gybvdv
AR©b K‡ib| c‡i D³ RyZvi KviLvbvwU‡K Ô÷vi
myR †Kv¤úvwbÕ bvg w`‡q wbeÜb Kwi‡q †bb
Ges evRv‡i †kqvi weµq K‡ib| ZLb Zviv GKwU
Drcv`b BDwbU Ly‡j we‡`‡k cY¨ ißvwb Kivi
wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib|
[we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR, PÆMÖvg]
A K. cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡ek Kx? 1
eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
A L. B-Kgvm© Kx? 2 †kqvi weµq K‡i g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z
A M. ÷vi myR †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq
msMVb e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 ZvQvov Drcv`b BDwbU Ly‡j cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i
A N. D³ †Kv¤úvwbi we‡`‡k cY¨ ißvwbi
wm×v‡š—i †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 4
33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( weÁvb I KvwiMwi wk¶v, cÖwk¶Y I M‡elYv,
DbœZ cÖhyw³i e¨envi cÖf…wZi mgš^‡q m„ó
cwi‡ek‡K cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡ek e‡j| A
( B›Uvi‡bU cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g cY¨ ev †mevKg© µq-
weµq Kiv‡K B-Kgvm© e‡j| A
G‡¶‡Î AbjvBb c×wZ‡Z cY¨ ev †mevi evwYR¨ n‡q
_v‡K| †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó Awd‡mi `iKvi nq bv| G
c×wZ‡Z MÖvnK‡i mv‡_ `ª“Z †hvMv‡hvM Kiv
hvq| Zv‡`i cQ›`g‡Zv cY¨ I †mev mieivn Kiv hvq|
ZvQvov eZ©gv‡b e¨vswKs I wewjs, f¨vjy †PBb
†UªwWs, K‡c©v‡iU cvi‡PR BZ¨vw` KvRI B-
Kgv‡m©i gva¨‡g m¤úbœ Kiv n‡”Q|
( ÷vi myR †Kv¤úvwbwU GKwU cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb msMVb| A
me©wbæ mvZ Rb Ges m‡e©v”P †kqvi msL¨v
Øviv mxwgZ †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨K m`m¨ wb‡q
MwVZ e¨emvq n‡jv cvwjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb| GLv‡b
m`m¨‡`i `vq †kqvi g~j¨ Øviv mxwgZ| g~ja‡bi
cÖ‡qvRb n‡j †Kv¤úvwb †kqvi weµq K‡i msMÖn
K‡i| Gi †kqvi Aev‡a n¯—vš—i‡hvM¨|
DÏxc‡Ki ingvb I Zvi 10 Rb eÜy †`‡k I we‡`‡k
RyZvi e¨vcK Pvwn`v I ch©vß kÖg myweav j¶
K‡ib| ZvB Zviv PÆMÖvg kn‡ii AvMÖvev‡` 11 j¶
UvKv e¨‡q GKwU RyZvi d¨v±wi ¯’vcb K‡ib|
Zv‡`i RyZvi KviLvbvi bvg †`q Ô÷vi myR
†Kv¤úvwbÕ| Zviv Zv‡`i †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi evRv‡i
weµq K‡ib| Zv‡`i GB KvR cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi
ˆewk‡ó¨i mv‡_ m¤ú„³| ZvB ejv hvq, Ô÷vi myR
†Kv¤úvwbÕ GKwU cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb
msMVb|
( ÷vi meyR †Kv¤úvwbi we‡`‡k cY¨ ißvwbi wm×vš
— †hŠw³K| A
†Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb‡K we‡`‡k cY¨ ißvwbi †¶‡Î
A‡bK g~jab cÖ‡qvRb nq| cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb
PvB‡jB G ai‡bi D‡`¨vM ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
G‡¶‡Î g~ja‡bi Rb¨ Zviv evRv‡i †kqvi weµq Ki‡Z
cv‡i| ZvQvov Drcv`b LiP Kwg‡q I ˆe‡`wkK
evRv‡i Pvwn`v evov‡Z cv‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki Rbve ingvb I Zvi 10 Rb eÜy †`‡k I we‡`‡k
e¨vcK Pvwn`v I ch©vß kÖg myweav j¶ K‡i| Gi
†cÖw¶‡Z PÆMÖvg kn‡i 11 j¶ UvKv e¨q K‡i
RyZvi d¨v±wi ¯’vcb K‡i| e¨emvq gybvdv nIqvq
Zviv GKwU Drcv`b BDwbU Ly‡j cY¨ we‡`‡k
ißvwb Ki‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ Zviv Zv‡`i †Kv¤úvwb‡K
cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z wbeÜb K‡ib| †Kv¤úvwbi
†kqvi evRv‡i weµq K‡ib| ÷vi myR †Kv¤úvwb
101
cÖwZôvbwU Drcv`b I m¤cÖmviY m¤¢e n‡e|
we‡`‡k Pvwn`vg‡Zv cY¨ ißvwb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| G‡Z
K‡i ÷vi myR †Kv¤úvwb ˆe‡`wkK gybvdv AR©b
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi d‡j cÖPzi
†jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó n‡e|
†eKviZ¡ Kg‡e| ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i d‡j Zvi
cÖwZôvb I †`‡ki mybvg evo‡e| BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y ejv
hvq †h, ÷vi myR †Kv¤úvwbi cY¨ ißvwbi wm×vš—
†hŠw³K|
((( X †Kv¤úvwb wZb eQi c~‡e© MwVZ n‡q
e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| wKš‘ GLb ch©š—
†Kv‡bv gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cwiPvjbv
cl©` ZvB wm×vš— MÖnY K‡i‡Q †Kv¤úvwbwUi
51% †kqvi weµq K‡i w`‡e| wm×vš— †gvZv‡eK Y
†Kv¤úvwbi wbKU †kqvi weµq K‡i †`q Ges
cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿‡Yi fvi Y †Kv¤úvwbi Ici b¨¯—
nq| [K·evRvi miKvwi K‡jR]
A K. cY¨ wewbgq †Kvb ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó
K‡i? 1
A L. KLb weeiYcÎ cÖPv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq bv?
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
A M. Y †Kv¤úvwbwU‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb ejv
nq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
A N. X †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi wewµ K‡i †`qvi wm×vš
— KZUv †hŠw³K n‡q‡Q? gZvgZ `vI| 4
cò
34 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cY¨ wewbgq (µq-weµq) ¯^Z¡MZ Dc‡hvM m„wó
K‡i| A
( †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìviMY wb‡R‡`i ga¨ †_‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq g~jab msMÖ‡n mg_© n‡j weeiYcÎ
cÖPv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| A
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Zvi †kqvi I FYcÎ
weµ‡qi Rb¨ RbMY eivei AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q †h
cÖPvicÎ cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K weeiYcÎ e‡j|
†Kv¤úvwbi Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ msMÖnKv‡jB
Giƒc cÎ wbe܇bi wbKU Rgv w`‡Z nq| Giƒc c‡Îi
ga¨ †Kv¤úvwbi cÖ‡qvRbxq me Z‡_¨i D‡jL Kiv
_v‡K, hv‡Z †kqvi µ‡q B”QzK e¨w³eM© †_‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ †c‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †Kv¤úvwbi
†kqvi‡nvìviv wb‡RivB g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡j
Giƒc cÎ cÖPv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
( DÏxc‡K Y †Kv¤úvwb‡K †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb ejv
nq| B
†nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb Ab¨ GK ev GKvwaK
†Kv¤úvwbi me A_ev AwaKvsk (50% Gi †ewk)
†kqvi µq K‡i Gi cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi jvf
K‡i| Giƒc †Kv¤úvwb Zvi Aaxb †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvi
mn‡hv‡M GK ai‡bi †Rv‡Ui m„wó K‡i|
DÏxc‡K X †Kv¤úvwb wZb eQi a‡i Zv‡`i e¨emvi
Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| wKš‘ GLb ch©š— Zviv
†Kv‡bv gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| GgZeve¯’vq
†Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjK cl©` wm×vš— MÖnY K‡i‡Q
†Kv¤úvwbi 51% †kqvi weµq K‡i w`‡e| wm×vš—
 102 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
†gvZv‡eK Zviv Y †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q †kqvi weµq
K‡i †`q| Gici †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿‡Yi
`vwqZ¡ Y †Kv¤úvwbi Ici b¨¯— K‡i| G‡¶‡Î Y
†Kv¤úvwb †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_
mv`„k¨c~Y©| ZvB ejv hvq, Y †Kv¤úvwb †nvwìs
†Kv¤úvwbi Aš—M©Z|
( DÏxc‡K X †Kv¤úvwb n‡jv mvewmwWqvwi
†Kv¤úvwb, eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi
†kqvi weµ‡qi wm×vš—wU †hŠw³K| A
mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb n‡jv †mB †Kv¤úvwb
†h †Kv¤úvwbi AwaKvsk †kqv‡ii gvwjKvbv, †fvU
`vb ¶gZv, †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y ¶gZv
Ab¨ †Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î
mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb‡K Aaxb¯’
†Kv¤úvwbI ejv nq|
DÏxc‡K X †Kv¤úvwb wZb eQi c~‡e© MwVZ n‡q
Zv‡`i e¨emvq Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q|
wKš‘ †Kv¤úvwbwU GLb ch©š— †Kv‡bv gybvdv
AR©b Ki‡Z bv cvivq †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjbv cl©`
wm×vš— wb‡q‡Q †Kv¤úvwbi 51% †kqvi weµq
K‡i w`‡e| wm×vš— †gvZv‡eK Y †Kv¤úvwbi
Kv‡Q †kqvi weµq K‡i †`q Ges †Kv¤úvwbi
cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿‡Yi fvi Y †Kv¤úvwbi Dci b¨¯—
K‡i|
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
†Kv¤úvwb hLb AbeiZ †jvKmvb Ki‡Z _v‡K ZLb
†Kv¤úvwb‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv
GKwU e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| DÏxc‡K X
cò
†Kv¤úvwbwUI ZvB Zv‡`i e¨emvq‡K wUwK‡q
ivLvi Rb¨ Y †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q AwaKvsk †kqvi
weµq K‡i †`q| Gi d‡j †Kv¤úvwbU we‡jvcmva‡bi
nvZ †_‡K i¶v cv‡e| ZvB ejv hvq, X †Kv¤úvwbi
†kqvi weµ‡qi wm×vš—wU m¤ú~Y© †hŠw³K|
((( Rbve Imgvb I 10 Rb e¨w³ wg‡j Kvh©vi‡¤¢i
AbygwZcÎ wb‡q h_vh_fv‡e GKwU †Kv¤úvwb
e¨emvq ïi“ K‡ib| Rbve Imgvb †Kv¤úvwbi evwl©K
mvaviY mfvq cwiPvjK wbhy³ n‡q wewfbœ mfvq
AskMÖnY K‡ib| wKš‘ nVvr K‡i Amy¯’ n‡q covq
wZwb Ggb †kqv‡i wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvb †hLv‡b
wbw`©ó nv‡i me©v‡MÖ jf¨vsk cvIqv hv‡e Ges
†Kv‡bv ai‡bi †jvKmvbI enb Ki‡Z n‡e bv|
[Rvjvjvev` K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, wm‡jU]
A K. mb`cÖvß †Kv¤úvwb Kx? 1 AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi DËg| KviY mvaviY
A L. †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg e¨w³ mËv ej‡Z Kx
†evSvq?
A M. Rbve Imgvb †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi µq K‡i‡Qb?
e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A N. cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wg. Imgvb M„nxZ
wm×v‡š—i †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4 AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi µ‡qi wm×vš— wb‡q‡Qb Zv
35 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †`‡ki AvBbmfv, msm` ev †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui we‡kl
Aa¨v‡`k e‡j MwVZ I wbqwš¿Z †Kv¤úvwb‡K
mb`cÖvß †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| A
( e¨w³ bv n‡qI †Kv‡bv wKQy e¨w³i b¨vq gh©v`v I
AwaKvi jvf Kiv‡K K…wÎg e¨w³mËv e‡j| A
†Kv¤úvwb‡K Zvi gvwjK ev †kqvi‡nvìvi †_‡K
m¤ú~Y© c„_K mËv wn‡m‡e †`Lv hvq| hvi d‡j
Giƒc msMVb e¨w³ bv n‡qI wbR bv‡g A‡b¨i mv‡_
Pzw³ m¤úv`b, †jb‡`b Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b gvgjv
†gvKÏgv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKBfv‡e Ab¨ivI
†Kv¤úvwbi wei“‡× gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK
†Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìviivI †Kv¤úvwbi wei“‡×
gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨B †Kv¤úvwb K…wÎg
e¨w³mËvi AwaKvix ejv n‡q _v‡K|
( Rbve Imgvb mvaviY †kqvi µq K‡i‡Qb| B
mvaviY †kqv‡ii gvwjKMY AwaKvsk `vwqZ¡ I
KZ©‡e¨i w`K wePv‡i mwVK myweav I gh©v`v
†fvM K‡ib| Z‡e G ai‡bi †kqvi‡nvìviiv jf¨vsk eȇb
Ges we‡jvcmvabKv‡j g~jab †kqvi AMÖvwaKvi cvb
bv|
DÏxc‡K Rbve Imgvb I 10 Rb e¨w³ wg‡j Kvh©vi‡¤
¢i AbygwZcÎ wb‡q h_vh_fv‡e GKwU †Kv¤úvwb
e¨emvq ïi“ K‡ib| G‡`i g‡a¨ Rbve Imgvb
†Kv¤úvwbi evwl©K mvaviY mevi cwiPvjK wbhy³
n‡q‡Qb| Zvi †bZ…‡Z¡i gva¨‡gB †Kv¤úvwb‡Z
wewfbœ ai‡bi mfv AbywôZ nq| mvaviY
†kqvi‡nvìviivB †Kv¤úvwbi mfvq AskMÖnY Kivi
Ges cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| ZvB ejv hvq, Rbve
Imgvb mvaviY †kqvi µq K‡i‡Qb|
( cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wg. Imgvb
AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi µ‡qi wm×vš— wb‡q‡Qb, hv
m¤ú~Y© †hŠw³K| B
AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi gvwjKMY e¨emv‡qi jf¨vsk
eȇbi †¶‡Î Ges e¨emv‡qi we‡jvcmva‡bi mgq
Zv‡`i g~jab †diZ cvevi †¶‡Î mevi Av‡M
AMÖvwaKvi jvf K‡i| Giv g~jZ †Kv¤úvwbi
wewb‡qvMKvix ev cvIbv`vi|
DÏxc‡K Rbve Imgvb I 10 Rb e¨w³ wg‡j GKwU
†Kv¤úvwb e¨emvq ïi“ K‡ib| G‡`i g‡a¨ Rbve Imgvb
†Kv¤úvwbi evwl©K mvaviY mfvi cwiPvjK
wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nb| wKš‘ nVvr K‡i wZwb Amy¯’
n‡q covq Ggb †kqvi wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvb †hLv‡b
wZwb wbw`©ó nv‡i jf¨vsk cv‡eb| Avi Zv‡K
†Kv‡bv †jvKmvbI enb Ki‡Z n‡e bv|
†h mKj †kqvi‡nvìvi wbw`©ó nv‡i Ges me
†kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i c~‡e© jf¨vsk †c‡Z Pvq Zv‡`i Rb¨
†kqvi‡nvìviiv AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i c‡i
2 jf¨vsk cvq Ges †Kv¤úvwbi †jvKmv‡bi Rb¨
Zv‡`i‡KI †jvKmv‡bi `vq enb Ki‡Z nq, hv
3 AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i Ki‡Z nq bv| ZvB
eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Rbve Imgvb †h
m¤ú~Y© †hŠw³K|
((( wg. nvmvb I Zvi cuvP eÜy wg‡j GKwU
†U·UvBj wgj ¯’vcb K‡ib| Zv‡`i Aby‡gvw`Z
g~ja‡bi cwigvY 20 †KvwU UvKv Zv‡`i my`¶
e¨e¯’vcbvq cÖwZôvbwU jvfRbK nIqvq Zviv Zv
m¤úÖmvi‡Yi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡i| e¨vsK FY
MÖn‡Yi Amyweavi K_v wPš—v K‡i Zviv
eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK 103
Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ ( DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwUi †kqvi weµ‡qi
g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×vš— †bq| [wm‡jU miKvwi K‡jR] gva¨‡g g~jab mieiv‡ni Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwbi
A K. ‡kqvi Kx? 1 MVbZ‡š¿ cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e| A
A L. †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg e¨w³ mËv ej‡Z Kx cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb wbeÜbcÎ cvIqvi
†evSvq? 2 ciciB KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ G ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb
A M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi RbM‡Yi wbKU †kqvi weµq K‡i mb`cÎ msMÖn
†Kv¤úvwb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Aciw`‡K cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW
A N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjwLZ cÖwZôvbwUi †Kv¤úvwb‡K wbeÜbcÎ msMÖ‡ni ci Kvh©vi‡¤¢i
Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU †kqvi weµ‡q KiYxq Kx AbygwZcÎ msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| G †Kv¤úvwbi
mycvwik K‡iv| 4 g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †kqvi weµq
36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi K‡i Zv msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i|
( †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi Aby‡gvw`Z †gvU †kqvi DÏxc‡K wg. nvmvb I Zuvi cuvPRb eÜy wg‡j
g~ja‡bi mgvb I ¶z`ª As‡ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU Ask‡KB GKwU †U·UvBj wgj ¯’vcb K‡ib| Zv‡`i my`¶
†kqvi e‡j| B e¨e¯’vcbvq cÖwZôvbwU jvfRbK n‡q I‡V| d‡j
Zviv Zv‡`i e¨emvqwU m¤úÖmvi‡Yi wm×vš—
D`vniY: †Kvbv †Kv¤úvwbi 1,00,000 UvKvi g~jab‡K †bq| G‡Z Zv‡`i A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Zviv
10,000 fv‡M fvM Ki‡j GK †KvwU fv‡Mi g~j¨ `uvov‡e 10
UvKv| g~ja‡bi G AskB †kqvi| RbM‡Yi wbKU †kqvi weµ‡qi gva¨‡g AwZwi³
g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×vš— †bq|
( e¨w³ bv n‡qI †Kv‡bv e¨w³i b¨vq gh©v`v I DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU m¤úÖmvi‡Yi j‡¶¨
AwaKvi jvf Kiv‡K K…wÎg e¨w³ mËv e‡j| A cÖwZôvbwUi †kqvi‡nvìviMY RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q
†Kv¤úvwb‡K Zvi gvwjK ev †kqvi‡nvìvi †_‡K †kqvi weµ‡qi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×vš—
m¤ú~Y© c„_K mËv wn‡m‡e †`Lv nq| hvi d‡j †bq| wKš‘ cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb

eÅemvq msMVb 1g
Giƒc mvaviY e¨w³ bv n‡qI wbR bv‡g A‡b¨i mv‡_ RbM‡Yi wbKU †kqvi weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| A_P
Pzw³ m¤úv`b, †jb‡`b Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b gvgjv- cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb RbM‡Yi wbKU
†gvKÏgv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKBfv‡e Ab¨ivI Aev‡a †kqvi weµq K‡i g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i|

cò
†Kv¤úvwbi wei“‡× gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K cÖwZôvbwUi †kqvi weµq
†Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìviI †Kv¤úvwbi wei“‡× Ki‡Z n‡j cÖwZôvbwU‡K cÖvB‡fU †_‡K cvewjK
gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨B †Kv¤úvwb‡K K…wÎg wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvš—i Ki‡Z n‡e|
e¨w³mËvi AwaKvix ejv nq|
( DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU n‡jv cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW ((( cÖexi Zvi 5 Rb eÜy wg‡j `y» Lvgvi cÖwZôv
†Kv¤úvwbi Aš—M©Z| A Ki‡jv| wKQyw`b ci Zuviv †`L‡jb †h, we‡`k †_‡K
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v hw` `ya cÖwµqvKiY hš¿ Avg`vwb Kiv hvq Z‡e
me©wbæ 2 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P 50 R‡b mxgve× gybvdvi cwigvY D‡jL‡hvM¨ cwigvY evo‡e| wKš‘
_v‡K| G †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi Aev‡a n¯—vš— GRb¨ †h cwigvY A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb Zv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q
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†Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi µq Ki‡Z cv‡i| m`m¨ msL¨v I cÖexiiv †f‡e †`L‡jb †`‡ki RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K
g~jab mxwgZ _vKvi Kvi‡Y GB †Kv¤úvwb ch©vß A_© msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e| GRb¨ Aek¨ Zv‡`i
Zzjbvg~jK ¶z`ª AvqZ‡bi n‡q _v‡K| bZzb K‡i wKQy `wjjcÎvw` cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e|
[miKvwi my›`ieb Av`k© K‡jR, Lyjbv]
DÏxc‡K wg nvmvb I Zvi cuvP eÜy wg‡j K…wÎg A K. cY¨ Kv‡K e‡j? 1
mËvwewkó GKwU †U·UvBj wgj ¯’vcb K‡ib| A L. e¨emvq cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
Zv‡`i e¨vemv‡qi GKwU Aby‡gvw`Z g~ja‡bi A M. Dc‡ii DÏxc‡K cÖexi I Zvi eÜyiv †Kvb ai‡bi
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RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †kqvi weµq K‡i g~jab msMÖn A N. cÖexi I Zvi eÜyiv wg‡j Kxfv‡e A_©
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Zv‡`i e¨emv‡qi g~ja‡bi cwigvY msMÖ‡ni K_v fve‡Qb? GRb¨ Zv‡`i KiYxq
Kg nq| GQvovI DÏxc‡Ki †Kv¤úvwbi †gvU m`m¨ Kx Kx? 4
msL¨v 6 Rb nIqvq †Kv¤úvwbwUi mv‡_ cÖvB‡fU 37 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi wgj cvIqv hvq| ZvB ejv ( †hme `„k¨gvb e¯‘ gvby‡li Afve c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i
hvq, DÏxc‡Ki †Kv¤úvwbwU n‡jv cÖvB‡fU Zv‡K cY¨ e‡j| A
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| ( e¨emv‡qi Ici cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e cÖfve we¯—
viKvix Dcv`v‡bi mgš^q n‡jv e¨emvq cwi‡ek| B
 104 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
e¨emv‡qi cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ †hgb A‡bK GLb gvi“d Kw¤úDUvi I B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM wb‡q
welq Av‡Q hv e¨emvq MVb I cwiPvjbvq mivmwi evwo‡Z e‡mB A‡bK DcvR©b K‡i| [miKvwi my›`ieb
ev c‡iv¶fv‡e AbyK‚j e‡j we‡ewPZ nq| Avevi Ggb Av`k© K‡jR, Lyjbv]
A‡bK welq Av‡Q hv e¨emvq MVb I cwiPvjbvq A K. ‡c‡U›U Kv‡K e‡j? 1
evavi m„wó K‡i| Gme AbyK‚j I cÖwZK‚j A L. mvgvwRK e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
Dcv`v‡bi mgš^q n‡jv e¨emvq cwi‡ek| A M. DÏxc‡Ki gvi“d Kx Dcv‡q DcvR©b K‡i‡Q?
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†Kv¤úvwb MVb K‡i‡Qb| B
n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 4
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38 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
†Kv¤úvwb MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq| G msMV‡bi
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g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z Pv‡”Q| ZvB GwU Aek¨B e‡j| B
†Kv¤úvwb msMVb| Avevi G‡Z eZ©gvb m`m¨ Giƒc e¨emv‡qi AwR©Z gybvdv n‡Z Gi
msL¨v n‡jv gvÎ 6 Rb| Avi cvewjK wjwg‡UW D‡`¨v³vMY †Kv‡bv jf¨vsk †bb bv| Zviv ïay Zv‡`i
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cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡U‡Wi †¶‡Î Kgc‡¶ 2 Rb m`m¨ †bv‡ej weRqx cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` BDb~m G
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eÅemvq msMVb 1g

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( DÏxc‡K cÖexi I Zvi eÜyiv wg‡j †kqvi weµ‡qi DcvR©b Ki‡Q| A
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cò

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msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ ev bZzb cÖK‡íi A_©vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi c‡¶ me KvR wb‡Ri e¨e¯’vcbvi
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weµ‡qi gva¨‡g †Kv¤úvwb `xN©‡gqv‡` ev ¯’vqx ZvB cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡ii KvD‡K w`‡q wKQy KvR
wfwˇZ A‡_©i ev g~ja‡bi †hvMvb w`‡Z cv‡i| Kiv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| GB c×wZB
DÏxc‡K cÖexi I Zvi eÜyiv GKwU `y» Lvgvi AvDU‡mvwm©s bv‡g cwiwPZ|
cÖwZôv K‡i| bZzb hš¿ µ‡qi Rb¨ Zv‡`i cÖPzi DÏxc‡Ki gvi“d PvKwi I e¨emv‡q e¨_© nq| AZtci
A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb| GB A_© Zv‡`i Kv‡QI †bB, Kw¤úDUvi cÖwk¶Y wb‡q Kw¤úDUvi I
e¨vsKI w`‡Z ivwR bq| Z‡e Zviv fve‡Q RbM‡Yi B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM wb‡q evwo‡Z e‡mB A‡bK
wbKU n‡ZB Zviv GB A_© msMÖn Ki‡e| A_©vr DcvR©b Ki‡Q| ZvB †`Lv hvq, gvi“d †Kv‡bv
Zviv †kqvi weµ‡qi gva¨‡g A_©ms¯’vb Ki‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi wbqwgZ ev wb‡qvMcÖvß Kg©x bq|
Pv‡”Q| †m Pzw³i wfwˇZ Ab¨ cÖwZôv‡bi KvR K‡i A_©
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wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb ZvB Zv‡`i‡K cÖ_‡g G‡K mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| ZvB Zvi DcvR©‡bi cš’v‡K
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvš—i Ki‡Z AvDU‡mvwm©s e‡j MY¨ Kiv hvq|
n‡e| GRb¨ Zv‡`i ¯§viKwjwc I cwi‡gj wbqgvewj ( DÏxc‡K gvi“d Zvi e¨w³MZ mvd‡j¨i gva¨‡g †eKvi
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n‡e| AZtci wbe܇bi Aby‡gv`b mv‡c‡¶ bZzb †kqviGRb¨ †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi Øvi¯’ nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb
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Gmgq †m Zvi eo fvB‡qi civgk© †gvZv‡eK nq| GK mgq †m Kw¤úDUv‡ii Ici cÖwk¶Y wb‡q `¶
Kw¤úDUv‡ii †ek K‡qKwU †Kvm© mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ n‡q I‡V| eZ©gv‡b †m Kw¤úDUvi I B›Uvi‡bU
m¤úbœ K‡i Ges †m¸‡jvi Ici †m †ek `¶ n‡q D‡V| ms‡hvM wb‡q evwo‡Z e‡mB A‡bK A_© DcvR©b
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Ki‡Q| Zvi A_© DcvR©‡bi G c×wZ‡K ZvB ejv hvq, Zv‡`i MwVZ cÖwZôvbwU n‡jv
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cv‡i| Zvi cÖ_g mg‡qi g‡Zv j¶ j¶ hyeK PvKwii Rb¨ cwiPq n‡e †Kv¤úvwbi D‡`¨v³v| B
nb¨ n‡q Ny‡i †eov‡”Q| A‡b‡K Avevi e¨emv‡i †Kv¤úvwbi D‡`¨v³v ev D‡`¨v³v cwiPvjK
†Póv K‡iI e¨_© n‡”Q| Zviv hw` gvi“‡di g‡Zv †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib Ges
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mn‡RB Zv‡`i m”QjZv Avm‡Z cv‡i| KvMRcÎ cÖYqb K‡ib Ges hveZxq AvbyôvwbKZv
cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb|
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DÏxc‡Ki gbv, eyjy, UzKz I Rq wg‡j GKwU
ˆZwii KviLvbv ¯’vc‡bi K_v fve‡Q| GB e¨emv‡q
KviLvbv ¯’vcb Kivi K_v fve‡Q| RbM‡Yi wbKU
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n‡Z A_© msMÖn K‡i Gi g~ja‡bi †hvMvb †`Iqvi
Rbmvavi‡Yi KvQ †_‡K A_© msMÖ‡ni cwiKíbv
wPš—v Zviv Ki‡Q| GRb¨ Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq
Zviv Ki‡Q| GRb¨ Zv‡`i A‡bK AvBwb c`‡¶c I
AvBwb c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Q| †h‡nZz †Kv¤úvwb
Ab¨vb¨ KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡”Q| [miKvwi my›`ieb
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[MvRxcyi wmwU K‡jR]
GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© `wjj| G‡Z †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbv
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1963 mv‡j ivóªxq GK Aa¨v‡`k e‡j GB cÖwZôvb
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weeiYcÎ e‡j|
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cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ Giƒc cÎ Bmy¨
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wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb e¨emv‡qi KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z

cvi‡e bv|
( mvaviY †Kv¤úvwb e¨emv‡qi mv‡_ cÖ¯—vweZ ( DÏxc‡K Rbve kvn Avjg AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi µq
miKvwi †Kv¤úvwb e¨emv‡qi gvwjKvbvMZ I K‡i‡Qb| A
D‡Ïk¨MZ g~j cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb| A
cò

†kqv‡ii gvwjKMY e¨emv‡qi jf¨vsk eȇbi Ges

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb AvBbm„ó cÖwZôvb| GwU e¨emvi we‡jvcmva‡bi mgq Zv‡`i g~jab †diZ cvevi
†Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z †¶‡Î mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i †P‡q AMÖvwaKvi
nq| mvaviY †kqvi µ‡qi gva¨‡g †h †KD †Kv¤úvwbi †c‡q _v‡Kb| †kqv‡ii gvwjKMY †Kv¤úvwbi
gvwjK n‡Z cv‡i| Avi miKvwi †Kv¤úvwbi †ewki mvaviY welqmg~‡ni e¨vcv‡i †fvU w`‡Z cv‡ib bv|
fvM †kqvi miKv‡ii nv‡Z _v‡K| ZvB Gi cwiPvjbv I DÏxc‡Ki Rbve kvn Avjg Zvi Rgv‡bv A_© w`‡q
wbqš¿‡Yi ¶gZvI miKv‡ii Kv‡Q _v‡K| GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi µq K‡ib| Zvi µqK…Z
DÏxc‡K, wg. nvwee miKv‡i Kv‡Q GKwU bZzb †kqv‡ii gvwjKMY Ab¨ †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i Av‡MB
e¨emv‡qi g‡Wj Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| GLv‡b ¯^í e¨‡q I jf¨vsk cvb| †Kv¤úvwb wejywßi †¶‡Î Giv Ab¨‡`i
mn‡R B›Uvi‡bU myweavi Rb¨ GKwU miKvwi Av‡MB g~jab †diZ cv‡eb| Z‡e Zviv †Kv¤úvwb‡Z
†Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi cÖ¯—ve †`b| †fvU w`‡Z ev wm×vš— MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
mvaviY †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbv K‡i †Kv¤úvwbi Gme ˆewkó¨ AMÖvwaKvi †kqv‡ii †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
cwiPvjK ev †kqvi‡nvìviiv| Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv ZvB ejv hvq, wZwb AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi µq
gybvdv AR©b| Avi miKvwi †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbv I Ki‡Qb|
wbqš¿Y K‡i miKvi| †hLv‡b G †Kv¤úvwb ( mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìvi †Kv¤úvwbi wm×vš— MÖnY
RbKj¨v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ KvR K‡i| GQvov GK‡PwUqv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| B
e¨emvqI †iva K‡i| myZivs mvaviY †Kv¤úvwbi †Kv¤úvwbi jf¨vsk eȇbi †¶‡Î G †kqv‡ii gvwjKMY
mv‡_ DÏxc‡K cÖ¯—vweZ †Kv¤úvwbwUi Gme AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi gvwjK‡`i c‡i jf¨vsk cvevi
cv_©K¨ j¶Yxq| AwaKvix nb| †Kv¤úvwbi we‡jv‡ci †¶‡ÎI Zv‡`i ciB
Zviv g~jab †diZ cv‡eb| mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìvi ej‡Z
((( Rbve kvn Avjg cÖvq 10 eQi PvKwi Kivi ci Giƒc †kqvi gvwjK‡`i‡KB †evSvq| Giv †Kv¤úvwbi
e¨vs‡K 5 j¶ UvKv Rgv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb G A_© mvaviY mfvq †fvUvwaKvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i|
w`‡q GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi Ggb †kqvi µq K‡ib hvi ZvB ejv hvq, †Kv¤úvwbi †Kv‡bv wel‡q wm×vš—
Rb¨ Ab¨ †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i †P‡q Av‡MB jf¨vsk cvb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib †Kej mvaviY
Ges †Kv¤úvwb wejywßi ciI †kqvi g~j¨ †diZ cv‡eb| †kqvi‡nvìviMYB| Avi Zviv mvaviY mfvq
Z‡e wZwb †Kv¤úvwb‡Z †Kv‡bv †fvUvwaKvi †Kv¤úvwb mswkó wel‡q gZvgZ cÖ`vb GgbwK
cÖ‡qvM I wm×vš— MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| cwiPvjK c‡` cÖv_©xI n‡Z cv‡ib|
[miKvwi Bqvwmb K‡jR, dwi`cyi]
eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
((( Rbve †ZŠwmd wMÖb G‡MÖv †Kv¤úvwbi
cwiPvjK| cÖ_g K‡qK eQi gybvdv Ki‡jI eZ©gv‡b
wMÖb G‡MÖv wj. †jvKmvb w`‡q Avm‡Q| A‡bK
†Póv K‡iI wZwb cÖwZôvbwU‡K jvfRbK Ae¯’vq
wdwi‡q wb‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| wZwb Zvi
cÖwZôv‡bi 60% †kqvi †Wëv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q
†Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb| mv‡_ mv‡_ wMÖb G‡MÖv
†Kv¤úvwbi †fvU`v‡bi ¶gZv Ges cwiPvjbv ¶gZvI
†Wëv †Kv¤úvwb‡K w`‡q‡Qb| [Kvw`ivev`
K¨v›Ub‡g›U m¨vcvi K‡jR, bv‡Uvi]
A K. ¯§viKwjwc Kx?
A L. Ôwewae× †Kv¤úvwbi D‡Ïk¨
RbKj¨vYKiÕe¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A M. DÏxc‡Ki eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wMÖb
G‡MÖv †Kv¤úvwbi aib e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A N. wMÖb G‡MÖv †Kv¤úvbxi 60% †kqvi
†Q‡o †`Iqvi †hŠw³KZv Zz‡j a‡iv|
42 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †h `wj‡j †Kv¤úvwbi bvg, wVKvbv, D‡Ïk¨, g~jab,
†kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i `vq, m¤§wZ BZ¨vw` welq wjwceä
_v‡K Zv‡K ¯§iKwjwc e‡j| A
( †`‡ki AvBbmfvq wej cvm ev ivóªcwZi we‡kl
Aa¨v‡`k e‡j MwVZ I wbqwš¿Z †Kv¤úvwb‡K
wewae× †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| A
wewae× †Kv¤úvwbi D‡Ïk¨ RbKj¨vYKi| GB me
†Kv¤úvwbi gva¨‡g †`‡ki RvZxq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© A_©
‰bwZK I RbKj¨vYg~jK KvR Kiv nq| evsjv‡`k
e¨vsK, Iqvmv, evsjv‡`k wegvb wewae×
†Kv¤úvwbi D`vniY|
( Rbve †ZŠwmd Gi wMÖb G‡MÖv †Kv¤úvwbwU
GKwU mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb| A
Giƒc †Kv¤úvwbi 50% Gi †ewk †kqvi I †fvU`vb
¶gZv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b _v‡K|
msL¨vMwiô cwiPvjK wb‡qv‡Mi ¶gZvI Ab¨
†Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b _v‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki wMÖb G‡MÖv †Kv¤úvwbwU cÖ_g K‡qK
eQi gybvdv K‡i| Gici †_‡K †Kv¤úvwbwUi ¶wZ
n‡”Q| A‡bK †Póvi ciI Rbve †ZŠwmd Zvi
cÖwZôvbwU‡K Av‡Mi Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q wb‡q †h‡Z
cv‡ibwb| ZvB †Wëv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q 60% †kqvi
†Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb| †fvU `v‡bi ¶gZv Ges cwiPvjbv
¶gZvI w`‡q w`‡q‡Qb| DcwiD³ KvR¸‡jvi aib
mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwbi ˆewk‡ó¨i mv‡_ wg‡j
hvq| ZvB wMÖb G‡MÖvi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v
mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i|
( wMÖb G‡MÖv †Kv¤úvwbi eQ‡ii ci eQi
†jvKmv‡bi fvi enb Kivi †P‡q 60% †kqvi †Q‡o
†`Iqv †hŠw³K e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| A
†Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb hLb Zvi A‡a©‡Ki †ewk †kqvi
ev †fvU †`Iqvi ¶gZv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb‡K
w`‡q w`‡q Zv mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb n‡q
hvq| wbqš¿K †Kv¤úvwb‡K †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb e‡j|
107
DÏxc‡K wMÖb G‡MÖv †Kv¤úvwbwUi cwiPvjK
Rbve †ZŠwmd| wZwb cÖ_‡g Zvi
†Kv¤úvwbwU‡Z gybvdvi gyL †`L‡jI eZ©gv‡b
GwU ¶wZi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q| wZwb A‡bK †Póv
K‡i‡Qb ¶wZ †_‡K †ei n‡q Avmvi Rb¨| wKš‘,
e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| ZvB wZwb wm×vš— †bb †h 60%
†kqvi †Wëv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q †Q‡o †`‡eb| G‡¶‡Î
†Wëv †Kv¤úvwb wMÖb G‡MÖv †Kv¤úvwbi
†nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb|
1 †Kv¤úvwbi e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg Pvjv‡Z wM‡q
gvwjK ev cwiPvjKMY wewfbœ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb
2 n‡Z cv‡ib| G‡Z †Kv¤úvwbwU †jvKmv‡bi
gy‡LvgywL nq| GB Ae¯’v †ewk w`b Pj‡Z _vK‡j
3 †Kv¤úvwbwU wUK‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB ZLb Ab¨
†Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q GwUi AwaKvsk
4 †kqv‡ii gvwjKvbv, †fvU`vb ¶gZv Ges cwiPvjbv I
wbš¿‡Yi ¶gZv †Q‡o †`Iqv nq| G‡Z †mB
†Kv¤úvwbwU cy‡ivcywi we‡jvc ev ¶wZi nvZ
†_‡K i¶v cvq| Rbve †ZŠwmd Zvi wMÖb G‡MÖv
†Kv¤úvwbi Rb¨ GB wm×vš—wUB MÖnY K‡ib|
G‡¶‡Î †Wëv †Kv¤úvwb‡K wZwb evQvB K‡ib|
GwU †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwbi `vwq‡Z¡ Av‡Q| Gi
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
gva¨‡g Rbve †ZŠwmd-Gi †Kv¤úvwbwU Pjgvb
¶wZi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq| ZvB wMÖb G‡MÖv
†Kv¤úvwbi 60% †kqvi †Q‡o †`Iqv m¤ú~Y©
cò
hyw³hy³|
((( Rbve kvwKj Avn‡g` I K‡qKRb D‡`¨v³v wg‡j
GKwU †Kv¤úvwb MVb K‡ib| †Kv¤úvwb
wbewÜZ Kivi ciciB Zviv ¯^vfvweK Kvh©µg ïi“
K‡ib| Aciw`‡K Rbve †bvgvb †PŠayix I Kvgvj
Avn‡g`mn AviI K‡qKRb D‡`¨v³v wg‡j Avi
GKwU †Kv¤úvwb MVb K‡ib| wKš‘ Zviv h_vixwZ
wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn Ki‡jI †Kv¤úvwbi Kvh©µg ïi“
Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
[Avn¤§`& DwÏb kvn& wkï wb‡KZb ¯‹zj I K‡jR, MvBevÜv ]
A K. †Kv¤úvwb msMVb Kx? 1
A L. †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi K…wÎg mËv ej‡Z
Kx eySvq? 2
A M. DÏxc‡Ki Rbve †bvgvb †PŠayix Zv‡`i
†Kv¤úvwb h_vixwZ wbeÜb Kivi ciI
Kvh©µg ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb †Kb? e¨vL¨v
K‡iv| 3
A N. DÏxc‡Ki Rbve kvwKj Avn‡¤§‡`i
†Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ Rbve †bvgvb †PŠayixi
†Kv¤úvwbi MVbMZ wfbœZv i‡q‡Q-
we‡klY K‡iv| 4
43 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( †Kv¤úvwb AvBb Øviv m„ó, cwiPvwjZ, wPiš—b
Aw¯—Z¡m¤úbœ I K…wÎg e¨w³mË¡vi AwaKvix
msMVb‡K †Kv¤úvwb msMVb e‡j| A
 108 eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
( †h mËv ev Aw¯—Z¡ e‡j †Kv¤úvwb wbR bv‡g
MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg
mËv e‡j| A
K…wÎg mËvi R‡b¨ †Kv¤úvwb‡K gvwjK n‡Z
Avjv`v we‡ePbv Kiv nq| †Kv¤úvwb wbR bv‡g
Pzw³, †jb‡`b I AvB‡bi mnvqZv wb‡Z cv‡i|
†Kv¤úvwb e¨w³ bv n‡qI wbR bv‡g MwVZ I
cwiPvwjZ n‡Z cv‡i e‡j G‡K K…wÎg e¨w³ mËvi
AwaKvix ejv nq|
( DÏxc‡Ki Rbve †bvgvb †PŠayix Kvh©viv‡¤¢i
AbygwZcÎ msMÖn bv Kivq Kvh©µg ïi“ Ki‡Z
cv‡ib wb| A
Kvh©viv‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ ej‡Z †h c‡Îi gva¨‡g
wbeÜK †Kv¤úvwb‡K KvR ïi“i AbygwZ w`‡q
_v‡K, Zv‡K †evSvq| †Kv¤úvwb wbeÜb nIqvi ci
ciB KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î cvewjK wj.
†Kv¤úvwb‡K KvR ïi“i Rb¨ wbeÜK n‡Z AbygwZ
wb‡Z nq| ZvQvov KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
DÏxc‡Ki Rbve †bvgvb †PŠayix I Kvgvj Avn‡g`mn
AviI K‡qKRb D‡`¨v³v wg‡j GKwU †Kv¤úvwb
MVb K‡ib| Zviv wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn K‡ib| wKš‘
Kvh©µg ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| KviY, Zviv
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
Kvh©viv‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ msMÖn K‡ib wb|
cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi †¶‡Î wbe܇bi KvR ïi“i
R‡b¨ AbygwZ wb‡Z nq| Rbve †bvgvb †PŠayix I
cò
Kvgvj Avn‡g‡`i †Kv¤úvwbwU cvewjK wj. nIqvq
KvR ïi“i R‡b¨ AbygwZ cÖ‡qvRb| GwU bv †bIqvq
Zviv KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb|
( Rbve kvwKj Avn‡¤§‡`i †Kv¤úvwb n‡jv
cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb Ges Rbve †bvgvb
†PŠayixi †Kv¤úvwb cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb Zv‡`i Df‡qi †Kv¤úvwbi MVbMZ
wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| A
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v
me©wbæ 7 n‡Z m‡e©v”P †kqvi msL¨v Øviv
mxgveä| G †Kv¤úvwb †kqvi Bmy¨ I n¯—vš—i
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwbi
m`m¨ msL¨v me©wbæ 2 n‡Z m‡e©v”P 50 Rb|
†Kv¤úvwb †kqvi Bmy¨ I n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
DÏxc‡Ki Rbve kvwKj Avn‡¤§` I K‡qKRb D‡`¨v³v
wg‡j †Kv¤úvwb MVb K‡ib| †Kv¤úvwb wbeÜb
K‡ib| wbe܇bi ci ciB KvR ïi“ K‡ib| Aci w`‡K
Rbve †bvgvb †PŠayix I Kvgvjmn AviI K‡qKRb
D‡`¨v³v wg‡j Ab¨ GKwU †Kv¤úvwb MVb K‡ib|
ZvivI wbeÜb K‡ib| wKš‘ wbe܇bi ciciB kvwKj
Avn‡¤§‡`i †Kv¤úvwbi g‡Zv KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡ib
wb| KviY Zv‡`i Df‡qi †Kv¤úvwbi MVbMZ
wfbœZv i‡q‡Q|
cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb wbe܇bi ciciB KvR ïi“
Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv, hv
Rbve kvwK‡ji †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Ri mv‡_ wg‡j cvq|
Ab¨w`‡K, cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi †¶‡Î †Kv¤úvwb
wbeÜb Ki‡Z nq| wbeÜb K‡i KvR ïi“i Rb¨ AbygwZ
wb‡Z nq| ZvQvov KvR ïi“ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GwU
Rbve †bvgvb †PŠayixi †Kv¤úvwbi Ae¯’vi mv‡_
wg‡j hvq|
myZivs, Rbve kvwKj Avn‡¤§‡`i †Kv¤úvwbwU
GKwU cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb| Ab¨w`‡K Rbve
†bvgvb †PŠayixi †Kv¤úvwbwU GKwU cvewjK
wj. †Kv¤úvwb| Zv‡`i Df‡qi †Kv¤úvwb wfbœ
nIqvq D³ cwiw¯’wZ m„wó n‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq
†h, Rbve kvwKj I Rbve †bvgvb †PŠayixi
†Kv¤úvwbi MVbMZ wfbœZv i‡q‡Q|
((( bxj‡¶‡Zi 7 Rb D‡`¨v³v wg‡j GKwU †Kv¤úvwb
cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zviv †Kv¤úvwbwUi bvg w`‡jb
bxj‡¶Z ¯‹qvi| bxj‡¶Z ¯‹qvi g~jab msMÖ‡ni Rb¨
†kqvi weµ‡qi wm×vš— wbj| †Kv¤úvwbi weeiYcÎ
cÖKvwkZ n‡j RbMY †kqvi µ‡q DØy× n‡jv| e„nr
g~jab MVb K‡i cÖwZôvbwU we¯—…Z Kvh©µg
ïi“ Ki‡jv|
[VvKziMuvI miKvwi gwnjv K‡jR]
A K. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb KZ cÖKvi? 1
A L. †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
A M. bxj‡¶Z ¯‹qvi †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb?
eY©bv K‡iv| 3
A N. bxj‡¶Z ¯‹qv‡ii †kqvi weµq wm×vš— KZUv
†hŠw³K e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? 4
44 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Pvi cÖKvi| A
Pvi cÖKvi cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb n‡jv 1.
miKvwi †Kv¤úvwb 2. †emiKvwi †Kv¤úvwb 3. †nvwìs
†Kv¤úvwb 4. mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb|
( †h †Kv¤úvwb Ab¨ GK ev GKvwaK †Kv‡bv
†Kv¤úvwbi me A_ev 50% Gi †ewk †kqvi µq K‡i
Zvi cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi jvf K‡i, Zv‡K
†nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| B
Giƒc †Kv¤úvwb Aci †Kv¤úvwbmg~‡ni †kqvi
g~ja‡bi A‡a©‡Ki †ewk aviY K‡i| GwU A‡a©‡Ki
†ewk †fvU`vb ¶gZv †fvM K‡i| G ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb
cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e AwaKvsk cwiPvjK wb‡qvM
Kivi ¶gZvi AwaKvix nq| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯‹qvi MÖ“c,
†ew·g‡Kv MÖ“c G‡`i g~j †Kv¤úvwb G ai‡bi
†Kv¤úvwb wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ|
( bxj‡¶Z ¯‹qvi GKwU cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb| A
Kgc‡¶ mvZ Rb Ges m‡e©v”P †kqvi msL¨v Øviv
mxwgZ †h‡Kv‡bv msL¨K m`m¨ wb‡q cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MwVZ nq| Giƒc †Kv¤úvwb
RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †kqvi I FYcÎ weµ‡qi Avgš¿Y
Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| Gi †kqvi¸‡jv Aev‡a n¯—vš—
i‡hvM¨| A
DÏxc‡K bxj‡¶‡Zi K‡qKRb D‡`¨v³v wg‡j bxj‡¶Z
¯‹qvi bv‡gi GKwU †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZôv K‡ib| GB
†Kv¤úvwbi me©wbæ m`m¨ msL¨v mvZ Rb| G‡`i
mevi `vq †kqvi g~j¨ Øviv mxwgZ| D‡`¨vM
eÅemvq msMVb I eÅeÕ©vcbv: cÉ^g cò  evQvBK‡Z ˆmiv gvGbi cÉk² I Dîi: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK
MÖn‡Yi ci Zviv `wjjcÎ cÖYqb I wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn
K‡i|
cieZ©x‡Z †Kv¤úvwbwUi Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZ
msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| ZvB GB †kqvi µ‡qi
gva¨‡g RbMY‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ weeiYcÎ
ˆZwi K‡ib| DcwiD³ ˆewk󨸇jv cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwbi ˆewk‡ó¨i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| ZvB
ejv hvq, bxj‡¶Z ¯‹qvi cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb|
( bxj‡¶Z ¯‹qv‡ii †kqvi weµ‡qi wm×vš— †hŠw³K
e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb g~jZ g~jab MV‡bi
Rb¨B †kqvi weµq K‡i _v‡K| GRb¨ Zviv weeiYcÎ
ˆZwi I cÖKvk K‡i| G‡Z RbMY †kqvi µ‡q
AvMÖnx nq|
DÏxc‡K bxj‡¶Z ¯‹qvi GKwU cvewjK wjwg‡UW
†Kv¤úvwb| me©wbæ mvZ Rb D‡`¨v³v wg‡j GwU
MVb K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z Zviv †kqvi weµ‡qi wm×vš—
†bq| G‡Z K‡i Zviv AwaK g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z
cvi‡e †Kv¤úvwbi cÖmvi NU‡e|
cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi g~jab msMÖ‡ni
g~j DrmB n‡jv †kqvi I FYcÎ weµq|
wewb‡qvMKvixiv Zv‡`i †kqvi µ‡qi gva¨‡g
wewb‡qvwRZ g~ja‡b cwiYZ K‡i| GRb¨
†Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv †kqvi weµ‡qi Rb¨ RbmvaviY‡K
Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| Gi †kqvi¸‡jv Aev‡a n¯—vš—i
Kiv hvq| bxj‡¶Z ¯‹qvi †Kv¤úvwbwUI Zv‡`i g~jab
msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ †kqvi weµ‡qi wm×vš— †bq| GRb¨
Zviv weeiYcÎ cÖKvk K‡i| RbMY †kqvi µ‡q DØy×
n‡j G‡Z K‡i †Kv¤úvwbwU e„nr g~jab MVb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e| Zv‡`i Kvh©µg we¯—…Z n‡e| ZvB G
†Kv¤úvwbwUi †kqvi weµ‡qi wm×vš— †hŠ³K e‡j
Avwg g‡b Kwi|
((( bvwdm BKevj GKwU ¯^bvgab¨ †Kv¤úvwbi
†kqvi‡nvìvi| wZwb †h †kqvi µq K‡i‡Qb Zv‡Z
D‡jL Kiv Av‡Q †h, AvMvwg wZb A_©eQ‡i Zvi
†kqvi¸‡jv cwiewZ©Z n‡q mvaiY †kqv‡i iƒcvš—
wiZ n‡e| Zvi B”Qv 4-5 eQi ci wZwb cÖwZôv‡bi
¸i“Z¡c~Y© wKQz c‡` Avmxb n‡eb| GRb¨
†Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbvi wewaweavb m¤ú‡K© wZwb
wb‡R‡K mg„× K‡i‡Qb| [Rvjvjvev` K‡jR, wm‡jU]
A K. evwqs nvDm Kx?
A L. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi
weµ‡qi wbqgwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A M. bvwdm BKev‡ji †kqv‡ii aib e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
A N. bvwdm BKev‡ji cÖ‡PóvwU mdj n‡e?
†Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ K‡iv|
45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
( Avg`vwbKviK I Drcv`bKvixi gv‡S cY¨ mieiv‡ni
`vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ ga¨¯’Kvix I Kwgkb †fvMx
cÖwZôvb n‡jv evwqs nvDm| A
( cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb †kqvievRv‡ii ZvwjKvfz³
n‡q †kqvi weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i| A
109
G‡¶‡Î cÖwZôvb‡K †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi Aax‡b
wbeÜb Ki‡Z nq| wbe܇bi ci g~jab msMÖ‡ni Rb¨
weeiYcÎ cÖPvi Ki‡Z nq| †Kv¤úvwb †kqvievRv‡ii
ZvwjKvfz³ n‡q weeiYcÎ cÖPvi K‡i| G‡Z weeiYc‡Î
†kqv‡ii e¨vL¨v I g~j¨ D‡jL Ki‡Z nq| Gfv‡e cvewjK
wj. †Kv¤úvwb †kqvi weµq K‡i _v‡K|
( bvwdm BKev‡ji †kqvi¸‡jv ÔcwieZ©b‡hvM¨
AMÖwaKvi †kqvi|Õ A
GB †kqvi GKwU wbw`©ó mgq ch©š—
AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
mgq †k‡l GMy‡jv mvaviY †kqv‡i cwieZ©b Kiv
nq| G‡¶‡Î mvaviY †kqv‡i i“cvš—‡ii ci Avi
AMÖvwaKvi †kqv‡ii myweav †fvM Kiv hvq bv|
DÏxc‡K bvwdm BKevj GKwU ¯^bvgab¨
†Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìvi| wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi
µq K‡i‡Qb| †kqv‡ii Mv‡q D‡jL Av‡Q †h, wZb
A_©eQ‡i †kqvi¸‡jv mvaviY †kqv‡i i“cvš—wiZ
n‡e| bvwdm BKev‡ji †kqv‡ii ˆewkó¨
cwieZ©b‡hvM¨ AMÖvwaKvi †kqv‡ii mv‡_ wg‡j
hvq| ZvB ejv hvq, bvwdm BKev‡ji †kqvi¸‡jv
cwieZ©b‡hvM¨ AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi|
( †kqvi¸‡jv mvaviY †kqv‡i i“cvš—wiZ nIqvq
bvwdm BKev‡ji cÖ‡PóvwU mdj n‡e| A
mvaviY †kqv‡ii gvwj‡Ki `vwqZ¡, AwaKvi I
eÅemvq msMVb 1g
KZ©e¨ A‡bK †ewk _v‡K| GB †kqv‡ii gvwjKMY
AwaK myweav I gh©v`v †fvM K‡ib| cvkvcvwk
cÖwZôv‡bi `vq enb K‡ib mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìviiv
†Kv¤úvwbi wm×vš— MÖn‡Y Ask wb‡Z cv‡ib|
cò
DÏxc‡K bvwdm BKevj GKwU ¯^bvgab¨
†Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìvi| wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi
cwieZ©b‡hvM¨ AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi µq K‡ib|
†kqvi¸‡jv GKwU wbw`©ó mgq c‡i mvaviY
†kqv‡i cwiewZ©Z n‡e| Zvi B”Qv Pvi-cuvP eQi ci
wZwb cÖwZôv‡bi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c‡` Avmxb n‡eb|
GR‡b¨ †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbvi wewa-weavb
m¤ú‡K© wZwb wb‡R‡K mg„× K‡i‡Qb|
bvwdm BKev‡ji †kqvi mvaviY †kqv‡i iƒcvš—wiZ
n‡j Zvi B”Qv c~iY n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviY
†kqvigvwjKMY †Kv¤úvwbi `vwqZ¡ AwaKvi I
KZ…©Z¡ †fvM K‡i _v‡Kb| G‡`i †Kv¤úvwbi
wm×vš— MÖn‡Y gZvgZ †`Iqvi AwaKvi _v‡K,
mvaviY †kqvi‡nvìvi †fvU w`‡q cwiPvjK
wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| bvwdm BKevj PvB‡j
cwiPvjK n‡Z cv‡ib|wewfbœ K‡j‡Ri†kqvi‡nvìviMY
G‡Z Ab¨vb¨ wbe©vPwb cix¶vi
Aa¨vqwfwËK AviI cÖ‡kœvˇii Rb¨ wb‡Pi n‡j
I‡qe
1 Zv‡K †fvU w`‡q wbe©vPb Ki‡e| wbe©vwPZ
†Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjbvq A¨v‡WªmwU
wZwb wm×vš— wb‡Z UvBc K‡iv
panjeree.com/hsc/bo1mta17.pdf
2 cvi‡eb | G‡Z Zvi B”Qv c~iY n‡e| myZivs ejv hvq
†h, bvwdm BKev‡ji †kqvi mvaviY †kqv‡i iƒcvš—i
n‡j Zvi B”Qv c~iY n‡Z cv‡i|
4
wewfbœ K‡j‡Ri wbe©vPwb cix¶vi
Aa¨vqwfwËK AviI cÖ‡kœvˇii Rb¨ wb‡Pi I‡qe
A¨v‡WªmwU UvBc K‡iv
panjeree.com/hsc/bo1mta17.pdf