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Canine Parvovirus in Dogs: Annotated Bibliography

Megan Hamm
Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba
AGRI 2030: Technical Communications
Professor Kathleen Wilson
October 20th, 2023
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American Veterinary Medical Association. (2013, February). Canine parvovirus.

https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/canine-parvovirus

This article by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) was released in February
2013 and covers important facts due to Canine Parvovirus. The article covers the signs of
the virus, diagnosis and treatments for parvo, as well as how pet owners can prevent the
deadly disease. I am using this aritcle in my investigative report to back up my argument
that to stop the spread of Canine Parvovirus pet owners should keep themselves away from
other unvaccinated dogs if their pet is at high risk for catching Parvo. This article talks
specifically about how Parvo can live on surfaces (such as human skin) for an extended
period and that humans, although not affected by the virus, can spread it to animals.
Greenwood, N., Chalmers, W., Baxendale, W., & Thompson, H. (1995). Comparison of isolates

of canine parvovirus by restriction enzyme analysis, and vaccine efficacy against field

strains. The Veterinary record. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7725611/

This comparative study was released in January of 1995 in a peer-reviewed journal (National
Library of Medicine) and looked at isolated clinical cases of different strains of Canine
Parvovirus (CPV), those being CPV2, CPV2a and CPV2b and how vaccination of patients
affected the infection rate. Data from the USA, Germany and the UK was obtained and
found that dogs injected with a vaccine strain were more resistant to infection for the virus
than the unvaccinated dogs. I will use this article in my investigative report to show
evidence of the benefits of vaccination to eradicate diseases like CPV in dogs.
Hung, Dr. M. (2022, March 11). What you need to know about protecting dogs from Parvo. VMBS

News. https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/pet-talk/protecting-dogs-from-parvo/

This article released from Texas A&M University, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences (2021) explores the importance of protecting dogs from Canine Parvovirus. It
goes over some basic solutions like prevention for CPV such as vaccination and limiting
contact from animals who are unvaccinated or suffering from CPV. The article is mostly
from the perspective of Dr. Michael Hung, an Internal Medical Resident in the Department
of Small Animal Clinical Sciences at Texas A&M University. I will be using this article in
my investigative report to argue the importance of vaccination and the importance of dog
owners keeping away from other animals affected by CPV or who are unvaccinated for it.
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Miranda, C., Carvalheira, J., Parrish, C., & Thompson, G. (2015, October 22). Factors affecting

the occurrence of canine parvovirus in dogs. Science Direct. https://www-sciencedirect-

com.uml.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0378113515300018#bib0045

This study released in 2015 from the peer-reviewed journal of Veterinary Microbiology examines
the factors that affect Canine Parvovirus in Dogs. The factors identified to have significant
effect on susceptibility to dogs catching CPV were purebred vs. Mixed breed, body weight,
age, sex, vaccination status, and housing conditions along with many others. The study
found that dogs who were unvaccinated, younger in age, had a smaller body weight and
were purebred were more susceptible to CPV than other dogs. I will be using this article in
my investigative report to argue that neutering/spaying helps lower the risks of catching
CPV.
Spibey, N., Greenwood, N., Sutton, D., Chalmers, W., & Tarpey, I. (2008, April 1). Canine

parvovirus type 2 vaccine protects against virulent challenge with type 2C virus. Veterinary

microbiology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006253/

This article published in 2008 by the peer-reviewed journal of Veterinary Microbiology looks at
the effectiveness of vaccination for Canine Parvovirus. In the study done, 6 beagles were
given the normal minimum recommended course of vaccination, made up of one vaccine
of Nobivac Lepto+Nobivac Pi at 8-10 weeks old and another follow up round of vaccines
including Parvo, distemper, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus at 3 weeks old. There were
also 6 control dogs (also beagles) that were kept unvaccinated. All 12 dogs were given type
2c of CPV orally and were monitored for clinical signs. The vaccinated dogs were
completely resistant to the virus, compared to the unvaccinated dogs, who showed many
clinical signs of CPV and shed the virus via feces. I will use this study in my investigative
report to argue the importance and effectiveness of vaccination for CPV.
Zink, C., Delgado, M. M., & Stella, J. L. (2023, March 1). Vasectomy and Ovary-sparing Spay in

Dogs: Comparison of Health and Behavior Outcomes with Gonadectomized and Sexually

Intact Dogs. AVMA.

https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/261/3/javma.22.08.0382.xml

This article released from the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association in January
of 2023 looks at the overall outcomes and benefits that neutering and spaying an animal
has on their health and behavior. Over 6000 dogs were considered, and data was collected
via a web survey of dog owners between November 2021- January 2022. This study is
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interesting because it is the first peer-reviewed study released that examines the overall
health and wellness benefits of dogs being neutered/spayed. The outcome was that dogs
that were spayed/neutered were overall healthier in their lifetime and did not suffer from
as many diseases as dogs who were left intact. I will use this article in my investigative
report to show the overall health benefit that neutering/spaying a dog has and how it could
decrease their risk of being susceptible to catching CPV.