SAARC Regional Training Programme

on
“Community Based Flood Risk Management”

25 27 October 2017
25-27
GIDM, Gandhinagar

Organized by:
SAARC Disaster Management Centre (Interim Unit), Gandhinagar
&
SAARC Di
Division,
i i Ministry
Mi i t off External
E t l Affairs,
Aff i Govt.
G t off India
I di
Understanding Dynamics
D namics of Flood
Disasters for CBDRR&R

Surya
y Parkash,, Ph.D.
Knowledge Management & Communication Division
g
National Institute of Disaster Management
Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI
suryanidm@gmail.com
y @g
www.nidm.gov.in/surya.asp
Mobile: +91 98689 15226
 Misfortunes Enter When
Window Is Left Open to Them

- a Czechoslovakian
C h l ki Proverb
P b

Wh hheaven sends
When d ddown calamities
l iti ththere iis a
hope of weathering them, but when man brings
them upon himself there is no hope of escape
- A Chinese saying
 WCDRR
 In accordance with a UNGA resolution, ten-year period from January 1990 was
designated as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR).
(Designation of the International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction, promotion of DRR measures,
establishment of the secretariat for UNISDR in Geneva)

 World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction (May 1994, Yokohama)

- Conducted interim review of the IDNDR
- Adopted the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World

 World Conference on Disaster Reduction (January 2005, Kobe)

- Held in the city affected by Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, at its 10th anniversary
- Released a joint statement for building a tsunami warning system in response to the
Indian Ocean Earthquake that occurred at the end of 2004.
- Adopted the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (HFA)

 World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (March 2015, Sendai)

- Adopted
Ad t d the
th Sendai
S d iF Framework k for
f Disaster
Di t Risk
Ri k Reduction,
R d ti as a new
framework for 2015 through 2030, committed to continue the action.
- Held in Sendai, which was affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake in March
2011
 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030

Structure Expected Outcome

The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the Global Targets
economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, ① Number of deaths
communities
iti and d countries
ti ② Number
N b off affected
ff t d people
l
③ Economic loss
Goal ④ Damage to medical and
educational facilities
Prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive ⑤ National and local strategies
⑥ Support to developing
economic, structural, legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political and countries
institutional measures that p
prevent and reduce hazard exposure
p and vulnerability
y to disaster, increase ⑦ Access to early warning
information
preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen resilience
Priorities for Action
Focused action within and across sectors by States at local, national, regional and global levels
Priority Action 1 Priority Action 2 Priority Action 3 Priority Action 4
Enhancing disaster
Understanding Strengthening disaster risk Investing in disaster risk preparedness for effective
disaster risk reduction for resilience reduction for resilience response, and to “Build Back
Better” in recovery,
rehabilitation and
Roles of Stakeholders reconstruction
Civil society, volunteers, organized voluntary work Academia, scientific Business, professional Media to take a role in
organizations and community-based organizations to and research entities associations and private sector contributing to the public
participate (In particular, women, children and youth, persons and networks to financial institutions to collaborate awareness raising
with disabilities, and older persons) collaborate
International Cooperation and Global Partnership
General Means of implementation Support from international Follow-up actions
considerations organization

Highlights • Seven concrete global targets were specified

• Th
The targets
t t include
i l d important
i t t policy
li focuses,
f such
h as mainstreaming
i t i DRR,
DRR prior
i investment,
i t t “Build
“B ild Back
B k
Better”, multi-stakeholders’ involvement, people-centered approach, and women’s leadership
 Hazard x Vulnerability y
Risk = f (Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability, Location).
Risk
HAZARD- ∞ --------------------------------
probability EXPOSURE- Objects
of occurrence of a and structures built byy
damaging event of Capacity man which are
given Magnitude at a exposed to the
given p
g place and a effects of the
(Vulnerability
given time. can be considered `hazard‘:
in terms buildings,
of
bridges, dams, power
economic values for cost benefit analysis
plant, life-line of
structure, etc.
Risk Management operations but there are
LOCATION- (i) How
always some intangible elements that can not
far the `exposure'
exposure is
be considered in economic terms) situated from the
VULNERABILITY-
Damageability of Hazard location the
the `exposure'
p nearer ones being in
under the action of greater danger than
the hazard; those far away, and
weaker ones being (ii) Local site conditions which can
more vulnerable modify the hazard and/or affect the
and `risky' than the stability of the exposure, such as
stronger ones. topography, soil deposit, water table, etc.
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Major Causes of Floods
• Temporal & spatial
distribution of rainfall
• Drainage congestion
– Inadequate drainage
capacity
– High tides, storm surges
• River erosion &
Embankment breach
• Landslide Dams & Glacial
L
Lake
k Outburst
O tb t
• Transboundry rivers
systems
– Ganga
– Brahmaputra & Barak
– Indus, Jhelum
 Flood Prone Area(s)
• Flood Prone Area: 40Mha (12% of
country area of 329Mha)
– Annually on average about 2%
off country area is
i affected
ff d
– On an average about 2.5% of
country
cou t y popu
population
at o aaffected
ected
annually
– About 0.03% of GDP Damage

• Major Flood Prone Basins: Ganga,

Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari

• Structural & Non-

Non-structural
measures adopted
p to manageg

• Flood Forecasting & Warning is

cost effective non-
non-structural
measure
 Flood Forecasting
g in India
• Central Water Commission (Ministry of
Water Resources,
Resources River Development &
Ganga Rejuvenation) - Nodal department
for Flood Forecasting

• Services based on hydro

hydro--meteorological
d
data f
from i
its network,
k reservoir
i release
l
data received from project authorities,
Rainfall forecast from India Meteorological
Department

 Estimation of river WL or inflow into reservoirs in

advance to alert concerned
 Role of Institutions
 India Meteorological Department (Ministry of Earth
Sciences)
 Weather Monitoring & Forecast
 National Remote Sensing Centre (Department of Space)
 S
Satellite
t llit observations
b ti and
d monitoring
it i
 Central Water Commission (Ministry of Water Resources,
River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation)
 River Monitoring & Flood Forecasting
 State Governments
 Warning and mitigation
 National
i l Disaster
i Management Authority
h i
 Policy and Guidelines
 Ministry of Home Affairs
 Overall inter agency coordination
 Flood Monitoring Period

Sl.
Sl. Basin Modified Period
No..
No
1. Brahmaputra Basin 1st May to 31st Oct
2. All other
th B
Basins
i upto
t 1st June
J t 31st Oct
to O t
Krishna Basin
3. Basins South of Krishna 1st June to 31st Dec
Basin (Pennar, Cauvery
and Southern Rivers)

• In case of floods beyond designated period due to

unexpected rain/releases from dams or other
reasons,
easo s, FF act
activity
ty s
shall
a be resumed
esu ed by concerned
co ce ed
organisation/division
organisation /division till water level falls below
threshold limit & necessary bulletins shall be
disseminated.
 Category of Floods and colour code

Unprecedented-Red HFL
0.5 m

High-Orange

0.5 m below HFL

Moderate - Pink

Danger Level
1.0 m

Low - Yellow

Warning Level
S
Some Si
Significant
ifi t Flood
Fl d
Events
 Alaknanda Tragedy

Belakuchi immediately after 1970’s flood

A rare Catastrophe in Himalayan
Region
20 August 1970
PARECHU LAKE
FORMED BY
LANDSLIDE POSED
STRATEGIC,, SOCIO-
ECONOMIC &
ENVIRONMENTAL
RISKS;
AFTER BURSTING
LEAD TO LOSS OF
ABOUT 2000
CRORES OF
RUPEES AND
DAMAGES TO
SEVERAL
PROJECTS,
STRUCTURES &
INFRA-
STRUCTURES
Typical example of Toe erosion by the 2005 Flash flood
Khadra Dhang Landslide

New alignment of NH

NH-22

S tl j R
Satluj
H-T FLOOD 26 JUNE 2005
360 FT BSB AKPA BRIDGE HANGING ON ROPE
BADRINATH LANDSLIDE (2005) THAT TRAPPED >5000
5000 PILGRIMS
Khanera
Lake formed in Kali River due to the
Blockage by Landslide
 NEY- BASGO,
NYEMO
CLOUDBURST – 4th
AUGUST 2010

AREA OF
IMPACT IN LEH
LEH, CHOGLAMSAR, SABOO,
DISTRICT PHYANG CLOUDBURST, 5th-6th
AUGUST 2010 – 11:45 PM – 12:15
AM
IMAGES FROM THE
NYEMO, BASGO, NEY
FLASH FLOODS
National
Highway to
Srinagar
Figure 1.2: Access Route Map from New Delhi to Uttarkashi
Fig. 1.5: Daily Gauge Records indicating maximum water level in the Bhagirathi river durng 1-10 August 2012
Automated Weather Station for recording rainfall, temperature and pressure at DGBR office, Tekhla
Fig. 1.67: Average Cumulative Annual Rainfall in the Uttarkashi district during the period between the years 2000 and 2012
Fig. 1.65: Average Monthly Cumulative Rainfall in the Uttarkashi district during the period between the years 2000 and 2011
Fig 1.68:
Fig. 1 68: Cumulative Number of Rainy Days per year in the study area during the period between the years 2006 and 2011
Fig. 1.64: Average Monthly Cumulative Rainfall in the study area during the period between the years 2006 and 2012
UTTARAKHAND FLASH FLOOD 2013
 Probable causes of the disaster
Breaching of Chorabari lake
near Kedarnath temple

 Disaster Vulnerability increased by

The excessive rainfall probably heavy influx of Pilgrims
caused by fusion of westerlies and  Increase in snowmelt due to warm
monsoon clouds monsoon rains added to increased
St t was hit by
State b ‘h
‘heavy’’ (64
(64.5-124.4
5 124 4 runoff
runoff.
mm) to ‘very heavy’ (124.5-244.4  A possible Lake burst added to the
mm) rainfall impact.
 Impact of the Disaster

The districts of Bageshwar,

Chamoli Pithoragarh,
Chamoli, Pithoragarh
Rudraprayag and Uttarkashi were
the most affected
affected.
The worst impact of the disaster
events of June 2013 on human
settlements was in the
Kedarnath shrine area
(Gaurikund to Kedarnath), the
Mandakini valley, the Alaknanda
valley (at Gobindghat and
upstream), the Pindar valley,
and along the banks of the river
Kali in Dharchula area.
 Development issues
• Inappropriate hill area development including unscientific
construction of road and buildings,
g , infrastructures,, hydro-
y
projects, utility services

• Illegal encroachment taking place along the rivers (Since 2002

there has been a ban on building within 100 meters of the river
bed which is often violated)

• Human activities like deforestation, river bed mining, quarrying,

blasting drainage disruption
blasting, disruption, slope modification etc

• Greater emphasis on commercial / tourism / infrastructural

development since the formation of Uttarakhand

• Dissonance/imbalance in the en
environment/ecosystems
ironment/ecos stems
 Land use Planning

Implementation of “Flood Plain Zoning”

regulating construction within the flood plain
of a river

Legal framework needs to be developed to

avoid
id construction
t ti on unstable
t bl or steep
t
slopes and ensure land use planning based
on Hazard,, Risk and Vulnerabilityy studies

Encroachment in riverbeds must be strictly

prohibited and all past encroachments must
be immediately removed
 Hydro-power projects

• Along with the Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA), hydropower projects in
ecological sensitive regions like Uttarakhand
must have comprehensive Disaster Impact
Assessment ((DIA)) mandatory y for project
p j
clearance.
• Hydroelectric projects must have a muck
disposal plan,
plan with proper site for muck
disposal, and plans for transportation of muck to
the designated sites well above the high flood
l
levels.
l
• Alternative energy options like solar / wind /
bio energy need to be further explored in the
Himalayan region
River Bed Mining

River Bed Mining related issues are

y
to be tackled systematically,y, based on
the scientific investigations, taking
care of ecological aspects.

The issue needs an area specific

approach
pp before g
giving
g lease for
River Bed Mining.

Unsustainable mining of the

riverbeds must not be allowed and
illegal mining must be stopped
immediately
 Landslide management

• Landslide risk micro-zonation using ground

truth of landscape, geology, ecology,
vegetation
vegetation, soil characteristics,
characteristics human
settlements, landslide and flood history of the
site.
• Appropriate guidelines, regulations and
codes for landslides risk assessment and
mitigation through an integrated approach,
involving State agencies/departments and
local administration.
• Bl ti
Blasting f developmental
for d l t l activities
ti iti mustt
be avoided because frequent blasting may
destabilize the weak rocks of the region,
which may result in landslides and rock falls
Road Construction
• Review the alignments of existing roads
in consultation with scientific agencies.

• In view of the importance of roads

connecting pilgrimage centres and
sensitive border areas, a Programme for
construction of new roads, and
de g a
widening andd renovation
e o at o oof e
existing
st g
roads should be undertaken in a scientific
manner.

• Separate evacuation routes/roads to be

constructed from major pilgrim centres,
even if they are for short stretches
stretches.
Jammu & Kashmir Flood 2014
Date of
6 & 7 September 2014
event
Duration several days

I
Jammu and Kashmir in
Location
India
as well as in Pakistan area

Total
T t l : 557 d
deaths
th
Deaths 277 in India
280 in Pakistan
Property 2,550 villages affected
ff
damage 80,000 people evacuated

This image of the northern Indian

subcontinent captured by NASA on 4
September 2014 shows that heavy clouds
over Jammu
J and
d Kashmir.
K h i
 Rainfall over J&K
 Jammu & Kashmir
experienced the worst
floods in the past 60 years
during first week of
September 2014

 The Jammu and Kashmir

state experienced
p rainfall from 1st
catastrophic
to 6th of September

On September
p 4th, 2014
J&K experienced 30 hr long
rainfall that has broken the
record of many decades

Some parts of the state

experienced more than 650
mm of rainfall in 3 days
Source: Department of Ecology, Environment and Remote Sensing, J&K Govt.
Affected areas
 Affected areas
Several thousand villages across the state had been hit and 390
villages had been completely submerged

Many parts of Srinagar, including the Border Security Force (BSF)

HQ in
i Sanant
S N
Nagar & Army
A cantonment in
i Badam
B d B h were
Bagh,
inundated, and vital roads were submerged, by the floods

On September 8, in many parts of Srinagar's neighbourhood, the

water was about 12 feet (3.7
(3 7 m) deep,
deep submerging entire houses

The death toll was 277 in India and areas affected by the floods
were mostly districts in South Kashmir
 POSSIBLE CAUSES
Impact of Climate Change
As pper IPCC 5th Assessment Reportp there will be 30% increase in the
incidence of extreme rainfall in Asia

Occurrences of floods outside the traditional States of Bihar, Assam,

Eastern UP and Orissa have increased due to higher frequency of
extremely high intensity rainfall storms
 POSSIBLE CAUSES
Impact of Climate Change
Highly
Hi hl anomalous
l rainfall
i f ll storms
t and
d shifting
hifti off their
th i distribution
di t ib ti isi now an
internationally admitted manifestation of climate change induced by
indiscriminate industrialization,, urbanization,, consumerism and other factors.
 POSSIBLE CAUSES (Contd.)

Glacial melt and heavy rainfall

The gglaciers and hard rocks p
produced lot of run-off,, the soil of the region
g
was already saturated and incessant high rainfall for four days generated
unprecedented floods, which raised the flood level of Jehlum at Sangam
to about 34.70 ft (danger level 21) breaking all the previous records.

This resulted in the abrupt increase in the flood level at Ram Munshi
Bagh which touched around 29.50ft (danger level 18). This was boosted
byy the heavyy rains in Sindh basin ((105mm)) resultingg in heavyy discharge
g
in Sindh Nallah which joins the Jehlum at Shadipora causing an upward
rush and limiting the free flow of Jehlum water into the Wullar Lake
 POSSIBLE CAUSES (Contd.)
B
Breaches
h off protection
i structure
Due to high speed of Jhelam river water, embankment along the river gets
breaches at many locations such as Kandizal,
Kandizal Chursu,
Chursu Lelhar,
Lelhar Marwal,
Marwal
Khadermoh causing wide spread flood in the region.

Ecological Aspects of Floods

Vast network of wetlands and waterways locally called “Dembs” acted as
sponges during the floods and shared the Jhelum waters, but during the last
few decades due to rapid urbanization, these wetlands and water ways were
converted in to built-up areas

Wetlands in Kashmir valley have lost their water absorption capacity due to
excessive siltation and encroachments, thus decreasing the chances to provide
assistance during floods
A view of
the
growing
lake
formed
behind
the
landslide,
seen
from the
ruins of
Attabad
village,
Pakistan
on
February
1 2010
1,
 Phuktal River Blockade 2014
 Around 31 Dec 2014, a major j landslide
caused a blockade of River Phuktal, a
major tributary of River Zanskar, thereby
creating an artificial reservoir

 The location is about 90 kms from

Padum. However the road terminates at
Zordang which is still 43 kms from Padum
 Kosi Flood 2008
On 18th August,
August embankment of river
Kosi suffered a breach at Kusaha, 10
kilometers inside Nepal p bordering
g
Supaul district of Bihar

After the
Aft th breach
b h the
th river
i effectively
ff ti l
changed course - on the day of the
highest discharge the flow in new
course was 191800 cusecs and only
25744 cusecs in the old course.

Spread of water in the new course 150

km long and 15 to 20 km wide.
wide

More than 33 lakh people and their

houses spread in 110258
1102 8 ha land fell
f
in the path of the new course.
North Karnataka Floods (Karwar) October 2009

A Calamity of Unprecedented Proportions:

Heavy Rains and Flood Havoc caused by
Low Pressure System (28/9 – 5/10/2009)
 Area and Population
Affected:
15 Districts, 84 Taluks
63% of the State’s area
18 Million Population
4,292 villages
 Rainfall (mm)
29th Sep
Sep-- 4th Oct 2009

377 mm in 24 hrs
Highest in 100 years

70% of Annual
Normal Rainfall in
Five Days

177% - 924% excess

i 15 Di
in Districts
t i t
 Human Lives Lost
Sl.No Districts Human Lives Lost
1 BIJAPUR 34
2 RIACHUR 34
3 BAGALKOTE 33
4 GULBARA 23
5 UTTARA KANNADA 23
6 KOPPAL 22
7 BELGAUM 17
8 BELLARY 17
9 GADAG 12
10 DAVANAGERE 4
11 CHITRADURGA 4
12 BIDAR 3
13 DHARWAD 3
TOTAL 229
 Loss of Livestock
Sl.No Districts Livestock Lost
1 Gulbarga 1,568
2 Raichur 1 420
1,420
3 Bagalkote 1,378
4 Belgaum 842
5 Koppal 685
6 Bellary 558
7 Gadag 389
8 Bijapur 281
9 Chitradurga 223
10 Uttara kannada 163
11 Dharwad 125
12 Bidar 113
13 Davanagere 77
14 Haveri 60
Total 7,882
 Agriculture Crop Loss – Kharif Season

Sl.No Districts Kharif Crop Area Damaged (Ha)

1 Gulbarga 3,06,447
2 B l
Belgaum 2 84 089
2,84,089
3 Raichur 2,02,442
4 Bijapur 2 01 630
2,01,630
5 Haveri 1,99,425
6 Koppal
pp 1,66,962
, ,
7 Davanagere 1,49,052
8 Gadag 1,16,028
9 Dharwad 1,15,525
10 Bagalkote 1,11,505
11 B ll
Bellary 39 447
39,447
12 Chitradurga 1,909
13 U Kannada
U.Kannada 1 019
1,019
Kharif Crop Area Damaged 18,95,480
 Agriculture Crop Loss – Rabi 2009

Rabi Crop Area Damaged

Sl.No Districts (Ha)
1 Bijapur 2,95,500
2 Gulbarga 1,009
3 Bellary 803
Rabi Crop Area Damaged 2,97,312
Damaged Agriculture Crops
• Maize: 4,37,689 Ha
• Redgram: 2,88,409 Ha
• Bajra: 2,12,047 Ha
• Sunflower: 2,79,376 Ha
• Jowar: 2,12,604 Ha
• Groundnut: 1,88,190 Ha
• Paddy: 1,85,141 Ha
• Cotton: 1,51,050 Ha
• Soyabean: 85,242
85 242 Ha
• Sugarcane: 66,022 Ha
• Bengalgram:
g g 56,009
, Ha
• Other Crops:
31,013 Ha
• URBAN FLOODING
• Severity of disasters is increasing. Too much rain in less
time and space.
• Urban
U b flooding
fl di now a serious i concern
• One city after other – latest to join this club Hyderabad,
Bengaluru.
Bengaluru
Mumbai 2005
SURAT FLOODS 2006
In the perspective of post
2006 floods – saving
Ecology makes
tremendous Economical
Sence. Rs.20,000 Crores
is the predicted loss – the
budget
g for Surat
Municipal Corporation last
year was Rs.1000 crore.

City growth, planning

practices and urban
governance will benefit
t
tremendously
d l ffrom iinformed
f d
and concerned individuals
and their continued efforts
towards sustainability
sustainability.
 City , history and Growth

Perspective
p of a planner…
p When the dam , embankment ,
dredging have only limited
feasibility towards safeguarding
the city. The only way flooding in
future can be mitigated is,

by way of spreading it.

Byy

Adding width to the River

Corridor

Adding width to the creek

corridor

reconnecting traditional flood

routes

By preserving wetlands

Adding
g Soft lands

By retention ponds

Bypass Channels
 Profile of the Surat City
• Surat is located on banks of river Tapi:
• It has Witnessed floods 30 times in 100 years.
• The city has witnessed Consecutive floods in the
years as follows.
• 1822 .1838 .1837
• 1872 .73.76.79.82.83.84.94
73 76 79 82 83 84 94
• 1914.30.31.31.37.38 to 45
• 1949.50.54.59
1949 50 54 59
• 1968 - the height flood, 16 Lacs cusec.
• 69.70.78.79.90.94.98
• 2002.03.06
 City grows – vulnerability increases.

Compare
p the Flood in 1968 to the
floods in 2006. Water level is almost
the same,

“This gave rise to media cry: 2006

fl d is
flood i biggest
bi t flood
fl d ever…

when the city was smaller- with water

had more area to spread. 1968 was a
Flood intensity :
bigger flood for water to have risen to
the same level as today’s flood. 15.5 lac cusec.

The fact that this flood was perceived

g disaster was because the
as a larger
area in which the flood could spread
has shrunk. Multiple actions have
contributed to this fact. Either one can
link it to all the way to global warming ,
term it
i a naturall phenomena
h , hang
h a
minister or two and sit back or Review Flood intensity :
the fact that we have all contributed to 9,1 lac cusec.
the increase in the vulnerability of the
region – since long…
long

• 1968 – the flood flow was 15.5 lac cusec.The level at hope bridge:
103.50 feet
• 1994 – 3.5
3 5 lac cusec : the level at hope bridge: 97.64
97 64 feet
• 1998 – 7.5 lac cusec : the level at hope bridge : 101.30
• 2006 –10 lac cusec. The level at hope bridge: 105.00 feet
Kolkata 2007
Jaipur 2012
 Chennai Flood in 2015

• 1,049
1 049 mm (41.3
(41 3 in) of rainfall in November
November, the highest
recorded since November 1918 when 1,088 mm
(42.8 in))
(4

• Worst in a century
Gurgaon 2016
Bengaluru
g 2016
 Future Plan
• Flash flood guidance coupled with
weather forecast AREA - 2.48 Lakh Sq Km

• Inundation modeling including

cyclone related floods in delta
regions

• Basin-wise
Basin- Extended Hydrologic
Prediction model along with DSS
(yield forecasting) for medium &
long term forecast

AREA - 1
1.36
36 L
Lakh
kh Sq
S KKm

AREA - 10.85 Lakh Sq Km

 Ri
River M
Morphology
h l

 Morphology (of river) is a field of science which

d l with
deals ith the
th change
h off river
i plan
l form
f andd cross
sections due to sedimentation and erosion.

 Dynamics of flow and sediment transport are the

principal elements.
elements
 Importance of Morphological studies

 The Morphological Studies play an important role in

knowing the Nature of rivers which helps in planning,
d i i
designing andd maintaining
i t i i off Flood
Fl d Protection/
P t ti / river
i
training Works and water resources projects.
 The morphological studies help in finding the vulnerable
spots for
(a) Bank Erosion
(b) Deposition
(c) River Bed Aggradation
(d) River Bed Degradation
 Technique
R
Remotet sensing
i T h i
Techniques are capable
bl off providing
idi
large information about river migration, changes in river
course land use changes etc with time
course,

The main objective

j
is to study the
shiftingg of river
course and also
g
changes in its Plan
form @ 10 years
from the base yeary
1970 till 2010 using
Remote sensingg
technology
Ri k Management
Risk M t
 Preventive Measures
Strengthening
g g of embankments of ppotential
damage centers such as
• human inhabitations along the river side
• sites of bridges,
• low lying roads
• and important installations along the river
sides so as to impact of huge water mass
Physical Methods for Slope Stabilization
and Erosion Control

These include measures to reduce runoff

(terracing diversions
(terracing, diversions, grassed
waterways, conservation ponds),
methods to stabilize slopes and reduce
erosion (retaining walls
walls, drop structures
structures,
sabo dams) and integrated methods to
address
dd specific
ifi problems
bl ((gully
ll control,
t l
p
trail improvement) ) etc.
Terracing
q of converting
It is technique g slope
p into a series of
horizontal step-like structures to
• Control the flow of surface runoff byy guiding
g g runoff
across the slope and conveying it to a suitable
outlet at a non-erosive velocityy
• Reduce soil erosion by trapping the soil on the
terrace
• Create flat land suitable for cultivation

Terracing prevents formation of rills, improves soil

fertilityy through
g reduced erosion and helpp water
conservation. The 3 main types of terracing are
bench terraces, Contour or level terraces and
parallel or channel terraces
Diversions

Diversions are ridges of soil or channels with a supporting

ridge on the lower side
side. They are built across the slope to
intercept runoff and dispose it at a selected location. They
are used to break up p long
g slopes,
p , to direct water awayy from
active erosion sites, to direct water around agricultural fields
or other sites, and to channel surface runoff to suitable
outlet locations. Safe
S f passage off the runoffff to prevent slope
failures can be achieved by drainage ditches or by cross
drainage work for road structures
structures.

Slopep drainage
g – open
p ditch/drains,, side drain,, culvert,, pipe
pp
drains (The most common type of drain are stone or gravel
filled drain with or without pipes)
Grassed Waterways
are natural or artificiallyy constructed water courses
shaped or graded to the required dimensions and
planted with suitable vegetation.
p g The channel
helps water to flow without causing erosion.
Grassed waterways y are used as
• Outlets for diversions and emergency spillways
• To safelyy conveyy runoff from contour and g graded
bunds and bench terraces
• As outlets for surface and sub-surface drainage g
systems on sloping lands
• To carryy runoff from natural drains and prevent
p
formation of rills/gullies
p
• To dispose water collected in road ditches
through culverts
Conservation Ponds / Farm ponds
ponds,
Dugout ponds, Embankment type ponds
are small reservoirs constructed for the
purpose of collecting and storing water
f
from runoff,
ff to
t reduce
d peak
k flow
fl andd
erosion, and thus, probability of FF. It also
help ground water recharge.
Mitigation Measures

NSM include risk assessment, planning measures

p
to reduce exposure and vulnerability,
y, raising
g
awareness and preparedness, education, training,
g, warning
monitoring, g and evacuation

SM aim to reduce the volume of water as well as

the hydrostatic pressure on the dam. The 4 main
pp
approaches are i)) controlled breaching/blasting
g g of
the moraine dam, ii) construction of an outlet
p
control structure / construction of spillwayy or open
p
channel, iii) pumping or siphoning the water from
lake and iv)) drilling
g and tunnelingg under the
moraine or ice dam
Non-structural Measures (NSM)

Any measure that does not involve physical

construction but instead uses awareness,
knowledge,
g , education,, training,
g, p
practices,,
policies, laws, and/or agreements etc. to
reduce the impacts
impacts.

NSM measures can be cost effective and

sustainable alternative to traditional
engineering solutions. NSM are only efficient
with p
participation
p of a responsive
p p
population
p
and an organized institutional work
Structural Measures (SM)

Any physical construction designed to

intervene, control or mitigate the potential
impacts.
impacts

SM ffor FF can b be grouped d iin 4 groups

based on overall focus; i) Activities in the
whole catchment area, ii) Activities in shape
retention,, iii)) regulating
g g rivers and streams,,
iv) river conservation
Bioengineering Measures

Bioengg is the application of engineering design

and technology
technolog to liliving
ing ssystems.
stems It refers to the
combination of biological, mechanical and
ecological concepts to reduce or control erosion
erosion,
protect soil, and stabilize slopes using vegetation
or a combination of vegetation and construction
materials.

BM used in combination with civil and social

engineering offers environmentally friendly
friendly,
economical and efficient solution to minimize the
FF & their impacts
Retaining Walls

are artificial structures that hold back soil, rock,

or water from a building, structure or area. RW
prevents downslope movement and soil erosion,
and provide support for vertical or near-vertical
changes in gradient. The walls are generally
made from timber, masonry, stone, brick,
concrete, vinyl steel, or a combination of these.
RW act to support lateral pressure which may
cause slope failure.
Drop Structures / Grade Control Structures
are the structures placed at intervals along a channel to
change a continuous steep slope into a series of gentle
slopes and vertical (or steep and roughened) drops, like a
series of steps. They control erosion and degradation by
reducing the slope of the channel and prevent
development of high erosive flow velocities, and allow
water to drop safely without gouging out gullies.

Drop structures include sills, weirs, chute spillways, drop

pipes, and check dams.

Drop structures can be made of concrete, timber, sloping

riprap sills, and soil-cement or gabions. Drop structures
made from timber or logs are more appropriate in small
streams and gullies
gullies.
Physical Methods for River Training
FF mitigation in the u/s part is aimed at reducing the
occurrence of FF and focuses on reducing slope instability,
reducingg amount and velocity y of runoff, preventing
p g erosion.
The morphology of river is a strong determinant of flow, and
can thus serve to intensify or mitigate flood waves and
t
torrents.
t When
Wh th the river
i b
becomes meandered
d d or b braided,
id d it
leads to excessive bank cutting and causes damages to
agricultural fields and human settlements
settlements.

River training
g refers to structural measures which are taken to
improve a river and its banks, for prevention, mitigation and
control of FF.

River training structures are classified in 2 categories: i)

Transversal protection structures ii) Longitudinal Protection
Structures
Transversal Protection Structures

• Check
Ch k DDams
p
• Spurs
• Sills
• Screen dams and Beam dams
• Porcupines
Longitudinal Protection Structures

• Levees
L or E
Earth
th Fill E
Embankments
b k t
pp
• Guide banks and other approach
embankments
• Concrete Embankments
• Revetments and rock riprap
• Porcupines used as embankment
protection
Other Protection Structures

• Sandbagging
S db i
g
• Channel Lining
• Bamboo Piles
 Preparedness
• Forecasting/
F i / Warning
W i to the h extent possibleibl
• Setting up control room at district headquarter,
Di i collector
District ll as IIncident
id C
Commander d
• Identification of area of damage i.e. Low lying roads,
H
Human S
Settlements,
ttl t A Army iinstallations
t ll ti andd
important bridges
• S t l di
Sectoral division
i i off entire
ti river
i b
basini prone tto flflash
h
flood
• S t wise
Sector i storage
t off ffood d grains
i LPGLPG, kkerosene ,
petrol, firewood & life saving drugs.
• A
Army, BRO & paramilitaryilit fforces sounded
d d ffor ttaking
ki
of rescue and relief operation
• Id tifi ti off buildings
Identification b ildi for
f setting
tti off relief
li f camps.
• Establishing an alert system for affected community
 Response Preparedness
• Evacuation of inhabitants from the villages
under potential risk of damage
• Deployment of rescue teams & restoration
machinery at critical points in different sectors
• Delaunching of all Bailey Bridges
• Erection of safety walls along strategic &
important installations
• Alternative routes of transportation
• Realignment & construction of roads at a
reasonable distance from river belt
 Response
• Quick reporting and assessment of losses in
sector
t wise
i manner
• Provision of adequate shelter, food, clothing,
firewood, medicine and school to the displaced
families
• Provision of relief to the farmers and orchidst and
p
restoration means of transportation of their
produce
• Reconstruction of damage roads stretches and
relaying of bridges
• Identification of land for building alternative house
at safer places
Scope
Desirable

Essential

Vital
 Close Gap between
scientific & operating tempers
 BUILD
PARTNERSHIP

DO NOT
HANDLE IT
ALONE
O
Our dream is to
build a disaster
free
INDIA
 ?s please

suryanidm@gmail.com
Thanks……
Call: +919868915226
 UNIQUE CHALLENGES OF RIVER
FLOOD,, URBAN FLOODS AND FLASH
FLOODS

RITESH KHATTAR
C O
DIRECTOR
FLOOD CONTROL APPLICATIONS DTE-II
Recent Flood Disasters

Increased
occurrences
of flood
Recent Memories of Flood
Utt kh d June,
Uttarakhand, J 2013
 Recent Memories of Flood
Utt kh d June,
Uttarakhand, J 2013

Before After
 Recent Memories of Flood
Si
Srinagar, SSept. 2014
Lalchowk, Rajbagh Jawahar Nagar, Bemina and adjoining
areas
Recent Memories of Flood
Ch
Chennai,
i NNov 2015
 Flood damage is increasing

Data & research in floods is

increasing

0,
0 10,
10 …. 50 Time (Years)
The Flood Management Cycle
 General Flood Management Measures
practiced in India

Floods are natural phenomena

Complete immunity from flood is not
possible, however, their impacts can be
minimized by application of appropriate
structural and non-structural measures.
 Engineering / Structural Measures
 Administrative / Non-structural
Measures
 Structural Measures

• D
Dams and
dRReservoirs
i
• Embankments,, Flood Walls,, Sea Walls
• Natural Detention Basins
• Channel Improvement
• Drainage Improvement
• Diversion of Flood Water
• Watershed Management
 Non Structural Measures

 Flood
Fl d Forecasting
F ti and
d Warning
W i

 Flood Plain Zoning

 Flood Proofing

 Disaster Preparedness and Response

Planning

 Disaster Relief
 Flood Forecasting Services
• Central Water Commission (CWC), MoWR,
MoWR, RD & GR
is the line department for Flood Forecasting
• Estimation of river water level or inflow into
reservoirs in advance to alert concerned
• River Water Level Forecast
for towns/habitations
• Reservoir Inflow forecast
for Reservoir operation
• Inundation
I d ti Forecast
F t for
f
areas likely to be inundated
• GLOF/Landslide advisory 15
Present Status of FF Activities using 1D Model
• Integrated with IMD
Rainfall Forecast
• Forecast time increased
to 72 hours
• Covering all major flood
prone area of country
• Automatic Generation
of Forecast ((24 X 7))
with update frequency
of 3 hrs
• GIS Based Forecast
Dissemination portal
i ready
is d &&running
i
 FLOOD PLAIN ZONING
WATER SUPPLY
III III II I
II
I
FACTORY

HOSPITAL
GOVT OFFICE
GOVT. POWER HOUSE
PARK

RESIDENTIAL AREA UNIVERSITY

FREQUENT FLOOD( III)
NORMAL CHANNEL
FLOOD ONCE IN 25 YEARS (II)
FLOOD ONCE IN 100 YEARS (I) 17
 FLOOD PROOFING

Raising of villages above flood level

1. Previously adopted in Uttar Pradesh, West
Bengal and Assam
2. Currently in North Bihar under Central Sector
3. Extended to U.P., Orissa, Andhra Pradesh,
West Bengal and Assam in 10th Plan

18
Hydrological
y g Cycle
y
 Urban Flood- a challenge
• Increasing trend of urban flooding is a universal
p
phenomenon
• Poses a great challenge to city administration
and urban planners
• Problems range from relatively localized
incidents to major incidents,
– Resulting in cities being inundated from a few hours
to several days.
– Impact can also be widespread,
widespread including temporary
relocation of people, damage to civic amenities,
deterioration of water quality and risk of epidemics.
epidemics
20
Urban Flooding-Factors for increasing risk
• Predominantly manmade coupled with natural factors
• Unplanned development and encroachments of rivers
and watercourses
– the runoff has increased in proportion to urbanization of the watersheds
– poor solid waste management blocking urban drains
– delayed draining out flood water due to reduced carrying capacity of rivers
and water courses
• New and intensified phase of urbanization during 2001-
2011 coupled with spatial expansion of urban extents
– Area under urban settlements (7933 towns) in India has
increased from 77370.50 sq. km in 2001 to 102220.16 sq. km in
2011.
– 32 % increase
i
21
 Actions Desired
• Multidisciplinary approach
• Each city should have their Flood mitigation
plans within the overall land use policy and
master planning with due importance to
– Flood plain
– River basin
– Surface water
– Urban drains
• A prompt, well-coordinated and effective
response system
– minimizes casualties and loss of property
– facilitates early recovery
22
Loss of employment

23
 Challenges
g and Way
y Forward
• Real Time Flood Warningg System
y should be developed
p
for effective dissemination of information.
• Cl
Close coordination
di ti with
ith each
h agency is
i kkey factor
f t forf
minimizing damage due to floods in case of flood
di t
disasters.
p
• International cooperation is essentiallyy required
q for
management of flood in international river basins.
 Challenges
g and Way
y Forward
• Acquisition
q of close contour and high
g resolution
topographical data
– Digital Elevation Model(DEM)
• Integration of all relevant data
– Topographical, Hydrological, Meteorological, radar, Sea
surge, Reservoir release, Water Utilizations, etc
• Reliable Inundation forecast modeling
– 2D Modeling
• Reservoir Operation in timely fashion
 Challenges
g and Way
y Forward
• A well-designed
g Catchment Area Treatment ((CAT))
Plan is essential to reduce soil erosion
• Land
L d use planning
l i based
b d on Flood
Fl d plain
l i Zoning
Z i
• Flash Flood Advisoryy
• Urban planning to be done in more scientific manner
• Proper Storm water management
 Elements of End-to-end Floods
M it i and
Monitoring dWWarning
i M Mechanism
h i
for South Asia

RITESH KHATTAR
C O
DIRECTOR
FLOOD CONTROL APPLICATIONS DTE-II
 Why we need flood forecast ?

With fforecasting/dissemination
ti /di i ti

Without forecasting

0,
0 1, …. 6
1 hours Time
Ti
 Integrated Flood Management

Land-use Keeping people away from

Planning floodwaters
Structural Keeping floodwaters away from
Measures people
Getting people ready for floods
Flood Preparedness
before they come

Emergency Helping affected people cope

Management with floods
Flood forecasting and warning
Meteorological forecast

Heavy rain/snowmelt or high inflow

Data collection and transmission

mise
minim
Boundary estimation (rainfall, tide, ..)
time

Forecast calculation

Warning dissemination

ximise
Emergency action

max
Flooding starts
Flood forecasting data, models, tools, etc.

Time scale

Spatial Scale
Hydrological Forecasting
Rainfall Space Distribution

Verdah.avi
Rainfall Consistency
 Stages
g of FF

Inundation

Model Output Dissemination

Processing
Data Input
Modeling
Handling &
Processing
Data
Acquisition
 Data Acquisition
q
River Satellite
Fl
Flow i
imagery
Tempera Water
ture Level

Snow Reservoir
Cover Releases

Satellite
Reservoir
Based Levell
Rainfall

Ground
Flood Rainfall
Based
Forecast Forecast
Rainfall
Data Handling/Readability
g y

HDF5

HTML NETCDF

Data
CSV BIN

GEO-
TIFF
Data Input
p Processingg

RESAMPLING

SPATIAL
INTERPOLATION

GRID
CLIPPING
CONVERSION
 MODEL

Observed
Rainfall
Hydrological
Observed Model
ode Time series
flow Rainfall-Runoff forecasts
+
Rainfall
R i f ll River Routing

forecast
Warnings
g
Model Output
p Processingg

Hydrograph
Plottingg

Video clips

Real-Time
Conversion
Rainfall
to Geo-Json
Map
 Web Dissemination
http://120 57 32 251/index php
http://120.57.32.251/index.php
Present Status of FF Activities using 2D Model
• Mahanadi Delta
region studied so far
• Dem data purchased
from NRSC(4.65
crore)
• Resolution
(horizontal 1m and .5
5
m vertical)
• Area covered 7749 Sq q
Km
• 2016 Flood event
simulated with model
resolution of 90 m
 Causes of Floods
 Long duration heavy rainfall

 Inadequate channel capacities

 Landslides
a ds des / river
e bblockages
oc ages
 Drainage
g congestion
g
 Haphazard
p Development
p
 Poor Reservoir Regulation
 Flood Forecasting Set Up

Civil
Authorities &
others of Other
CWC site
it State Ministries/
BS, FFS Deptt/
Deptt /
WL, RF, Q Agenciecs

CFCR
DFCR
Project Summary
FF
Authorities Formulation http://india--water.gov.in/ffs
http://india Compilation
Reservoir (CWC
CWC)
)
(CWC
CWC))
Release MHA
DM Div
Div(IOC)
(IOC)
NDMA
FMO (IMD
(IMD))
RF, WF, QPF
Media

48
 Impacts of Floods
• Loss of Human Life, Livestock, Property ,
Infrastructure, Agriculture, Environment etc.
• Annual Average damages is more than Rs.
1800 cr.
• Disrupt Normal Life
• In some river valleys, floods have been
turned to economic advantage as millions of
people grow their rice, wheat, millet and
corn on flood
fl d plains.
l
 Introduction
 Floods have been recurrent
phenomenon in many parts of India,
causing loss of lives & public property
and bringing untold misery to the
people, especially those in the rural
areas
 Indian continent has peculiar climatic
conditions since it has floods in some
parts whereas drought in other parts.
parts
 Flood Monitoring Period

Sl.
Sl. Basin Modified Period
No..
No
1. Brahmaputra Basin 1st May to 31st Oct
2. All other
th B i
Basins upto
t 1st June
J t 31st Oct
to O t
Krishna Basin
3. Basins South of Krishna 1st June to 31st Dec
Basin (Pennar, Cauvery
and Southern Rivers)

• In case of floods beyond designated period due to

unexpected rain/releases from dams or other
reasons,
easo s, FF act
activity
ty s
shall
a be resumed
esu ed by concerned
co ce ed
organisation/division
organisation /division till water level falls below
threshold limit & necessary bulletins shall be
disseminated.

51
 Category of Floods and colour code

Unprecedented-Red HFL
0.5 m

High-Orange

0.5 m below HFL

Moderate - Pink

Danger Level
1.0 m

Low - Yellow

Warning Level

52
 Flood Prone Area ((India))
 Geographical Area of India : 329 Mha

 Total Flood Prone Area

As Assessed by RBA : 40 Mha
As reported by the States : 49.815 Mha
(12th Plan Working Group on Flood Forecasting)

 Area protected with reasonable : 15.8 Mha

d
degree off protection
t ti by b various
i
structural measures
Urban Flood Management Phases
• Pre-Monsoon Phase:
– Preparedness:
p Planningg for Disaster Reduction
• During Monsoon Phase:
– Early
E l Warning
W i
– Effective Response and Management
– Relief planning and execution
• Post-Monsoon Phase:
– Restoration and Re-habilitation

54
 Management Guidelines
• National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) has prepared Guidelines for
Management of Urban Flooding in
September 2010.
September, 2010
– establishment of Urban Flooding Cells at State
Nodal Departments and ULBs.
– Specific responsibility to various agencies

55
 Preparedness Plans
• Planning for Disaster Reduction
– Estimation of emergency needs
– Identification of the resources to meet these needs.
– Familiarizing the stakeholders, particularly the
communities through training and simulation
exercises.
– Identification of Teams for maintaining the drains
and roads, mobilization of resources, etc.
– Establishment of inter agency g y co-ordination
mechanism

56
 Early Warning
• Timely, qualitative and quantitative warnings
based on
– intensity of rainfall
– urban drainage system
– topographical details
– river water level
– releases from through g integrated
g reservoir
operation
– tidal condition
– proximity to hills

57
Flood Evacuation Process
and

Search & Rescue

(Issues & Challenges)
g

Dr Muhammad Farhan Khalid

 DR. MUHAMMAD FARHAN KHALID

• Registrar Emergency Service Academy

(Rescue1122), Lahore, Pakistan.
• Team
T Leader
L d Disaster
Di t Response
R Force
F (P
(Pak-USAR
k USAR
Team) INSARG
• Chief Instructor, Urban Search & Rescue
• Master
M t /R Regional
i l IInstructor
t t PEER C Courses
• Senior Technical Officer of the Service
• Worked as District Emergency Officer in Multan
 Sequence
 Overview of Punjab Emergency Service

 Emergency
E Services
S i A
Academy
d

 Disaster Management

 Flood Management - Issue & Challenges

 Water Rescue Techniques for Community

 Operational Strategies in Pakistan 3

Punjab Emergency Service

The Disaster Response Force

 Mission of the Service
Establishment of an effective system for
emergency preparedness,
d response, protection
t ti
& pprevention; while contributingg towards
building socially responsible, healthy, resilient
and safer communities.
communities
Ambulance Service

6
Fire & Rescue Service

7
Disaster Emergency Response Teams
after Eathquake on 8th October,
October 2006

8
HAZMAT Response
p Unit

9
Water Rescue

10
Motorbike Ambulance Service

11
Community SafetyProgram
CERT & CBDRR Program

12
 13 Years Emergency Statistics
Emergency Calls Responded 4527603
• Road Traffic Accidents/ Crashes 1612581
• Fire 100492
• Building Collapse 7101
• Crime 165388
• Explosions
p 1389
• Medical (Drowning 9147, Misc 408791) 2594799
• Average Response Time in Minutes 7 Min.
• Fake Emergency
g y Calls Responded
p 4040
• Patients Rescued 5251398
13
Emergency
g y Services Academyy
Emergency Services Academy
(National Centre of Excellence)

15
Cadets Block

16
I t t
Instructors Bl
Blockk

17
Academic Block

18
Admin Block
Model Rescue Station
Water Rescue
Wate escue Lake
a e

21
Trainingg Ground

22
Fire Tower

23
Fire Fitness tower

24
Selff Contained Breathing
g Apparatus
pp Lab

25
Swimming Pool

26
Urban Search & Rescue Rubble Pad

27
 Training Wings of ESA

• Fire & Safety Training

• Emergency Paramedical Training
• Search & Rescue Training
• Physical Training
• Driving Training
• Wireless & IT Training
Disaster Response Force (PAK-SAR
(PAK SAR Team)

29
 Disaster
Management
 Disaster Spectrum
Flood Rescue
Early Warning
Rescue Relief

Preparedness 1122
Recovery

Awareness and Capacity

Building
NDMA Rehabilitation

P
Prevention/
ti / Mitigation
Miti ti Reconstruction
Risk Assessment
 Disaster Management
g Strategy
gy
in Pakistan
Establishment of National & Provincial
Di
Disaster Management
M A
Authorities
h ii

Establishment of Emergency Service &

Community Emergency Response Teams

Army ffor air

A i support & llaw & order
d iin major
j
disasters
 Disaster Response Strategy

Disaster
MANAGERS
Scale
• Small scale • Emergency Services
• Medium • ES + CERT
• Large • ES + CERT + Army for
Complex Emergencies
Flood Management
Issues & Challenges
“1 cm off rain
i ffalling
lli over 1
Sq.km
q produces
p
10 000 000 litters of
10,000,000
water, all trying to get to
the lowest point
point”.
 Four Realities of Flooding

• Multi-agency events

• Multi-jurisdictional events

• Hazmat and public health events

• Long term event that can exhaust

emergency personnell andd community
i
members emotionally
emotionally, mentally,
mentally physically
 Four Phases of Flooding

• Phase 1 – Pre-Flood

• Phase 2 – Flash Flood

• Phase 3 – Expansion

• Phase 4 – Recovery
 Phase 1 – Pre
Pre- Flood

• Development of response plan based on

existing hazard assessment and historical
fl d ddata
flood t

• Training
T i i off Personnel
P l andd investment
i t t in
i
equipments

• Public awareness and training

 Phase 2 – Flash
Flash-Flood
Flood

• Associated with high speed water

• Imminent danger to human lives

• Greatest personal risk to rescuers

• Technical rescue required

 Phase 3 – Expansion
• Lateral movement of water leading to loss
off more llandd

• More intensive damage to infrastructure

• Hazmat Issues

• Damage to means of access and egress

• Active evacuation required

 Phase 4 – Recovery

• More exposure
p to accidents & injuries.
j

• Public health issues

• Search & recovery

• Infrastructure restoration
 Challenges
• Diverse topographical
Di hi l features
f
• g
Varied Climate in different regions
• Uneven population density
• Unplanned development in flood Plains
• Vulnerability of population segments
• Poverty
• Pressure on natural resources
• Lack of Preparedness for Disaster Management
 Issues in Evacuation Process
 Lack of community participation in evacuation
planning.

 Early Warning System- Timely information

Dissemination.
Dissemination

 Validation of evacuation alerts

 Community reaction to the evacuation alerts
 Means of evacuation.

Contd…
 Care of vulnerable groups

 Coordination amongst stakeholders

 Shelters / Relief camps – facilities.

 Documentation ( registration & de-registration).

 Care of cultural and social norms.

 Administrative control of the process.

Water Rescue
Techniques
h iq
f
for
Community
A Zoned Approach to
Water Rescue

46
Sh ll Water
Shallow W t Rescue
R T
Techniques
h i

Group wading techniques

• Line abreast

• Line astern

• Wedge astern
Line Abreast

48
Line Astern

49
Wedge Astern

50
Sh ll Water
Shallow W t Rescue
R T
Techniques
h i

Tethered crossing

 Throw bag rescue

Belaying

Vectoring
Tethered Crossings

52
Throw Bag Rescue

53
Belaying

54
Vectoring

55
Boating and Rowing Training

56
OBM Training in Lake

57
Shallow water crossing (Wedge Astern)

58
Shallow water crossing (Line Astern)

59
60
Improvised Floating Device

61
Personal Floatation Device

62
Capacity
p y Buildingg off Communityy
• Hazard
H d Id
Identification
ifi i & Safety
S f Orientation
Oi i

• Self-rescue
S lf T h i
Techniques

• Personal
P lPProtective
t ti Equipment
E i t (PPE)

• Rescue Equipment – (Improvised)

• Knots & Anchors

• Swimming - Defensive & Offensive

 Strategic Decision Making
SEA DEPTH Model
Situation
Egress
g
Access
Development
Existing
i ti rainfall
i f ll
Predicted rainfall
Topography
Hazard
Operational Strategy
i Pakistan
in P ki t
Action Plan Flow Chart
 Tiers of Response
• 1st Tier: Local response by District tams of
Rescue 1122 with support of District
Government.
• 2nd Tier: Divisional efforts (Logistics /
Humane Resources) in support of District
Rescue 1122 teams.
teams
• 3rd Tier: Provincial response by Disaster
Response Force in support of District &
Divisional Rescue 1122.
 Pre Flood
Pre-Flood
• Hazard,, vulnerability,
y, and capacity
p y assessment of
flood prone areas.
• Inter agency coordination through DDMAs.
DDMAs
• Convene District Emergency Board Meetings to
take all stake holders on board.
• OBM training of maximum rescuers.
rescuers
• Enrollment & training of Community Emergency
Response Teams (CERTs)
• Recruitment of contingent OBM operators.
operators
Contd…
• Prepare comprehensive District Flood
contingency
g y pplan.
• Survey/mapping of vulnerable areas.
• Regular updates from concerned Flood
monitoring
g centers, Pakistan Metrological g
Department and Flood Forecasting Division.
• To Conduct joint scenario based exercises to test
the equipment and on ground coordination
amongst all
ll stakeholders.
k h ld

Contd…
• Devise early deployment pattern/mechanism for
H
Human resource and
d Equipments
E i t att strategic
t t i
locations duly marked on map.

• Division of available manpower to detail

dedicated teams for flood Rescue operation and
routine
i emergencies
i separately.
l
 During the Flood
• Activation of “Code RED” as per SOPs of
service after issuance of Flood warning.
• Engage Early Warning system as per local
protocols.
l
• Deployment
p y of Rescuers in District
Government and Police Control Rooms
• Deployment
D l t and d mobilization
bili ti off flood
fl d
fighting resources
 Post flood
• Overall review of operational activities.
• Structured debrief session with Responders.
Responders
• Submission of consolidated post flood report.
• Submission of need assessment report for
upcoming floods.
• Repair & maintenance of damaged boats and
other
h equipments
i
73
74
75
76
 Summaryy Off Flood Rescue Activities

Medical
No. Flood Year Evac./ Trans. First Aid Shifted Dead camp
Victims
1 2010 39812 5673 535 0 36224

2 2012 8361 4652 5 6 0

3 2013 75936 2685 26 25 426

4 2014 91107 633 223 73 270

5 2015 97613 1298 47 15 65

6 2016 3537 0 0 0 18

7 2017 7748 13 0 0 0

TOTAL 324114 14954 836 119 37003

 Every Disaster is an
Opportunity for Development

Smart Nations learn from the

ppast & avoid reinforcing
f g failure!
f
 If we are not even prepared for
ti l professional
timely f i l managementt
of small scale emergencies,
emergencies
sshould
ould we expect a miracle
i acle
when a disaster happens?
 Community Based Approach on
Public
P bli Awareness
A and
d Capacity
C i
Building in flood Risk Management

J.M.A.R.Jayrathne
Deputy Director Emergency Operation
Disaster Management Center
Sri Lanka
 Why Awareness Generation?
Create understanding amongst a set of people through
b ildi th
building their
i
a. knowledge,
b attitude
b. ttit d and d
c. skills
for vulnerability reduction and preparedness.
 Why Awareness Generation?

The least expensive and the most important

disaster mitigation tool is….
 Why
y people
p p die due to disasters?
Indian Ocean Tsunami of 26-
26-12
12--2004
Note:
• Lack of awareness and capacity Earthquake
occurred at
09:00 (3-5 m)
• Careless 06:58 am

• Normalcy bias 08 50 (5-8

08:50 (5 8 m))

08:40 ((6-10 m))

(2 m) 09:30
08:30 (7-12 m)
Number dead – 30, 959
Number missing – 5, 644 08:50 (7-9 m)
Number displaced – 500, 669 (4-9 m) 09:15 09:00 (7-9 m)

Time of arrival of first wave and estimated max. wave height

 Disaster signs
g
• Floods
• Landslides
• Tsunami
• Cyclones, High winds
• Lightning

Preparedness / prevention / Mitigation method or techniques

 Receiving Technical Information from Various
Countries
Local Agencies
PTWC

USGS
DOM
GDACS DOI

INCOIS
EMERGENCY
GSMB
OPERATION CENTER
INDONESIAN MEPA
MET
NARA
RIMES

AUS-MET CCD

JMA
27 March 2011
 Develop
p SMART Objectives
j
• Specific (what and who)
• Measurable (something you can see, hear or expressed
with an action verb)
• Attainable
Att i bl (where)
( h )
• Realistic (achievable)
• Time bound (when)
 Follow the 5 WH Principles
p
• What
• Why
• When
• Where
• Who
• How
 What
• Keeping the target group informed
• Sensitization
• Enhance their information level
 Why
y
• Active involvement
• Effective Communication
• Peoples Participation
• Reach out the real target
• Target oriented approach
 When
• Normal Time
• Pre Disaster ( After receiving Warning)
• During Disaster
• Post Disaster
 Where
• City

• Ward

• Neighborhood

• schools
h l
 Who
• Govt. Functionaries
• Privet sector
• NGOs
• CBOs
• Communities
• Volunteers
• Children
• Adults
Knowledge and Awareness Creation sessions on Disasters
 How
• Leaflets
• Wall p
paintings,
g Hoarding g & Banner
• Rally
• Electronic & Print media
• Local festivals
• Cultural Programs
• Jingles
• Meetings
• Workshops & Seminars
• Manuals & Documents
• Mock Drills
Awareness and
Education on
Disasters
 Disaster Education ,Public Awareness and Capacity Building Methods
(1)Public awareness campaigns and (14)Symposium
events (15)Mobile SMS and Alerts
(2)Various disaster related publications (16)Paints on DRR
(3)Disaster management plans (17)Social media
media, websites,
websites
(4)Distribution of pamphlets and broachers (18)Cartons & comics
(5)Annual reports of DM institutions (19)Cultural arts
(6)Newsletters on various hazards (20)Appealing graphics
(7)Simulations and drills
((8)Disaster
) parks
p
(9)Disaster museums
(10) Training courses
(11)Workshops
Cont.……
(12)Seminars & conferences
(13)Exhibitions
21. Rehearsal of various hazards 37. Curriculum
22. Quiz competition 38. DIG-disaster Imagination Game
23 On
23. O site
it visit
i it etc.
t 39. Banners
24. Games & Sports 40. Memorial walks
25. Town watching and field visit 41. Streamers/flags, standees,
26. Voluntary organization leaflets, stickers,
27. TV Programs 42. Videos & Audios
8 Radio
28. ad o Programs
og a s 43 Mapping
43.
29. Drama 44. Sign boards
30. Story telling 45. Mobile Training Vehicle
31 Art & Music
31. 46. Disaster pouch (Bag).
32. Play and learn 47. Presentations.
33. Museum 48. TOT
34. Building blocks
35. Leaning centers
36. Research
Risk
Risk=(Vulnerability
s ( u e ab ty + Exposure)/Capacity
posu e)/Capac ty

HAZARD

EXPOSURE

VULNERABILITY
Potential for Disaster (RISK)
Categorization of Flood Risk
 Various Types
yp of Floods
• Floods occurred at down stream
river basin due to heavy rainfall
in upper watershed
• Floods occurred at river basin
due to heavy rainfall with in the
locality
• Inundation of local flat area due
to heavy intensity rainfall
• Dam breach/ unprecedented
Sluice gates opening
• High tide ,Strom surge
• Glacier lake out breach
 Flooding as a result of:
1 Unauthorized filling of canals and construction of
1.
unauthorized buildings
2. Blocking of waterways as a result of improper waste
di
disposal l methods
h d
3. Poor long term maintenance of canals resulting in
siltation and ggrowth of water hyacinth
y
4. Filling of retention areas
5. Poor land use planning and development of
unauthorized
h d settlements
l
Unauthorized Construction
 Type of Flood Levels
• Following flood levels are established for each River
Gauge Stations
- Minor Flood Level (Warning is issued)
- Major Flood Level (Prior warning issued)
- Dangerous Flood Level
- Critical Flood Level
 How Floods are
Generate?
By Rainfall fallen over the watershed
WATERSHED is the area where the runoff created by each drop of
rainfall fallen to the surface, flows toward the down stream
point of concerned

• Total Watershed Area = A Many Rain Gauges

Rainfall Pi

Area of Cell Ai

Total Area = A
Rainfall = Interception + Infiltration + Detention +
Runoff
Communityy Preparedness
p for flood
 Community Based DRM

• A process of disaster risk management in which

at risk communities are actively engaged in the
identification,, analysis,
y , treatment,, monitoring
g and
evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce
their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities.
- 07 Steps of CBDRM Process

1. Select Community
2. Rapport Building
3. Participatory Assessment
4. Participatory DRM Planning
5. Building and Training Community DRM Organization.
6. Community y Managed
g Implementation.
p
7. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation.
 CBDRM helps….
• Encourages maximum co-operation and high participation
• Leads to action on the part of community members
• M
Moves away from
f dependency
d d on outside
t id resources//
experts to the use of community resources/expertise
• It is a way of working to obtain a goal
• It is a wayy of workingg with ((rather than for)) p
people
p
• It is self-determined
• It is based on local leadership and initiative
• Attempts to maximize citizen control of decision making
• It is
i network
t k based
b d
• Focuses on strengths and capacities
• It is human resource intensive
• It is sustainable
 Community Based Approach
Encourages Capacity Building rather than Service Delivery

Service Delivery Capacity Building Facilitators

Reactive Proactive
N d driven
Needs di C
Core-problem
bl di
driven
Minimum participation High participation
Top down approach Bottom up approach
One approach Constantly reinventing approach
Creates dependency Power shifts to community
Static Adaptive as situation changes
Low training needs High training needs
 Participatory
p y Rapid
p Appraisal
pp
• Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) is a set of
approaches behaviors and methods for enabling people
approaches,
to do their own appraisal, analysis and planning, take their
own actions, and do their own visuals, such as diagrams
and maps.

• Also
Al called,
ll d PParticipatory
ti i t L
Learning
i and
dAAction
ti (PLA)
(PLA).
 Some PRA Tools
• Interviews
• Focused Group Discussion
• Observation /Survey
• Venn Diagram
• Timeline/Seasonality/Historical Transect
• Mapping Exercises
• Social
S i lM
Mapping
i
• Resource Mapping
• Hazard Mapping
• Vulnerability Mapping
Some PRA Tools
Some PRA Tools
Some PRA Tools
 Some PRA Tools

Also called ‘Roti/Chapati’ diagram in South Asia

 Effective PRA facilitator should
• Listen attentively & say little.
• Have good presentation skills.
• Be clear about objectives, content & method
• Rapport building with the participation is a must
• Rehearsal before attempt
• Maintain eyey contact
• Avoid artificial behavior
• Share life examples
• Create responsive environment
• Ensure active participation
• Do not hurry
• Be relevant
• Follow main Sequence
• Concentrate on the Issue
 Good PRA facilitator will
• Creates an atmosphere of friendliness and equality
• Stimulates Community members to reflect on their
problems
bl and d needs
d
• Gives opportunities to all participants, encourages
those who are not used to speak in group meetings.
• Li t
Listen, iis patient
ti t andd non-dominating,
d i ti nott biased
bi d or
judgmental
• Is modest
• H l people
Helps l to
t analyze
l their
th i situation
it ti and d tto plan
l
activities together
• Deepens the analysis by raising relevant questions
facilitating decision
decision-making
making by mediating between
different interests groups.
 What should know about?

Public
P bli Awareness
A and
d Capacity
C i
Building in flood Risk Management
 Raining and Cyclone Pattern

1. Northeast Monsoon Season – (December – February) (Cyclone session)

2. First Inter Monsoon Season – (March – April)

3
3. Southwest Monsoon Season – (May – September)

4. Second Inter Monsoon Season – (October – November) (Cyclone session)

3000 First Inter-

Inter 3000
South West
South-West
2000

1500 Monsoon
2000

1500
Monsoon
1000

750 (Mar-Apr)
1000

750
(May-Sep)
500 500

250
268 mm/ 250

14% 556 mm
30%
Second North-East
3000
Inter- 3000 Monsoon
2000

(Dec-Feb)
2000

1500

1000
Monsoon 1500

1000

750

500
(Oct-Nov) 750

500

250 250
479 mm
558 mm 26%
30%
Major Hazard prediction calendar in Sri Lanka
Disaster Event & Impacts
River basing map of Sri Lanka Topographical map of Sri Lanka
Demography

Percentage distribution of population

by ethnicity, 2012

9.30 % 0.50 %

4.10 %

Sinhalese

11.1 %

Tamil

74.99.% Indian Tamil

9

SL Moor
Flood Inundated Area in Kelani Flood Inundated Area in Kalu
River Basin River Basin
River Gauge Station
 Bridge Gauge Station

Gauge at Nagalagam Street

 Disaster Management Framework
National to Local Level
• National Disaster Management Coordinating Committee
National • Emergency Response Committee

• District Disaster Management Committees

District

• Divisional Disaster Management Committees

Divisional

• Village Disaster Management Committee

GN
• Sub Committees at GN Level
Using Google Map
Sub Committees at village Level

Early Warning

Evacuation
i /S/ &R

Medical / Health & first aids

Camp Management

Village Security
 Community Based Early Warning Sysytem with Simple Rain Gauge in vulnerable areas of
the Community

 Information from Key House to neighboring house

 Checking with the Key House by neighboring house
 Information sharing paths between neighboring houses
Flood warning and evacuation
Early Warning Dissemination System
Receive data and information Technical Agencies
Police
Disaster &
Generate warning messages Management Military
for the community Centre Communication &
M di Centre
Media C
Dissemination DDMCU District Level
Of Warning
Messages Divisional Level Police & Military

Last Mile GN Level

Dissemination
Vulnerable
Community
Awareness & Training
Conducting Mock drills
Educate the community on Modes of communications
 National Level
 TV Stations
 Radio Station
Early Warning Unit
 Early Warning Towers 24 x 7 Emergency Operations Centre
 Police & Military Communication 117 Call center/119/1919 call centers
 Cell Broadcast/ SMS
 Technical Devices
 Satellite & Radio Communication (HF & VHF)
 Telephones / CDMA/ GSM
 Provincial
P i i l / Di
District
t i t LLevell
 Radio Communication Emergency Operations Centre
 Telephones / CDMA/ GSM Police & Military Communication
 Divisional level / Village Level
 Telephones / CDMA/ GSM
 Police Vehicles – Announcements Early Warning Sub Committees/Teams
 PA Systems NGOs and CBOs
 Sirens
 Temple and church bells Vulaters
 Riders/ Push Bicycle & Motor Cycles/Messengers
 Visual (rain gauges/river gauges)
“Last Mile ” Dissemination
National Community

Communication Tools

Tsunami Warning
Multi hazard Temple Bell
EW tower Flood Warning
DMC

District
Divisional
GN L d k car
Loudspeaker SMS
Police
Evacuation Instruction
Military in collaboration with CBDM
Media

Mega phone Rider/

Messenger
Emergency response on flood.
Response to Damp Breach
Camp Management
Reduce Flood
Disasters
saste s
• Maintain detention basins
• Maintain Forest cover
• Avoid blocking stream paths &
river sections
• Protect Flood bunds & flood
protection structures
• Proper maintenance of drainage
paths leading to the streams
How to face Flood Disaster
• Be vigilant during bad weather periods
• B ready
Be d tto evacuatet with
ith th
the fi
firstt warning
i
• Send vulnerable people to safe houses sicks, elders, infants, disables.. Etc..
• Keep valuable property safe, out of the reach of water
• When evacuation is proclaimed
proclaimed, move away from the premises immediately with valuable
documents, cash & valuables, essential medicines, minimum linen, infant food items, torch,
pocket radio, mobile telephone (Take your Disaster pouch)etc..
• Listen to radio for further warnings
• Walk out of the way of water (better not to use vehicles)
• Move in teams, not alone
• Never try to cross water
• Very Important …. Help l to eachh other..
h
Don’t do When flood
 Avoid Flood Disaster

• Not to live or build houses in flood plains

• Not to live or build houses very close to , Streams & Rivers
• Not to block flood water drainage systems
• Let water flows where it flows
 Disaster
Insurance
Coverageg
Covers lives and properties, specifically all
households and small business establishments
(any business of which annual turnover does
not exceed LKR 10 M) covered up to 2.5
million rupees each in respect of damages(per
event) caused to their property and contents
due to Cyclones, Storm, Tempest, Flood, Land
slide, Hurricane, Earthquake, Tsunami and any
other
h similar
l naturall perils,
l excluding
l d Drought. h

All Fishermen registered under Department of

Fisheries will be covered to the value of Rs.1
Million each
each.

Limitations
•Death compensation
p other than fisherman death - Rs.100,000.00
,
•Property damage (House and SME) - Max Rs.2.5 Mn
•Fisherman death - Rs.1,000,000.00 (1 Mn)
Quick Tips for Awareness and capacity building
• Share the right information clearly.
• Seeks attention of the target audience.
• Message should be short, sweet and simple
• Each message should also give a message of benefit so that
the people are enthusiastic/ eager to know more about it.
• The consistency and the sequencing of the messages play a
very important role for effective communication of the
message.
• Pre-test your material with a sample audience.
• Message must be linked with support and resources so
target audiences can act in the manner which is being
recommended.
Any Other ways to
Response
p to Flood
Disaster
Search

&

Rescue
 RECOMMENDATION

Improve your
“Ability
Ability to judge the disasters
disasters”
THE INTERNATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE
SYSTEM

Arjun Katoch
Disaster Response Advisor
Gandhinagar, 27 Oct 2017
1.What is the International Humanitarian Communityy and
who are the Responders?
2. International humanitarian coordination structures at
global and country level
3. Case Studyy – UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination
at the Sri Lanka Floods, 2003
 What is the International Humanitarian Community?

A wide group of civilian actors, national or international,

UN or non-UN, Governmental or non-governmental who
have a commitment to humanitarian principles and are
engaged in humanitarian activities.
• Government
/international/regional
organizations
i ti
• United Nations
• RedR dC Cross/Red
/R d CCrescentt
• NGO & Others
• Private
P i t sectort
• Local community
AFFECTED COUNTRY – THE FIRST RESPONDERS
 UN AGENCIES LIKELY TO BE PRESENT –
WFP, UNICEF, UNHCR, UNDP, OCHA

• The worlds largest international food aid organization / one of

the world
world’ss largest logistics organisations
organisations.
• 11,367 international and national staff in 83 offices worldwide.
• g
2015 budget: USD 5.05 billon
• In 2015 WFP delivered 3.2 million tons of food to over 80 Million
people in 82 Countries around the world.
RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
RED CROSS AND RED
CRESCENT MOVEMENT

International Committee RC (ICRC)

Based in Geneva, the ICRC provides protection and assistance
for victims of war and armed violence.
violence Promotes international
Humanitarian Law

International Federation RC (IFRC)

Includes 186 national Red Cross/Red Crescent societies.
Manages or supports programmes in more than 150 countries.
These programmes assist millions of the world's most
vulnerable people,
people including victims of natural and other
disasters, refugees and displaced people and those affected by
socio-economic
soc o eco o c problems
p ob e s
NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS ( NGOs)
NON GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs)
BILATERAL/ MULTILATERAL DONORS/PRIVATE SECTOR
REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS
MILITARY FORCES

10
CYCLONE NARGIS – MYANMAR 2008
Indian Army
Chinese Army
TENETS OF INTERNATIONAL NATURAL
DISASTER RESPONSE
• All International Assistance is in support of National
Authorities - on request
• The UN General Assembly has mandated the
Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) who is also
Under Secretary General OCHA to coordinate
International Response
• Bilateral Assistance predominates
EMERGENCY RELIEF COORDINATOR
EMERGENCY RELIEF
COORDINATOR
Mark Lowcock

General Assembly Resolution 46/182, December 1991

•United Nations’ USG for Humanitarian Affairs, Head of OCHA

•Processes requests from Member States for emergency aid
•Collects and analyses early warning information and inter-
agency needs assessments
•Prepares situation reports for the international community
•Mobilizes international emergency relief
•Negotiates access to populations in need of assistance
•Chairs the Inter-Agency
Inter Agency Standing Committee (IASC)
•Manages world-wide network of Humanitarian Coordinators
COORDINATION OF INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE

Disaster affected country International response

• National disaster relief coord. • Donor governments/Agencies
• Embassies/Donor Reps • UN agencies
ASSISTANCE
• UN agencies’ reps. /
• Red Cross/Crescent family.
y
• National Red Cross/Crescent
• International NGO’s
• National NGO’s
Others (including military)
•Others
Representatives of
OCHA (ResReps/UNDAC)
Information on
needs/international
Information on response
Needs & national UN
response
What is NOT needed OCHA
( ERC)
 RESPONSE TOOLS AVAILABLE TO OCHA

• 24 hours Duty system

• Appeals
• Emergency Cash Grants
• Environmental Emergency
• Section
• UN Disaster Assessment and
Coordination Team (UNDAC)
• OSOCC
•International Urban SAR Teams
• National Military Assets
• Cluster System
 INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
INTER-AGENCY STANDING COMMITTEE (IASC)
( )

OCHA UNHCR (UN NGOs incl.

UNICEF ((UN Refugee
g Agency)
g y) Interaction (US-based)
Children’s Fund) UNFPA (UN SCHR (Steering Committee on
WFP (World Food Population Fund) Humanitarian Response)
ICVA (Intl. Council of Voluntary
Programme) OHCHR (UN
A
Agencies)
i )
WHO (World Human Rights
Health Org.) Agency)
FAO (Food &
Agriculture Org.)
ICRC (Intl. Committee)
IFRC (Intl. Federation)
IOM (International Org
Org. for Migration)
World Bank & other International Financial Institutions (IFI)
16
 SECTORAL HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE - CLUSTERS

The Cluster
Approach is
designed to provide:

Predictability,
A
Accountability
t bilit
and
Partnership in
all response
sectors

Better support
for national-led
response tools

Common standards
and tools
17
HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION – COUNTRY LEVEL
HC / RC
OCHA

Humanitarian Country Team

Crosss-Cuttingg Issuess
NGOs Country UN Agency Country UN Agency Country Representative /
Representative Representative Head of Cluster Lead Agency

OCHA

Inter-Cluster Coordination Team

Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster
Coordinator Coordinator Coordinator Coordinator

Clusters Clusters Clusters Clusters

Cluster Members Cluster Members Cluster Members Cluster Members

DY - UNDAC MISSION FOR THE SRI LANKA FLO
20 –31 MAY 2003
 SRI LANKA FLOODS – THE SITUATION
• Unusually heavy rain on 18& 19 May 2003 in Sabaragamuwa
mountains and Ratnapura district
• Led to landslides & flash floods in mountains and severe flooding of
rivers leading down to the sea. Worst in last 50 years.
• Caused 235 deaths, mainly from landslides in Ratnapura district and
severe flooding in low lying districts of Kalutara
Kalutara, Galle and Matara
Matara.
approx 140,000 families affected directly. Hambantota district also
flooded, not severely
• Sri Lanka requested international assistance - large scale Indian
response in kind
• UNDAC team left on 20 May for Colombo
 THE UNDAC TEAM
• Arjun Katoch, OCHA Geneva ( Team Leader)
• Terje Skavdal,
Skavdal Norway
• Gilbert Greenall, UK
• Eliane Pro
Provo
o Kl
Kluit,
it Netherlands
• Goder Yohannes, UNDP Geneva
 UNDAC - ACTIONS ON ARRIVAL

• Arrival In Country

• Initial Actions
- National Coordination meeting
- Meeting
M ti th the UN Res
R Coord
C d
- Discussions with the Govt

• Allocation of tasks to UNDAC team

- Assist Govt in establishing coord structure
- Support Govt assessment of needs
- Link to rehabilitation
 SUPPORTING ASSESSMENT AND GOVT
REQUEST FOR INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

• Field Assessment

- 22 May - Galle & Matara districts

- 23 May – Galle, Matara, Kalutara districts
- 24 May-
May- Matara & Hamabantota districts, Morwaka town
- 24 May - Ratnapura district

• Supporting the initial assessment and Govt request for international

assistance
 INTERACTION WITH THE GOVT
- Minister for Power & Energy and Minister for Social Welfare
- Assisted in establishing Coordination structure
- The Sri Lankan Armed Forces
- The Operations Room, Prime Minister’
Minister ’s Office , Colombo
- District Government Agents
- Encouraged intl NGOs to coordinate with district authorities
- A i dG
Assisted Govt to prepare ffor C
Coordination
di i b briefings
i fi
- Assisted Govt prepare request for international assistance
 SUPPORTING THE COORDINATION
STRUCTURE
• National Coordination meetings ( incl weather forecast)

• Sectoral meetings
- Water and sanitation
- Health
- Education

• Integration of the Operations Room

- Civil administration
- Army
- International entities

• UNVs in Districts
 COORDINATION MEETING 28 MAY AGENDA

Weather forecast
Minister’’s overview of emergency
Minister
Relief
R li f activities
ti iti to
t date
d t
– National response
– International response
p
Reports from affected districts
– Ratnapura
– Galle
– Matara
– Kalutara
– H b t t
Hambantota
Report from sectoral groups
– Water and sanitation
– Health
Announcements
Government of Sri Lanka
Fl d May
Floods M 2003

Request
q for
f Assistance
The Document covers :-
Information on the five worst hit districts –
Galle,Ratnapura,Kalutara,Matara &
Hambantota
Sectors :
Health , Water & Sanitation
Relief to IDPs
Education
Infrastructure rehabilitation
Irrigation
Disaster Management & Preparedness
 THE HANDOVER
• To Government entities
- Coordination meetings preparation
- Draft Govt document for request for international assistance

• To the UN Country Team

p
- International contact desk at operations room
- Sectoral follow up
- A handover document