TOPIC: AN ENDANGERED SPECIES IN PERU

MEMBERS: ✓ PATRICK OLIVER TUESTA LOMAS

✓ SARALUZ NAYELI ESPINOZA GUTIÉRREZ
✓ MAYDA MELENDEZ MAMANI

TEACHER: ADELA MENDOZA CHACOLLI

COURSE: ENGLISH
SEMESTER: SECOND

TACNA – PERÚ
2024
 HUMBOLDT PENGUIN

INTRODUCTION:
The Humboldt penguin is one of the Peruvian birds that is in danger of extinction by man,
which is among the main responsible for the decline of this species. Actions to change
this situation involve becoming aware of the need to preserve the Humboldt penguin as
a representative of our biodiversity, but before this is necessary to know aspects of his
life that can be passed on to all people in the world.

DESCRIPTION:
The Humboldt penguin has a thick layer of fat that repels water and allows it to
maintain a comfortable body temperature, despite living in very cold climates.
They have large heads, short necks, wings in the shape of fins, dark bodies
and light bellies. This allows them to camouflage themselves in full sunlight or
in the dark at night, even in the water. It has a 10 cm beak and the maximum
height this bird can reach is 72 cm and weighs between 3.3 and 4.9 kg. They
are excellent swimmers and very fast.

HABITAT:
The Humboldt penguin lives along the coast from Foca Island (Piura, northern
Peru) to Guafo Island (south of Chile). It lives in the coastal areas of Chile and
Peru, in the open sea and rocky coasts near cliffs or on islands opposite the
coasts of Chile or Peru. These birds nest in small groups, usually in holes or
caves.

FEEDING:
About 95% of the diet of Humboldt penguins is based on fish, of which up to
30 species have been recorded. These flightless birds feed mainly on
anchovy, silversides, sardines, squid and crustaceans, and can eat up to half
a kilo of fish per day.
REASONS ABOUT EXTINCTION:
Its predators such as orcas, sharks, gulls, as well as man are the reason
why this Peruvian bird is in danger of extinction.
The main causes of their extinction are the El Niño phenomenon, climate
change, drag fishing when penguins get stuck, illegal hunting, habitat loss
due to the shortage of guano.
Man is one of their main predators, reducing their nesting areas, accidentally
capturing them in fishing nets, as well as capturing them voluntarily to sell
their stuffed skins. Other reasons why this bird is in danger of extinction are
the lack of food due to overfishing of anchovy, marine pollution and dynamite
fishing.

CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, the Humboldt penguin is on the verge of extinction due to major human
causes, to avoid its extinction we must be aware of how important this bird is. We must
take care of the last remaining groups since it is an endemic species of the Humboldt
Current region.
We can prevent their extinction by following a series of rules, such as avoiding polluting
the sea, fishing with dynamite, reducing their feeding by overfishing, capturing them
voluntarily, as well as avoiding invading or destroying their nests.