Group 2

Covid19-pandemic

Team Members:

Sweety Agarwal B20234

Khushboo B20208
Awantika Deora B20150
Diya Ashish B20097
Abhinav B21001
Dippin B20007
Titiksha Behal B20138

1) The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health disaster caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
It was discovered in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread over the world. The virus
spreads predominantly by respiratory droplets, causing symptoms ranging from mild cold-like
symptoms to severe respiratory distress and death. It has had far-reaching social, economic,
and healthcare consequences, prompting lockdowns, travel restrictions, and vaccination drives
to stem its spread.

2) An epidemic is defined as a rapid increase in the number of instances of a disease in a

particular geographical region or population. A pandemic, on the other hand, is an epidemic that
has spread to numerous nations or continents, impacting a huge percentage of the world's
population.

3) Pandemics in history include:

1. Justinian Plague
● Year: 541-542
● Organism: Yersinia pestis (bubonic plague)
2. Black Death
● Year: 1347-1351
● Organism: Yersinia pestis (bubonic plague)
3. Spanish Flu
● Year: 1918-1919
● Organism: Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (H1N1 influenza)
4. HIV/AIDS Pandemic
● Year: 1981-present
● Organism: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
5. COVID-19 Pandemic
● Year: 2019-present
● Organism: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

4) The advent of novel infectious agents, increasing human-to-human transmission,

globalization, and urbanization are all causes of pandemics. COVID-19 was likely transmitted
from animal to person in a seafood market in Wuhan. International travel aided in its fast
worldwide expansion.
5) During the COVID-19 pandemic, ethical problems include allocating limited medical
resources, prioritizing vaccinations, disinformation, and privacy concerns about contact tracing
and immunization records.

6) Initiatives to avoid future pandemics include expanding monitoring and early warning
systems, encouraging zoonotic disease research, upgrading hospital infrastructure, increasing
international collaboration, and investing in vaccine development and delivery. Hygiene
promotion and immunization initiatives are also critical public health interventions.