Learning Based Approach

Machine learning tasks

can be classified into
❑Supervised learning
❑Unsupervised learning
❑Reinforcement learning
 Supervised learning
• In a supervised learning model, the dataset which is
fed to the machine is labelled .
• There are two types of Supervised Learning models:

models work on datasets which

models work on
are labelled and then predict the
continuous data.
label of the testing dataset.

Classification Regression
Suppose you have a data set entailing images of
different bikes and cars. Now you need to train
the machine on how to classify all the different
images. How will you create your labelled data?
 Classification. Regression:

Height(cms) Age(months)
74 17
The spam filters in an email is an 76 19
example of how classification 78 21
works. 80 23
Unsupervised learning models can be further divided into two
categories:
Refers to the unsupervised learning
algorithm which can cluster the
unknown data according to the
patterns or trends identified out of it.

Clusterin
g
In Natural language Processing, the words are considered to be
N-Dimensional entities. Which means that we cannot visualise
them as they exist beyond our visualisation ability. Hence, to make
sense out of it, we need to reduce their dimensions. Here,
dimensionality reduction algorithm is used.

Dimensionality
Reduction

To reduce the dimensions and still be able to make sense out of the data.
The number of input variables or features for a dataset is
referred to as its Dimensionality.
Large numbers of input features can cause poor performance
for machine learning algorithms.
Dimensionality reduction is a general field of study concerned
with reducing the number of input features.
Let’s play a game:
We have an agent, a robot, and a reward
(diamond here) with many hurdles (fires)
in between.
The goal of the robot is to get the reward
(diamond) and to avoid the hurdles (fire).
The robot learns by trying all the possible
paths and then chooses the path which
reaches the reward while encountering
the least hurdles. Each correct step will
bring the robot closer to the diamond
while accumulating some points and each
wrong step will push the robot away from
the diamond and will take away some of
the accumulated points. The reward
(diamond) will be assigned to the robot
when it reaches the final stage of the Reinforcement
game
Learning
 Supervised
Vs
Unsupervised
Vs
Reinforcement Learning
Labeled data set of Only unlabeled input No input/predefined
input and output. is given. It will not add is provided .Its input
Machine already knows labels into the output depends on its action
the output at training also. It will be able to .It collects the data
period .After the classify the data as from the action .Each
training the machine per the patterns or action fetches a
will be fed new dataset characteristics of reward or a demerit.
to predict the result. data.
Reinforcement learning- Robotics-(robot does not know any thing
about its surrounding. Its world depends on its action whether it
chooses to go left or right or forward).
Forecast Discover Learn series of
outcomes underlying
patterns , action
association etc.
Training is well defined. In
the training phase the
algorithm is fed with the
proper input whose output
/result is known. Hence it is
like a trainer supervising
the entire thing process.
In unsupervised training There is no
there is no labeled data. training data
The algorithm has to given. The whole
identify the trends the reinforcement
data with out knowing the process
result hence training is combines training
vague. and testing.
Approach is very clear. Algorithm has to find out No data input. It
The algorithm only have the association or trends has to use a trial
to map the know input to in the data and then come and error method
the know output. out with result with out like a child learns
any external help. and adapts to the
world on its own.
used in business for Recommendations on
risk analysis, sales websites, fraud detection,
Self Driving
forecast ,credit clustering movies on the
cars, gaming
analysis, etc basis of the likes on social
media ,market basket
association
 Supervised learning
Supervised learning is a type of system in which
both input and desired output data are provided.
The term supervised learning comes from the idea
that an algorithm is learning from a training
dataset, which can be thought of as the teacher.
Supervised machine learning systems provide the
learning algorithms with known quantities to
support future judgments.
Applications of supervised learning are typically
broken down into two categories, classification
and regression.
Unsupervised Learning

❑ An unsupervised learning model works on unlabelled

dataset.
❑The data which is fed to the machine is random and there is
a possibility that the person who is training the model does
not have any information regarding it.
❑ The unsupervised learning models are used to identify
relationships, patterns and trends out of the data which is fed
into it.
❑ It helps the user in understanding what the data is about
and what are the major features identified by the machine in
it.
❑Unsupervised models can be further divided into clustering
,dimensionality reduction,association.
Reinforcement Machine Learning

❑Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning

paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised
learning.

❑In reinforcement learning, the machine is not given examples

of correct input-output pairs, but a method is provided to the
machine to measure its performance in the form of a reward.

❑Reinforcement learning methods resemble how humans and

animals learn, the machine carries out numerous activities and
gets rewarded whenever it does something well.