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Database Processing, 15e (Kroenke)

Chapter 1: Introduction
1) The purpose of a database is to help people keep track of things.

Answer: TRUE
AACSB: Information Technology
Difficulty: Easy
LO: To understand the nature and characteristics of databases
Classification: Concept
2) In a database, each table stores data about a different type of thing.

Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
3) Like a spreadsheet, a database table has rows and columns.

Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
4) In every database, not just the databases discussed in this book, table names are capitalized.
Answer: FALSE
5) A database shows data in tables as well as the relationships among the rows in those tables.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
LO: To gain a general understanding of tables and relationships
1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
6) Data is recorded facts and figures; information is knowledge derived from data.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
2
7) Databases record data in such a way that they can produce information.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
8) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an example of a data mining application.

Answer: FALSE
LO: To survey some important and interesting database applications
9) Databases are a key component of e-commerce order entry, billing, shipping, and customer
support.
Answer: TRUE
10) The largest databases in e-commerce are the order entry databases.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Difficult
11) E-commerce companies use Web activity databases to determine which items on a Web page
are popular and successful.
Answer: TRUE
LO: To understand the importance of databases in Internet Web applications and smartphone
apps
12) A surrogate key is a key typically used in place of a foreign key.

Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
13) A database system is typically defined as its four components: users, database applications,
the DBMS and the databases.
3
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
14) Databases based on the CODASYL standard are based on the network data model.
Answer: TRUE
LO: To understand the history and development of database processing
15) Applications are computer programs used directly by users.

Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
16) Applications usually write data directly to the database.

Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
17) Sequenced Query Language (SQL) is an internationally recognized standard language that is
understood by all commercial database management system products.
Answer: FALSE
18) In database systems, indexes are held in the database.

Answer: TRUE
LO: To define the term database and describe what is contained within the database
4
19) A database management system (DBMS) creates, processes and administers databases.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
LO: To define the term database management system (DBMS) and describe the functions of a
DBMS
20) The database management system (DBMS) is responsible for inserting, modifying, reading,
and deleting data.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
DBMS
21) Knowledge workers are programmers who write applications that process the database.
Answer: TRUE
LO: To define and understand database design in database redesign
22) The database management system (DBMS) is responsible for enforcing referential integrity
constraints.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
DBMS
23) Referential integrity constraints are rules about what data values are allowed in certain
columns.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
5
24) A database is a self-describing collection of non-integrated tables.
Answer: FALSE
25) Integrated tables store both data and the relationships among the data.
Answer: TRUE
26) Microsoft Access is just a DBMS.

Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
LO: To describe the components of a Microsoft Access database system and explain the
functions they perform
27) Microsoft Access is a low-end product intended for individuals and small workgroups.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
28) The current DBMS engine in Microsoft Access is called ADE.

Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
29) In Microsoft Access, you can use ODBC to connect to SQL Server in place of the ADE
database engine.
Answer: TRUE
Classification: Application
6
30) In an enterprise-class database system, a database application interacts with the DBMS.
Answer: TRUE
LO: To describe the components of an enterprise-class database system and explain the
31) In an enterprise-class database system, a database application accesses the database data.
Answer: FALSE
32) In an enterprise-class database system, business users interact directly with the DBMS,
which directly accesses the database data.
Answer: FALSE
33) All database applications send and receive database data by sending SQL statements to the
DBMS.
Answer: TRUE
DBMS
34) According to the text, IBM’s DB2 is the DBMS with the most power and features.
Answer: FALSE
35) According to the text, Oracle Corporation’s Oracle Database is considered the most difficult
DBMS to use.
Answer: TRUE
7
36) According to the text, Microsoft’s SQL Server is the easiest DBMS to use.
Answer: FALSE
37) According to the text, Microsoft Access has the least power and features of any major
DBMS.
Answer: TRUE
38) A database is called self-describing because it reduces data duplication.

Answer: FALSE
LO: To define the term metadata and provide examples of metadata
39) The description of a database's structure that is stored within the database itself is called the
metadata.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
40) Indexes are data structures that speed database searches.

Answer: TRUE
41) Database design is important, and fortunately it is simple to do.

Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
LO: To define and understand database design from existing data
8
42) A database design may be part of a new systems development project.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
LO: To define and understand database design as new systems development
43) A database design is rarely a redesign of an existing database.

Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
44) Each row in a database table is also known as a record.

Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
45) Data Language/I (DL/I) structured data relationships as a tree structure.

Answer: TRUE
46) The CODASYL DBTG model structured data relationships as a tree structure.
Answer: FALSE
47) The relational model was first proposed in 1970 by E. F. Codd at IBM.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
9
48) The 1977 edition of this text contained a chapter on the relational model, and that chapter
was reviewed by E. F. Codd.
Answer: TRUE
49) dBase was the first PC-based DBMS to implement true relational algebra on a PC.
Answer: FALSE
50) Paradox is the only major survivor of the "bloodbath of PC DBMS products."
Answer: FALSE
51) Business organizations have resisted adopting object-oriented database systems because the
cost of purchasing OODBMS packages is prohibitively high.
Answer: FALSE
52) Bill Gates has said that "XML is the lingua-franca of the Internet Age."
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
53) XML Web services allow database processing to be shared across the Internet.
Answer: TRUE
apps
10
54) The NoSQL movement could also be called a NoRelational movement.
Answer: TRUE
55) Twitter and Facebook use NoSQL databases.

Answer: TRUE
LO: To understand the history and development of database processing Classification: Concept
56) The purpose of a database is to ________.

A) help people keep track of things
B) store data in tables
C) create tables of rows and columns
D) maintain data on different things in different tables
Answer: A
57) A database stores ________.

A) data
B) relationships
C) applications
D) Both A and B are correct
Answer: D
58) Which of the following statements is true about Web 2.0?

A) It requires the Android Operating System.
B) It allows users to add content to Web sites.
C) Twitter and Facebook are examples of Web 2.0 sites.
D) Both B and C are correct
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
apps
11
59) A sales contact manager used by a salesperson is an example of a(n) ________.
A) single-user database application
B) multiuser database application
C) e-commerce database application
D) data mining application
Answer: A
60) A Customer Resource Management (CRM) system is an example of a(n) ________.

D) digital dashboard
Answer: B
61) An online drugstore such as Drugstore.com is an example of a(n) ________.

D) enterprise resource planning system
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
62) The industry standard supported by all major DBMSs that allows tables to be joined together
is called ________.
A) Sequential Query Language (SQL)
B) Structured Question Language (SQL)
C) Structured Query Language (SQL)
D) Standard Question Language (SQL)
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
63) A program whose job is to create, process and administer databases is called a ________.
A) database modeling system
12
B) database management system
C) data business model system
D) relational model manager
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
DBMS
64) Microsoft Access includes ________.

A) a DBMS
B) an application generator
C) a Web server
Answer: D
65) Microsoft Access may use which of the following DBMS engines?
A) ADE
B) SQL Server
C) Oracle
Answer: D
66) Which of the following is not an XML Web service standard?

A) SOAP
B) WSDL
C) Ethernet
D) UDDI
Answer: C
apps
67) Which of the following statements is not true for an enterprise-class database system?
13
A) The database application(s) interact(s) with the DBMS.
B) The database application(s) directly access(es) the database data.
C) The DBMS accesses the database data.
D) The application generates SQL statements.
Answer: B
68) Which of the following database systems is not enterprise-class?

A) Microsoft SQL Server
B) Microsoft Access
C) Oracle Database
D) IBM DB2
Answer: B
69) In an enterprise-class database system, reports are created by ________.

A) the user
B) the database application
C) the database management system (DBMS)
D) the database
Answer: B
70) Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) is a technology used to ________.

A) connect servers to a client in a Client-Server architecture
B) connect to web pages over the Internet
C) connect applications to a DBMS
D) connect hardware devices to a computer system
Answer: B
AACSB:
Classification:
14
71) In database systems, the DBMS enforces rules about which data can be written in certain
columns. These rules are known as ________.
A) data insertion control
B) data modification control
C) concurrency control
D) referential integrity constraints
Answer: D
DBMS
72) In database systems, the DBMS enforces rules about which user can perform which action
when. The rules are known as ________.
A) referential integrity constraints
B) data modification control
C) data reading control
D) concurrency control
Answer: D
DBMS
73) A database is considered self-describing because ________.

A) all the users' data is in one place
B) it reduces data duplication
C) it contains a description of its own structure
D) it contains a listing of all the programs that use it
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
74) A database consists of integrated tables, which store ________.

A) reports
B) data and relationships among the data
C) forms
D) Both A and C are correct
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
15
75) Which of the following statements is not true for primary keys in a relational database
system?
A) They can be used to create relationships between tables.
B) They must contain numeric data.
C) They uniquely identify a row in a table.
D) They can be part of relational integrity constraints.
Answer: B
76) This database component is used to maintain database accuracy and enforce data constraints.
A) tables
B) metadata
C) triggers
D) stored procedures
Answer: C
77) This database component can be used as part of applications and for administration tasks.
A) tables
B) metadata
C) triggers
D) stored procedures
Answer: D
78) A database designed using spreadsheets from the Sales department is a database being
designed ________.
A) from existing data
B) as a new systems development project
C) as a redesign of an existing database
D) as a NoSQL database
Answer: A
16
79) A(n) _______________ is used by a senior manager to extract, summarize, and consolidate
operational databases.
A) data mining application
B) digital dashboard
C) e-commerce site application
D) customer relationship management application
Answer: B
80) A database designed to combine two databases used by the Sales department is a database
being designed ________.
A) from existing data
B) as a new systems development project
C) as a redesign of an existing database
Answer: C
81) Database professionals use ________ as specific data sources for studies and analyses.
A) data marts
B) normalization
C) data models
D) entity-relationship data modeling
Answer: A
82) Database professionals use a set of principles called ________ to guide and assess database
design.
A) database extraction
B) normalization
C) data models
Answer: B
17
83) A very popular development technique used by database professionals for database design is
known as ________.
A) database extraction
B) normalization
C) data models
Answer: D
84) A very popular development technique used by database professionals to adopt a database
design to a new or changing requirement is known as ________.
A) normalization
B) data models
C) entity-relationship data modeling
D) database migration
Answer: D
85) The predecessors of database processing were ________.

A) file managers
B) hierarchical models
C) network models
D) relational data models
Answer: A
86) Which statement is not true about the relational model?

A) It was first proposed in 1970.
B) It was developed by E. F. Codd.
C) It was developed at Oracle.
D) It resulted in the DBMS product DB2.
Answer: C
18
87) Modern microcomputer personal DBMS products ________.
A) are supplied by several well-established manufacturers
B) were essentially made obsolete by Microsoft Access
C) have poor response time
D) are not true DBMS products
Answer: B
88) Business organizations have resisted adopting object-oriented database management systems
because ________.
A) the cost of purchasing OODBMS packages is prohibitively high
B) the cost of converting data from relational databases to OODBMSs is too high
C) most large organizations have older applications that are not based on object oriented
programming
D) Both B and C are correct
Answer: D
89) For database development, the most important Web-related technology to emerge in recent
years is ________.
A) FTP
B) HTTP
C) XML
D) OODBMS
Answer: C
apps
90) For database development, a challenge to the relational model and the use of SQL is known
as ________.
A) the Web services movement
B) the NoSQL movement
C) the SOAP movement
D) the XML movement
Answer: B
19
91) What is the purpose of a database, and how does the database accomplish this purpose?
Answer: The purpose of a database is to help people keep track of things. It accomplishes this
by storing data in tables. Similar to a spreadsheet, each table has rows and columns. A database
usually has multiple tables to keep track of different but related things. For example, we might
have a CUSTOMER table to keep track of customers and a PRODUCT table to keep track of the
things we sell. Each row in each table holds data about a particular instance (i.e., one customer or
one product). The database also stores the links between the tables, so that we can track which
customers bought which products (note: this will require an additional table if one customer can
buy more than one product and one product can be sold to more than one customer).
92) What are the four components of a database system?

Answer: The four components in a database system are: the user, the database application, the
database management system (DBMS) and the database. The user interacts with the database
application, which interacts with the DBMS, which controls the database. The functions of the
database application include creating and processing forms, creating and transmitting queries and
creating and processing reports. The DBMS creates databases, tables and supporting structures,
manages database data, enforces rules and provides security. The database stores user data,
database metadata, indexes, triggers, stored procedures and application metadata.
93) Briefly describe the function of an application program in a database system.

Answer: The application program is responsible for creating and processing forms. The
application displays the form to the user, allows the user to complete the data entry, evaluates the
form to determine which data management tasks need to be performed, and transmits the
appropriate requests to the DBMS. The application creates and transmits queries. The queries are
requests for data that are created in a language like SQL, and transmitted to the DBMS to have
the requested data returned to the application program. The application also creates and
processes reports. The query to retrieve the necessary data for the report is sent to the DBMS.
When the DBMS returns the needed data, the application manipulates it as necessary to create
the requested report. The application program also applies application logic to control the
manipulation of data in accordance with the business rules. Finally, the application program is
responsible for providing control. Control must be exercised to allow the users to make choices
for functions and tasks as appropriate for their jobs as well as to manage the activities of the
DBMS.
20
94) What components are included in a database?
Answer: The database contains user data, metadata, indexes and other overhead data, and
application metadata. User data is the data from the user's environment that they want to track.
Metadata is data about the structure of the database. Indexes and other overhead data are
structures that the database uses to improve performance. Finally, the application metadata is
data about forms, reports, and other application components that some databases, particularly
those created with desktop DBMS products, store with the database.
95) Why do we say a database is self-describing and why is this an advantage?

Answer: A database is considered self-describing because it contains a description of its own
structure within the database itself. This description is called the metadata, and it is stored in
specialized tables in relational databases. The advantage is that the database is self-documenting,
and that a knowledgeable user or a database designer can easily access the metadata. All DBMS
vendors provide tools to access the metadata within their products.
96) What is metadata and how does it relate to the definition of a database?
Answer: Metadata is data about the structure of the database itself. This includes data about the
names of all tables and columns in the database, the data type of each column in each table, and
the properties of the tables and the columns, etc. Metadata accounts for the self-describing aspect
of the definition of a database as a "self-describing collection of integrated tables."
21
97) Briefly describe the function of the DBMS in a database system.
Answer: The DBMS creates the database and the tables and structures within it. The DBMS also
reads and updates the database data. It receives requests from application programs to perform
data maintenance tasks. These requests are translated into actions that are performed on the
database. In addition to maintaining the user data within the database, the DBMS also maintains
the database structures. The DBMS also enforces any rules that have been defined to govern the
values of the data, such as data type requirements and referential integrity constraints. The
DBMS controls concurrency issues, which deal with the unwanted interruption of one user's
work by another user's work. As the only point of entry into the database, the DBMS also
provides security for the database to restrict users' access to only the data that they have authority
to read or modify. Finally, the DBMS is responsible for the creation of backup copies of the
database data and for restoring the database in case a recovery is required.
DBMS
98) What are referential integrity constraints? Give an example.

Answer: A referential integrity constraint is a rule that restricts certain actions on the database
data. A referential integrity constraint is used to ensure that the values in a field in one table have
matching tables in a corresponding field in another table. These constraints are enforced by the
DBMS, which will not allow changes to the values of the database that would result in violations
of this rule. For example, a database has an EMPLOYEE table and a VEHICLE table that are
used to store data on employees and the vehicles that they are assigned to drive. The
EMPLOYEE table has a column called EmployeeID that is used to distinguish one employee
record from another. The VEHICLE table also has an EmployeeID column that is used to
associate a vehicle with the appropriate employee. A referential integrity constraint could be
used to prevent a vehicle from being assigned to an employee with an EmployeeID that does not
appear in the EMPLOYEE table by requiring that all values in EmployeeID in the VEHICLE
table have a matching value in EmployeeID in the EMPLOYEE table.
DBMS
99) What are the three types of database design situations?

Answer: Database designs can be based on (1) existing data, (2) new systems development and
(3) database redesign. Database designs from existing data may be based on data in spreadsheets
or other data tables, or on data extracted from other databases. New systems development gathers
user requirements for needed applications and designs a database to meet those requirements.
Database redesign may be needed to migrate existing databases to a newer DBMS, or to integrate
multiple existing databases.
22
100) Briefly describe the history of database processing.

Answer: The predecessor of database processing was file processing, where data were
maintained on magnetic tape. Database processing as we know it today became possible with the
availability of direct access disk storage in the 1960s. Using this storage, both the hierarchical
and network data model were developed. In 1970, E. F. Codd of IBM proposed the relational
model, which is the standard model used today. Current DBMSs such as DB2, Oracle and SQL
Server are based on the relational model. The appearance of microcomputer-based DBMSs in the
1980s led to a "bloodbath" from which Microsoft Access emerged as the dominant PC
workstation DBMS. More recent events include the introduction of object-oriented DBMSs
(OODBMSs), and the development of tools such as XML to allow the use of database systems
over the Internet.
23
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Lauluja
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Lauluja
Author: Antti Rytkönen
Release date: October 31, 2023 [eBook #71994]
Language: Finnish
Original publication: Helsinki: Vihtori Alava, 1900
Credits: Tapio Riikonen
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAULUJA ***

LAULUJA
Kirj.
Antti Rytkönen
Helsingissä, Jakaa Vihtori Alava, 1900.
SISÄLLYS:
Syvänteet.
Kuohuissa.
Meri ja taivas.
Takatalvessa.
Kesää odottaissa.
Hän..
Sinä ja minä.
Lehdossa.
Sorsa se Saimaan aalloissa sousi.
Valkojoutseneni.
Valkamani.
Lauluni.
Se lempi.
Eloni.
Levoton.
Kevättuulessa.
Kaipuuni.
Kuusen alla.
Talvilehto.
Valtameri.
Laulu talvelle.
Oli metsä vihreä.
Merelle lähtijä.
Luojalle.
Rauhassa.
Rannan kuusi.
Myrsky-yönä.
Merenneitojen laulu.
Meriltä palatessa.
Kevät-iltana.
Tähtöselleni.
Samponi.
Syystunnelma.
Keväinen koski.
Muistojen mailta.
Tyhjä sija.
Sairas soittaja.
Niin syvästi särki se äidin mieltä.
Turhaan.
Manan morsian.
Mari pikkunen piika.
Paimeritytön kevätlaulu.
Tuliluulialei.
Ikävissä.
Paimenpoika ja paimentyttö.
Paimenpojan laulu.
Koti lahteen soutaessa.
Mistä kyynel.
Leppäkerttu ja tuomenterttu.
Musta lintu, merikotka..
Järven jäällä.
Köyhän koti.
Heilini.
Kevätkylmissä.
Jäiden lähtö.
Kalevaisten karkelo.
Kevätmietteissä.
Ainon kaiho.
Kerran lemmin.
12-13.IV.1597.
Korven keskellä.
Kylänkarkelo.
Tarina Pekasta ja vallesmannista.
Pimeän pesä.
Voiton saatte.
Maamiehen kevätlaulu.
Tahdon ikitulta.
Syvänteet.
Syvänteihin katseleisin, mi lie siellä elo kumma?
Salaisuudetpa ne syvät kätkee multa meri tumma.
Syvänteistä myrskyt nostaa heleöitä helmilöitä. Selittäkää

helmet mulle rahtu syvänteiden öitä!
Sen vain kertoo helmet somat: syvänteet on pohjattomat.
Kuohuissa.
Raivoisana kuohuu meri,

tumma on sen pinta.
Kuohuu mullai sydänveri,
aaltoileepi rinta.
Lyöpi aalto louhikkohon,

kivirantaan aivan —
Sydän, kivihinkö kuohut? —
Tuoko maksaa vaivan?
Meri ja taivas.
Sua lemmin niinkuin voipi vaan

meri kuohuva lempiä taivastaan.
Sä oot niin korkeella, kaukana multa

kuin on meren kuohuista taivahan kulta.
Ja niin syvällä sentään rinnassain
kuin meren pohjassa taivas vain.
Takatalvessa.
Tuo katse armas ja kaunoinen mun mieleni vallan hurmas,

vaan kevätkylmät ja kolkot säät pian toivoni kukkaset surmas.
Vaan sydämmessäkin vaihtuva lie kevään sekä talven

valta. Siks toivon, että nousta vois kevät taas takatalven alta.
Kesää odottaissa.
Kyllä se kuluu talvikin

ja kyllä se joutuu kesä,
tulevana kesänä tällä pojalla
on jo oma pesä.
Talvella hakkaan honkia

ja hirsipuita kannan,
tulevana kesänä mökkini nousee
luona lammin rannan.
Toisella puolen lampi päilyy

ja toisella vihanta vuori,
ja mökissä on herttaisen kaunis kukka,
ja se on oma kultani nuori.
Hän.
Hän on niin puhdas, kaunoinen kuin koitto aamuruskon, tuo

onnen, rauhan sydämmeen, tuo toivon, uuden uskon.
Myös on hän tulta, hehkua kuin tähti öisen taivaan, tuo

surun, tuskan sydämmeen, tuo epätoivon aivan.
Sinä ja minä.
Sä ruusu olet armahin, päivä olet kirkkahin, tähti olet

loistavin.
Mä lapsi olen kylmän jään, mä laine olen tuulispään, mä

lintu olen myrskysään.
Lehdossa.
Lehdossa tässä kerran mä istuin immen kanssa, hän silloin

mulle kertoi hartaimmat unelmansa.
Lehdossa tässä nytkin mä istun yksin vallan. Vaan unelmat

ja toiveet — ne saaliita on hallan.
Sorsa se Saimaan aalloissa sousi.
Sorsa se Saimaan aalloissa sousi kaipasi, kaipasi

kullaistaan. Mihin lie joutunut, kuka sen ties, joko lie ampunut
metsämies?
Sorsa se Saimaan aalloissa sousi, kanteli kaihoa

sydämmessään, syys oli synkkä ja kulta ei tullut, vilu oli uida
joukossa jään.
Sorsa se Saimaan aalloissa sousi, kuikutti kurja yksinään.
Valkojoutseneni.
Pois lensi valkojoutsen,

lens ulapalle päin.
Miks veit sä valkojoutsen

myös levon syömmestäin?
Mun valkojoutseneni,
sä miksi lensit pois?
Jos löytäisin sun kerran,

oi, silloin riemu ois!
Valkamani.
Kun meri ärjyy, aaltoo ja tummana vaahtoaa, kun pilvinen
on taivas ja rinta ei rauhaa saa,
niin satamata tyyntä mä etsin harhaillen, ja luoksesi kun

pääsen, niin siellä löydän sen.
Kun nojaan rintahasi, meri kuohuva tyyntyy tää ja katsehes

päivän kirkas maan ääriä lämmittää.
Lauluni.
On lauluni kuin kukka tuo, ja lämmöstä se voimaa juo.
Vaan koleaks kun käypi sää, suruisna kukan painuu pää.
Se lempi.
Se lempi oli polttava kuin hehkuvainen tuli, ja kyllä kylmät,

kyllä jäät sen eessä kaikki suli.
Se lempi oli kuohuva kuin virta vaahtopäinen. Se lempi oli

unelma, unelma kevähäinen.
Eloni.
Haaksi aaltojen ajama, vene vetten vierittämä on mun
vaivaisen vaellus.
Niinkuin lastu lainehilla,

vastavirrassa venonen
on koko eloni juoksu.
Kumpi ennen kääntynevi: vene virran viertehessä vai virta

venon mukana?
Levoton.
Miksi lie mun mieleni niinkuin meren laine? Rauhatonna,

levoton na kulkee oikeaan ja harhaan, onnen tahtoisi se
parhaan. Väliin sinne, väliin tänne häilyy, horjuu, kiertää,
kaartaa, väliin hetken levon löytää, jälleen järkkyy, väliin
kallioihin töytää — pirstoiks särkyy…
Kevättuulessa.
Jo kevättuuli hengittää, vaan syys on syömmessän. Se iäks

liekö riutunut vai heränneeköhän?
Jos eloni ei elpyne, niin iäks riutukoon! Jos vielä herää,

herätköön se kevään taisteloon!
Kaipuuni.
Valoa, päivän paistetta mun mieleni kalpaa aina, jos

kirkasta en näe taivasta, niin talvi mun mieltäni painaa.
Valo ja päivän lämpö ne ovat henkeni elinehto, vaan nää

jos puuttuu, kuihdun pois kuin hallan koskema lehto.
Kuusen alla.
Alla kuusen useasti istuin iltamyöhään asti, kuusi kuiski

kumeasti: "Lapsi, lähdet maailmaan, outohon ja avaraan, tiesi
ulapoille saavat, ulapat on aavat, aavat, siellä laineet
lakkapäiset iskee purteen monet haavat Ulapoilla usva on,
usva katoamaton; armas päiv' ei usviin koita, helposti ei valo
voita." Kuusen kuiskiessa nuokkui rannan kukat rauhaisasti,
kuusen kuiskiessa huokui meren aallot raskahasti.
Talvilehto.
Tuo lehto, jossa me leikittiin, nyt tuiman on talven vanki, ja

lehdon nuortean kukkaset jää kattaa ja harmaja hanki.
Vaan vielä se kerran sulaa jää

ja nuortuu lehdot ja vuoret,
ja vielä ne kerran heräjää
ne kevään kukkaset nuoret
Ja vielä me kerran lehdossa taas leikimme, impeni, illoin, ja

vielä me nautimme lemmestä kevätaika on armas silloin.
Valtameri.
Katso, katso valtamerta!

Milloin siell' on tyyntä, rauhaa?
Eikö siellä ainiansa
aallot paasihin vain pauhaa.
Rintani on valtameri,
miksi rauhaa etsit sieltä,
miksi tyyntä, sointuisuutta
ulapan ja aallon tieltä?
Laulu talvelle.
Talvi, lunta valkeinta, valkeinta, puhtoisinta sada immen

poskuelle, hipiälle hienoiselle. Talven, taruin valtakunta laula,
laula immelleni, kerro kaunokutrilleni utuisinta lemmen unta.
Kerro kuinka alta hallan, alta kylmän jäiden vallan nousee
toivon kukkasia, utuisia, armahia… Näytä unia kesästä, kerro
omasta pesästä pienoisesta, sievoisesta, armaasta, ani
hyvästä.
Oli metsä vihreä…
Oli metsä vihreä, tuomessa kukka,

sitä ihaillen katselit impi rukka.
Sä ihailit kaunista kevätsäätä,

et muistanut kylmää, et muistanut jäätä.
Sä ihailit suuria Luojan töitä,

et muistanut harmaita hallaöitä.
Ja kuitenkin, ja kuitenkin
ne tuli ne keväiset kylmätkin.
Merelle lähtijä.
Läksi laiva uurtamaan meren tummaa pintaa, täytti kaiho,

kaipaus monta, monta rintaa — Eessä merta, merta vaan,
eessä pilvet harmaat, kotiranta kauvas jäi, sinne jäivät
armaat. Jäivät tuomet tuoksumaan, jäivät kuuset kukkimaan,
impi rantaan itkemään. Kotiranta kauvas jäi, sinne jäivät
armaat…
Luojalle.
Luoja, noita silmiä kyynelistä säästä, Luoja, tuohon rintahan

murheit' elä päästä.
Luoja, anna hänelle päivät paistehikkaat! Luoja, anna

hänelle elon riemut rikkaat!
Rauhassa.
Kun melske, myrsky raukenee, kaikk' uinuu rauhan unta,

niin silloin mulle aukenee viel' uusi valtakunta.
Nään silloin sinut luonani, nään silmäs ani armaat, ja on

kuin siirtäneet ne ois väliltä vuoret harmaat
Rannan kuusi.
Tääll' yksin seisot sorjana sä vihreä rannan kuusi; veden

alla toinen on maailma ja taivas siellä on uusi, sen
kauneuttako katsot sie, mihin miettehes silloin vie?
Kun laskeissaan kesäaurinko taas taivahan rantoja kultaa,

niin tunnetko silloin, tunnetko sä lämpöä, lemmentulta? Näät
kaikkialla sä rauhan maat, sopusointua, rauhaa kaiketi saat?
Vai tunnetko kaihon tuskaisan
ja muistatko myrskytuulet?
Kun aalto se löi raju rantahan,
sen kuohuja vieläkö kuulet?
Sun toivehes, aattehes myrskykö kaas,
nyt kaihoin niitäkö muistat taas?
Sä lienetkin mun kaltaisen, sä vihreä rannan kuusi; kun

katson pohjihin syvyyden, ja kun taivas siellä on uusi, niin
oloni munkin oudoks saa ja kaiho mieleni valloittaa.
Ja muistuu mieleeni myrskysää ja kohina tuiman tuulen ja

murhe mieleni yllättää ja ma kuohuja kaukaa kuulen. Ne
rintaani kaikuja kummia saa, meri helmahan yön kun
uinahtaa.
Myrsky-yönä.
käy ulkona tuuli tuima, yö on niin myrskyinen, ja hurjana

aalto huima vain kuohuvi rannallen.
Ja haaksi aaltoja halkoo,

ja kohti kuohuja käy,
ja se keinuvi niinkuin palko,
ei muuta kuin vaahtoa näy.
Vaan haahdessa suojassa yksin

minä kanssasi olla saan,
me istumme vieretyksin,
mut tuuli se ulvoo vaan.
Te käykää te vihurit tuulen,

nyt teitä mä pelkäjä en!
Vain rintasi lyönnit ma kuulen,
ja sa painut mun rinnallen.
Mua katsehes kaunis huumaa

sysimusta kuin syksyn yö,
ja mun rintani tulta on kuumaa
ja se rintaasi vasten lyö.
Ja tuuli tuima se soittaa kuin mahtavat myrskyt on poviss'

suurien valtamerten ja povessa inehmon.
***
Oi myrskyjä meren pinnan, oi valkovaahtoja sen! Oi

kuohuja ihmisrinnan, sen kaihojen, poltteiden!
Merenneitojen laulu.
Tääll' on riemut, rikkaudet, riistat, riittävät tavarat, tääll' on

Ahdin kultalinna, täällä aartehet avarat Täällä lientyy maiset
huolet, täällä suistuu surman nuolet, täällä elo ihanaa. Täällä
tyyntyy tuskat, vaivat, alla aallon uudet taivaat täällä sulle
aukeaa. Täällä merten aaltoloissa, Ahdin kultakartanoissa
rintaraukka rauhan saa. Tänne riennä inehmo, tääll' on sija
sulle jo!
Meriltä palatessa.
Saapuu laiva mereltä kohti kotirantaa; tuhat tulta merelle

sieltä valon kantaa; tuhat tulta tuikahtaa sieltä mua vastaan,
yhtä tulta kaipajan, yhtä ainoastaan: immen ikkunasta vaan
tuloset ei tuikakkaan.
Kevät-iltana.
On kevät-ilta ja kuuhut niin kummasti kumottaa, ja kaiho

outo ja kumma mun mieleni valtoaa.
Kevät-iltana kuljin ennen

kanss' armahan ystäväin
ja unia ihanoita
minä kultani kanssa näin.
Ja mieleni oli niin raitis

kuin rannan aaltonen,
kun kullat kuuhuen taivaan
utukalvossa uiskeli sen.
Kuin ilmojen utuiset pilvet

myös ulapan pohjilla ui,
niin sielusi hellä ja herkkä
mun sieluuni kuvastui.
Ja tuota kun muistan, silloin mun mieleni summeutuu, ja

mun rintani kaihon tuntee kevät-ilta ja illan kuu.

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Test Bank for Database Processing

15th Edition by Kroenke

Solution Manual for Database Processing 15th Edition

Solution Manual for Database Processing 14th Edition

Test Bank for Database Processing, 13th Edition, David

Test bank for Database Processing: Fundamentals,

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Test Bank for Experiencing MIS 8th by Kroenke

Database Processing, 15e (Kroenke)

1) The purpose of a database is to help people keep track of things.

2) In a database, each table stores data about a different type of thing.

3) Like a spreadsheet, a database table has rows and columns.

8) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an example of a data mining application.

12) A surrogate key is a key typically used in place of a foreign key.

15) Applications are computer programs used directly by users.

16) Applications usually write data directly to the database.

18) In database systems, indexes are held in the database.

26) Microsoft Access is just a DBMS.

28) The current DBMS engine in Microsoft Access is called ADE.

38) A database is called self-describing because it reduces data duplication.

40) Indexes are data structures that speed database searches.

41) Database design is important, and fortunately it is simple to do.

43) A database design is rarely a redesign of an existing database.

44) Each row in a database table is also known as a record.

45) Data Language/I (DL/I) structured data relationships as a tree structure.

55) Twitter and Facebook use NoSQL databases.

56) The purpose of a database is to ________.

57) A database stores ________.

58) Which of the following statements is true about Web 2.0?

60) A Customer Resource Management (CRM) system is an example of a(n) ________.

61) An online drugstore such as Drugstore.com is an example of a(n) ________.

64) Microsoft Access includes ________.

66) Which of the following is not an XML Web service standard?

68) Which of the following database systems is not enterprise-class?

69) In an enterprise-class database system, reports are created by ________.

70) Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) is a technology used to ________.

73) A database is considered self-describing because ________.

74) A database consists of integrated tables, which store ________.

85) The predecessors of database processing were ________.

86) Which statement is not true about the relational model?

92) What are the four components of a database system?

93) Briefly describe the function of an application program in a database system.

95) Why do we say a database is self-describing and why is this an advantage?

98) What are referential integrity constraints? Give an example.

99) What are the three types of database design situations?

100) Briefly describe the history of database processing.

Author: Antti Rytkönen

Release date: October 31, 2023 [eBook #71994]

Original publication: Helsinki: Vihtori Alava, 1900

Credits: Tapio Riikonen

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAULUJA ***

Helsingissä, Jakaa Vihtori Alava, 1900.

Syvänteistä myrskyt nostaa heleöitä helmilöitä. Selittäkää

Sen vain kertoo helmet somat: syvänteet on pohjattomat.

Raivoisana kuohuu meri,

Lyöpi aalto louhikkohon,

Sua lemmin niinkuin voipi vaan

* START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAULUJA *