UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE TAMAULIPAS

NORTE
PROYECTO:
“BDCN Unit 1 Activity 1”
TECNICO SUPERIOR UNIVERSITARIO EN
TECNOLOGIAS DE LA INFORMACION AREA:
DESARROLLO DE SOFTWARE
MULTIPLATAFORMA
PRESENTA:

LUIS DANIEL VILLANUEVA VAZQUEZ

CD. REYNOSA, TAMAULIPAS MAYO 2024.

Index

TOPIC PAGE

Index................................................................................................................... i

1. Introduction................................................................................................1

2. Non-relational DB.....................................................................................2
2.1 Concept..........................................................................................................2
2.2 MongoDB:...................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Cassandra......................................................................................................3

3. Object-oriented DB..................................................................................4
3.1 Concept..........................................................................................................4
3.2 db4o............................................................................................................... 4
3.3 ObjectDB........................................................................................................5

4. Document-oriented DB...........................................................................6
4.1 Concept..........................................................................................................6
4.2 Couchbase.....................................................................................................6
4.3 Apache CouchDB...........................................................................................7

5. Conclusion..................................................................................................8

i
1. Introduction

In the ever-evolving landscape of database management, the emergence of

non-relational databases has revolutionized the way data is stored, accessed,
and managed. Unlike traditional relational databases, non-relational databases,
also known as NoSQL databases, offer flexible data models, horizontal
scalability, and high performance, making them suitable for modern applications
with diverse data requirements. Among the various types of non-relational
databases are document-oriented, object-oriented, and key-value stores, each
catering to specific use cases and data structures.

In this discourse, we delve into the fundamental concepts of non-relational

databases, exploring their characteristics, advantages, and prominent examples
in the industry. Additionally, we examine object-oriented databases, which store
data in the form of objects, and document-oriented databases, which organize
data as documents, offering insights into their functionalities and real-world
applications.

1
2. Non-relational DB

2.1 Concept

Non-relational databases are designed to handle unstructured or semi-

structured data and offer flexible schemas. They are often used in scenarios
where data requirements are evolving rapidly, or where high scalability and
performance are critical.

2.2 MongoDB:

Concept

MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database that stores data in flexible,

JSON-like documents. It provides a rich query language and indexing
capabilities.

Features

Scalability: MongoDB supports horizontal scalability through sharding, allowing it

to handle large volumes of data and high throughput.

Flexibility: Documents in MongoDB can have varying structures, making it

suitable for storing data with dynamic schemas.

2
High availability: MongoDB offers built-in replication and automatic failover to
ensure data availability and reliability.

2.3 Cassandra

Concept

Cassandra is a distributed column-oriented NoSQL database designed for high

availability and scalability. It is optimized for write-heavy workloads and provides
tunable consistency.

Features

Distributed architecture: Cassandra's decentralized architecture allows it to

scale linearly across multiple nodes without a single point of failure.

Flexible data model: It supports wide rows and allows efficient storage and
retrieval of large amounts of data.

Tunable consistency: Cassandra offers tunable consistency levels to balance

performance and data consistency based on application requirements.

3
3. Object-oriented DB

3.1 Concept

Object-oriented databases store data in the form of objects, allowing for a

seamless integration between the application's programming language and the
database. They are well-suited for object-oriented programming languages and
applications with complex data models.

3.2 db4o

Concept

db4o is an open-source object-oriented database for Java and .NET platforms. It

provides native support for object persistence and retrieval without the need for
an ORM layer.

Features

Transparent persistence: Objects in db4o are stored directly as they are in

memory, simplifying the development process.

Embedded mode: db4o can be used in embedded mode, allowing applications

to store data without a separate database server.

4
Query support: It offers a rich query API for retrieving objects based on their
attributes and relationships.

3.3 ObjectDB

Concept

ObjectDB is a high-performance object-oriented database for Java applications.

It supports JPA (Java Persistence API) and offers a seamless integration with
Java EE frameworks.

Features

Native object storage: ObjectDB stores objects directly without the need for
mapping them to relational tables, resulting in higher performance.

ACID transactions: It supports ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation,

Durability) transactions for ensuring data integrity.

Indexing: ObjectDB provides indexing capabilities for efficient querying of

objects based on their properties.

5
4. Document-oriented DB

4.1 Concept

Document-oriented databases store data in the form of documents, which are

self-describing and can contain nested structures. They are ideal for applications
dealing with semi-structured data and where flexibility in schema design is
important.

4.2 Couchbase

Concept

Couchbase is a distributed document-oriented and key-value NoSQL database.

It offers a distributed architecture with built-in caching and high availability.

Features

JSON document model: Couchbase stores data in JSON documents, allowing

for flexible schema design and easy integration with modern web applications.

High performance: It provides sub-millisecond latency and high throughput for

read and write operations, making it suitable for real-time applications.

6
Built-in caching: Couchbase includes an integrated caching layer to improve
read performance and reduce database load.

4.3 Apache CouchDB

Concept

Apache CouchDB is an open-source document-oriented database that uses a

distributed architecture for storing and syncing data. It provides a RESTful HTTP
API for data access.

Features

Replication: CouchDB supports bi-directional replication, allowing data

synchronization between multiple database instances and devices.

Conflict resolution: It offers conflict resolution mechanisms for resolving conflicts

that may arise during replication.

Incremental MapReduce: CouchDB uses incremental MapReduce for efficient

querying and aggregation of data stored in JSON documents.

7
5. Conclusion

In conclusion, the evolution of non-relational databases represents a paradigm

shift in data management, offering unprecedented flexibility, scalability, and
performance for modern applications. From the document-oriented nature of
MongoDB to the object-oriented approach of db4o, and the distributed
architecture of Couchbase, each type of non-relational database brings unique
strengths to the table, catering to diverse data needs and use cases.

As organizations continue to embrace digital transformation and grapple with

ever-growing data volumes, non-relational databases stand as a cornerstone of
modern data infrastructure, empowering businesses to innovate, scale, and
derive actionable insights from their data assets.