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Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
Chapter 07
Body Weight and Body Composition
1. (p. 147) Obesity is defined as having a body mass index of ________ or higher.
A. 25
B. 35
C. 30
D. 39
2. (p. 148) Overweight, a condition that is less serious than obesity, is defined as having an adult
BMI between ________ and ________.
A. 30; 39.9
B. 18.5; 25.9
C. 30; 35.9
D. 25; 29.9
3. (p. 148) John weighs 242 pounds and has a body mass index of 26; John is considered
A. normal weight.
B. overweight.
C. obese.
D. Not enough information is provided.
7-1
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
4. (p. 148) All of the following indicate a healthy body weight EXCEPT
A. a weight within an acceptable range for one's height.
B. a fat distribution that is not a risk factor for illness.
C. a weight within the common range for one's age group.
D. the absence of medical conditions that suggest a need for weight loss.
5. (p. 148) The body mass index (BMI) is used mainly to determine
A. your overall physical condition.
B. how height correlates with weight.
C. how your body weight may affect your health.
D. your body fat percentage.
6. (p. 148) Of the following, who has a body fat percentage outside the range generally
considered healthy?
A. Richard, a dentist, with 26 percent body fat
B. Abbey, a female college gymnast, with 22 percent body fat
C. Clarke, a male college soccer player, with 19 percent body fat
D. Caroline, a travel agent, with 24 percent body fat
7-2
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
7. (p. 150) Which of the following statements about body fat percentages is true?
A. Body fat percentage for women decreases during puberty.
B. Average body fat percentage does not differ by gender.
C. Some hormones cannot be produced when body fat falls below a certain threshold.
D. Ethnicity has no influence on body fat percentage.
8. (p. 150) All of the following are associated with low body fat levels EXCEPT
A. depression.
B. hair loss.
C. increased appetite.
D. infertility.
9. (p. 150) Which of the following statements about body fat distribution is true?
A. Fat carried on the hips and thighs is a disadvantage because it breaks down and enters the
bloodstream more easily.
B. Women, after menopause, experience a shift in body fat from the hips and thighs to the
abdomen.
C. Obese men tend to accumulate fat around the hips and thighs.
D. There is no association of abdominal fat distribution with diabetes.
7-3
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
10. (p. 150) Abdominal fat is considered a greater threat to health than hip-and-thigh fat because
abdominal fat
A. squeezes the heart.
B. reduces lung capacity.
C. more easily enters the bloodstream.
D. causes lower back ailments that lead to inactivity.
11. (p. 150) Barbara is beginning to experience menopause; her fat distribution will most likely
A. remain unchanged.
B. become undifferentiated.
C. shift from her abdomen to her hips and thighs.
D. shift from her hips and thighs to abdomen.
12. (p. 150) Obese people are ________ times as likely as healthy-weight people to die before
reaching their expected life span.
A. two
B. four
C. eight
D. sixteen
7-4
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
13. (p. 151) Which of the following is true regarding the genetics of obesity?
A. Adopted children tend to be similar in weight to their adoptive parents.
B. The risk of becoming obese increases slightly if one's parents are not obese.
C. Twin studies support a genetic tendency toward obesity.
D. For most people, obesity involves a single gene.
14. (p. 152) After puberty, a boy of healthy weight typically levels off at ________ percent body
fat.
A. 10
B. 15
C. 20
D. 25
15. (p. 152) Which of the following statements about weight in the different phases of life is
true?
A. Childhood obesity is not a strong determinant for adult obesity.
B. Girls experience an increase in body fat during puberty.
C. Weight gained in early pregnancy always recedes following birth.
D. Middle age is often a time of weight maintenance.
7-5
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
16. (p. 153) At what age does weight typically begin to decline for males and females due to
causes such as less muscle tissue, less body mass, and a decreased caloric need?
A. 50
B. 75
C. 60
D. 80
17. (p. 154) Of the following, the greatest influence on the growth of weight problems in
America is
A. a weakening economy.
B. the growing availability of health information.
C. the growing availability and convenience of unhealthy foods.
D. the decreasing availability of whole grains and vegetables.
18. (p. 155) Surveys show that 25 percent of all trips in the United States are less than 1 mile,
and yet ________ percent of these trips are taken by car.
A. 25
B. 50
C. 75
D. 90
7-6
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
19. (p. 157) The thermic effect of food—the energy required to process the food one eats—is
estimated at ________ percent of energy intake.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20
20. (p. 157) To estimate one's daily energy requirements, consider all of the following EXCEPT
A. energy spent on basal metabolic rate.
B. energy spent during sleep.
C. energy spent on physical activities.
D. the thermic effect of food.
7-7
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
22. (p. 157) For a person who is trying to lose weight, a weight loss of ________ pounds per
week is a healthy goal.
A. 1 to 2
B. 2 to 4
C. 4 to 5
D. 5 to 7
23. (p. 159) To find a weight loss plan that offers the best chance of success, you should avoid
plans that
A. claim to promote balanced nutrition.
B. will drastically change your eating patterns.
C. rely on physical activity to help you succeed.
D. focus on gradual instead of rapid weight loss.
7-8
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
25. (p. 159) How do the diet drugs lorcaserin and phentermine-topiramate help people lose
weight?
A. They reduce food intake.
B. They reduce body fat absorption.
C. They reduce food absorption.
D. They reduce the body's caloric need.
26. (p. 160) Sheriz has started taking an over-the-counter diet drug but has experienced
dizziness, shakiness, and sleep difficulties. What drug is Sheriz most likely reacting to?
A. Orlistat, an appetite suppressant
B. Ritalin, a methylphenidate
C. Prozac, an antidepressant
D. caffeine, a stimulant
27. (p. 159) ________ works in the intestines to block the absorption of fat.
A. Phentermine
B. Orlistat
C. Prozac
D. Sibutramine
7-9
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
28. (p. 160) A major premise of the size acceptance movement is that
A. there is no proven connection between body weight and wellness.
B. the weight loss industry is exploitative and unhealthy.
C. there is no ideal body shape.
D. most obesity research is biased.
29. (p. 160) For individuals, achieving a healthy body weight for life depends mainly on
A. lifestyle.
B. environment.
C. economic status.
D. access to health care.
30. (p. 148) Every person has an ideal weight, a set point of healthy weight.
FALSE
31. (p. 148) It is impossible to determine with weight information alone whether an individual is
at a healthy weight, underweight, overweight, or obese.
TRUE
7-10
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
32. (p. 149-150) The healthiest body mass index, or BMI, is between 15 and 18.
FALSE
33. (p. 150) A body fat percentage below a healthy range can cause health problems such as
infertility, depression, and lack of menstruation.
TRUE
34. (p. 150) The lower healthy range of body fat is 5-10 percent for male athletes and 15-20
percent for female athletes.
TRUE
35. (p. 150) Hormones cannot be produced when the body falls below a certain body fat
threshold.
TRUE
7-11
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
36. (p. 150) Obese men tend to accumulate fat in their hips and thighs, while obese women tend
to accumulate fat in their abdomens.
FALSE
37. (p. 150) In 2012, no state in the United States had a prevalence rate of obesity less than 20
percent.
TRUE
38. (p. 147) If both of a person's parents are obese, he or she still has only a 10 percent higher
chance of becoming obese than a person with parents who are both not obese.
FALSE
39. (p. 150) Men and women have similar patterns of weight gain over the course of their
lifetimes.
FALSE
7-12
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
40. (p. 152) Married men tend to weigh more than men who have never been married.
TRUE
41. (p. 153) After age 50, men tend to see an increase in abdominal fat.
TRUE
42. (p. 157) Some studies have shown that if an individual's friends gain weight, that individual
is more likely to gain weight.
TRUE
43. (p. 152-153) One year after delivery, about 15 to 20 percent of women continue to maintain
the weight they gained during pregnancy.
TRUE
44. (p. 154) Food served in restaurants and fast food outlets tends to be higher in fat and total
calories than food prepared at home.
TRUE
7-13
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
45. (p. 155) Studies have found an association between television watching and overweight in
children, youth, and adults.
TRUE
46. (p. 159) Most people who begin diets that drastically alter their eating patterns go off the diet
and return to their previous eating patterns.
TRUE
47. (p. 151) Chronic stress can increase the amount of fat that is deposited in the abdomen.
TRUE
48. (p. 157-158) High-fat foods have a greater thermic effect than high-carbohydrate foods.
FALSE
49. (p. 159) Very-low-calorie diets are reserved only for patients with high health risks due to
obesity; they involve an intake of 800 or fewer calories each day.
TRUE
7-14
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
50. (p. 159) Very-low-calorie diets are used for people with BMIs greater than 30 who are highly
motivated but have not had success with more conservative plans.
TRUE
51. (p. 159-160) Many of the diet drugs currently available and approved by the FDA can ensure
permanent weight loss.
FALSE
52. (p. 159-160) Orlistat, a fat-blocker, results in an average weight loss of 15 pounds or more.
FALSE
53. (p. 159) There are currently three classes of drugs commonly prescribed for weight loss:
those that act in the brain to reduce food intake; those that act in the body to reduce fat
absorption; and those that directly attack and reduce fat deposits in the body.
FALSE
7-15
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
54. (p. 160) Surgery should be considered the first-line approach for patients with a BMI of 40 or
greater.
FALSE
55. (p. 160) Of all the herbal supplements used for weight-loss, supplements containing ephedra
appear to be the most effective and safe.
FALSE
56. (p. 160) A person who is genetically predisposed to be obese cannot improve his or her
overall health through moderate lifestyle changes.
FALSE
57. (p. 162) The U.S. surgeon general has asked that all schools reduce junk food and promote
healthy, balanced meals.
TRUE
7-16
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
58. (p. 163) From 1985 to 2000, the average price of soft drinks rose by 115 percent as part of a
joint federal and state government initiative to decrease consumption of unhealthy foods.
FALSE
59. (p. 147) Defined as a body mass index of 30 or more, ________ is body weight that greatly
exceeds the recommended guidelines for good health.
obesity
60. (p. 148) Measuring body weight in relationship to height, body mass ________ uses the unit
kilograms (of body weight) per square meter (body height squared).
index
61. (p. 148-149) Body weight that exceeds the recommended guidelines for good health, or a body
mass index of 25 or more and below 30, is considered ________.
overweight
7-17
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
62. (p. 149) An underweight individual will have a BMI that is less than ________.
18.5
63. (p. 150) These are several different ways to measure body fat. The method that involves
measuring the thickness of skin and fat is referred to as ________ measurement, or caliper
testing.
skinfold
64. (p. 150) The body fat measurement technique in which an individual is weighed underwater
is ________.
immersion
65. (p. 150) The body fat measurement technique in which an electrical current is directed
through the body is bioelectrical ________.
impedance
7-18
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
66. (p. 150) An unhealthy waist circumference for a woman would be one that is greater than
________ inches. (Use numerals for the number instead of spelling it out.)
35
67. (p. 151) ________ is a disease in which the levels of glucose circulating in the bloodstream
are too high, setting the stage for health complications.
Diabetes
68. (p. 152) Girls increase their body fat percentage due to hormonal changes during ________.
puberty
69. (p. 154) The caloric bottom line has been dramatically impacted by "________"—a term
describing the increase in portion sizes seen in many fast food restaurants and food product
lines.
supersizing
7-19
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
70. (p. 157) The "yo-yo dieting" effect of repeated cycles in which a person loses weight only to
be followed by new gain in weight is referred to as ________.
weight cycling
71. (p. 157) The rate at which the body uses energy for basic life functions is called the
________ rate.
basal metabolic
72. (p. 157) The relationship between caloric intake (in the form of food) and output (in the form
of metabolism and activity) is ________.
energy balance
73. (p. 157) A pound of body fat stores about ________ calories.
3,500
7-20
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
74. (p. 157) The ________ of food is an estimate of the energy required to process the food one
eats. This energy is used in chewing and digesting the food one eats, and in absorbing,
transporting, metabolizing, and storing the energy and nutrients one gets from food.
thermic effect
75. (p. 158-159) ________ is a weight management organization that provides group support with
a focus on teaching skills for healthy eating and exercising. (Provide the organization's full
name, not the acronym.)
76. (p. 158-162) ________ is a weight management organization utilizing a 12-step program that
may be more suitable for individuals with complex emotional issues related to weight.
Overeaters Anonymous
77. (p. 158-162) ________ is a commercial weight management organization that provides social
support and nutritional, exercise, and behavioral education, and is particularly known for its
point exchange system.
Weight Watchers
7-21
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
78. (p. 159) One class of weight-loss drugs works in the brain to reduce food intake; the other
class works in the body to reduce food ________.
absorption
79. (p. 160) Individuals with a BMI of 40 or greater and a history of failed medical treatments
for obesity may have the option to undergo ________ surgery.
gastric
80. (p. 160) The ________ movement aims to decrease negative body image thoughts, while
encouraging self-acceptance and healthy eating patterns.
size acceptance
81. (p. 160) The stimulant ________, formerly found in many over-the-counter weight loss
supplements, may cause cardiac arrhythmia and even death by constricting blood vessels
while increasing the heart rate and speeding up the nervous system.
ephedra
7-22
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Body Weight and Body Composition
82. (p. 161) One strategy behind behavior management techniques for changing eating and
activity patterns is ________—that is, detecting and responding to environmental cues
associated with unhealthy eating habits and physical inactivity.
stimulus control
83. (p. 163) Recognizing obesity as a chronic degenerative condition may help individuals,
health insurance companies, and health care providers move away from the current
"________" mentality.
quick fix
7-23
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
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220. Intérpretes del Derecho romano fueron el M. Jácome Ruiz ó
Jacobo de las Leyes, que escribió Flores de las leyes ó Suma legal
y el Doctrinal de los pleitos; el M. Ferrando Martínez, Maestre
Roldán, Las Partidas; Bernardo Compostellano, Apostillae in
Codicem et Digestum. Scholia in secundam collectionem
Decretalium. Collectio Decretalium ó Compilatio Romana. Lectura
Aurea super primum librum Decretalium. Breviarium iuris canonici.
Casus super Decretales libri V. Apparatus in Decretales. Summa
quaestionum ex Decretalibus. Notabilia novae compilationis
Decretalium. Juan de Dios escribió: Cavillationes seu doctrina
advocatorum partium et assessorum. Apparatus Decretorum.
Breviarium Decretorum. Liber Dispensationum. Summa sub certis
casibus Decretalium. Liber iudicum, etc. Vicente Hispano:
Apparatus super quinque libros Decretalium Gregorii IX. Casus
Decretalium, etc. San Raimundo de Peñafort, autor de la
compilación de las Decretales, mandada hacer por Gregorio IX:
Compilationes Decretalium Gregorii IX. Summa Raymundina.
Dubitabilia cum responsionibus. De duello et bello. Juan García,
autor del Super Decretalibus libri quinque, fué el primer profesor que
tuvo sueldo fijo en Bolonia. D. Vital de Canellas, obispo de
Huesca, autor de la compilación legal, hecha en tiempo de D. Jaime
el Conquistador, del Derecho aragonés (1246), la ilustró con glosa:
Ad Foros Aragonum Regni Commentaria. El mismo D. Jaime
escribió el Libre de la Saviesa. El Maestre Pedro Gómez Barroso:
Libro de los Conseios et Conseieros de los Príncipes para su buen
gobierno.
De esto resulta que son trece los libros que él nombra; el catorce de
la lista lo publicó Gayangos, y Amador de los Ríos le da el título de
"Libro sobre la Fe, intitulado ó Fray Remon de Masquefa, que tal vez
sea el omitido por el copiante al transferir el prólogo general de
todas las obras" (Hist. crít. de la Liter. Esp., 1863, t. IV, pág. 234).
Argote de Molina publicó el Conde Lucanor en Sevilla, 1575, del
cual se han hecho otras ediciones: Madrid, 1642; Stuttgart, 1840;
Barcelona, 1853. Pero la mejor es la de Knust, Leipzig, 1900,
sacada del mejor códice (Bibl. Nac., 6.376, antes S-34); la de Krapf,
Vigo, 1902, reproduce el códice del Conde de Puñonrostro, hoy de
la Academia Española, sin las adiciones de los otros, aunque sólo
tiene la primera parte. Los códices son, además de los dos citados,
otro de la Nacional (4.236, antes M-100), el de Gayangos, hoy en la
Nacional (1.190), y el de la Academia de la Historia (Est. 27, gr. 3, E-
78). Gayangos dió á luz los números 4, 1, 2, 3, 13, 14. José
Gutiérrez de la Vega publicó el Libro de la Caza, Bibl. Venatoria,
Madrid, 1879.