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1. “Baksheesh,” which is an expected procedure in many developing countries, is another term for:
a. nepotism.
b. physical abuse.
c. graft.
d. rewards
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Economic Corruption
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.07.01 - Describe the types of police corruption (economic corruption
and abuse of authority).
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
2. The Knapp Commission coined the term “grass eaters” to refer to officers who did all of the following except:
a. taking offered bribes.
b. taking offered gratuities.
c. taking valuable items from crime scenes.
d. accepting unsolicited protection money.
ANSWER: c
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
3. The term “grass eaters” refers to police officers in:

a. New York City officers who accepted bribes, gratuities, and protection money.
b. Boston officers who sold their services to the highest bidders.
c. Los Angeles officers who “shopped” at burglary scenes.
d. Chicago officers who used marijuana on a regular basis.
ANSWER: a
4. A study of police ethics around the world revealed that in the United States, the offense considered most serious by
the officers surveyed was:
a. accepting bribes.
b. accepting kickbacks.
c. stealing from a crime scene.
d. lying under oath.
ANSWER: c
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1
5. Barker and Carter proposed that police abuse of authority comes in all of the following areas except:
a. physical abuse.
b. psychological abuse.
c. legal abuse.
d. sexual abuse.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Abuse of Authority
6. According to Barker and Carter, harassment and ridicule are examples of which of the following types of abuse?
a. physical abuse
b. psychological abuse
c. legal abuse
d. sexual abuse
ANSWER: b
7. According to Barker and Carter, unlawful searchers or seizures are examples of which of the following types of
abuse?
a. physical abuse
b. psychological abuse
c. legal abuse
d. sexual abuse
ANSWER: c

8. Fyfe and Kane’s list of types of police misconduct includes all of the following except:
a. police crime.
b. on-duty abuse.
c. obstruction of justice.
d. false disability claims.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Chapter Introduction
9. According to Fyfe and Kane, “conduct-related probationary failures” is:

a. the use of excessive force, psychological abuse, or discrimination.
b. all offenses except those that are drug-related with the goal of profit.
c. simple failure to meet job expectations.
d. violating one or more departmental rules.
ANSWER: c
10. According to Fyfe and Kane, on-duty abuse is:

a. the use of excessive force, psychological abuse, or discrimination.
b. all offenses except those that are drug-related with the goal of profit.
c. simple failure to meet expectations.
d. violating one or more departmental rules.
ANSWER: a
11. Items of value received by an individual because of his or her role or position rather than because of a personal
relationship with the giver are called:
a. pay offs
b. gratuities.
c. bribes
d. rewards
ANSWER: b
12. Kania believes that gratuities should be allowed because:
a. officers don’t make much money.
b. they cement social bonds.
c. they are payment for special services.
d. they are without cost.
ANSWER: b
13. Ethical formalism would reject a policy of allowing gratuities if they:

a. are expressly against the law.
b. occur frequently.
c. are offered for the purpose of receiving a later favor.
d. are not offered to all officers.
ANSWER: c
14. An important distinction between a gift and a gratuity is that a gift is:
a. clearly given with expectations of reciprocity.
b. clearly given with no strings attached.
c. something that can only be given to an off-duty police officer.
d. something that is received from someone recently arrested.
ANSWER: b

15. The practice of declining to issue a ticket to an off-duty officer who is stopped for speeding or for other driving
violations is called:
a. blue gratuity.
b. professional gift.
c. professional courtesy.
d. blue graft.
ANSWER: c
16. Which of the following is not considered graft?

a. bribes
b. protection money
c. taking merchandize from a crime scene
d. payments for referring certain bail bondsmen
ANSWER: c
17. In Barker and Carter’s study, they found that up to what percent of police may have used drugs on duty?
a. 20
b. 2
c. 60
d. 40
ANSWER: a
18. According to Carter, the elements of police work that can lead to drug use include all of the following except:
a. exposure to a criminal element.
b. time spent in traffic patrol duties.
c. relative freedom from supervision.
d. uncontrolled availability of contraband.
ANSWER: b
19. “Graft” is defined in the text as the exploitation of one’s role by:
a. utilizing excessive force while arresting someone.
b. utilizing excessive force to obtain a confession.
c. accepting free coffee from convenience stores.
d. accepting bribes, kickbacks, or protection money.
ANSWER: d
20. A comparison of the rates of sexual harassment in policing finds:

a. women in policing experience harassment at a higher rate than women in the general workforce.
b. women in policing experience harassment at a lower rate than women in the general workforce.
c. women in policing experience harassment at about the same rate as women in the general workforce.
d. there is no reliable data available to accurately compare women in policing with those in the general
workforce.
ANSWER: a
21. The Buddy Boys operated in which city?

a. New York
b. Los Angeles
c. Boston
d. Detroit
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Criminal Cops

22. Which of the following is not one of the “Big Five” personality traits?
a. punctuality
b. extroversion
c. openness
d. conscientiousness
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: Reducing Police Corruption
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.07.02 - Describe individual explanations of corruption and potential
solutions.
23. According to the text, explanations of corruption include all of the following except:
a. individual explanations.
b. institutional explanations.
c. subcultural explanations.
d. systemic explanations.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: Explanations of Deviance
solutions.
24. The “rotten bushel” explanation is which type of explanation for police deviance?
a. societal
b. organizational
c. individual
d. philosophical
ANSWER: c
solutions.

25. Some new officers experience cynicism when they encounter citizen disrespect, bureaucratic barriers, and the
realities of the justice system. This can lead them to distrust the department’s administration and the citizens of the
community, leaving them more prone to corruption. This process is known as the
a. spiral of cynicism.
b. disillusionment process.
c. chain of corruption.
d. continuum of compromise.
ANSWER: d
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.07.03 - Describe organizational explanations of corruption and
potential solutions.
26. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is:

a. a tool used to evaluate the work performance of police officers.
b. a tool used to screen potential informants.
c. a method for debriefing undercover officers after their operation has concluded.
d. a pre-employment screening tool used by law enforcement.
ANSWER: d
27. A consent decree is an agreement between a local police department and:

a. local government.
b. a victim of police brutality.
c. local gang leadership.
d. the U.S. Department of Justice.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: Costs of Corruption

28. Research on abuse and corruption complains finds that:
a. these are widespread problems.
b. these activities are disproportionally engaged in by a small number of officers.
c. these problems are more prevalent now than ever in the past.
d. these issues are particularly a problem in the northeast.
ANSWER: b
29. Lack of background checks, poor internal discipline procedures, and poor supervision are all examples of what type
of explanations for police deviance?
a. societal
b. organizational
c. individual
d. philosophical
ANSWER: b
30. Murphy and Caplan argue that each of the following societal factors lead to police corruption, except:
a. lack of support from prosecutors and the courts.
b. unfair reporting in the news media.
c. lax community standards over certain behaviors.
d. mixed messages regarding certain crimes such as prostitution.
ANSWER: b
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.07.04 - Describe societal explanations of corruption and potential
solutions.

You are an Internal Affairs officer investigating corruption in the city police department. You have been assigned
to ride along as a partner to Officer Jones, who has a reputation for being corrupt. Officer Jones has been told that
you are a patrol officer who has been transferred from another district within the department.
31. While on patrol, Officer Jones stops a car for speeding and running a red light. You observe the interaction between
Officer Jones and the driver. Jones allows the driver to leave without penalty. When you ask why he gave the driver
a break, Jones tells you that the driver turned out to be a fellow police officer. By letting him go without a citation,
Jones has demonstrated which type of corruption?
a. graft
b. gratuity
c. abuse of power
d. professional courtesy
ANSWER: d
PREFACE NAME: Case 7.1
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
32. At break time, you and Officer Jones stop for coffee and a snack at a local diner. When it is time to return to patrol,
you are surprised to see Officer Jones get up and leave without paying. He explains that the owner of the diner
doesn’t charge police officers, which is why he chose that particular diner. This is an illustration of:
a. graft
b. gratuity
c. abuse of power
d. professional courtesy
ANSWER: b
33. While on patrol, Officer Jones notices a car that is parked illegally. He uses his cell phone to call a towing company,
identifying himself as a “friend” on the phone. When the tow truck arrives, the driver thanks Officer Jones for calling
in the job, and discreetly hands him a twenty-dollar bill. This is an example of:
a. graft.
b. gratuity.
c. abuse of power.
d. professional courtesy.
ANSWER: a

34. If any of the above scenarios were arranged specifically to observe Officer Jones to see how he would react to an
opportunity for misconduct, the activity would be an example of a:
a. graft check.
b. corruption review.
c. random integrity test.
d. targeted integrity test.
ANSWER: d
solutions.
After completing your observations of Officer Jones, you are asked to summarize your observations for a study
being conducted by an ethicist studying police behavior.
35. In the above example regarding the driver who ran the red light, we could say that Jones’ actions were unethical
because he had a duty to enforce the law. This viewpoint would be consistent with a(n) ___________ ethical
system.
a. deontological
b. teleological
c. ethics of care
d. ethics of virtue
ANSWER: a
36. Let’s assume that the driver turned out to be an undercover police officer who was engaged in surveillance. Jones
intended at first to write a citation. However, when he found out the driver was an officer, he decided to let him go,
so that the undercover officer would not have attention drawn to him while Jones wrote the citation. Jones decided
that letting the officer go would best serve the greater good. This would be consistent with:
a. universality
b. professional courtesy
c. utilitarianism
d. deontology
ANSWER: c

37. Assume that the waitress at the diner was new and did not know about Officer Jones’ arrangement with the owner.
She brought a check for the food and coffee, and Officer Jones grudgingly paid. Because the choice of the diner
was motivated by Officer Jones’ desire for a free meal,
______________ would consider his actions immoral even though he paid.
a. universality
b. ethical formalism
c. utilitarianism
d. teleological ethics
ANSWER: b
You have been hired to consult with the new chief of a police department that has been fraught with complaints of
officer misconduct.
38. You draft recommendations to improve the hiring process. You advise the chief that one particular category of
recruits was more likely to be terminated during probation. Which group is this?
a. Hispanic recruits
b. recruits with only a high school diploma
c. recruits with military experience
d. recruits under the age of 22
ANSWER: d
solutions.
39. The chief explains that the department has its own section dedicated to monitoring the department’s officers
and investigating complaints. This is known as:
a. the self-policing model.
b. the internal affairs model.
c. a consent decree.
d. the “rotten barrel” scenario.
ANSWER: b

40. After reviewing the reports of officer misconduct, you determine that they seem to be individual acts for the most
part. You recommend an improved screening process, random integrity tests, and a process of reviewing use-of-
force reports in order to detect possible warning signs. This approach is known as a ______________ response.
a. rotten-apple
b. rotten barrel
c. consent decree
d. “Big Five”
ANSWER: a
41. Studies indicate that gratuities do not influence the way that officers patrol.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
42. Transparency International finds that the country with the highest integrity scores for their law enforcement agencies
include the United States.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
43. In the international study of police integrity, officers in the United States rated theft from crime scenes as the most
serious form of misconduct.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

44. Kania believes that every officer goes through a slippery slope where small lapses lead to larger acts of corruption.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
45. A gift is different from a gratuity.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
46. In Macintyre and Prenzler’s study of whether police officers would issue a ticket to a business owner who
gave them gratuities, less than half said they would issue the ticket.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
47. According to a 2006 study of police in New York City, the most common reason for termination was a failed drug
test.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

48. Police officers with criminal records for sexual offenses are prevented from obtaining law enforcement positions in
other jurisdictions.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
49. There is no evidence to indicate that police behavior is influenced by the possibility of civil lawsuits.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
solutions.
50. Research shows that there is no relation between an officer’s level of education and the number of
citizen complaints received.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
solutions.
51. Because gratuities are seen as a gateway to more serious corruption, all American police departments have strict
“no gratuities” policies.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
solutions.

52. An operation in which a police officer is placed in a position where he or she might be tempted to break a rule or a
law and is monitored to see what he or she will do is known as a “graft check.”
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
solutions.
53. Noble-cause corruption is a type of organizational level explanation for police deviance.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
54. According to Gilmartin and Harris, an officer’s “continuum of compromise” begins when he or she perceives a
sense of victimization on the job.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
55. Greene’s study showed that the area an officer patrols is associated with the likelihood of receiving
discipline, complaints, or becoming involved in police shootings.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ETHI.POLL.17.07.04 - Describe societal explanations of corruption and potential
solutions.

56. When one acts upon opportunities created by one’s authority for the purpose of personal gain at the expense of the
public, it is called ________________.
ANSWER: corruption
57. The phrase ________________ was used by the Knapp Commission to describe NYC police officers who were
taking bribes, gratuities, and unsolicited protection money and who were fairly passive in their deviant practices.
ANSWER: grass eaters

58. The phrase ________________ was used by the Knapp Commission to describe deviant NYC police officers who
engaged in shakedowns, shopped at burglary scenes, and engaged in more serious practices.
ANSWER: meat eaters

59. ___________ refers to any exploitation of one’s role, such as accepting bribes, protection money, or kickbacks.
ANSWER: Graft
60. The computerized crime-counting program known as was designed to hold police officials
accountable for their department’s effectiveness, which led some to make improper arrests to bolster their numbers.
ANSWER: Compstat

61. Because people tend not to believe them, homeless women and are especially vulnerable to sexual
extortion by police officers.
ANSWER: prostitutes
62. In the 1980s, a group of police officers nicknamed the “River Rats” committed a series of armed robberies in
______________.
ANSWER: Miami
REFERENCES: Criminal Cops
63. Conflict-of-interest laws recognize the reality that accepting items of value from stakeholders compromises a public
official’s ________________.
ANSWER: discretion
64. ________________ are items of value received by an individual because of his or her role or position rather than
because of a personal relationship with the giver.
ANSWER: Gratuities
solutions.
65. Experiences such as witnessing the death of a fellow officer or accidentally killing a bystander can cause ,
which produces symptoms such as flashbacks and anger control issues.
ANSWER: PTSD
solutions.

66. The ________________ argument states that the officer alone was deviant and that it was simply a mistake to hire
him or her.
ANSWER: rotten-apple
solutions.
67. Civilian review boards have been in existence since the mid-1960s, yet continue to strongly oppose
them.
ANSWER: police unions

68. An agreement requiring a police department to adopt reforms mandated by the Department of Justice is known as
a(n) ____________________.
ANSWER: consent decree

69. To be is to lose one’s license to serve as a police officer.
ANSWER: decertified
70. Regardless of formal ethical codes, police are influenced by the standards of behavior they observe in their
________________.
ANSWER: supervisors
71. List and discuss examples of law enforcement corruption in other countries.
ANSWER: Answers will vary


72. List and describe Barker and Carter’s types of abuse.

73. Compare and contrast “grass eaters” and “meat eaters.”

74. Discuss the difference between on-duty and off-duty misbehavior by police, and distinguish between police
corruption and police crime.

Abuse of Authority
75. Describe the arguments supporting and opposing a policy that allows officers to accept gratuities.

76. Summarize the available research concerning the on-duty use of drugs by police officers and discuss the
implications.


77. Discuss the pros and cons of requiring police officers to wear body cameras, in an effort to reduce on-duty
misbehavior.

solutions.
ETHI.POLL.17.07.03 - Describe organizational explanations of corruption and
78. Explain how “perverse incentives” such as COMPSTAT can lead to organizational corruption.

79. Explain the “continuum of compromise” as it relates to police misconduct, including how it might help
supervisors recognize warning signs.

80. Discuss the research concerning on-duty use of force. What factors seem to lead to use of excessive force?


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Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice 9th

Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice 7th

Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice 8th

Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice 8th

Criminal Justice in Canada 7th Edition Goff Test Bank

Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal

Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal

Criminal Justice 5th Edition Albanese Test Bank

3. The term “grass eaters” refers to police officers in:

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 2

9. According to Fyfe and Kane, “conduct-related probationary failures” is:

10. According to Fyfe and Kane, on-duty abuse is:

13. Ethical formalism would reject a policy of allowing gratuities if they:

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 4

16. Which of the following is not considered graft?

20. A comparison of the rates of sexual harassment in policing finds:

21. The Buddy Boys operated in which city?

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 6

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 7

26. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is:

27. A consent decree is an agreement between a local police department and:

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 9

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 10

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 12

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 13

45. A gift is different from a gratuity.

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 14

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 15

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 16

ANSWER: grass eaters

ANSWER: meat eaters

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 17

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 18

ANSWER: police unions

ANSWER: consent decree

69. To be is to lose one’s license to serve as a police officer.

ANSWER: Answers will vary

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 19

ANSWER: Answers will vary

73. Compare and contrast “grass eaters” and “meat eaters.”

ANSWER: Answers will vary

ANSWER: Answers will vary

ANSWER: Answers will vary

ANSWER: Answers will vary

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 20

ANSWER: Answers will vary

ANSWER: Answers will vary

ANSWER: Answers will vary

ANSWER: Answers will vary

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 21

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