PHILIPPINE COLLEGE FOUNDATION

Purok 6, Hagkol, City of Valencia

”The School that Trains for Service’

SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

MODULE

QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
(CRIM-4)
LEARNING UNIT VII

1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 At the end of the lesson the Third (3rd) Year Bachelor of Science in Criminology students will be
able to:

1.1. Know the security features of Philippine paper Bills

1.2. Identify hidden security features of 6 paper bills;
1.3. Recognize the New Generation Currency notes with four layers of security features
1.4. Know the individual characteristics of Philippine paper Bills;
1.5. Recognize features of higher denomination;
1.6. Know characteristics of U.S. paper money
1.7. Know the legal aspect of forgery, counterfeiting and falsification

2 TIME FRAME:

2 hours Face to Face (F2F) and 1 hour Online/Class Room Google twice a week (Tuesday &
Wednesday)

3 MATERIALS NEEDED:

Modules, 1 Big Notebook, Handouts, Laptop or Smartphone, DLP Projector

4. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES:

a. Group Discussion
b. On Line lecture
c. Assignment
d. Group Research
e. PowerPoint Presentation
f. Google Classroom/Meet
 LEARNING UNIT VII
PRE-TEST

INSTRUCTION: Answer the PRE-TEST with the best of your ability, email your answer on May 08, 2021
@ 5:00PM @ nymiaravidas@pcf.edu.ph. or send your answer at my messenger NM Ravidas

A. IDENTIFY THE SECURITY FEATURES OF PHILIPPINE CURRENCY 1000 PAPER BILL

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LESSON I:
6.1. BANKNOTES AND FEATURES OF PHILIPPINE PAPER BILLS
6.1.1. EMBOSSED PRINTS:
6.1.2. OPTICALLY VARIABLE DEVICE
6.1.3. EMBEDDED SECURITY THREAD
6.1.4. OPTICALLY VARIABLE INK
6.1.5. SERIAL NUMBER/VALUE PANEL
6.1.6. MICROPRINTING
6.1.7. CONCEALED VALUE
6.1.8. WATERMARK
6.1.9. SECURITY FIBER

NEW GENERATION BANKNOTES OF THE PHILIPPINES 2010 NEW GENERATION & NEW DESIGN
 Year 2009, the Central Bank of the Philippines announced that it launched a massive redesign for
current banknotes to further enhance security features and improve durability. The members of the
numismatic committee include Bangko Sentral Deputy Governor Diwa Guinigundo and Dr. Ambeth
Ocampo Chairman of the National Historical Institute. The new banknote design features famous Filipinos
and iconic natural wonders. The CBP started releasing the initial batch of new banknotes in 2010 of
December while new coins will be introduced beginning 2012. Current banknotes will remain legal tender
for at least three years.
On December 16, 2010, the new series & new design of Philippine banknotes were released.
All 6 denominations of Philippine Banknotes — 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 & 1,000 pesos have new designs
and new security features.
P20 note
Obverse : President Manuel L. Quezon, Filipino as the National Language, Malacañang Palace,
Seal of the President and the new BSP Seal.
On its obverse side President Manuel L. Quezon is the featured personality. He is popularly known
as the “Father of the National Language”, the second president of the Philippines and the first to be elected
to seat as head of our country through a national election. He worked tirelessly to gain recognition for the
Philippines as an independent nation. During his term, a national language for the Philippines was adopted
and our women are given the right to vote. President Quezon is the first Filipino President to hold office in
theMalacañang Palace by the Pasig River.
Reverse : Design highlights map of the Philippines featuringBanaue Rice Terraces and the palm
civet popularly known as “coffee alamid” from the mountains of the Cordilleras, which are famous for
producing the best and most expensive coffee.
P50 note
Obverse: Page President Sergio Osmeña, First National Assembly, Leyte Landing of Gen. Douglas
MacArthur and staff land at Palo Beach, Leyte, October 20, 1944 where he announce to the populace the
beginning of their liberation: “People of the Philippines, I have returned! By the grace of Almighty God, our
forces stand again on Philippine soil.”.
Reverse : Look features the Taal Lake the deepest freshwater lake in the country which host Taal
Volcano, the worlds smallest volcano and the place where the Giant Trevally thrives, the fish is locally
known as Maliputo, it is a delicious milky fish that can be only found on the lake.
P100 note
Obverse : side features President Manuel A. Roxas, Central Bank of the Philippines 1949 and the
inaguration of the Third Republic July 4, 1946.
Reverse : Back side highlights the Majestic Mayon Volcano of Legazpi, Albay the country’s most
active volcano which has near perfect cone. Also featured here is the “Butanding” or whale shark its
scientific name was Rhincodon typus, the world’s largest living fish which is the main attraction of Water
and Fish enthusiast in Donsol, Sorsogon.
P200 note
Obverse : Featured in the obverse side of this two hundred peso bill is President Diosdado P.
Macapagal , with the Independence house and Barasoain Church.
Reverse : The back side design highlights Chocolate Hills of Bohol and the Philippine tarsier
described by wikipedia as the one of the world’s smallest primates which can be found in Bohol and in
Samar, Leyte and Mindanao.
P500 note
Obverse : The Icons of Democracy President Corazon “Cory” Aquino and Senator Benigno “Ninoy”
Aquino Jr. Including EDSA People Power I February 1986 and Benigno S. Aquino Jr. Monument. side of
500 peso bill design highlights eight-kilometer Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park in
Palawan, Philippine cockatoo and the blue-naped parrot, which thrives in the forests of Palawan and
Mindoro.Reverse :
This side of 500 peso bill design highlights eight-kilometer Puerto Princesa Subterranean River
National Park in Palawan, Philippine cockatoo and the blue-naped parrot, which thrives in the forests of
Palawan and Mindoro province.
P1,000 note
Obverse : The 1000 peso note features war heroes Josefa Llanes Escoda, Jose Abad Santos and
Vicente P. Lim also a picture of the Centenial of Philippine Independence and photo of Medal of Honor.
Reverse : This side features Tubbataha Reef Marine Park one of the declared UNESCO World
Heritage Site and a picture of South Sea Pearl, which is came from oysters, this is a pearl produced by
the Pinctada maxima mollusk that thrive in the South Seas of Sulu Sea.

FOR GREATER PROTECTION, THE NGC NOTES WERE PROVIDED WITH FOUR LAYERS OF
SECURITY FEATURES:
LEVEL I : Security features which can be easily recognized by the public without use of special instrument.
These are THE “LOOK, FEEL, TILT” elements in the notes such as watermark, security thread, security
fibers, and others.
LEVEL II: Security features recognizable by professional cash handlers/bank tellers with the use of
magnifying lens or ultraviolet light. Examples are fluorophosporescent features, SECURITY FIBERS, AND
MICROPRINTING.
LEVEL III: The hidden or covert security features reserved for the use of the Bangko Sentral.
LEVEL IV: Forensic security features for the use of law enforcers in testifying whether a banknote is
genuine or counterfeit. These are detectable at specialized laboratories.
The publication goes further to detail Level I security features for public knowledge. Some of the Level II
security features can be seen, but Levels III and IV are not for public use.
LEVEL I: SECURITY FEATURES WHICH CAN BE EASILY RECOGNIZED BY THE PUBLIC WITHOUT
THE USE OF SPECIAL INSTRUMENT. THESE ARE THE “LOOK,” “FEEL,” AND “TILT” ELEMENTS IN
THE NOTES, ENUMERATED BELOW.
1. EMBOSSED PRINTS: The embossed or raised print nature of the ink deposition combined with
the quality of cotton-based paper gives the traditional banknote a unique tactile effect that makes it the
first and the most important line of defense against counterfeiting. This can be felt over the words
“REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,” denominational value in text, signatures, and value panels particularly,
the one located at the lower right corner of the obverse.

2. ASYMMETRIC SERIAL NUMBER: Alphanumeric characters at the lower left and upper right
corners of the note bearing one or two prefix letters and six to seven digits, with font increasing in size
and thickness.
 3. SECURITY FIBERS: Visible red and blue fibers embedded on the paper and randomly
scattered on the face and back of the note.

4. WATERMARK: Shadow image of the portrait with the highlighted denominational value that is
particularly seen against the light from either side of the blank space on the note.
 5. SEE-THROUGH MARK: The pre-Hispanic script (Baybayin) at the lower right corner of the
face of the note slightly above the value panel. This is seen in complete form only when the note is
viewed against the light. This script means “PILIPINO.”

Obverse

Reverse

VIEWED AGAINST THE LIGHT.

 6. CONCEALED VALUE: The denominational value superimposed at the smaller version portrait
at the upper left portion of the note. This becomes clearly visible when the note is rotated 45 degrees
and slightly tilted.

7.SECURITY THREAD (EMBEDDED OR WINDOWED): Embedded thread that runs vertically

across the width of 20- and 50- piso notes when viewed against the light. Also, the stitch-like metallic
thread on the 100-, 200-, 500- and 1000-piso notes which changes color from red to green and
bears the cleartext of “BSP” and the denominational value on the obverse and “BSP” on the reverse,
both in repeated series.
 8. OPTICALLY VARIABLE DEVICE (OVD) PATCH: Found only in 500- and 1000-piso notes, this
patch is a reflective foil, bearing the image of the Blue-naped parrot for 500-piso/clam with South Sea
pearl for 1000-piso, changes color from red to green when the note is rotated 90 degrees.
*Incorporated on the OVD patch is a logo of BSP that also changes color when viewed from different
angles, the denomination at the upper right and bottom center, the text BANGKO SENTRAL NG
PILIPINAS on the upper left of the oval, and a micro print right below the clam or parrot.
 9. OPTICALLY VARIABLE INK (OVI): Found only in the 1000-piso note, this embossed
denominational value at the lower right corner of the face of the note changes color from green to blue
when viewed at different angles.
 Higher denominations

Image Description Date

Dimensio Main
Value
ns Color First
Obvers Revers Withdraw
Obverse Reverse issu
e e al
e

President Jose
ph
Estrada taking
his oath of
office on June
30, 1998 in the Re-
historic Baraso enactment of
ain Church, the the
seat of the first declaration of
democratic Philippine
Blue
216 × republic in Asia Independenc August 1,
₱2,000 and 1998
133 mm shown in the e at 2019
violet
background as the Aguinaldo
well as the Shrine in Kaw
scroll of it,
the Malolos Cavite on Jun
Constitution an e 12, 1898
d the seal of
the BSP
(Bangko
Sentral ng
Pilipinas)

President Jose Re-

ph enactment of
Estrada taking the
his oath of declaration of
office on June Philippine
Blue
160 × 30, 1998 in the Independenc August 1,
₱2,000 and 2001
66 mm historic Baraso e at 2019
violet ain Church, the the Aguinaldo
seat of the first Shrine in Kaw
democratic it,
republic in Asia Cavite on Jun
shown in the e 12, 1898
background as
 well as the
scroll of
the Malolos
Constitution an
d the seal of
the BSP
(Bangko
Sentral ng
Pilipinas)

Cry of Pugad
Lawin,
Philippine
Yello Philippine
Centennial
₱100,00 356 × w- Declaration of August 1,
Commission 1998
0 216 mm orang Independenc 2019
logo,
e e
Former Bangko
Sentral ng
Pilipinas logo

ERRORS
Several errors have been discovered on banknotes of the New Generation series and have become the
subject of ridicule on social networking sites. Among these are the exclusion of Batanes from the
Philippine map on the reverse of all denominations, the mislocation of the Puerto Princesa Subterranean
Underground River on the reverse of the 500-peso bill and the Tubbataha Reef on the 1000-peso bill, and
the incorrect coloring on the beak and feathers of the blue-naped parrot on the 500-peso bill.The scientific
names of the animals featured on the reverse sides of all banknotes were incorrectly rendered as well.
According to Design Systemat, the designers of the new bills, that drafts prepared by the company of the
new 500-peso bill shows a red beak of the blue-naped parrot. This color was changed by the printers to
account for practical printing concerns. The designers further explains that printing banknotes is not like
printing brochures. Due to the intaglio printing and limited printing capability of banknote printers, it can
only produce a limited full color reproduction.
The alleged mislocation of the Tubbataha Reef on the one thousand peso note was due to a security
feature, a smaller version of the featured species on the bills' reverse (which is also featured on all
banknote denominations) was located on top of the exact location of the Tubbataha Reef on the map.
Giving the option of either moving the key security feature on the standard position or locating the
Tubbataha marker correctly, the bills' French printers, Oberthur Technologies, decided to move the reef
marker slightly south on the Philippine map.
 HOW TO DETECT FAKE MONEY VS REAL MONEY IN THE PHILIPPINES
When you know what to look for and where to look, you can easily determine fake money vs. real
money. The BSP has come up with a three-step inspection method called FEEL, LOOK, and TILT. This
method is detailed below together with two additional handy tips.
FEEL

In this step, you’re supposed to feel a note’s tactile cues that will prove its authenticity. Here are the
things you need to check:
 Security Paper – The Philippine banknote should feel different from the usual paper. After all, it’s
primarily made of abaca fiber. It shouldn’t be exaggeratedly smooth.
 Embossed Prints – The note features embossed elements, so you’ll feel a variation of textures
across its surface.
 Tactile Marks – A few pairs of congruent lines on either side of the note are marks that help
visually impaired people to identify and differentiate bills. Furthermore, these marks are a sign
that your note is authentic.
LOOK
How can you tell the difference between real and fake money? You can tell the difference between fake
money vs. real money by looking at the unique visual features of a note. Here’s what you need to check:
 Watermark – This is the “apparition” of the faces featured on the bill. If you hold the note under
the light, you’ll see these shadow images on the right side.
 Security Fiber – Security fibers are the thin yet visible lines that are randomly spread on the front
and back of the note. They should come in blue and red.
 Asymmetric Serial Number – At the lower left and upper right sides of the note, you’ll find the
serial number. This should bear one to two prefix letters and six to seven digits. The font
increases in size and thickness.
  See-Through Mark – At the lower right corner of the note, you’ll notice a
truncated Babaylan script. Hold the money against the light, and the truncated part will be visible,
revealing the entirety of the script. The said script means PILIPINO.
TILT
Continue your visual inspection by tilting your money. Doing this will reveal features that aren’t found on
fake notes.
 Security Thread – For smaller notes like ₱20 and ₱50, this is the vertical line that runs across
the width of the bill. This line becomes visible when you view your bill against the light. For larger
notes, such as ₱100, ₱200, ₱500, and ₱1,000, the line appears as a series of metallic dashes
featuring the note’s value and the text “BSP.”
 Concealed Numerical Value – At the upper right corner of the bill, you’ll see a smaller version of
the portrait. Tilt the note at a 45-degree angle, and you’ll see the money’s value over the portrait.
 Optically Variable Ink (for ₱1,000 notes) – The money’s value printed on the lower right corner
of the note should not be only embossed; its color should also change from green to blue when
you view it at different angles. A fake 1000-peso bill doesn’t have this feature.
 Optically Variable Device Patch (for ₱500 and ₱1,000 notes) – The reflective foil printed on
the left side of the note’s portrait has a hidden visual cue. To check if it's a fake 500 peso bill or
not, tilt your ₱500 note. You’ll see an image of the Blue-naped parrot. For the ₱1,000 note, you’ll
see an image of a clam with the South Sea pearl.
 Enhanced Value Panel (for ₱500 and ₱1,000 notes) – For newer notes, the numerical value on
the left side of the bill should have a color-shifting effect

New Philippine 1000 Peso Bill Security Features

1. Polymer Substrate – Feel the smooth surface. The banknote is one continuous sheet with
transparent areas.
2. Enhanced Value Panel – Tilt the note from left to right, and vice versa, to see the rolling-
bar effect.
3. Sampaguita Clear Window – Look through the small transparent window depicting the
Sampaguita (Jasminum sambac).
4. Feel the transparent embossed line structures with the text “BSP” inside the flower on the
front face of the note.
5. Serial Numbers – Look for two (2) identical serial numbers composed of 2 prefix letters
and 7 asymmetric (increasing in size) digits.
6. Tactile Dots – Feel the five highly embossed dots intended to assist the elderly and the
visually impaired.
7. Embossed Prints – Feel the raised ink that is rough to the
touch.
Front: Philippine Eagle portrait, “REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS”, signatures, and the amount in
words.
 Back: Philippine map, South Sea Pearl, “Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park“, T’nalak weave
design, denomination, and the amount in words.
Feel-Look-Tilt method to check Philippine banknotes.
Shadow Thread – Look for the 5-mm vertical band on either side of the note when viewed
against the light. The denominational value and “BSP” text appear in repeated series.
8. Vertical Clear Window – Look through the large transparent vertical window containing
multiple security features.
9. Metallic Features – Look at the details of metallic images and symbols in the vertical clear
window. Tilt the note to see color changes and dynamic motion.
Dynamic Waves. Wavy lines on the front face of the note move when it is tilted back and
forth. Republic of the Philippines (RP) Seal and Mirrored Denomination. Both show
moving vertical-line effects when the note is tilted back and forth.
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Logo and 3D Denomination. On the front, the BSP logo
and 3D denomination outline display a striking rainbow effect when the note is tilted at
different angles. On the back, only the BSP logo is visible.
10. Blue Iridescent Figure – Tilt and Look to see the figure that displays varying tones of blue
when the note is viewed at different angles.
11. Flying Eagle – Feel the transparent embossed outline of a stylized flying eagle
1000 PESOS PHILIPPINE PAPER BILL SECURITY FEATURES

1 5
8

2
10
6 0

4 7 11

8
3

10 6

11
7
CHARACTERISTICS OF U.S. PAPER MONEY

TYPES:

• Federal Reserve note – with GREEN treasury seal and serial number.
• United States Note – with RED treasury seal and serial number.
• Silver Certificate – with BLUE treasury seal and serial number.

FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES - Each Federal Reserve Note also carries a regional seal at the left of the
portrait on the face of the bill. This seal is printed in black and bears the name of the Federal Reserve
Bank of issue. Numbers and letters representing the Federal Reserve District in which that bank is located,
are:
• 1- Boston - “A” 7 - Chicago - “G”
• 2- New York - “B” 8 - St. Louis- “H”
• 3- Philadelphia - “C” 9 - Minneapolis- “I”
• 4- Cleveland - “D” 10 – Kansas - “J”
• 5- Richmond - “E” 11 - Dallas - “K”
6 - Atlanta - “F” 12 - San Francisco- “L”

SALIENT FEATURES COMMON TO ALL TYPES: Portrait – every denomination has the following:
$1 - Washington $50 - Grant
$2 - Jefferson $100 - Franklin
$5 - Lincoln $500 - McKinley
$10 - Hamilton $1000- Cleveland
$20 - Jackson $5000- Madison

EXAMINATION OF SUSPECTED COUNTERFEIT BANKNOTE.

As well as inspection under ultraviolet light, the investigator should look at the banknote with a hand
lens.

He should pay particular attention to the quantity of the portrait in the bank note. This is the one
extremely fine detail of a good engraved plate.

The color of the ink should be compared with the color of a genuine banknote. It is very difficult for
counterfeiter to match exactly the same shade of ink by a genuine manufacturer
LEGAL ASPECT OF FORGERY, COUNTERFEITING AND FALSIFICATION –

FORGERY, COUNTERFEITING AND FALSIFICATION:

• COUNTERFEITING - It is the crime of making, circulating or uttering false coins and
banknotes. Literally, it means to make a copy of; or imitate; to make a spurious
semblance of, as money or stamps, with the intent to deceive or defraud.
Counterfeiting is something made to imitate the real thing used for gain.
• FALSIFICATION – The act/process of making the content/s of a document not the
intended content.
• FORGERY – The act of falsely making or materially altering, with intent to defraud,
any writing which if genuine, might be of legal efficacy or the foundation of a legal
liability.

A. FOREGERIES - What are the crimes called forgeries?

Forging the seal of the government, signature or stamp of the chief Executive (Art. 161).
Counterfeiting coins (Art. 163).
Mutilation of coins (Art. 164).
Forging treasury or bank notes or other documents payable to bearer (Art. 166).

(Pursuant to Title Four, Chapter One, Revised Penal Code – Crimes Against Public Interests)
Counterfeiting instruments not payable to bearer (Art. 167).
Falsification of legislative documents (Art. 172).
Falsification by public officer, employee or notary or ecclesiastical minister (Art. 171).
Falsification by private individuals (Art. 172).
Falsification of wireless, cable, telegraph and telephone messages (Art. 173).
Falsification of medical certificates, certificates of merit or service (Art. 174).

B. Acts punishable under Art. 161:

• Forging the great seal of the Government of the Philippines.
• Forging the signature of the President.
• Forging the stamp of the President.

C. What are the crimes under counterfeiting coins? They are:

• Making and importing and uttering false coins (Art. 163);
• Mutilation of coins – importation and utterance of mutilated coins (Art. 164); and
• Selling of false or mutilated coin, without connivance (Art. 165).

D. Reason for punishing forgery - Forgery of currency is punished so as to maintain the integrity of the
currency and thus insure the credit standing of the government and prevent the imposition on the public
and the government of worthless notes or obligations.
ACTS OF FALSIFICATION (Art. 171 & 172)
• Counterfeiting or imitating any handwriting, signature, or rubric;
• causing it to appear that persons have participated in any act or proceeding when they did not in
fact so participate;
• Attributing to persons who have participated in an act or proceeding statements other than those in
fact made by them;

ACTS OF FALSIFICATION (Art. 171 & 172)

• Making untruthful statements in a narration of facts;
• Altering true dates;
• Making any alteration or intercalation in a genuine document which changes its meaning;

ACTS OF FALSIFICATION (Art. 171 & 172)

• Issuing in an authenticated form a document purporting to be a copy of an original document when
no such original exists, or including in such copy a statement contrary to, or different from, that of
the genuine original; or
• Intercalating any instrument or note relative to the issuance thereof in a protocol, registry, or official
book.