Xavier de Damulog High School, Inc.

Poblacion, Damulog,
Bukidnon 8721
Bukidnon Association of Catholic Schools (BUACS), Inc.
Diocese of Malaybalay
Name: ______________________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________
Quarter/Topic: Second Quarter/ TLE 8 Teacher: Rosejie C. Capisnon (09171526038)

Learning Activity Sheet No. 2.4

A. Title: Identifying Hazards and Risks
B. Objectives/Learning Targets:
The students will be able to know:
 The hazards and risks in the workplace
 The effects of the hazards and risks to human being
C. Values Integration: Honest
D. Background Information for Learners:
Technical Terms
 Chemical – substance used in preparing products
 Hazard – anything that may put someone’s life in danger
Introduction
Occupational safety and health (OSH) procedures specified by the government, the Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE) in particular, are recommended in the workplace to protect employer’s and employee’s
physical well-being. The main objective of OSH is to ensure safe and conducive working conditions for all
employees by the set and enforced standards. These standards will guarantee that all employees are protected
while performing their duties and responsibilities in the workplace.
In this lesson, you will be acquainted with the different types of hazards and risks in any workplace. You will
also determine the effects of such hazards.
HAZARDS AND RISKS
Hazard have definitely increased in the 21 st century. This is the effect of a continuous increase in population,
establishment of more industries, and pollution. This lesson will help you identify some common workplace
hazards and their effects.
A hazard is anything that has potential to affect the health and safety of a person. Work practices and
procedures can be hazards. Risk refers to the possibility of being exposed to a hazard.
Some common workplace hazards include physical, biological, ergonomic, chemical, and psychological
hazards.
 Physical hazards are hazards that impart on the body. They are the most common type of hazards that
can be found in any work place. They are easy to discover but are taken for granted very often because
people are oblivious and/or uninformed about them. Here are some examples:
a. Electricity. Appliances powered by electricity, when faulty, can lead to fire, burn, shock, and/or
injury. An open wire in a cord, incorrect wiring or frayed cords may go unnoticed in the
workplace.
b. Noise. Unpleasant, loud, unwanted, or unexpected noise can cause confusion and stress, for,
example, a caregiver who is exposed to noise from patients and other sources
c. Spills on floor or tripping hazards. All liquid spilled on the floor can cause accidents such as falls
or trips.
Other examples of physical hazards include vibration, lighting, heat and cold, and inadequate
working space.
  Biological hazard are caused by infections that are contagious, including those caused by bacteria and
viruses. If the caregivers is working in a hospital, hotel laundry, nursing home, laboratory, or veterinary
clinic, he or she is in direct contact with or exposed to biological hazards like:
a. Blood or body fluids
b. Fungi
c. Bacteria
d. Viruses
e. Contaminated wastes
A caregiver may suffer from skin irritation, allergy, tuberculosis, and other infections from such
biological hazards.
 Ergonomic hazards affect the caregiver physically because these involve, for instance, in appropriate
heights of work stations, especially computer work stations. Other examples are the following:
a. Carrying out task that require lifting heavy loads
b. Performing too much twisting and reaching
c. Being in an upright or standing position for a long period of time
d. Holding body parts for a long period of time
e. Doing difficult movements, especially if they are repetitive
f. Repeating the same activities over and over
Due to ergonomic hazards, a caregiver can suffer from pain in the shoulders, back injury, numbness
in some parts of the body, and muscle cramps.
 Chemical hazards like gases, dust, fumes, and vapors from cleaning products like liquid detergents,
disinfectants, and pesticides are dangerous to health. When a caregiver is exposed to any chemical,
especially if it is inhaled, digested, or in direct contact with the skin, he or she may suffer from
suffocation, dizziness, loss of consciousness, allergy, or even death. Moreover, the use, storage, and
maintenance of chemical plus poor ventilation are also hazards. Hence, it is important that safety
measures are practiced all the time to avoid accidents caused by chemical hazards.
 Psychological hazards arise when the caregiver’s mind or emotions are affected by the work
environment. Examples of psychological hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to are the following:
a. Breakdown, fatigue, stress caused by working longer hours
b. Unrealistic performance expectations
c. Being understaffed
d. Unreasonable outlook from patients
The effects of psychological hazards include sadness, worry, loss of self-reliance, loss of attention to
work, and declining performance at work.
E. Learning Competency with Code:
 Perform computations involving ratio, proportion, fractions and conversion; compute oral dosages;
determine rectal dosages; calculate pediatric dosages (TLE_HECGPM7/8-0g-4)

F. Detailed Instructions/Directions:
 Day 1-2: Read the background information for Learners
 Day 3-4: Study all the lesson for the upcoming exam

Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

Rosejie C. Capisnon, LPT Epher Baluarte, LPT Sr. Rowena J. Suarez, MCM
Subject Teacher Academic Coordinator School Principal