Xavier de Damulog High School, Inc.

Poblacion, Damulog,
Bukidnon 8721
Bukidnon Association of Catholic Schools (BUACS), Inc.
Diocese of Malaybalay
Name: ______________________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________
Quarter/Topic: Second Quarter/ TLE 8 Teacher: Rosejie C. Capisnon (09171526038)

Learning Activity Sheet No. 2.3

A. Title: Performing Simple Calculations (Part 1)

B. Objectives/Learning Targets:
The students will be able to know:
 The computations involving ratio, proportions, fractions and conversions.
 The calculation and mensuration of oral, rectal, and pediatric dosages.

C. Values Integration: Honest

D. Background Information for Learners:

TECHNICAL TERMS
 Calculation – process of estimating, assessing, or planning mathematical activities
 Cross multiplication – multiplying two numbers to obtain two products; usually done in determining ratio or proportion
 Medication – substance ordered by the physician for the prevention, remedy, or treatment of a diagnosed disease

Introduction
Mathematics plays a vital role in all facets of life. It is necessary even in the most basic of life functions such as
estimating time to drive to various locations or counting calories you gained from eating one slice of chocolate cake.
You will learn the basic concepts governing ratio and proportion, and techniques in converting units of measurements in
this lesson. Note that practical knowledge of ratio, proportion, and conversion of measurements is necessary for a physician’s
prescription of the specific dosage medication to be taken by a patient at a given time.
Mensuration is the process of calculating or determining something by mathematical or logical methods. It is based on the
use of algebraic equations and geometric calculations to provide measurement data regarding the width, depth, and volume of a given
object or group of objects.
CALCULATIONS OF DOSAGE
Calculating the dosage of medicine means estimating the appropriate amount of drugs to be taken by the patient. In this
lesson, you will learn to administer correct drug dosages for patients by performing computations involving ratio, proportion, and
fractions.
A fraction is a numerical expression indicating that one number is divided by another. A fraction may also read as the
numerator divided by the denominator. Fractions can be expressed in decimal form by dividing the numerator by the denominator.
Fractions can be simplified when the numerator and denominator have a common factor. A slash or bar is used to separate the
numerator from the denominator.
2 Numerator
− Bar Separator
5 Denominator

To simplify a fraction, divide the numerator and the denominator by their greatest common factor.
Example:
12
1.) Simplify
15
2.) The greatest common factor of 12 and 15 is 3.
12 3 4
÷ =
15 3 5
4 12
3.) Therefore, is the lowest term of .
5 15
To express a fraction into decimal, simply divide the numerator by the denominator.
Practice Exercise
4 Ratio comprises two numbers that have significant relationship with each other
1.) Express into decimal form.
5 that is expressed in the form of a fraction or written using a colon.
8 12
2.) Which is bigger or ? Proportion is a mathematical statement about two equivalent ratios. In the
5 11
2 p q
proportion p :r=q :b∨ = , p , q ,r ,∧b are called terms of the proportion.
3.) What is of 500 mL? r b
5
The terms p and b are called extremes, and r and q are called means.
8
4.) Is in lowest term? Explain your answer?
12
 25
5.) Express in decimal form.
30

SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT AND COMMON EQUIVALENTS

The metric system is a decimal system of weighing and measuring medications based on units of 10,100 and 1000. Grams and liters
are basic units of measurement in this system. Grams measure weight and generally indicate solids; liters measure volume and
generally indicate liquids. Common units of measurement in medication dosages are grams (g), milligrams (mg), micrograms (mcg),
liters (L), and milliliters (mL).
Prefix Abbreviation Numerical Value
kilo k 1000
hecto h 100
deca da 10
Table 2. Common metric prefixes
deci d 0.1
centi c 0.01
milli m 0.001
micro mc 0.000001

To convert one unit to another, you can use the metric slider below.
kilo hecto deca unit deci centi milli

Here are the steps in using the metric slider.

1.) Locate the given unit prefix in the metric slider.

2.) Move to the new unit and count the number of jumps and take note of its direction.
3.) Move the decimal point from the original number to the number of jumps in the same direction. Add zeros if necessary.

Examples:
 Write the absolute value 2.1 then add
1.) convert 2.1 L to mL zeros either before or after it.
Solution:  On the metric slider, the given unit needs
kilo hecto deca unit deci centi milli to move 3 spaces to the new unit going the
right. In the same manner, the decimal
point must be moved 3 places in the same
direction. (00002.100.00)
 1 L = 2100mL ANSWER
2.1 L

2.) How many grams are there in 280 cg?  Write the absolute value 280, then add
Solution: zeros either before or after it.
 On the metric slider, the given unit needs
kilo hecto deca unit deci centi milli to move 2 spaces to the new unit going the
left. In the same manner, the decimal
point must be moved 2 places in the same
direction. (0000280.0)
 2.80 g = 280 cg ANSWER
280 cg

There are different units that can be used to measure the same quantities. It is important to use sensible units. Some important units are
the following.
Unit Equivalent
1 ton 907.19 kg
1m 3
1000L Table 3. Unit Equivalent
1 cc or 1 cm3 1 mL

Common measurement units used at home include teaspoon, tablespoon, and ounce. Metric equivalent for these units are listed below.

Unit Equivalent
1 teaspoon (tsp) 5 mL
1 tablespoon (tbsp) 15mL
1 ounce (oz) 30 mL Table 4. Metric Equivalent for common units
1 pint 473.18 mg
1 cup © 8 oz
1 grain (gr) 650 mg
E. Learning Competency with Code:
 Perform computations involving ratio, proportion, fractions and conversion; compute oral dosages; determine rectal dosages;
calculate pediatric dosages (TLE_HECGPM7/8-0g-4)

F. Detailed Instructions/Directions:
 Day 1-2: Read the background information for Learners
 Day 3-4: Answer the activity and pass ONLY the answer sheet (1/2 short bond paper or paper or newsprint)

ACTIVITY

Instruction: Convert the unit given to another unit. You can write the answer directly. (3 points each)

1.) 1 L to mL

2.) 1kg to g

3.) 3 m3 to L

4.) 2 tsp to mL

5.) 3 cups to oz

Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

Rosejie C. Capisnon, LPT Epher Baluarte, LPT Sr. Rowena J. Suarez, MCM
Subject Teacher Academic Coordinator School Principal

F. Detailed Instructions/Directions:
 Day 1-2: Read the background information for Learners
 Day 3-4: Answer the activity and pass ONLY the answer sheet (1/2 short bond paper or paper or newsprint)

ACTIVITY

Instruction: Convert the unit given to another unit. You can write the answer directly. (3 points each)

1.) 1 L to mL

2.) 1kg to g

3.) 3 m3 to L

4.) 2 tsp to mL

5.) 3 cups to oz

Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

Rosejie C. Capisnon, LPT Epher Baluarte, LPT Sr. Rowena J. Suarez, MCM
Subject Teacher Academic Coordinator School Principal