Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit 3 Methods of Teaching
Unit 3 Methods of Teaching
Unit 3 Methods of Teaching
METHODS OF TEACHING
Lecture
Demonstration
Discussion
Seminar
Symposium
Panel discussion
Programmed instruction
Problem based learning
Microteaching
Self instructional module
Simulation
Computer assisted learning
Role play
Field trip
Workshop
Project method
Clinical teaching methods
Case method
Nursing rounds and reports
Bedside clinic
Conference
Process recording
MODEL QUESTIONS
LONG ESSAY
1. What is project method of learning, list down the types of project , Enlist the
guidelines for students and teacher for success of project method (3+4+8=15)
2. Discuss demonstration as a suitable method of teaching nursing students(10marks)
3. Discuss briefly on clinical teaching methods(10marks)
Role play
Nursing care conference
Nursing rounds
Four advantages of simulation
Techinique of questioning
1. What is project method of learning, Enlist the guidelines for students and teacher
for success of project method
DEFINITION
According to Ballard ,A project is a bit of real life that has been imported in to the school
Individual project
Group project
Providing a situation
Choosing and purposing
Planning of the project
Executing the project
Evaluating the project
• It activates several senses and visibly showing a process often helps in retention.
• Complex skills become more understandable as a result of the demonstration.
• Provides observational learning.
• Clarifies underlying principles.
• Commands interest.
• Correlate theory and practice.
• Helps teacher to evaluate the students' response,Facilitates return demonstration
CASE METHOD
• The case method of teaching and learning is often used with group discussion
• In nursing, case method has been extensively used as a prime method of teaching
than any other methods. Florence Nightingale used a modification of the case study in the
teaching of nursing students.
Case study:
Case study describes the life history of an individual or all of the factors which affect a
situation.
It gives the breadth and depth of an individual.
The nursing case study centers on the patient, his problems, his needs and nursing care.
Both medical and nursing care studies almost attain the well-rounded picture of the patient
from the onset of the problem, that is, before hospitalization as well as entire facts about his
illness and treatments
Case analysis method of teaching focuses on a central situation which requires some decision or
solution. It presents a concrete case for analysis and discussion by a group of students under the
leadership of the clinical instructor.
• Nursing care study describes the actual nursing care of the patient. I
it is a case study in which there is a holistic study of the individual patient to bring about complete
understanding of the required nursing care.
Bedside clinic
Nursing rounds
Nursing rounds is concerned with judging the adequacy of nursing care received by the patients and
it is conducted under the leadership of senior nurses
SHORT NOTE
1. Maintain good eye contact. Make the learners feel what you have to say is directed to each one
personally.
2. Maintain a high degree of enthusiasm.
3. Speak in a natural, conversational voice.
4. Emphasize important points by the use of gestures, repetition, and variation in voice
5. inflection.
Check learners' comprehension carefully throughout the presentation by watching the faces of the
learners and by questioning.
6. Instruct on the class level. Use words, explanations, questions, and the like, directed to the needs
of the average learner in the class.
7. Stimulate learners to think. Devices which stimulates learners are thought-provoking questions,
class discussions..
9. Sequence the content logically, systematically and sequentially building upon previous content
areas.
• It activates several senses and visibly showing a process often helps in retention.
• Complex skills become more understandable as a result of the demonstration.
• Provides observational learning.
• Clarifies underlying principles.
• Commands interest.
• Correlate theory and practice.
• Helps teacher to evaluate the students' response
• Facilitates demonstration
• It should be planned and effectively organized: check for college/board/university policy in field
trips; students to teacher ratios: transportation procedure and fund raising.
• Ensure that the field trip fulfills the educational objectives.
• Prepare a checklist to ensure that all tasks are completed (e.g. booking facilities and
transportation, parental notifications, medical forms, supervision, safety precautions, emergency
information) and have the administrator sign the checklist once completed.
• Ensure students have necessary background knowledge prior to field trip
• Plan on route activities to enrich their experience during the field trip.
• Be sure to visit the site ahead of time, in order to plan for safety, resources and resource
personnel, facility.
• Plan post-trip activities that build on the knowledge gained in partaking in the field trip (example:
reports, displays, photos, graphs).
Advantages of programmed instruction
1. Individualized instruction.
2. It permits individual learner to progress at his/her own speed.
3. it overcomes the inertia and passivity on the part of the learner.
4. The teacher can give explanation in the classroom if the error is common or he/ she may arrange
individual conferences on specific points.
5. Learning becomes an interesting game and the learner is motivated to meet the challenges set
by his/her own capabilities.
6. Programs are developed by experts.
7. The learner is immediately reinforced to correct his/ her response
8. Complexity is simplified through the analysis of the subject matter into small and more easily
assimilated segments of information.
9. Helps to overcome short of teachers.
10. Teachers are freed from the boredom of routine classroom teaching and they can devote more
time to more creative activities.
11. Certain motor skills and intellectual abilities are developed normally.
Programmed instruction enables the teacher to diagnose the problems of the individual
learner
CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROTEACHING
ANSWER BRIEFLY
Four advantages of micro teaching
Micro teaching helps the student teachers to perfect their performance and improve it to a
superior level
Teaching skills are learnt in a real practice situation, not under simulated conditions
Microteaching focuses on sharpening and developing of specific teaching skills
Microteaching provides increased control of the practice teaching session
Seminar
Symposium
Lecture
Role play
Four maxims of teaching
Principles of motivation
Principles of activity
Principle of individual difference
Principle of creativity
ROLE PLAY
Role play is a form of drama in which learners spontaneously act out roles in an interaction involving
problems or challenges in human relations for subsequent discussion by the whole class
It is a clinical teaching method which mainly focuses on problem oriented nursing care.Based on the
number of participants,the conference may be of two types.Individual and group
Group conference can be defined as a meeting of professional persons for the purpose of
interchange of ideas
NURSING ROUNDS
Nursing rounds is a modified compact version of the bedside clinic. Nursing rounds is intended to
discuss briefly the nursing management of all patients in the ward by sparing few minutes for each
patient.The ideal duration of nursing rounds in a ward is 45 minutes and this time is sufficient to
know about 20-25 patients.For successful nursing rounds, students have to know all patients in the
ward
Highly student centered because of its very interesting and motivating nature
Facilitates peer learning
Excellent opportunity to learn from mistakes
Simulation fosters critical thinking and problem solving skills
TECHINIQUE OF QUESTIONING
Structuring
Pitching and putting clearly
Directing and distributing
Prompting and probing
Pausing and pacing
Listening and responding
Sequencing
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN
SEMINAR LECTURE
Seminar is an instructional Lecture is a teaching activity
techinique where the teacher whereby the teacher presents
takes less of a leadership role as a the content in a
students meet under the comprehensible manner by
teachers direction to discuss explaining the facts, principles
topics that are generally related and relationships
to a particular subject Enhances the listening capacity
Comparatively less preparation of students
from the side of participants Lecture can be conducted with
Seminar presented by experts a teacher student ratio 1:200
under the guidance of an
eminent resource person for the
benefit of group members
SEMINAR SYMPOSIUM
Topics are related to recent Topics are related to
trends and development in controversial issues in nursing
nursing Single aspect of the topic is
Multiple aspects of the topic discussed
under consideration is discussed Chairperson has to exert more
Chairperson has to exert less control
control