IELTS ACADEMIC Writing

Tutor: Rajnesh Thapa – 9823555180

1. Analyzing charts:
2. Language of approximation:
About a little more than
Almost a little less than
Approximately more or less
Around Nearly
just about practically the same
just below Roughly
just over roughly the same
just under well above

3. Language for similarities and differences:

Exactly the same Almost the Same Not the same
absolutely the same as about the same as almost identical The reverse is the case...
equal to to
exactly the same as almost the same as nearly the same It is quite the opposite/ reverse...
identical to as

just the same as precisely the practically the same as

same

4. Language to describe low and high points on a graph

Low point High point

hit rock bottom culminated at

the bottommost point touched the highest point
the lowest point hit the peak
touch the lowest point / reached reached the vertex
reached the peak reached the apex
5. Languages for changes in graph

Increase Decrease No change

Doubled / tripled Collapse / a collapse dive leveled out
jump / rise drop plateaued / plateau remained constant
leap plummet remained stable/a stability
upward / increase plunge remain static
rocket(ed) / skyrocket decline remained steady / steadiness remained
soar / surge in fall / a fall the same was unchanged
upsurge downward trend Neutral
Climb / a climb dip
an upward trend slump Ups and Downs changes
improve / an improvement a downward trend Intermittently change sporadically
an upward trend a downward tendency erratically -erratic fluctuate
an upward tendency a descending trend irregularly - irregular rise and fall

6. Words and Phrases to show time

1. Between ... (year/ month) ... and ... (year/ month) ...
2. From ... (year/ month/ day/date) ...to ... (year/month/day /date) …
3. In... (Year/ month).
4. On ... (day/ day of the week/ a date)
5. At ......, In ......, By......
6. During ... (year)...
7. Over the period/ over the century/ later half of the year/ the year...
8. Over the next/past/previous days/weeks/months/years/ decades …
 7. Language for presenting percentages
You can present a percentage data in one of the three different ways. It is suggested that you use all these
formats in your report writing instead of repeating the same style to show percentages in your writing.
% = In percentage % = In proportion % = In fraction
20% of One out of five, One out of ten One fifth of, One tenth of
ten percent of One out of two One half of
50% fifty percent of
 TASK 1 REPORT WRITING

1. Tips:
1. Analyze the question and find suitable complex words.
2. Use the format and add linking words for joining sentences.
3. Apply distinctive vocabulary words and synonyms.
4. Use commas whenever it’s necessary.
5. Avoid using pronouns. For example I, themselves, him selves, they, etc.
6. Avoid using abbreviations. Write government not govt., write identity card not ID.

2. Format: 150 Word in 20 min

Introduction – Paraphrasing + General Introduction
Overview – Total general trends. Avoid date, percentage and no's
Paragraph 1 – Features of P1. Example increase trend.
Paragraph 2 – Features of P2. Example decrease trend.

3. Four criteria for IELTS writing:

4. Question in Task 1
● Line graph, Bar chart, Process Diagram, Map, Pie chart, Table, and Combine.

5. Language to describe introduction:

Introductory word Visual Using singular and plural
The bar chart/bar chart indicate/indicates
The provided line graph depict/depicts
The presented map/maps show/shows
table/tables present/presents
flow gives information about
diagrams compare / describes
bar chart and pie chart illustrates / enumerate
data outlines / delineates
process chart demonstrate/demonstrates

6. Language for overview:

Overall, As a general trend,
At glance, In general,
As presented, It is obvious that,

7. Give the Detail

● When you give the details in your body paragraphs 1 & 2 in your IELTS writing task 1, you must make
reference to the data.
● The key to organizing your body paragraphs for an IELTS writing task 1 is to group data together where there
are patterns.
● Look at the graph – Identify similarities and differences.
  Line graph
Question: - You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about energy consumption in the USA since 1980, with
projections until 2030.
Write at least 150 words.

Answer:-
The line graph shows energy consumption by fuel type in the United States from 1980 to 2008, with projections
for 2030.

Fossil fuels have been the dominant type and will continue this trend. Nuclear and renewable energy sources have
represented a tiny proportion of total energy use and continue to project further.

Petrol and oil commanded the most significant share with 35 quadrillion units in 1980, increasing to
approximately 40q units in 2008, and will continue to soar to nearly 50q units in 2030. In 1980, natural gas and
coal consumed second and third with around 20q and 15q, respectively. However, coal overtook natural gas in
1990 and will consume over 30q units in 2030. Similarly, natural gas is predicted to level off by about 25q units
by 2030.

Nuclear and renewable energy represented around 4q in 1980. Nuclear power and solar/wind energy are predicted
to reach over 6q units and 5q units in 2030, whereas hydropower will remain constant at 2q units until 203 0.
  Bar chart
Question: - You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The bar chart shows the divorce rates in two European countries from 2011 to 2015.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words

Answer:-
The bar chart represents the percentage of divorce rates in Finland and Sweden from 2011 to 2015.

Overall, Sweden's divorce rate experienced a downward trend, while Finland's divorce rate showed an upward
trend. Both countries have fluctuations in trend throughout the year. In the beginning, Finland had lower divorce
rates, but it overtook Sweden's divorce rates at the end of the period.

Sweden's divorce rate was about 45% in 2011, higher than the percentage of Finland's. After that, the divorce rate
gradually increased by nearly 50% in 2012. However, the divorce rate in Finland declined by about 47% in 2013
and continued to decrease by around 35% in 2015.

The percentage of Finland's divorce rate was about 36% in 2011 and decreased to 33% in 2012. In 2013, the
divorce rate figure represented an upward trend, reaching nearly 40%. Subsequently, Finland's divorce rate in the
next two years remained stable at 41%, outracing Sweden's rate.
 Map chart

Language for process diagram:

● Use Passive voice to write sentences
● The government demolished the industrial estate and developed a sports ground.
● They removed the shops and replaced it with a skyscraper.
● The forest was cut-down and replaced with a shopping center.
● Over the period, the area witnessed dramatic changes.
● Over the past 20 years, the residential area was totally reconstructed.
● The airport in the center of the city was relocated to the north-east of the river.
● The green fields to the north-west of the city were redeveloped as a park.
Answer:-
The maps represent/compare information about a small town called Islip, from its current layout to future
development plans.

In general/Overall, the town center will undergo significant changes with new commercial facilities, housing
projects, and ring road transportation.

Islip town currently comprises a main road from west to east. On the main road, both shops are located in
opposite directions. To the south, there are two housing estates. A park is situated in the east, and a school is
in the southwest direction.

In the future, Islip town will look radically different. The main road will be converted into the ring road, and
the center main road will be constructed as a pedestrian walking area for the public. The major redevelopment
will take place inside the ring road with a new bus station, shopping centers, car parking facilities, and new
housing estates by replacing the former shop at north of the main road. The shop in the central point will
remain unchanged. The size of the park will decrease due to the dual carriageway. A new housing estates will
be introduced to the left side of the park. Subsequently, the former school and housing estate outside the ring
road will remain unchanged/at the same position.

 Process Chart

Language for process diagram:

● Use Passive voice to write sentences
● Linear – Cycle/lifespan
● Process – stages, steps, procedure, method, sequence, phases
● In factory – Packaging, machinery, Tanks, equipment, pipe, industry, and conveyor belt, drums, container,
crushing – mixing, etc.
● In science – Compound, element, particle, ingredients,
● Result – output/resultant substances
● Linking word – Followed by, order, addition and time.

Answer:-
The diagrams represent information about the phases and equipment used for making cement and how it is
utilized to make concrete for building purposes.

As presented/Overall, the figure shows two different processes. The cement-making process consists of five
linear stages, while concrete production is a simpler/straightforward process with the mixing of only four
ingredients.

In the first stage, cement production involves mixing limestone and clay into the crusher machine and then
converting them into powder particles. In the second stage, the output is sent to the mixer container, followed
by the rotating heater through the pipeline. Subsequently, heat is delivered from the bottom, and the resultant
product travels over the conveyor belt. At last, it is grounded by the grinder and packaged into bags for
concrete production.

Concrete production amounts with mixing half a gravel and 10% water along with a quarter of sand and 15%
cement into the container. All mixture is rotated into the concrete mixer until it is yielded.
 Table and Pie chart (Combine Chart)

The table and pie charts provide information about the police budget for 2017-18 in Britain. The table
illustrates the sources of funds, and the charts display the application of funds.
Overall, the total budget increased at the end of the year, with the national government being the most
significant contributor of all sources. In terms of expenditure, salaries remained the primary form.
2017, the total budget was 304.7 million, which increased significantly to 318.6 million in 2018. Most of the
fund was sourced from the national government, with an increase from 175.5 million to 177.8 million, while
the contribution from local taxes shows an immense growth of 11.1 million in the next year. Other sources,
such as grants, contributed the least of all funding, with 38 million in 2017 and 38.5 million in 2018.
Expenditure from the building and transport sector remained unchanged in both years while spending on
salaries decreased from 75% to 69% respectively. Also, the disbursement of technology funds almost doubled
to 7% in the next year.

Answer:
The table and pie charts provide information about the police budget for 2017-18 in Britain. The table
illustrates the sources of funds, and the charts display the application of funds.

Overall, the total police budget increased at the end of the year, with the national government being the most
significant contributor of all sources. In terms of expenditure, salaries remained the primary form.
2017, the total budget was 304.7 million, which increased significantly to 318.6 million in 2018. Most of the
fund was sourced from the national government, with an increase from 175.5 million to 177.8 million, while
the contribution from local taxes shows an immense growth of 11.1 million in the next year. Other sources,
such as grants, contributed the least of all funding, with 38 million in 2017 and 38.5 million in 2018.

Expenditure from the building and transport sector remained unchanged in both years while spending on
salaries decreased from 75% to 69% respectively. Also, the disbursement of technology funds almost doubled
to 7% in the next year.

More question for practice

 Pie chart

Answer:
The pie charts represent information about the contribution to Turkey's economy through various industries
in percentages between 2000 and 2016.
At the beginning of the period, the agricultural sector contributed the highest percentage, while the
construction sector contributed the least to Turkey's economy. In contrast, the healthcare and education sectors
accounted for the most significant contributors, while finance, business, and others accounted for the most
minor contributions at the end of the period.
Write increasing contribution
In 2000, the construction sector contributed 3% to Turkey's economy and experienced a threefold increase in
contribution in 2016. Economy contribution from manufacturing and trade, utilities, and transport sector was
8% and 14% in 2000 and slightly grew 4% and 2% in 2016. In addition, the financial business sector ratio
also increased from 5% to 8% after 16 years.
Write decreasing & constant contribution
The healthcare and education sectors remained constant in both years at 17%. In 2000, agricultural
contribution amounted to nearly a quarter of the percentage but decreased to 14% in 2016. Subsequently, the
contribution ratio of the government and leisure and hospitality sectors dropped by 3%, respectively.

 Process Chart
Answer:
The diagram represents information about how geothermal energy is utilized to produce electricity from the
water.

Overall, producing electricity consists of five stages/steps from surface level to ground level. First, the cold
water is pumped down to the geothermal zone. Initially, steam is pumped up from the production well
followed by a generator and turbine machine to produce electricity.

In the first stage, cold water stored in the tank is pumped down 4.5 km underground through the injection
well. Then it is moved to the geothermal zone, where hot rocks heat the water and pass through the production
well. After that, the gaseous output is pumped up to the condenser filter.

At the surface level, steam is produced from the hot water in the condenser. Then, the resultant steam travels
to the turbine machine by making it spin. At last, electricity is produced by the generator machine powered
by the turbine, and supplied to the electricity grid by the wireline.

 Table
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. Write at least 150 words
The Table below shows the results of a survey that asked 6800 Scottish adults (aged 16 years and over)
whether they had taken part in different cultural activities in the past 12 months.
Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.
Answer:
The table illustrates the research results undertaken in Scotland with adults aged 16-74 to assess their
involvement in various cultural activities over 12 months.

Overall, it is evident that participation in any performance and crafts were the most popular for all age
groups.

The highest participation in any activities was seen in the 16-24 age group, with performance and visual
arts at 35% and 30%, respectively. In contrast, other activities were much lower, mainly computer based
at 10%. Another age groups, the highest participation rate is seen for 25-44 year olds in performance,
though this was much lower at only 22%. A similar rate of 22% was evident for the most popular activity
for the 45-74 age group, which was crafts.

Of all the age groups together, performance and crafts were the most popular at over 19%. In contrast,
cultural purchases and visual arts were slightly less popular at 16% and 15%, respectively. Subsequently,
little interest was shown in writing and computing at 7% and 6%.

 Bar chart
The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five different cities between
1990 and 2002 compared with the average house prices in 1989.
Percentage change in average house prices in five different cities
1990 - 2002 compared with 1989.
Practice more questions on Task 1 from provided Cambridge IELTS Book

THE END
Rajnesh Thapa
IELTS Instructor
+977-9823555180
Email: rajneshthapa17@gmail.com