# GS - 2

# The Hindu “Maoism and Democracy”

Context The recent
assembly elections in
Chhattisgarh
focuses on the
influence of
tribal votes ,
the impact
of
Maoist
insurgency and the

need
for addressing tribal

issues to counter the Maoist

challenge .

Maoism / Naxalism in India

90 districts are
affected
,

majority in
Chhattisgarh .

reduced
Violence has
by
77 % since 2010 .

Key actors > (PI (Maoist)

> People's Liberation Guerilla

Army (PLGA) .
 Influence in Chhattisgarh
Tribals hold 34 % of vote share ,
but voter turnout
in tribal U %, due to the
areas was
only around

boycott calls
by Maoists
.

Maoist in tribal known

runs
government areas

jantana sarkar "

.
as

Reasons for the spread of Maoism

Poverty and lack

of
T 7
Caste discrimination

development . and
Marginalization .

Exploitation of Weak Governance and

T >
Natural Resources
.
Corruption .

Historical injustices Over reliance on

heavy-
and land
displacement I handed
security
.
issues
.

High levels of Youth unemployment

Challenges posed by Naxalism
Government Initiatives

Way Forward
 Previous year questions
Prelims
Q1. Under which Schedule of the Constitution of India can the transfer of
tribal land to private parties for mining be declared null and void? (2019)
(a) Third Schedule
(b) Fifth Schedule
(c) Ninth Schedule
(d) Twelfth Schedule

Q2. The Government enacted the Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas

(PESA) Act in 1996. Which one of the following is not identified as its
objective? (2013)
(a) To provide self-governance
(b) To recognize traditional rights
(c) To create autonomous regions in tribal areas
(d) To free tribal people from exploitation

Q3. The provisions in Fifth Schedule and Sixth Schedule in the Constitution
of India are made in order to (2015)
(a) protect the interests of Scheduled Tribes
(b) determine the boundaries between States
(c) determine the powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
(d) protect the interests of all the border States

Mains
Q. Article 244 of the Indian Constitution relates to the administration of
scheduled areas and tribal areas. Analyse the impact of non-
implementation of the provisions of the Fifth schedule on the growth of Left
wing extremism. (2013)