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Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
Chapter 06
Volcanoes and Related Hazards
1. The nature of volcanic eruptions is closely related to plate tectonics and magma type.
Which of the following best describes basaltic magma?
A. relatively SiO2 poor and hot
B. relatively SiO2 poor and cool
C. relatively SiO2 rich and hot
D. relatively SiO2 rich and cool
6-1
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Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
2. Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to a flow. Which of the following factors
affect the viscosity of magmas?
A. temperature and SiO2 content
B. density and temperature
C. elevation and density
D. density and water content
E. water and SiO2 content
3. Which of the following factors determine whether a volcanic eruption will be explosive or
non-explosive?
A. magma viscosity and gas content
B. depth of magma and elevation
C. magma viscosity and elevation
D. depth of magma and rock fractures
E. gas content and rock fractures
6-2
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
4. Which of the following tectonic settings is the most likely to generate an explosive volcanic
eruption?
A. subduction zone
B. mid-ocean ridge
C. oceanic hot-spot
D. rift valley
E. fold mountain belt
5. Which of the following would most likely result in a lava flow that is hazardous to
humans?
A. low viscosity basaltic magma
B. high viscosity rhyolitic magma
C. high viscosity andesitic magma
D. low viscosity andesitic magma
E. high viscosity basaltic magma
6-3
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
6. There are two basic types of volcanoes, shield and composite cone. Which of the following
best describes composite cone volcanoes?
A. relatively small, erupt andesitic magma, and are highly explosive
B. relatively small, erupt basaltic magma, and are highly explosive
C. relatively large, erupt andesitic magma, and are non-explosive
D. relatively large, erupt basaltic magma, and are highly explosive
E. relatively large, erupt basaltic magma, and are non-explosive
7. Which of the following best explains why some volcanoes erupt so violently?
A. rapid decompression of dissolved gases
B. rapid temperature drop as magma reaches the surface environment
C. cooling effect of seawater beneath island arc volcanoes
D. combustion as nitrogen gas compounds react with atmospheric oxygen
E. all of the answers listed here
6-4
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
9. Water vapor is often the most abundant dissolved gas within magma. What best describes
the source of water in gas-rich magmas?
A. water-rich sediment in subduction zones
B. seepage of seawater into oceanic crustal rocks
C. heavy rainfall in tropical areas
D. shallow groundwater circulating through continental crustal rocks
E. all of the answers listed here
6-5
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
10. What best describes the relatively small volcanoes that form when fragments of erupted
lava cool and accumulate around a vent?
A. cinder cone
B. shield volcano
C. composite cone
D. lava dome
E. fissure dome
11. Which of the following terms is used to describe a large circular depression that forms
after an eruption when a magma chamber becomes empty and collapses in on itself?
A. caldera
B. crater
C. lava pit
D. tuff-cone
E. sinkhole
6-6
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
13. Which of the following hazards is LEAST likely to be associated with explosive volcanic
eruptions?
A. lava flows
B. pyroclastic flows
C. tsunamis
D. ash fall
E. mudflows
6-7
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
14. Which of the following is NOT a common a problem associated with volcanic ash-fall?
A. forest fires
B. destruction of crops
C. building collapse
D. disruption of air travel
E. filling of stream channels
15. What best explains why volcanic mudflows are so dangerous to humans?
A. they move down stream valleys where people tend to live
B. the high temperature of the mud
C. they trigger other types of landslides
D. all of the answers listed here
E. they are more fluid and move more rapidly than a normal flood
6-8
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
16. Which of the following volcanoes in the U.S. is most notably for having a history of
massive mudflows, which today threatens large numbers of people?
A. Mt. Rainier, Washington
B. Mt. St. Helens, Washington
C. Mt. Shasta, California
D. Mt. Spur, Alaska
E. Mauna Loa, Hawaii
17. Which of the following is NOT a tool that scientists use to predict volcanic eruptions?
A. deep drilling and magma sampling
B. volcanic gas sampling
C. monitoring topographic changes
D. seismic monitoring
E. monitoring geophysical and groundwater changes
6-9
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
18. Volcanic tsunamis can form around volcanic islands during large explosive events or
massive landslides.
TRUE
Large tsunamis are known to occur around volcanic islands during explosive eruptions and
massive landslides.
19. Volcanic ash forms when rock particles and lava droplets are ejected skyward.
TRUE
Volcanic ash forms when pulverized rock and lava droplets are ejected into the atmosphere.
Ash particles eventually fall back to the Earth, with the smaller particles falling progressively
farther from the volcano.
6-10
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 06 - Volcanoes and Related Hazards
Ever since the eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980, scientists have been refining their ability to
predict volcanic eruptions. Today they are fairly sucessfull at predicting eruptions.
6-11
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