Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 1717820557

MINE GEOTECHNICAL MANAGEMENT
APPROACH AND GUIDELINE

PART 6: Integration with Mine Operations
PART 7: Continuous Improvement and Innovation
PART 8: Closure and Reclamation
June 2024 © By Elvis Kwaku Nyarko

Table of
Content
1. Planning and Design
• Geotechnical Investigations
• Rock Mass Classification
• Slope Stability Analysis
• Support System Design
• Tailings Dam Design
• Water Management Planning
2. Monitoring and Surveillance
• Instrumentation
• Remote Sensing
• Real-time Data Acquisition
• Visual Inspections
3. Analysis and Assessment
• Data Analysis
• Risk Assessment
• Modelling and Simulation
4. Mitigation and Control Strategies
• Ground Stabilization Techniques
• Slope Modification
• Drainage Control
• Blasting Practices
• Tailings Management
5. Emergency Response and Recovery
• Planning
• Training
• Recovery Operations
6. Integration with Mine Operations
• Collaboration With Mining Engineers
• Compliance
• Sustainability
• Reporting and Documentation
7. Continuous Improvement and Innovation
• Research and Development
• Technology Adoption
• Professional Development
8. Closure and Reclamation
• Stability Assessments
• Environmental Rehabilitation
© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 2

PART 6:
Integration with Mine Operations

Collaboration: Working with Mining Engineers for

Design and Operational Planning
Objective: To integrate geotechnical engineering principles effectively into mining design and
operational planning by collaborating closely with mining engineers, ensuring optimal mine safety,
stability, and efficiency.
Scope: This includes co-developing mine designs, planning extraction sequences, addressing
geotechnical risks, and optimizing operational strategies to mitigate potential geotechnical failures in
both surface and underground mining environments.
Stage 1. Integration and Communication Setup

1. Establish Communication Channels: Set up regular meetings and digital communication
platforms for continuous information exchange.
2. Define Roles and Responsibilities: Clearly outline the roles of geotechnical engineers and
mining engineers in the collaboration process.
• Methodologies/Tools:
1. Project management software (e.g., Microsoft Project, Asana, Primavera)
2. Communication platforms (e.g., Slack, Microsoft Teams).

• Period:
1. Initial setup phase: First month of project planning or annual planning cycle.
2. Ongoing updates and regular meetings scheduled weekly or bi-weekly.
Stage 2. Joint Design and Planning Sessions

1. Co-development of Mine Layouts: Work together to design mine layouts that consider both
geotechnical stability and mining efficiency.
2. Risk Assessment Workshops: Conduct joint sessions to identify and evaluate geotechnical
risks and their potential impact on mining operations.
1. CAD software for mine design (e.g., AutoCAD, Studio OP, Vulcan, Surpac, Deswik, GEM4D).
2. Risk assessment tools (e.g., Monte Carlo simulations, decision tree analysis).
• Period:
1. Design phase: 3-6 months ahead of new projects or expansions.
2. Regular reviews and updates at critical project milestones.
Stage 3. Implementation of Geotechnical Monitoring Systems

1. Selection and Installation of Monitoring Equipment: Decide on and install appropriate
geotechnical monitoring tools that integrate with mining operations.
2. Data Sharing Protocols: Establish protocols for sharing and interpreting monitoring data
between geotechnical and mining engineers.

Collaboration: Working with Mining Engineers for

Design and Operational Planning
1. Geotechnical instrumentation (e.g., piezometers, inclinometers, extensometers, radars, etc.).
2. Data management systems to centralize and share data (e.g., GIS-based systems).
• Period:
1. Equipment selection and installation: First 2-4 months of the project.
2. Continuous data sharing with periodic review meetings every month.
Stage 4. Operational Strategy Development

1. Extraction Sequence Planning: Plan the sequence of excavation or blasting based on
geotechnical input to minimize the risk of destabilizing critical structures.
2. Mitigation Strategy Formulation: Develop strategies for mitigating identified geotechnical
risks, such as slope failures or subsidence.
1. Simulation software to model different extraction scenarios.
2. Decision-making frameworks to evaluate and select mitigation strategies.
• Period:
1. Planning and strategy development: Ongoing throughout the life of the mine, with detailed
sessions quarterly or as needed.
Stage 5. Review and Continuous Improvement

1. Performance Review Meetings: Regularly assess the effectiveness of the collaborative efforts
and the impact on mine safety and productivity.
2. Continuous Learning and Adaptation: Adapt strategies based on lessons learned from
operational outcomes and new geotechnical data.
1. Performance metrics and KPIs to measure collaboration effectiveness.
2. Continuous improvement software to track changes and outcomes.
• Period:
1. Quarterly review meetings.
2. Continuous adaptation integrated into daily operations and major project reviews.
Quality Assurance and Compliance

• Quality Checks: Regular audits and inspections to ensure that all collaborative efforts meet
regulatory standards and industry best practices.
• Documentation and Reporting: Maintain comprehensive records of all design decisions, risk
assessments, and monitoring data for compliance and historical analysis.

Compliance: Ensuring Geotechnical Practices Meet

Regulatory Standards
Objective: To ensure that all geotechnical activities within mining operations adhere to local, national,
and international regulations, thereby minimizing legal risks and enhancing the safety and sustainability
of mining operations.
Scope: This involves the ongoing monitoring of compliance with geotechnical standards, the
implementation of necessary regulatory updates, and the maintenance of documentation to support
adherence to laws and guidelines. This scope encompasses both surface and underground mining
operations.
Stage 1. Regulatory Review and Gap Analysis

1. Identify Applicable Regulations: Compile a comprehensive list of relevant geotechnical
regulations applicable to the specific mining operations.
2. Conduct Gap Analysis: Compare your current geotechnical practices against these
regulations to identify areas of non-compliance or potential improvement.
1. Regulatory databases and subscription services to stay updated on laws.
2. Compliance management software to track adherence and document compliance.
• Period:
1. Initial review during the project planning phase.
2. Regular updates annually or whenever new legislation is enacted.
Stage 2. Implementation of Regulatory Changes

1. Develop Action Plans: Create detailed plans to address the gaps identified in the compliance
review.
2. Implement Changes: Modify geotechnical practices, procedures, and documentation to meet
regulatory requirements.
1. Project management software for tracking implementation of changes.
2. Training programs to educate staff on new compliance requirements.
• Period:
1. Planning and development of changes over 1-3 months.
2. Implementation depending on the complexity of required changes, typically 3-6 months.
Stage 3. Compliance Monitoring and Auditing

1. Regular Compliance Audits: Schedule and conduct audits to ensure ongoing adherence to all
regulatory requirements.
2. Real-Time Monitoring Systems: Implement systems to monitor compliance aspects
continuously, such as waste management systems, slope stability measures, and water
quality.

Compliance: Ensuring Geotechnical Practices Meet

Regulatory Standards
1. Internal audit teams or third-party auditors.
2. Automated monitoring systems integrated with compliance reporting tools.
• Period:
1. Audits conducted annually or biannually.
2. Continuous monitoring with system checks and reports generated quarterly.
Stage 4. Documentation and Reporting

1. Maintain Comprehensive Records: Keep detailed records of all geotechnical activities,
audits, training, and regulatory submissions.
2. Prepare Compliance Reports: Generate reports for internal use and regulatory submissions,
detailing compliance status and any corrective actions taken.
1. Document management systems to securely store and manage compliance documents.
2. Reporting tools to automate the creation of compliance reports.
• Period:
1. Continuous documentation with periodic reviews monthly or quarterly.
2. Annual reporting to regulatory bodies or more frequently as required.
Stage 5. Continuous Improvement and Training

1. Review and Improve Compliance Processes: Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of
compliance procedures and implement improvements.
2. Ongoing Training: Continuously train staff on regulatory requirements, changes, and best
practices to ensure compliance.
1. Feedback mechanisms to gather insights from audits and day-to-day operations.
2. E-learning platforms and in-person training sessions.
• Period:
1. Continuous improvement reviewed annually.
2. Regular training sessions scheduled biannually or as needed upon regulatory changes.
Quality Assurance and Risk Management

• Quality Checks: Implement quality control measures to ensure that compliance procedures are
followed precisely.
• Risk Assessment: Regularly assess potential risks associated with non-compliance and develop
strategies to mitigate these risks effectively.

Sustainability: Incorporating Environmental and

Social Considerations
Objective: To integrate environmental protection and social responsibility into all geotechnical activities
within mining operations, ensuring that mining processes contribute to sustainable development while
minimizing ecological impact and enhancing community relations.
Scope: This involves the implementation of sustainable geotechnical practices that consider
environmental conservation, social impacts, and economic efficiency. It encompasses both surface and
underground mining operations, focusing on long-term environmental health and community well-being.
Stage 1. Sustainability Assessment and Planning

1. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Conduct comprehensive EIAs to identify potential
environmental and social impacts of geotechnical operations.
2. Development of Sustainability Plans: Create detailed plans that outline sustainable
practices, targets, and goals aligned with environmental conservation and social responsibility.
1. EIA software and tools to analyze and predict environmental impacts.
2. Sustainability planning frameworks and guidelines.
• Period:
1. Initial assessment and plan development: 3-6 months at the start of projects or new phases.
2. Regular updates and revisions annually or as project conditions change.
Stage 2. Implementation of Sustainable Practices

1. Adoption of Environmentally Friendly Technologies: Implement technologies and methods
that reduce the environmental footprint, such as using non-toxic materials for slope
stabilization.
2. Water and Waste Management: Enhance water conservation techniques and improve waste
management strategies to reduce environmental contamination.
1. Green technologies in geotechnical construction (e.g., biodegradable materials).
2. Advanced water treatment and recycling systems.
• Period:
1. Ongoing implementation throughout the project lifecycle.
2. Continuous improvement and technology updates as new advancements become available.
Stage 3. Community Engagement and Social Responsibility

1. Community Consultations: Engage with local communities to discuss geotechnical activities
and address any concerns.
2. Community Development Programs: Implement programs that contribute to local
community development, such as education, health, and economic empowerment initiatives.

Sustainability: Incorporating Environmental and

Social Considerations
1. Public consultation platforms and tools.
2. Social impact assessment (SIA) methodologies.
• Period:
1. Regular community meetings every quarter.
2. Ongoing development programs with annual reviews and adjustments.
Stage 4. Monitoring and Reporting of Sustainability Metrics

1. Environmental Monitoring: Continuously monitor environmental parameters to ensure
compliance with sustainability goals.
2. Sustainability Reporting: Generate detailed reports on sustainability performance, including
achievements and areas for improvement.
1. Environmental monitoring instruments (e.g., water quality sensors, air quality monitors).
2. Reporting software that complies with global sustainability reporting standards (e.g., GRI,
SASB).
• Period:
1. Continuous environmental monitoring with monthly data reviews.
2. Annual sustainability reporting.
Stage 5. Continuous Improvement and Compliance

1. Review and Improve Sustainability Initiatives: Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of
implemented practices and make necessary adjustments.
2. Regulatory Compliance and Certifications: Ensure all geotechnical activities meet or exceed
environmental regulations and seek sustainability certifications.
1. Continuous improvement software to track changes and outcomes.
2. Compliance management systems to ensure adherence to environmental laws and standards.
• Period:
1. Ongoing evaluation with semi-annual reviews.
2. Compliance checks and certification renewals annually.

• Quality Checks: Implement quality control measures to ensure that sustainability procedures are
accurately followed and effectively implemented.
• Risk Assessment: Conduct regular risk assessments to foresee potential sustainability risks and
devise strategies to mitigate them effectively.

Reporting and Documentation: Maintaining

Records for Analysis and Compliance
Objective; To systematically collect, organize, and maintain geotechnical data and documentation to
facilitate ongoing analysis, ensure regulatory compliance, and provide a reliable basis for decision-
making and reporting in both surface and underground mining operations.
Scope: This process involves the comprehensive management of all types of geotechnical
documentation including project designs, risk assessments, monitoring data, compliance reports, and
audit documents. It covers the creation, storage, retrieval, and disposal of records in accordance with
legal and operational requirements.
Stage 1. Documentation Strategy Development

1. Define Documentation Standards: Establish what documents need to be collected, in what
format, and the level of detail required.
2. Develop Document Control Procedures: Create standardized procedures for document
creation, review, approval, distribution, and retention.
1. Document management systems (DMS) like Microsoft SharePoint or Documentum.
2. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) for document control.
• Period:
1. Initial setup and standardization: 1-2 months at the start of the project or operational phase.
2. Review and update procedures annually.
Stage 2. Document Creation and Collection

1. Generate Documents: Produce documents during various phases of geotechnical work,
including planning, execution, and monitoring.
2. Collect and Store Documents: Gather all necessary documents from different teams and
store them in a centralized DMS.
1. Templates and forms standardized across the organization.
2. Cloud-based storage solutions for accessibility and security.
• Period:
1. Ongoing throughout the project lifecycle.
2. Regular uploads to the DMS immediately following document creation or receipt.
Stage 3. Document Review and Maintenance

1. Regular Document Reviews: Schedule periodic reviews to ensure documents are current and
accurately reflect the operational and regulatory environment.
2. Document Updates and Version Control: Manage document revisions meticulously to
maintain a trail of changes and ensure only the latest versions are in use.
1. Version control systems integrated within the DMS.
2. Review schedules maintained in project management software.
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• Period:
1. Document reviews quarterly or semi-annually.
2. Updates as needed based on reviews, changes in operations, or regulatory updates.
Stage 4. Compliance Auditing and Reporting

1. Audit Preparation and Execution: Prepare for and conduct audits of geotechnical documents
to assess and demonstrate compliance with legal and corporate standards.
2. Regulatory and Compliance Reporting: Generate compliance reports for internal and
external stakeholders, including regulatory bodies.
1. Audit management software.
2. Compliance reporting tools, potentially integrated with the DMS.
• Period:
1. Audits annually or as required by regulatory commitments.
2. Compliance reporting typically annually, or more frequently if mandated by law or project
conditions.
Stage 5. Record Retention and Disposal

1. Retention Schedule Management: Implement and maintain a document retention schedule
based on legal and operational requirements.
2. Secure Disposal of Documents: Safely dispose of documents that are no longer required,
ensuring confidential information is appropriately destroyed.
1. Document retention policies and schedules.
2. Data destruction tools and services (e.g., shredders, secure digital wiping software).
• Period:
1. Retention schedule reviews and updates annually.
2. Document disposal according to the retention schedule or following project closure.

• Quality Checks: Regular checks to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the documentation process.
• Risk Assessment: Continuous assessment of risks related to documentation errors, losses, or non-
compliance incidents.

11

Typical Reports And Documents That An Open Pit Geotechnical

Team Should Prepare
Daily
1. Daily Inspection Reports
• Purpose: To document the condition of critical areas in the mine, such as highwalls, benches, and
slopes, and to identify any signs of movement, cracking, or other potential hazards.
• Content: Observations from visual inspections, any signs of instability, measurements from
manual checks, and immediate recommendations for action if needed.
2. Monitoring Data Reports

• Purpose: To compile data from various geotechnical monitoring instruments installed around the
mine, such as slope stability radars, piezometers, and inclinometers.
• Content: Data on movements, pressures, and other relevant geotechnical parameters collected
over the past 24 hours, including any alarms or thresholds that have been exceeded.
3. Water Management Reports

• Purpose: To manage water levels within the mine, which can significantly impact slope stability.
• Content: Levels and flow rates of water in sumps and drainage channels, effectiveness of pumping
systems, and any issues with water accumulation or diversion structures.
4. Safety Incident Logs

• Purpose: To record any safety incidents related to geotechnical issues, such as small rockfalls or
slides, and the responses taken to mitigate them.
• Content: Description of the incident, immediate actions taken, results of preliminary
investigations, and follow-up actions required.
5. Equipment Status Reports

• Purpose: To ensure that all geotechnical monitoring and maintenance equipment is functioning
correctly and effectively.
• Content: Status updates on the functioning of geotechnical instruments and tools, maintenance
actions taken, and any equipment failures or malfunctions.
6. Shift Handover Reports

• Purpose: To communicate critical information about geotechnical conditions and any ongoing
concerns between outgoing and incoming shifts.
• Content: Summary of geotechnical observations during the shift, unresolved issues, and specific
instructions or warnings for the next shift.

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Typical Reports And Documents that an Open Pit Geotechnical

Team should Prepare
Weekly
1. Weekly Geotechnical Inspection Summary
• Purpose: To compile findings from daily inspections over the week, providing a summarized view of
the overall stability and identifying any emerging geotechnical issues.
• Content: Consolidated observations of slope conditions, wall stability, and any signs of movement
or cracking, along with recommended actions or monitoring increases.
2. Weekly Monitoring Data Analysis

• Purpose: To analyze data collected from geotechnical monitoring instruments throughout the
week, assessing trends and potential risks.
• Content: Aggregated data from instruments such as slope stability radars, piezometers, and
inclinometers, highlighting any critical changes or exceedances of safety thresholds.
3. Water Management Weekly Review

• Purpose: To review the effectiveness of water management strategies, important in managing
slope stability and overall mine safety.
• Content: Summary of water levels, drainage efficiency, effectiveness of pumping systems, and
issues like water accumulation that may require intervention.
4. Weekly Safety Review

• Purpose: To evaluate and document all safety-related incidents and near-misses connected to
geotechnical factors over the past week.
• Content: Details of each incident, actions taken, outcomes, and preventive measures planned to
avoid future occurrences.
5. Equipment and Maintenance Report

• Purpose: To ensure that all geotechnical equipment is maintained properly and functioning as
expected.
• Content: Status of maintenance activities, equipment check results, upcoming maintenance
schedules, and any urgent equipment needs or malfunctions.
6. Weekly Stakeholder Engagement Report

• Purpose: To document communications and engagements with stakeholders regarding
geotechnical issues.
• Content: Summary of meetings, issues raised, stakeholder feedback, and actions taken or
planned in response to stakeholder concerns.

13


Team should Prepare
7. Project Progress Update
• Purpose: To provide updates on specific geotechnical projects such as slope reinforcement, new
monitoring installations, or remediation efforts.
• Content: Progress against project milestones, any delays or challenges faced, resources utilized,
and adjustments to project plans.
8. Hazard Map Update

• Purpose: To provide a visual representation and update of all identified geotechnical hazards
within the open-pit mine, facilitating awareness and strategic planning for risk mitigation.
• Content: Updated hazard maps highlighting areas of concern such as potential slide zones, areas
of water accumulation, and unstable pit walls. Each hazard area should be clearly marked with its
current status, changes from the previous week, and any planned mitigation measures.
9. Batter Checks Report

• Purpose: To assess and document the condition of batters (sloped walls or faces of the mine) to
ensure their stability and integrity, which is critical for preventing slides and maintaining overall pit
safety.
• Content: Detailed observations from physical inspections of batters, including measurements of
angles, signs of sloughing or weathering, and any deviations from planned geometries. The report
should also include photographic evidence, stability assessments, and any immediate corrective
actions recommended.
• Period/Frequency: Conducted weekly, with the findings compiled into a comprehensive report to
track changes over time and inform necessary adjustments to mining operations and slope
management strategies.
Monthly (Monthly Report)

1. Monthly Geotechnical Summary Report
• Purpose: To consolidate observations and data collected daily and weekly, providing a
comprehensive overview of the geotechnical health of the mine.
• Content: Summaries of inspection reports, monitoring data analysis, significant geotechnical
events, and status updates on ongoing mitigation measures. It should also include trend analysis
and predictive assessments for future geotechnical management.
• Period/Frequency: Compiled at the end of each month, utilized in management meetings to
discuss trends and make informed decisions.

14


Team should Prepare
2. Monthly Environmental and Water Management Report
• Purpose: To review and document the effectiveness of environmental controls and water
management strategies, crucial for managing slope stability and compliance with environmental
regulations.
• Content: Comprehensive data on water levels, drainage efficiency, and environmental monitoring
results, including any environmental incidents and responses.
• Period/Frequency: Prepared monthly, often required for regulatory compliance and internal
environmental management reviews.
3. Monthly Equipment and Instrumentation Performance Report

• Purpose: To ensure all geotechnical monitoring equipment is operational, effective, and well-
maintained.
• Content: Detailed reports on equipment status, maintenance activities, downtime incidents, and
plans for any upcoming maintenance or calibration.
• Period/Frequency: Issued monthly to align with maintenance schedules and budget planning.
4. Monthly Safety and Compliance Report

• Purpose: To track and ensure ongoing compliance with safety standards and regulations,
documenting any safety incidents related to geotechnical issues.
• Content: Summary of all safety incidents, near-misses, safety meetings, and audits, including
details of corrective actions and safety recommendations.
• Period/Frequency: Compiled monthly, critical for regulatory reporting and internal safety reviews.
5. Monthly Hazard Map Update

• Purpose: To visually document and update the status of geotechnical hazards within the mine,
enhancing awareness and facilitating risk management.
• Content: Updated hazard maps showing current geotechnical risk areas, newly identified hazards,
and status of previously noted issues, including mitigation efforts.
• Period/Frequency: Updated monthly to reflect the latest site conditions and interventions, used in
planning and risk assessment meetings.
6. Monthly Stakeholder Engagement Report

• Purpose: To document interactions with key stakeholders concerning geotechnical management,
ensuring transparency and responsiveness to stakeholder concerns.
• Content: Summaries of stakeholder meetings, concerns raised, actions taken, and feedback
received, as well as plans for future engagement activities.
• Period/Frequency: Compiled monthly to maintain ongoing dialogue and fulfill regulatory or
corporate governance requirements.

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Team should Prepare
Annually/Biennially (GCMP)
1. Annual Geotechnical Performance Review
• Purpose: To provide a comprehensive overview of the geotechnical health of the mine over the
year, assess the effectiveness of implemented measures, and set objectives for the upcoming
year.
• Content: Summaries of monitoring data, analysis of slope stability, incidents and near-misses
related to geotechnical issues, effectiveness of mitigation measures, and any geotechnical
improvements or technology upgrades.
• Period/Frequency: Prepared annually, typically at the end of the fiscal year.
2. Annual Environmental Compliance and Water Management Report

• Purpose: To evaluate the environmental performance of the mine, focusing on aspects influenced
by geotechnical operations such as water management and erosion control.
• Content: Compliance with environmental regulations, performance of water management
systems, impact assessments, and remediation efforts undertaken throughout the year.
• Period/Frequency: Compiled annually, essential for regulatory reporting and internal audits.
3. Annual Safety Report

• Purpose: To document safety practices, incidents, and compliance within geotechnical
operations, ensuring adherence to safety standards.
• Content: Detailed review of all safety incidents related to geotechnical operations, corrective
actions taken, safety audits, and training programs implemented over the year.
• Period/Frequency: Issued annually to align with corporate safety reviews and regulatory
requirements.
4. Annual Hazard Management Update

• Purpose: To update and revise the hazard mapping of the mine, reflecting changes in geotechnical
risks throughout the year.
• Content: A revised map showing all identified hazards, areas of concern, and progress on
mitigating known risks, including any new areas of instability.
• Period/Frequency: Updated annually or biennially, depending on mining activities and changes in
geotechnical conditions.
5. Annual Infrastructure and Equipment Maintenance Review

• Purpose: To report on the status and upkeep of geotechnical equipment and infrastructure critical
to mine operations.

16


Team should Prepare
• Content: Summary of equipment health, maintenance activities, downtime due to failures,
upcoming maintenance plans, and budgeting for replacements or upgrades.
• Period/Frequency: Compiled annually to inform budgeting and operational planning for the next
fiscal year.
6. Biennial Risk Management Report

• Purpose: To provide a deeper and longer-term analysis of geotechnical risks and the effectiveness
of ongoing risk management strategies.
• Content: Comprehensive review of risk assessments, mitigation strategies, long-term trends in
risk factors, and adjustments in risk management protocols.
• Period/Frequency: Every two years, or as major phases of the mine development complete.
7. Annual Training and Development Report

• Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of the training programs related to geotechnical operations
and plan for future training needs.
• Content: Overview of training sessions held, participation rates, effectiveness assessments,
future training needs based on emerging technologies or methodologies.
• Period/Frequency: Prepared annually to help plan and budget for training in the upcoming year.
8. Annual Review of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)- [Applies to UG as well]

• Purpose: To ensure that all Standard Operating Procedures relevant to geotechnical operations
remain current and effective, aligning with best practices, technological advancements, and
regulatory changes.
• Content: Review of existing SOPs, identification of areas needing updates, incorporation of new
safety standards, and integration of new technology or methods into existing practices. The report
should also assess the adherence to these SOPs throughout the year and their effectiveness in
maintaining safety and operational efficiency.
• Period/Frequency: Conducted annually, with the report serving as a basis for revisions and
training in the upcoming year.

17

Typical Reports And Documents that an Underground

Geotechnical Team should Prepare
Daily
1. Daily Brows/Headings Inspection Reports
• Purpose: To record the outcomes of daily inspections of the underground workings, focusing on
areas such as tunnel integrity, rock face conditions, and any visible changes or new hazards.
• Content: Details on the condition of roof supports, walls, and floors, observations of any cracks,
water ingress, loose materials, or other hazardous conditions.
2. Ground Control Monitoring Reports

• Purpose: To document the data collected from various ground control monitoring systems, which
might include convergence meters, seismographs, extensometers, and other deformation
monitoring instruments.
• Content: Readings from instruments that measure changes in rock mass movement or stress,
analysis of data trends, and any necessary actions to mitigate risks.
3. Environmental Monitoring Reports

• Purpose: To keep track of environmental conditions within the mine that can affect both safety and
operations, such as air quality, temperature, and humidity.
• Content: Data on ventilation flow rates, gas levels (e.g., methane, carbon monoxide), dust levels,
and other relevant environmental metrics.
4. Water Management Reports

• Purpose: To oversee the management of water in the mine, preventing water accumulation that
can lead to flooding or compromise structural integrity.
• Content: Measurements of water levels in sumps, rates of water pump operation, condition and
effectiveness of drainage systems, and any occurrences of water ingress.
5. Equipment Status Reports

• Purpose: To ensure that all geotechnical monitoring and maintenance equipment is operational
and effectively contributing to mine safety.
• Content: Status updates on the functioning of geotechnical instruments and tools, maintenance
actions taken, and any equipment failures or replacements.
6. Safety Incident Logs

• Purpose: To record any safety incidents or near-misses that occur within the mine, as part of
compliance with safety protocols and for future prevention strategies.
• Content: Details of the incident, affected individuals, immediate responses, outcomes, and
follow-up actions required.

18


7. Shift Change Reports
• Purpose: To communicate critical information about geotechnical conditions and ongoing
concerns between outgoing and incoming shifts.
• Content: Summary of geotechnical observations during the shift, unresolved issues, and specific
instructions or warnings for the next shift.
8. Activity Logs
• Purpose: To document the daily activities of the geotechnical team, including specific tasks
performed, locations worked, and duration of activities.
• Content: Details of inspections, monitoring, data analysis, meetings, and any other geotechnical-
related activities conducted during the shift.
Weekly
1. Weekly Geotechnical Review
• Purpose: To consolidate findings from daily inspections and monitoring activities into a
comprehensive overview, highlighting any emerging issues or trends.
• Content: Summaries of daily inspection reports, significant observations, any detected pattern or
trend in rock behavior, and preliminary recommendations for further investigation or action.
• Period/Frequency: Compiled at the end of each week; discussed in weekly review meetings.
2. Weekly Environmental Monitoring Summary

• Purpose: To review environmental monitoring data collected daily and assess compliance with
environmental standards, focusing on potential impacts from geotechnical activities.
• Content: Aggregated data on air quality, water quality, dust levels, and any exceedances of
environmental thresholds. Includes an analysis of the causes and recommendations for
mitigation.
• Period/Frequency: Summary prepared weekly; updates provided in weekly environmental
meetings.
3. Equipment and Instrumentation Performance Report

• Purpose: To ensure all geotechnical monitoring equipment is functioning correctly and effectively,
preventing any lapses in data collection that could affect mine safety.
• Content: Overview of equipment status, any failures or downtime, maintenance carried out during
the week, and plans for upcoming maintenance or replacements.
• Period/Frequency: Issued weekly, with critical issues reported immediately as per daily checks.

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4. Risk Management Update (Hazard Map)
• Purpose: To update on the implementation of risk mitigation measures based on the risk
assessments conducted and to track the effectiveness of these measures.
• Content: Status of implemented measures, any new risks identified, updates to risk assessments,
and effectiveness of mitigation strategies in reducing risk levels.
• Period/Frequency: Compiled weekly; includes inputs from various daily reports and risk
assessments.
5. Project Progress Report

• Purpose: To communicate the progress of ongoing geotechnical projects, such as stabilization
works, infrastructure development, or any special investigations.
• Content: Progress against milestones, issues encountered, resources used versus planned,
upcoming activities, and any adjustments to project timelines or strategies.
• Period/Frequency: Prepared weekly to align with project management cycles and reporting to
senior management.
6. Training and Safety Brief

• Purpose: To summarize the training sessions conducted, safety drills performed, and any safety
incidents that occurred, reinforcing the importance of safety in geotechnical operations.
• Content: Details of training topics covered, attendance, outcomes of safety drills, description of
any safety incidents, and corrective actions taken.
• Period/Frequency: Compiled at the end of each week to review in safety meetings and plan future
sessions.
7. Stakeholder Engagement Log

• Purpose: To record interactions with key stakeholders such as local community leaders, regulatory
bodies, and other departments within the mining operation.
• Content: Summary of meetings, concerns raised, commitments made, and follow-up actions
planned.
• Period/Frequency: Updated weekly to maintain transparency and ensure timely follow-up on
engagements.
Monthly
1. Monthly Geotechnical Analysis Report
• Purpose: To provide a comprehensive analysis of the geotechnical conditions within the mine,
highlighting any changes, trends, or potential issues identified over the month.

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• Content: Aggregated data from daily and weekly reports, analysis of monitoring data (e.g., stress,
deformation, water pressure), detailed review of any incidents or near-misses, and an overview of
mitigation measures’ effectiveness.
2. Monthly Compliance Report

• Purpose: To ensure all geotechnical operations remain compliant with local, national, and
international regulations, documenting efforts and adjustments made to meet compliance
standards.
• Content: Status of compliance with regulatory requirements, details of any audits or inspections,
findings, corrective actions taken, and upcoming compliance tasks.
3. Resource Utilization Report

• Purpose: To review the resources (both human and material) utilized in geotechnical operations,
assessing efficiency and planning for future resource needs.
• Content: Details on manpower allocation, equipment usage, consumables used, and an
evaluation of resource efficiency against planned metrics.
4. Infrastructure and Equipment Maintenance Report

• Purpose: To summarize the status and health of critical geotechnical monitoring and maintenance
equipment and infrastructure.
• Content: Overview of maintenance activities performed, status of equipment, downtime due to
failures, upcoming maintenance schedules, and recommendations for replacements or upgrades.
5. Safety and Training Overview

• Purpose: To consolidate information on safety incidents, training sessions conducted, and safety
drills.
• Content: Details of any safety incidents, outcomes of investigations, training sessions held,
participation rates, and assessment of training effectiveness.
6. Project Progress and Status Report

• Purpose: To provide updates on ongoing geotechnical projects, including developments,
challenges, and performance against timelines.
• Content: Project milestones, current status, issues faced, corrective actions taken, and
projections for upcoming periods.

21


Bi-annually, Annually and Biennially (GCMP)

1. Annual Geotechnical Review Report
• Purpose: To summarize the year's geotechnical activities, analyze trends, evaluate the
effectiveness of implemented strategies, and set objectives for the upcoming year.
• Content: Comprehensive analysis of all geotechnical monitoring data, summary of significant
geotechnical events (e.g., failures, near-misses), effectiveness of mitigation measures, updates on
ongoing projects, and strategic recommendations.
• Period/Frequency: Prepared annually, typically at the fiscal year-end or calendar year-end for
annual review meetings.
2. Bi-annual Risk Management Report

• Purpose: To evaluate and document the risk landscape of the mining operations, focusing on
identifying new risks, reassessing existing risks, and updating mitigation strategies.
• Content: Updated risk assessments, changes in risk profiles, new mitigation strategies, and an
effectiveness review of existing risk controls.
• Period/Frequency: Prepared every six months to ensure that risk management strategies are
current and effective, and to align with changing operational or external conditions.
3. Annual Environmental Compliance Report

• Purpose: To document compliance with environmental regulations and the effectiveness of
environmental management systems within the mining operation.
• Content: Details of environmental monitoring programs, compliance with regulatory
requirements, results of environmental audits, remediation activities, and plans for future
environmental initiatives.
• Period/Frequency: Compiled annually, often required by government agencies and useful for
stakeholder communications.
4. Annual Sustainability Report

• Purpose: To communicate the mine’s commitment to sustainable practices, including
environmental stewardship, community engagement, and economic sustainability.
• Content: Sustainability goals, performance metrics, community outreach initiatives,
environmental impact assessments, and future sustainability plans.
• Period/Frequency: Published annually, often aligned with corporate reporting cycles and public or
stakeholder demands.

22


5. Equipment and Infrastructure Review Report
• Purpose: To assess the condition and performance of critical geotechnical equipment and
infrastructure, planning for maintenance, upgrades, or replacements.
• Content: Lifecycle status of equipment, maintenance history, breakdown incidents, upcoming
replacement schedules, and capital expenditure needs for the next period.
• Period/Frequency: Annual review, with bi-annual updates for critical or high-value equipment.
6. Annual Training and Safety Report

• Purpose: To review and document all training and safety-related activities and their outcomes,
ensuring alignment with industry best practices and regulatory requirements.
• Content: Summary of training programs conducted, training outcomes, safety incidents and
responses, safety audits, and corrective actions implemented.
• Period/Frequency: Annually, with the aim of continuously improving safety standards and training
effectiveness.
7. Stakeholder Engagement and Communication Report

• Purpose: To review the effectiveness of stakeholder engagement strategies and communication
efforts over the past year.
• Content: Overview of stakeholder interactions, feedback received, issues addressed, and plans to
improve stakeholder relations.
• Period/Frequency: Compiled annually, essential for maintaining transparency and building trust
with stakeholders.
8. Annual Water Management/Dewatering Plan Report

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of water management or dewatering strategies
implemented within the mine over the year.
Content: Assessment of Water Risks, Water Usage and Recycling, Dewatering Systems
Performance, Compliance and Environmental Impact, Improvements and Future Plans
Period/Frequency: Compiled annually, usually at the end of the fiscal year or as part of
environmental reporting cycles.
9. Annual Project Completion and Closure Report

• Purpose: To document the completion of significant projects or the closure of operations, detailing
the outcomes and lessons learned.

23


• Content: Project objectives, performance against goals, challenges faced, financial closure
details, and recommendations for future projects.
• Period/Frequency: Issued at the completion of major projects or operational phases, with a
comprehensive final report and subsequent bi-annual follow-ups if necessary.
These reports serve not only as a record of past activities but also as a strategic tool for future planning,
ensuring continuous improvement in geotechnical management practices within the mining sector. They
provide a basis for decision-making, help in securing funding, and foster transparency and
accountability in mining operations.

24
PART 7:
Continuous Improvement
and Innovation

Research and Development (R&D): Engaging in or

Applying Findings from Geotechnical Research
Objective: To integrate the latest geotechnical research findings into mining operations to enhance
safety, improve operational efficiency, and foster innovation. This involves staying updated with
advancements in geotechnical engineering, testing new methodologies, and implementing proven
solutions in both surface and underground mining settings.
Scope: The scope encompasses identifying relevant research areas, participating in or conducting
research studies, validating new technologies and methods, and applying these advancements in
practical mining scenarios to address specific geotechnical challenges.
Stage 1. Identification of Research Needs

1. Assess Operational Challenges: Review current geotechnical issues and challenges in
mining operations to identify areas needing research and development.
2. Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of recent geotechnical research to identify
potential solutions and innovations that could be applied.
1. Academic databases for literature review (e.g., Scopus, Web of Science, Onemine).
2. Feedback and data collection from operational teams.
• Period/Frequency: Ongoing, with focused reviews annually or as significant challenges arise.
Stage 2. Collaboration and Partnerships

1. Establish Partnerships with Research Institutions: Form alliances with universities, research
institutes, or industry partners to engage in collaborative research.
2. Participate in Industry Consortia: Join or form consortia that focus on advancing
geotechnical research and sharing knowledge across the industry.
1. Partnership agreements and collaborative research platforms.
2. Participation in industry conferences and workshops to build networks.
• Period/Frequency: Establish new partnerships bi-annually or as opportunities arise.
Stage 3. Research and Development Projects

1. Project Design and Planning: Outline specific R&D projects based on identified needs,
detailing objectives, methodologies, expected outcomes, and resources required.
2. Execution of Research Projects: Conduct experimental trials, field tests, and simulations to
explore and validate new geotechnical methods or technologies.
1. Project management software (e.g., Microsoft Project, Trello) for planning and tracking.
2. Geotechnical modeling and analysis software (e.g., FLAC3D, PLAXIS).
• Period/Frequency: Plan and execute R&D projects over 1-2 years, depending on the complexity and
scope of the research.

26
Research and Development (R&D): Engaging in or

Applying Findings from Geotechnical Research
Stage 4. Validation and Testing
1. Field Testing: Implement new technologies or methods on a small scale in actual mining
environments to evaluate their practicality and effectiveness.
2. Data Analysis and Review: Collect and analyze data from testing to determine the success of
new approaches and their potential for broader implementation.
1. Data collection instruments and software.
2. Statistical analysis tools to evaluate results (e.g., MATLAB, R).
• Period/Frequency: Conduct field testing and analysis phases over 6-12 months post-research
phase.
Stage 5. Implementation and Integration

1. Scale-up and Integration: Based on positive validation results, plan and implement the
scaling up of successful technologies or methods across the mining operation.
2. Training and Documentation: Develop training programs and update SOPs to incorporate new
methodologies and ensure all relevant staff are proficient in their application.
1. Training development tools and e-learning platforms.
2. Documentation and SOP management systems.
• Period/Frequency: Implementation within 1-2 years of successful testing, with ongoing reviews and
updates.
Stage 6. Continuous Improvement and Feedback Loop

1. Performance Monitoring: Continuously monitor the performance of implemented innovations
to assess long-term efficacy and identify areas for further improvement.
2. Feedback Mechanism: Establish a feedback loop from operational teams to R&D to refine and
enhance geotechnical solutions.
1. Performance tracking software.
2. Regular feedback sessions and continuous improvement meetings.
• Period/Frequency: Continuous monitoring with semi-annual performance reviews.
Engaging in and applying findings from geotechnical research is vital for mining operations striving to
remain cutting-edge and address the dynamic challenges of the industry effectively. This approach not
only boosts operational safety and efficiency but also positions the mining operation as a leader in
technological advancement and sustainable practices.

27
Technology Adoption: Implementing New

Technologies for Monitoring and Analysis
Objective: To enhance geotechnical monitoring and analysis capabilities in both surface and
underground mining operations through the adoption of advanced technologies. This involves
identifying, evaluating, and integrating innovative tools and systems that can provide more accurate
data, real-time insights, and predictive capabilities to improve mine safety and operational efficiency.
Scope: The scope includes the assessment of current technology needs, exploration and selection of
emerging technologies, testing and validation of chosen technologies, and full-scale implementation
across mining operations. It also encompasses training for staff and integration with existing systems.
Stage 1. Technology Needs Assessment

1. Identify Current Limitations: Evaluate the current monitoring and analysis systems to identify
gaps or limitations in capabilities.
2. Define Technology Requirements: Establish clear requirements based on identified needs,
including data accuracy, real-time processing, environmental conditions, and integration
capabilities.
1. Stakeholder interviews and feedback sessions.
2. Review of incident reports and performance data.
• Period/Frequency: Conducted annually or as significant changes occur in operational demands or
technological advancements.
Stage 2. Market Research and Technology Scouting

1. Explore Available Technologies: Research and compile information on new and emerging
technologies that meet the defined requirements.
2. Evaluate Technology Vendors: Assess technology providers based on their reliability, support
services, cost-effectiveness, and proven performance in similar environments.
1. Technology trade shows and industry conferences.
2. Online databases and technology review platforms.
• Period/Frequency: Ongoing, with focused market research phases every 6-12 months.
Stage 3. Pilot Testing and Validation

1. Select Technologies for Testing: Choose a few promising technologies for initial testing based
on preliminary evaluations.
2. Conduct Pilot Tests: Implement the technologies in controlled areas of the mine to monitor
performance, ease of use, and integration with existing systems.
1. Pilot testing protocols and evaluation criteria.
2. Data analysis tools to assess technology performance.
• Period/Frequency: Pilot tests conducted over 3-6 months, depending on the technology complexity
and testing requirements.

28
Technology Adoption: Implementing New

Technologies for Monitoring and Analysis
Stage 4. Technology Implementation

1. Develop Implementation Plan: Create a detailed plan for the full-scale rollout of successful
technologies, including timelines, budget, resource allocation, and risk management
strategies.
2. Full-Scale Deployment: Deploy the technology across all applicable areas of the mine,
ensuring proper installation and integration.
1. Project management software for planning and tracking.
2. Training programs and materials for user adoption.
• Period/Frequency: Implementation phase typically spans 6-12 months, depending on the scale and
complexity of deployment.
Stage 5. Training and Integration

1. Conduct Training Sessions: Train staff on the operation and maintenance of the new
technologies to ensure competent usage.
2. Integrate with Existing Systems: Ensure that new technologies work seamlessly with existing
monitoring and data analysis systems.
1. Hands-on training sessions and e-learning modules.
2. IT support for integration with existing software and systems.
• Period/Frequency: Training conducted during and immediately after technology deployment;
integration tested and refined during the implementation phase.
Stage 6. Continuous Monitoring and Optimization

1. Monitor Technology Performance: Continuously assess the performance of implemented
technologies to ensure they meet operational needs and safety standards.
2. Gather Feedback and Optimize: Collect user feedback and conduct regular reviews to
identify any needs for adjustments or additional training.
1. Performance metrics and KPIs specific to geotechnical monitoring.
2. Feedback forms and regular review meetings.
• Period/Frequency: Continuous monitoring with formal reviews every 6 months.

29
Professional Development: Training and Education for

Geotechnical Staff
Objective: To enhance the knowledge, skills, and competencies of geotechnical staff working in both
surface and underground mining operations, ensuring they are equipped to handle current and future
geotechnical challenges effectively and safely.
Scope: The scope includes identifying training needs, designing and delivering training programs,
assessing training effectiveness, and maintaining continuous professional development for all
geotechnical personnel. This encompasses a wide range of training from basic geotechnical principles
to advanced technology and management skills.
Stage 1. Training Needs Assessment

1. Identify Skill Gaps: Assess the current capabilities of the geotechnical staff and identify gaps
relative to the demands of their roles.
2. Define Training Objectives: Establish specific objectives for training programs based on
identified skill gaps and future project requirements.
1. Surveys and interviews to gather input from staff and management.
2. Skills matrix to map required skills against current capabilities.
• Period/Frequency: Conducted annually or as needed when new technologies are adopted, or new
challenges emerge.
Stage 2. Training Program Development

1. Curriculum Design: Develop a comprehensive curriculum that covers theoretical knowledge,
practical skills, and safety protocols.
2. Selection of Training Methods: Choose appropriate training methods, including in-class
sessions, on-the-job training, workshops, seminars, and online courses.
1. Educational design software for creating training materials.
2. Learning Management Systems (LMS) to deliver and track online training.
• Period/Frequency: Training programs are developed and updated biennially or as significant
changes in technology or procedures occur.
Stage 3. Delivery of Training

1. Schedule Training Sessions: Organize and schedule training sessions to minimize disruption
to ongoing operations.
2. Conduct Training: Execute the planned training sessions, ensuring high engagement and
effective learning.
1. Trained instructors and facilitators.
2. Multimedia presentation tools, practical demonstrations, and simulation software.
• Period/Frequency: Ongoing throughout the year, with major sessions planned during slower
operational periods.

30
Professional Development: Training and Education for

Geotechnical Staff
Stage 4. Evaluation and Feedback

1. Assess Training Effectiveness: Evaluate the effectiveness of training through tests, practical
assessments, and feedback from participants.
2. Gather Feedback: Collect detailed feedback from trainees and trainers to identify areas for
improvement.
1. Feedback forms and post-training evaluation surveys.
2. Performance tracking before and after training sessions.
• Period/Frequency: After each training session; comprehensive reviews annually.
Stage 5. Certification and Record Keeping

1. Certification: Provide certifications for completed training, especially for courses that require
legal or regulatory compliance.
2. Maintain Training Records: Keep detailed records of all training activities, participant
progress, and certifications achieved.
1. Certification management systems.
2. Digital databases for storing training records securely.
• Period/Frequency: Certifications are issued upon completion of courses; records are updated
continuously with an annual audit.
Stage 6. Continuous Professional Development

1. Promote Ongoing Learning: Encourage staff to engage in continuous learning through
conferences, seminars, and advanced courses.
2. Career Development Planning: Assist staff in planning their professional development
aligned with career goals and organizational needs.
1. Subscriptions to industry publications, memberships in professional associations.
2. Development plans integrated with personal and organizational objectives.
• Period/Frequency: Continuous, with formal career development reviews conducted annually.

31
PART 8:
Closure and Reclamation

Stability Assessments: Ensuring Long-Term

Stability of Closed Mine Sites
Objective: To ensure the long-term stability and safety of closed mine sites, preventing environmental
degradation and hazards such as land subsidence, water contamination, or uncontrolled releases of
hazardous materials. This involves monitoring, maintaining, and managing closed sites to comply with
environmental and safety regulations.
Scope: The scope includes comprehensive assessments of the geological and structural stability of the
site, ongoing monitoring of key environmental indicators, remediation of identified issues, and
community engagement to address concerns related to closed mine sites.
Stage 1. Initial Stability Assessment

1. Review Historical Data: Analyze all available geological, operational, and monitoring data
from the active mining period to identify potential stability issues.
2. Conduct Initial Site Survey: Perform a detailed survey of the site to assess current conditions,
focusing on structures, tailings facilities, and waste dumps.
1. Geological and structural mapping tools.
2. Historical data analysis software.
• Period/Frequency: Conducted initially at the commencement of the closure phase and repeated as
necessary based on findings.
Stage 2. Risk Analysis and Remediation Planning

1. Identify Stability Risks: Determine risks related to slope stability, structural integrity of mine
works, and potential environmental hazards.
2. Develop Remediation Plans: Create specific plans to mitigate identified risks, which may
include physical stabilization works, water treatment systems, or habitat restoration.
1. Risk assessment frameworks (e.g., Failure Modes and Effects Analysis - FMEA).
2. Project management tools for planning remediation activities.
• Period/Frequency: Risk analysis updated annually or biennially; remediation plans adjusted
accordingly.
Stage 3. Implementation of Remediation and Stabilization Measures

1. Execute Remediation Projects: Carry out stabilization works, infrastructure removal, or other
remediation measures as planned.
2. Monitor Project Execution: Ensure that remediation works are performed to standard and
achieve intended stabilization objectives.
1. Construction and environmental remediation equipment.
2. Project monitoring software and onsite supervision.

33
Stability Assessments: Ensuring Long-Term

Stability of Closed Mine Sites
• Period/Frequency: As determined by the remediation plans, typically spanning several months to

years depending on the scale of intervention.
Stage 4. Long-Term Monitoring and Maintenance

1. Install Monitoring Systems: Set up systems to continuously monitor geotechnical and
environmental parameters, such as groundwater levels, leachate quality, and slope movement.
2. Regular Site Inspections: Conduct periodic inspections and reviews of the site to identify new
issues or changes in site conditions.
1. Environmental monitoring instruments (e.g., piezometers, water quality sensors).
2. Regular site inspection checklists and reporting tools.
• Period/Frequency: Continuous monitoring with automated systems; site inspections conducted
annually or as needed.
Stage 5. Reporting and Documentation

1. Prepare Compliance Reports: Document compliance with all regulatory requirements and
progress on remediation measures.
2. Maintain Records of Monitoring and Maintenance: Keep detailed records of monitoring data
and maintenance activities to support long-term management of the site.
1. Compliance reporting software.
2. Digital archiving systems for data storage.
• Period/Frequency: Compliance and monitoring reports prepared annually; records maintained
continuously and reviewed periodically.
Stage 6. Stakeholder Engagement

1. Community Consultations: Engage with local communities and other stakeholders to
address concerns and provide updates on site conditions and management activities.
2. Report on Site Status: Communicate findings from monitoring and inspections to
stakeholders in a transparent and accessible manner.
1. Public engagement platforms and communication tools.
2. Regular community meetings and information sessions.
• Period/Frequency: Ongoing, with formal community engagements conducted bi-annually or as
significant issues arise.

34
Environmental Rehabilitation and

Monitoring Post-Closure
Objective: To restore land and water systems affected by mining operations to a stable and productive
state, while continuously monitoring the site to ensure long-term environmental health and compliance
with regulatory requirements.
Scope: The scope encompasses all activities from initial environmental assessment, remediation and
restoration efforts to long-term monitoring of land and water systems post-closure. This ensures the site
does not pose environmental or health risks and supports a sustainable future use.
Stage 1. Environmental Assessment and Planning

1. Conduct Baseline Studies: Assess the pre-mining environmental conditions of the site using
historical data and new surveys.
2. Identify Contaminants and Degraded Areas: Determine areas most impacted by mining
activities, including soil contamination, water pollution, and biodiversity loss.
3. Develop Rehabilitation Plans: Create detailed plans for soil amendment, water treatment,
and ecological restoration tailored to local environmental conditions and regulatory
requirements.
1. Environmental impact assessment tools.
2. GIS mapping for spatial analysis of contamination and degradation.
• Period/Frequency: Initial assessments conducted once at the start of closure planning, with
periodic updates during the rehabilitation process.
Stage 2. Implementation of Remediation Measures

1. Soil Remediation: Implement strategies such as soil washing, stabilization, or
phytoremediation to remove or contain contaminants.
2. Water Treatment and Restoration: Install systems to treat contaminated water and restore
hydrological systems.
3. Revegetation and Biodiversity Enhancement: Select and plant native species to restore
ecological balance and promote biodiversity.
1. Remediation technologies (e.g., bioreactors for water treatment).
2. Ecological engineering practices for revegetation.
• Period/Frequency: Continuous implementation over several years, depending on the extent of
remediation required.
Stage 3. Long-Term Environmental Monitoring

1. Monitor Recovering Ecosystems: Track the recovery of flora and fauna, assessing the success
of revegetation and biodiversity initiatives.
2. Water Quality Surveillance: Continuously monitor water bodies for pollutants such as heavy
metals, pH, and other chemical indicators.

35
Environmental Rehabilitation and

Monitoring Post-Closure
1. Geotechnical Stability Monitoring: Observe the stability of soil and structures like tailings
dams to prevent collapses or leaks.
1. Automated monitoring stations for water quality and geotechnical stability.
2. Drones and remote sensing technology for ecological monitoring.
• Period/Frequency: Ongoing monitoring with annual comprehensive reviews and reports.
Stage 4. Reporting and Compliance

1. Prepare Environmental Reports: Document the progress of rehabilitation efforts and ongoing
monitoring results.
2. Ensure Regulatory Compliance: Adhere to environmental regulations and standards,
reporting as required to government agencies.
1. Environmental management systems (EMS) for data management and reporting.
2. Compliance tracking software.
• Period/Frequency: Annual reporting, with additional reports following significant incidents or
discoveries.
Stage 5. Stakeholder Engagement and Public Reporting

1. Engage with Local Communities and Stakeholders: Keep local communities informed about
the status of the site and any potential environmental impacts.
2. Public Disclosure of Environmental Status: Provide transparent reporting on environmental
status and monitoring results to the public and other stakeholders.
1. Community meetings and information sessions.
2. Public access web portals for environmental reporting.
• Period/Frequency: Bi-annual community engagement; continuous availability of updated
environmental data online.

36

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MINE GEOTECHNICAL MANAGEMENT

APPROACH AND GUIDELINE

June 2024 © By Elvis Kwaku Nyarko

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 2

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 3

Collaboration: Working with Mining Engineers for

Stage 1. Integration and Communication Setup

2. Communication platforms (e.g., Slack, Microsoft Teams).

Stage 2. Joint Design and Planning Sessions

Stage 3. Implementation of Geotechnical Monitoring Systems

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 44

Collaboration: Working with Mining Engineers for

Stage 4. Operational Strategy Development

Stage 5. Review and Continuous Improvement

Quality Assurance and Compliance

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 55

Compliance: Ensuring Geotechnical Practices Meet

Stage 1. Regulatory Review and Gap Analysis

Stage 2. Implementation of Regulatory Changes

Stage 3. Compliance Monitoring and Auditing

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 66

Compliance: Ensuring Geotechnical Practices Meet

Stage 4. Documentation and Reporting

Stage 5. Continuous Improvement and Training

Quality Assurance and Risk Management

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 77

Sustainability: Incorporating Environmental and

Stage 1. Sustainability Assessment and Planning

Stage 2. Implementation of Sustainable Practices

Stage 3. Community Engagement and Social Responsibility

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 88

Sustainability: Incorporating Environmental and

Stage 4. Monitoring and Reporting of Sustainability Metrics

Stage 5. Continuous Improvement and Compliance

Quality Assurance and Risk Management

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 99

Reporting and Documentation: Maintaining

Stage 1. Documentation Strategy Development

Stage 2. Document Creation and Collection

Stage 3. Document Review and Maintenance

Reporting and Documentation: Maintaining

Stage 4. Compliance Auditing and Reporting

Stage 5. Record Retention and Disposal

Quality Assurance and Risk Management

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 11

Reporting and Documentation: Maintaining

Typical Reports And Documents That An Open Pit Geotechnical

2. Monitoring Data Reports

3. Water Management Reports

4. Safety Incident Logs

5. Equipment Status Reports

6. Shift Handover Reports

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 12

Reporting and Documentation: Maintaining

Typical Reports And Documents that an Open Pit Geotechnical

2. Weekly Monitoring Data Analysis

3. Water Management Weekly Review

4. Weekly Safety Review

5. Equipment and Maintenance Report

6. Weekly Stakeholder Engagement Report

© Mine Geotechnical Management Approach and Guideline 13

Reporting and Documentation: Maintaining

Typical Reports And Documents that an Open Pit Geotechnical

8. Hazard Map Update