346 MATHEMATICS

π
Example 36 Evaluate ∫ 0
2
log sin x dx

∫
2
Solution Let I = log sin x dx
0

Then, by P4
π π
π 
I= ∫ 0
2
log sin  − x  dx = ∫ 2 log cos x dx
2  0

Adding the two values of I, we get

π
2I = ∫ ( log sin x + log cos x ) dx
0
2

π
= ∫ ( log sin x cos x + log 2 − log 2 ) dx (by adding and subtracting log 2)
0
2

π π

∫ sin 2x dx − ∫ 2 log 2 dx
2
= log (Why?)
0 0

π
Put 2x = t in the first integral. Then 2 dx = dt, when x = 0, t = 0 and when x = ,
2
t = π.
1 π π
Therefore 2I =
2 ∫ 0 log sin t dt − 2 log 2
π
2 π
=
2 ∫ 0
2
log sin t dt −
2
log 2 [by P6 as sin (π – t) = sin t)

π
π
= ∫
0
2
log sin x dx −
2
log 2 (by changing variable t to x)

π
= I − log 2
2
π
–π
Hence ∫ 0
2
log sin x dx =
2
log 2 .
 INTEGRALS 347

EXERCISE 7.11
By using the properties of definite integrals, evaluate the integrals in Exercises 1 to 19.
3
π π π
sin x sin 2 x dx
1.
∫ 0
2
cos2 x dx 2. ∫ 0
2
sin x + cos x
dx 3. ∫ 0
2
3 3
sin 2 x + cos 2 x

π
cos 5 x dx 5 8
4. ∫ 0
2
sin 5 x + cos 5 x
5. ∫ − 5 | x + 2 | dx 6. ∫2 x − 5 dx

π
1 2
∫ 0 x (1 − x ) ∫ ∫0 x
n
7. dx 8. 4
log (1 + tan x) dx 9. 2 − x dx
0

π π

∫ ∫
2
10. 2
(2 log sin x − log sin 2 x) dx 11. –π
sin 2 x dx
0
2
π
π x dx 2π
12. ∫0 1 + sin x
13. ∫
2
–π
sin 7 x dx 14. ∫0 cos 5 x dx
2
π
sin x − cos x a x
∫0
π
15. ∫ 0
2
1 + sin x cos x
dx 16. ∫ 0 log (1 + cos x ) dx 17.
x + a−x
dx
4
18. ∫0 x − 1 dx
a a
19. Show that ∫0 f (x )g( x) dx = 2 ∫ f (x) dx , if f and g are defined as f(x) = f(a – x)
0

and g(x) + g(a – x) = 4

Choose the correct answer in Exercises 20 and 21.
π

20. The value of ∫ 2

−π
( x3 + x cos x + tan 5 x + 1) dx is
2

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) π (D) 1

π
 4 + 3 sin x 
21. The value of ∫ 0
2
log   dx is
 4 + 3 cos x 
3
(A) 2 (B) (C) 0 (D) –2
4