Lec 4

Alexopolus , 1996 and Webster & Weber (2007) classified fungi and
fungi like organisms into 3 kingdoms

 Kingdom 1 Protozoa
 Phylum 1 _Myxomycota (slime moulds)
 Acrasiomycetes (= Acrasea) (acrasid cellular slime moulds)
 Dictyosteliomycetes (= Dictyostelia) (dictyostelid cellular
slime moulds)
 Protosteliomycetes (= Protostelea) (protostelid plasmodial
slime moulds)
 Myxomycetes (= Myxogastrea) (true (plasmodial) slime
moulds)
 Phylum 2 _Plasmodiophoromycota

 Kingdom 2 Straminipila
 Phylum 1 _Hyphochytriomycota
 Phylum2-
Labyrinthulomycota (= Labyrinthomorpha, Labyrinthista and Laby
rinthulea) (slime nets)
 Labyrinthulomycetes (= Labyrinthulales)
 Thraustochytriomycetes (= Thraustochytriales)
 Phylum 3 _Oomycota (= Peronosporomycetes)

 Kingdom 3 Fungi (Eumycota)

 Chytridiomycota
 Chytridiomycetes
 Zygomycota
 Zygomycetes
 Trichomycetes
 Ascomycota
 Archiascomycetes
 Hemiascomycetes
 Plectomycetes
 Hymenoascomycetes
 Pyrenomycetes
 Loculoascomycetes
 Basidiomycota

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  Homobasidiomycetes
 Heterobasidiomycetes
 Urediniomycetes
 Ustilaginomycetes (smut fungi and their allies)

Phylogenetic classification of fungi based on comparison of

ribosomal RNA gene sequences is discussed with emphasis on (i) the
place of fungi in all of life, (ii) the relationship of medically important
fungi to other fungi including model organisms and, (iii) the integration
of sexual and asexual fungi into one classification.

Presently, then, the true fungi which is called kingdom Fungi

comprises the seven phyla: The most recently-published phylogenetic
classification of Fungi (Hibbett et al., 2007)
• Chytridiomycota,
• Blastocladiomycota,
• Neocallimastigomycota,
• Microsporidia,
• Glomeromycota,
• Ascomycota
• Basidiomycota
The phylum Zygomycota is not accepted in the most recent
classification because of remaining doubts about relationships between
the groups that have traditionally been placed in this phylum. The
consequences of this decision are the recognition of the phylum
Glomeromycota with four subphyla.:
Mucoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina, Zoopagomycotina and
Entomophthoromycotina
The latter two phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. are combined in
the subkingdom Dikarya.
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 Phylogenetic Relationships

There are 5 major fungal phyla based on mode of sexual

reproduction

Increasing molecular sequence data suggest that fungi are more closely
related to animals than to plants .The Glomeromycota, Ascomycota and
Basidiomycota are monophyletic , other two phyla are not.
The phylogeny of Deuteromycota is yet to be determined.

Glomeromycetes (phylum Glomeromycota) are a tiny group of

monophyletic fungi ,they form intracellular associations with plant roots
called arbuscular mycorrhizae