-They are found in soil.,water.air.

inside
the body of plants and animals.inside
thermal vents.
-Microbes are diverse as protozoa,fungi.
protozoa, bacteria,virus,viroids and
prions.
-Microbes are used in household
products.indrustrial products and in
sewage treatment plant.
 MICROBES
[1] Curd
IN
HOUSEHOLD PRODUCT
-Milk is
converted
organisms such as
to curd by
micro
other commonly lactobacillious
called lactic acid
bacteria (LAB) which
and
convert into milk. grow in milk and

-A small
milk a5
amount of curd
edded to fresh
inoculem or sterter which at
Suitable ternperature In our
the LAB play very stomech.
beneficial role.
 which is used for making
-The dough also
as dosa and idli is
food such
fermented by bacteria.
appears ot doh is de
The pufted up
the prodiction of carbon oade
to
-The dough which is used for making
bread infermented using baker's yeast
(sacchoromyces cerevisiae).
A number of traditional drinks and
foods are also made by fermentation by
the microbes. (unicellular fungi- yeast
category of organism saccharomyces
cerevisiae)
(3] Toddy:
It is a
traditional drink of sone parts of
southern india is Ilade by fermented or
fermenting sap fromn palrns
trees,c0Conut,etc.
-Microbes are also used to ferment
fish,soyabean, barnboo shoots to make
food.
afteral trak

eraon of sa

(3] Cheese
-Formed by partial degradation of milk
by different microrganism.
-Different varieties of cheese are known
by their characterstic texture,flavour
And taste.the specificity come from the
nicrobes used.
The large oles in Swiss cheese are
ue to production of a large anounto
aron daoxide by a bacteiur amed
Propiont bacteriurn shermann
The Roquefort cheesce are ripenced by
roing a specific fung (Penecilium
oquetotil) on thernwhich gvestema
particular flavours

Cheese Making Salting Affinage

MIk Curds Forms Sat Aging

Hocbes fon as y s AberDe

4rg po
Aag-d
h
 MICROBES IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCI
-Production on indrustrial scale,requi
resgrowing microbes in very large
vessels called fermentor or
bioreacto
-S

-Beverages,antibiotics,enzynes
some of the
are
indrustrial products
produced by microbes
Fermented Beverages
-Microbes are used for the production of
beverages like- Wine,beer,whiskey rum
-Malted cereais and fruits juices are
fernented by saccharomyces cerevisia
-e to produce ethanol
-Saccharomyces Cerevisae is used for
the production of fermented beverages.
-Wine and beer are produced by
distillation of the fermented broth.
-Beer has an alcoholic content of 3-6%.
-Wines thas an alcoholic content of g
1296

-DistilledRum whiskey brancdy

Undistilled Beer, wine

Antibiotics:- Wakman-19421
Antiteotics ae the chemical shubstance
 Whichare produced ty some mctoD
es and can fill ot stop the growth of
other mectobes

-Alexander flemming discovered

Penicillin obtained from Penicillium
notatum which was the first antibioti
-c to be discovered.

-Antibiotic are used against the dead

Iy diseases like Plague,whooping, co
-ugh,leprosy, malaria,etc.
-Production of antibiotics has becom

e widespread by efforts of Ernest ch

ain and howard florey on chemosthe
rapetic effectlines of pencillin during
1939-41
-Pencillin was used in treating ameri
Can soliders wound in world war-ll
Chain and florey were awarded the
nobel prze in 1945 for discovery of
potential use of Penicillinas antibioti
CThis same year alexander flemmin
galso awarded
Somme other aritibiotics Were also
puttied after sUCCestul discovery of
peniclln egfunnaglin irom aspergr
Mechanisms of Aatiitic sista
Judicious Use Of Antibiotic:
-Excess antibiotics use is a well docu
ment factor for infection with resist
Ant pathogens
Unecessary antibiotics use for viral
illness is common and has led to inc
reasing rates of antibioticresistance
among streptococus pneumonia and
other imnmunity accquired pathogen

MUST USE JUDICIOUSLY"

nrg tthty t
the bartaWh
areover X00 types t
bectiia in the hnan
bods itia utun fuud
t4eta e sed tht artnisties are
dug.hathn
et te t s
inctruly uwd tor
en tever mny aces
ndra witheut pctg e teer
taa
Chemicals,Enzymes And Bioactive
Molecules:
-Microbes are being used for comme
rcial and indrustrial production of
certain chemicals like- Alcohols,orga
-nic acids,enzymes and other bioactiv
-e molecules.
[Cholestrol lowering monasscus purp
-ureus.(statin- C.lowering ) |
Heart attack- In corna artery there is
clot streptocouem(clot bluster) <
streptococcus.
Acids:
1.Lactic acids- Lactobacilius
2.Acetic acid- Acetobacteraceti
3.Butyric acid- Clostridum butylicum
4.Citric acid- Aspergillus niger
Lipases- removing lipids
(They help in removing stain of oil)
or

(Breakdown)
Pectinasesor Proteins Removing
pulp(They remove pulp from juices)
(or)
(Breakdown of protein)
Bioactive agents are of three types:
1.Medicine
2.Acids

3.Enzymes
 Mantlal statia ea thecnge asd

MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT

edsewge
-Before disposal.hence sewage is
treatment plants (STPS) by the heter
-otrophic microbes to make less
poliuting
 SEWAGE IREATMENIS CARRIED
OUTIN TWO WAYS:
Pumary o PySICaltreatment
Seconday orBakogrcal treatrnet
Primary Treatment
These treatment step basically physi
-cal removal of large and small parti
cles.