Introduction to

Phrases and
Sentences
Phrases and sentences are the building blocks of language. They allow us
to convey our thoughts, ideas, and experiences to others. Understanding
the differences between phrases and sentences is crucial for effective
communication.

SH by Subono Hutagalung
What is a Phrase?
1 Group of Words
A phrase is a group of words that work together to express a
specific meaning, but do not contain a subject and a verb.

2 No Subject or Verb
Phrases lack a complete subject-verb structure, making them
unable to stand alone as a complete thought.

3 Serves a Function
Phrases can serve various functions within a sentence, such as
modifying nouns or verbs.
Types of Phrases
Noun Phrase Verb Phrase Prepositional Phrase
A group of words that functions as A group of words that functions as A group of words that starts with a
a noun, such as "the big, fluffy a verb, such as "is running quickly". preposition and functions as an
dog". adjective or adverb, such as "on
the table" or "in the morning".
What is a Sentence?
1 Complete Thought
A sentence is a complete thought expressed with a subject and a
verb.

2 Independent Clause
Sentences contain at least one independent clause, which can
stand alone as a complete thought.

3 Punctuation
Sentences are typically marked by ending punctuation, such as a
period, exclamation point, or question mark.
Parts of a Sentence
Subject
The subject is the person, place,
thing, or idea that the sentence is
about.
Verb
The verb is the action or state of
being that the subject performs or
experiences.
Modifiers
Modifiers, such as adjectives and
adverbs, provide additional
information about the subject,
verb, or other parts of the
sentence.
Simple Sentences
One Independent Clause Basic Structure Examples
A simple sentence contains one The basic structure is subject + "The dog barked." "She sang
independent clause with a verb (+ object). beautifully."
subject and a verb.
Compound Sentences
Two Independent Clauses
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses
joined by a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon.

Coordinating Conjunctions
Common coordinating conjunctions include "and," "but," "or,"
"yet," and "so".

Examples
"I like to read, but I also enjoy writing." "The sun was shining;
it was a beautiful day."
Complex Sentences
1 Independent Clause
A complex sentence contains an independent clause and
one or more dependent clauses.

2 Dependent Clause
A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete
sentence and is often introduced by a subordinating
conjunction, such as "because," "since," or "when".

3 Examples
"Because it was raining, I brought my umbrella." "While I
was studying, my friend called me."
Conclusion

Phrases
Groups of words that do not contain a subject and verb.

Sentences
Complete thoughts with a subject and verb.

Sentence Types
Simple, compound, and complex sentences.