Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
6th Cls
Solu 7 8 9 10 11 12 Extra
Questions
Samacheer
Books
Samacheer Kalvi
acheer Kalvi 11th Books Answers Samacheer Kalvi 10th Books Answers
World-class
30M people use Gra
for free today.
Grammarly
Question 1.
Graphite and diamond are ………..
(a) Covalent and molecular crystals
(b) ionic and covalent
(c) both covalent crystals
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 2/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Mumbai to Dubai
from Rs17,749
View Now
Question 2.
An ionic compound Ax By crystallizes in fee type crystal structure with B
ions at the centre of each face and A ion occupying centre of the cube,
the correct formula of A B is ………..
(a) AB
(b) AB3
(c) A3B
(d) A8B6
Answer:
(b) AB3
Question 3.
The rano of close packed atoms to tetrahedral hole in cubic packing is
………..
(a) 1:1
(b) 1:2
(c) 2:1
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 3/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
(d) 1:4
Answer:
(b) 1:2
Question 4.
Solid CO2 is an example of ………..
(a) Covalent solid
(b) metallic solid
(c) molecular solid
(d) ionic solid
Answer:
(c) molecular solid
Question 5.
Assertion: monoclinic sulphur is an example of monoclinic crystal
system.
Reason: for a monoclinic system, a ≠ b ≠ c and α = γ = 90° , β ≠ 90°.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion
Question 6.
In calcium fluoride, having the flurite structure the coordination
number of Ca2+ ion and F Ion are ………..
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 4/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
(a) 4 and 2
(b) 6 and 6
(c) 8 and 4
(d) 4 and 8
Answer:
(c) 8 and 4
Question 7.
The number of unit cells in 8gm of an element X (atomic mass 40)
which crystallizes in bcc pattern is (NA is the Avogadro number)
(a) 6.023 × 1023
(b) 6.023 × 1022
(c) 60.23 × 1023
(d) ( 6.023×10
23
)
8×40
Answer:
(b) 6.023 × 1022
Question 8.
In a solid atom M occupies ccp lattice and ( 13 ) of tetrahedral voids are
occupied by atom N. Find the formula of solid formed by M and N.
(a) MN
(b) M3N
(C) MN3
(d) M3N2
Answer:
(d) M3N2
Question 9
The ionic radii of A+ and B- are 0.98 × 10-10 m and 1.81 × 10-10 m , the
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 5/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 10.
CsCl has bcc arrangement, its unit cell edge length is 400pm, its inter
atomic distance is ………..
(a) 400pm
(b) 800pm
–
(c) g√3 × 100pm
(d) ( × 400 pm
√3
)
2
Answer:
(d) ( × 400 pm
√3
)
2
Quesiton 11.
A solid compound XY has NaCl structure, if the radius of the cation is
100pm , the radius of the anion will be ………..
(a) ( 0.414
100
)
(b) ( 0.732
100
)
Answer:
(a) ( 0.414
100
)
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 6/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 12.
The vacant space in bcc lattice unit cell is ………..
(a) 48%
(b) 23%
(c) 32%
(d) 26%
Answer:
(c) 32%
Question 13.
The radius of an atom is 300pm, if it crystallizes in a face centered cubic
lattice, the length of the edge of the unit cell is ………..
(a) 488.5pm
(b) 848.5pm
(c) 884.5pm
(d) 484.5pm
Answer:
(b) 848.5pm
Question 14.
The fraction of total volume occupied by the atoms in a simple cubic is
………..
(a) ( π
)
4√ 2
(b) ( π6 )
(c) ( π4 )
(d) ( π
)
3√ 2
Answer:
(b) ( π6 )
Question 15.
The yellow colour in NaCl crystal is due to ………..
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 7/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 16.
If ’a’ stands for the edge length of the cubic system; sc ,bcc, and fcc.
Then the ratio of radii of spheres in these systems wilL be respectively.
Answer:
1 √3 1
( a : a : a)
2 4 2√ 2
Question 17.
If a is the length of the side of the cube, the distance between the body
centered atom and one comer atom in the cube will be ………..
(a) ( 2
)a
√3
(b) ( 4
)a
√3
(c) (
√3
)a
4
(d) (
√3
)a
2
Answer:
(d) (
√3
)a
2
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 8/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 18.
Potassium has a bcc structure with nearest neighbor distance 4.52 A. its
atomic weight is 39. Its density will be ………..
(a) 915 kg m-3
(b) 2142 kg m-3
(c) 452 kg m-3
(d) 390 kg m-3
Answer:
(a) 915 kg m-3
Question 19.
Schottky defect in a crystal is observed when ………..
(a) unequal number of anions and anions are missing from the lattice
(b) equal number of anions and anions are missing from the lattice
(e) an ion leaves its normal site and occupies an interstitial site
(d) no ion is missing from its lattice.
Answer:
(b) equal number of anions and anions are missing from the lattice
Question 20.
The cation leaves its normal position in the crystal and moves to some
interstitial position, the defect in the crystal is known as ………..
(a) Schottky defect
(b) F center
(c) Frenkel defect
(d) non-stoichiometric defect
Answer:
(c) Frenkel defect
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 9/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 21.
Assertion – due to Frenkel defect, density of the crystalline solid
decreases.
Reason – in Frenkel defect cation and anion leaves the crystal.
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false
Answer:
(d) Both assertion and reason are false
Question 22.
The crystal with a metal deficiency defect is ………..
(a) NaCI
(b) FeO
(c) ZnO
(a) KCI
Answer:
(b) FeO
Question 23.
A two dimensional solid pattern formed by two different atoms X and Y
is shown below. The black and white squares represent atoms X and Y
respectively. The simplest formula for the compound based on the unit
cell from the pattern is ………..
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 10/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
(a) XY8
(b) X4Y9
(c) XY2
(d) XY4
Answer:
(a) XY8
Question 1.
Define unit cell.
Answer:
A basic repeating structural unit of a crystalline solid is called a unit ccli.
Question 2.
Give any three characteristics of ionic crystals.
Answer:
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 11/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 3.
Differentiate crystalline solids and amorphous solids.
Answer:
Crystalline solids:
Amorphous solids:
Question 4.
Classify the following solids.
a) P4
b) Brass
c) Diamond
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 12/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
d) NaCI
e) iodine
Answer:
P4 – Molecular solid
Brass – Metallic solid
Diamond –
NaCl – Ionic solid
Iodine – Molecular solid
Question 5.
Explain briefly seven types of unit cell.
Answer:
Seven types of unit cell:
Cubic – NaCl
Tetragonal – TiO2
Orthorhombic – BaSO4
Hexagonal – ZnO
Monoclinic – PbCrO4
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 13/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Triclinic – H3BO3
Rhombohedral – Cinnabar Cubic
Question 6.
Distinguish between hexagonal close packing and cubic close packing.
Answer:
Hexagonal close-packing
1. aba arrangement
2. In this case, the spheres of the third layer are exactly aligned with
those of the first layer
3. In HCP, tetrahedral voids of the second layer may be covered by
the spheres of the third layer
1. abc arrangement
2. In this case, the spheres of the third layer are not aligned with
those of the first layer or second layer. Only when the fourth layer
is placed, its spheres are aligned with the first layer.
3. In cep third layer may be placed above the second layer in a
manner such that its sphere covers the octahedral voids
Question 7.
Distinguish tetrahedral and octahedral voids.
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 14/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Answer:
Tetrahedral void
R
= 0.225
Octahedral void
R
= 0.414
Question 8.
What are point defects?
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 15/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Answer:
If the deviation occurs due to missing atoms, displaced atoms or extra
atoms the imperfection is named as a point defect. Such defects arise
due to imperfect packing during the original crystallisation or they may
arise from thermal vibrations of atoms at elevated temperatures.
Question 9.
Explain Schottky defect.
Answer:
Schottky defect arises due to the missing of equal number of cations
and anions from the crystal lattice. This effect does not change the
stoichiometry of the crystal.Ionic solids in which the cation and anion
are of almost of similar size show schottky defect.
Example: NaCl.
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 16/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 10.
Write short note on metal excess and metal deficiency defect with an
example. Metal excess defect.
Answer:
Metal excess defect arises due to the presence of more number of
metal ions as compared to anions.Alkali metal halides NaCl, KCl show
this type of defect.The electrical neutrality of the crystal can be
maintained by the presence of anionic vacancies equal to the excess
metal ions (or) by the presence of extra cation and electron present in
interstitial position.
For example, when NaCl crystals are heated in the presence of sodium
vapour, Na+ ions are formed and are deposited on the surface of the
crystal. Chloride ions (Cl–) diffuse to the surface from the lattice point
and combines with Na+ ion.
The electron lost by the sodium vapour diffuse into the crystal lattice
and occupies the vacancy created by the Cl– ions. Such anionic
vacancies which are occupied by unpaired electrons are called F
centers. Hence, the formula of NaCl which contains excess Na+ ions
can be written as Na1+xCl.
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 17/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 11.
Calculate the number of atoms in a fee unit cell.
Answer:
Number of atoms in a fee unit cell,
= +
Nc Nf
8 2
= 8
8
+ 6
2
=1+3=4
Question 12.
Explain AAAA and ABABA and ABCABC type of three dimensional
packing with the help of neat diagram.
Answer:
1. AAAA type of three dimensional packing
This type of three dimensional packing arrangements can be obtained
by repeating the AAAA type two dimensional arrangements in three
dimensions, i.e., spheres in one layer sitting directly on the top of those
in the previous layer so that all layers are identical.
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 18/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
The third layer is a repeat of the first. This pattern ABABAB is repeated
throughout the crystal. In this arrangement, each sphere has a
coordination number of 8, four neighbors in the layer above and four
in the layer below.
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 19/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
dips of first layer. Third layer spheres are arranged in a manner such
that it cover the octahedral void. Then no longer third layer is similar to
first or second layer.
Third layer gives different arrangement. Fourth layer spheres are similar
to first layer. If the first, second and third layer are represented as A,B,C
then this type of packing gives the arrangement of layers as ABCABC…
(i.e.,), the first three layers do not resemble first, second and third layers
respectively and the sequence is repeated.
Octahedral void:
A hole or void formed by three spheres of a hexagonal layer and
another three spheres of the adjacent layer is a hole between six
spheres. The spheres are arranged at the vertices of a regular
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 20/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 13.
Why ionic crystals are hard and brittle?
Answer:
The ionic compounds are very hard and brittle. In ionic compounds, the
ions are rigidly held in a lattice because the positive and negative ions
are strongly attracted to each other and difficult to separate. But the
brittleness of a compound is now easy to shift the position of atoms or
ions in a lattice.
Question 14.
Calculate the percentage efficiency of packing in case of a body-
centered cubic crystal. Packing efficiency.
Answer:
In the body-centered cubic arrangement, the spheres are touching
along the leading diagonal of the cube as shown in the In ∆ABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
−−−− −−−−−−
AC = g√AB
2 2
+ BC
−−−−−−
AC = g√a2 + a
2
= a2
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 21/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
In ∆ACG,
AG2 = AC2 + CG2
−−−− −− −−−−
AG =g√AC
2 2
+ CG
−−−−−−−− −−
–
AG =
2
√(√2a) + a 2
−−−−−−− −−
− –
AG = g√2a2 + a
2
= g√3a2 = √3a
–
i.e., g√3 a = 4r
r=
√3
a
4
3
πr2
= π(
4 √3
a)
3 4
= πa2
√3
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 22/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 15.
What is the two-dimensional coordination number of a molecule in
square close-packed layer?
Answer:
Square close packing – When the spheres of the second row are placed
exactly above those of the first row. This way the spheres are aligned
horizontally as well as vertically. The arrangement is AAA type.
Coordination number is 4.
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 23/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 16.
What is meant by the term “coordination number”? What is the
coordination number of atoms in a bcc structure?
Answer:
Question 17.
An element has bcc structure with a cell edge of 288 pm. the density of
the element is 7.2 gcm-3. How many atoms are present in 208g of the
element.
Answer:
An elemeñt has bec structure with a cell edge of 288 pm. The density
of the element is 7.2 gcm-3. For the Bec structure, n = 2
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 24/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 18.
Aluminium crystallizes in a cubic close-packed structure. Its metallic
radius is 125pm. Calculate the edge length of the unit cell.
Answer:
Cubic close packing is based on face centred cubic unit cell.
For fcc structure r =
a√ 2
Question 19.
If NaCI is doped with 10-2 mol percentage of strontium chloride, what
is the concentration of cation vacancy?
Answer:
We know that two Na+ ions are replaced by each of the Sr2+ ions while
SrCl2, is doped with NaCI. But in this case, only one lattice point is
occupied by each of the Sr2+ ions and produce one cation vacancy.
Here 10-2 mole of SrCl2, is doped with 100 moles of NaCI. Thus, cation
vacancies produced by NaCi = 10-2 mol. Since, 100 moles of NaCl
produces cation vacancies after doping = 10-2 mol. Therefore, I mole of
NaCl will produce cation vacancies after doping
= = 10-4mol
−2
10
100
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 25/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 20.
KF crystallizes in fcc structure like sodium chloride, calculate the
distance between K+ and F– in KF. (given : density of KF is 2.48 g cm-3)
Answer:
For fcc structure n = 4
p = 2.48 gcm-3
For KFM= 39+19= 58g mol-1
NA = 6.O23 × 1023; a = ?
Question 21.
An atom crystallizes ¡n fcc crystal lattice and has a density of 10 gcm-
3 with unit cell edge length of 100pm. calculate the number of atoms
present in 1 g of crystal.
Answer:
ρ = 10cm-3
NA = 6.023 × 1023
a = 100 Pm = 100 × 1012m
= 100 × 1010cm = 1.00 × 108cm
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 26/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
For fcc n = 4 M = ? w = 1g
nM
ρ =
3
a NA
3
ρa N A
M =
n
3
−8 23
10×(1.00×10 ) ×6.023×10
M
=
1
1.51
= 0.6623moles
Number of atoms present inn moles = n x NA
Number of atoms. present in 0.6623 moles
=0.6623 × 6.023 × 1023
= 3.989 × 1023 number of atoms
Question 22.
Atoms X and Y form bcc crystalline structure. Atom X is present at the
corners of the cube and Y is at the centre of the cube. What is the
formula of the compound?
Answer:
Y – body centre atom 1 × 1/1 = 1
∴ The formula is X1Y1 or XY.
Question 23.
Sodium metal crystallizes in bcc structure with the edge length of the
unit cell 4.3 × 10-8 cm. Calculate the radius of sodium atom.
Answer:
Edge length of the unit cell (a) = 4.3 × 10-8cm
Radius of sodium atom (r) = ?
For bcc structure, r =
√3
a
4
= (4.3 × 10-8cm)
√3
a
4
−8
1.732×4.3×10
= 1.732
4
× 10
−8
cm
= 1.86 × 10-8 cm
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 27/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 24.
Write a note on Frenkel defect.
Answer:
This arises due to the dislocation of ions from its crystal lattice.
Question 1.
An element has a face centered cubic unit cell with a length of 352.4
pm along an edge. The density of the element is 8.9 gcm-3. How many
atoms are present in loo g of an element?
Answer:
a = 352.4 pm 352. 4 × 10-12 m
= 352. 4 × 10-12 × 102 cm
= 352.4 × 10-10 cm
= 3.524 × 10-8cm
p = 8.9 gcm-3; NA 6.023 × 1023
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 28/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
= 1.705 moles
No of atoms present in n moles n. NA
No. of atoms present in 1.705 moles
= 1.705 × 6.023 × 1023
= 10.269 × 1024 number of atoms
Question 2.
Determine the density of CsCl which crystallizes in a bcc type structure
with an edge length 412.1 pm.
Answer:
Molar mass of cscl = 168.5 g /mol
Number atoms present in per unit cell for bcc (cscl)
n=1
Edge length (a) = 412.1 pm
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 29/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Density (ρ) = ?
ρ= nM
3
a NA
Question 3.
A face centered cubic solid of an element (atomic mass 60) has a cube
edge of 4 Å. Calculate its density.
Answer:
For FCC unit cell n = 4
Edge length (a) = 4Å = 4 × 10-8cm
Mass (M) = 60 g mol-1
Density (p) = ?
Question 1.
In a crystalline solid the arrangement of its constituents is such that the
potential energy of the system is
a) maximum
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 30/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
b) minimum
c) Zero
d) infinity
Answer:
b) minimum
Question 2.
The property of having identical values of physical properties in all
directions is called as
a) isotropy
b) anisotropy
c) allotropy
d) isomerism
Answer:
a) isotropy
Question 3.
The property of having different values of physical properties along
different directions is called as
a) isotropy
b) anisotropy
c) allotropy
d) isomerism
Answer:
b) anisotropy
Question 4.
The radius of Na+ ion is 95pm and Cl” ion 181
pm. The co-ordination of Na+is f3Z9E3
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 31/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 3
Answer:
b) 6
Question 5.
Amorphous solids show
a) isotropy
b) anisotropy
c) isomerism
d) tautomerism
Answer:
a) isotropy
Question 6.
Amorphous solids are
a) anisotropic
b) true solids
c) pseudo solids
d) orderly arranged
Answer:
c) pseudo solids
Question 7.
Crystalline solids are
a) isotropic
b) true solids
c) pseudo solids
d) super cooled liquids
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 32/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Answer:
b) true solids
Question 8.
In ionic solids, cations and anions are held together by
a) weak vander waals force
b) strong electrostatic force
c) hydrogen bond
d) covalent bond
Answer:
b) strong electrostatic force
Question 9.
Ionic solids conduct electricity in
a) crystalline state
b) solid state
c) amorphous state
d) molten state
Answer:
d) molten state
Question 10.
In covalent solids, the constituents are
a) ions
b) atoms
c) molecules
d) metals
Answer:
b) atoms
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 33/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 11.
Which among the following is a covalent solid?
a) Naphthalene
b) Urea
c) Diamond
d) Glucose
Answer:
c) Diamond
Question 12.
The crystal with a metal deficiency defect is
a) NaCl
b) KCl
c) ZnO
d) FeO
Answer:
d) FeO
Question 13.
In molecular solids the constituents are held together by
a) weak vander waals force
b) strong electrostatic force
c) hydrogen bond
d) covalent bond
Answer:
a) weak vander waals force
Question 14.
In non polar molecular solids the constituents are held together by
a) strong electrostatic force
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 34/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 15.
In polar molecular solids the constituents are held together by
a) strong electrostatic force
b) Polar covalent bonds
c) London forces
d) hydrogen bonds
Answer:
b) Polar covalent bonds
Question 16.
Solid CO2 is a
a) Non polar molecular solid
b) Polar molecular solid
c) Hydrogen bonded molecular solid
d) Metallic solid
Answer:
b) Polar molecular solid
Question 17.
Naphthalene is a
a) Non polar molecular solid
b) Polar molecular solid
c) Hydrogen bonded molecular solid
d) Metallic solid
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 35/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Answer:
a) Non polar molecular solid
Question 18.
The number of close packed spheres is ‘n’. The number of tetrahedral
voids generated is equal to ………
a) n
b) 2n
c) 2n2
d) 3n
Answer:
b) 2n
Question 19.
In metallic solids, the lattice points are occupied by
a) anions
b) protons
c) atoms
d) metal ions
Answer:
d) metal ioris
Question 20.
The melting point of metallic solids is
a) low
b)high
c) zero
d) negative
Answer:
b) high
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 36/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 21.
For a rhombohedral crystal which of the following is correct?
a) α = β = γ = 90°
b) α = β = γ ≠ 90°
c) α = β = 90°; γ = 12090°
d) α = γ = 90°; β ≠ 90°
Answer:
b) α = β = γ ≠ 90°
Question 22.
Each atom in the corner of a cubic unit cell is shared by ……………..
neighbouring unit cells
a) 6
b) 8
c) 4
d) 2
Answer:
b) 8
Question 23.
The body centred atom in a bcc unit cell is shared by …………….. unit
cells
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 8
Answer:
a) 1
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 37/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 24.
The face centred atom in a fee unit cell is shared by ………….. unit cells
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 8
Answer:
b) 2
Question 25.
In FCC unit cell of the edge length is 8√2 pm. The radius of the metal
atom is.
a) 0.04
b) 0.02
c) 8 × 10-2
d) 8/√2
Answer:
a) 0.04
Question 26.
In fee, the face centre has a share of…….. of an atom
Answer:
1/2
Question 27.
Total number of atoms present in a simple cubic unit cell is
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 38/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Answer:
a) 1
Question 28.
Total number of atoms present in a bcc unit cell is
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
Answer:
b) 2
Question 29.
Total number of atoms present in a fee unit cell is
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
Answer:
c) 4
Question 30.
of all the metals in the periodic table only …………… crystallizes in simple
cubic pattern.
a) Uranium
b) Polonium
c) Titanium
d) Radium
Answer:
b) Polonium
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 39/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 31.
Which of the following is amorphous?
a) Poly Styrene
b) Table salt
c) Silica
d) Diamond
Answer:
a) Poly Styrene
Question 32.
The arrangement of crystallographic axes and angles respectively in
hexagonal crystal system is
a) a ≠ b ≠ c α = β = γ = 90°
b) a = b ≠ c α = β = γ = 90°
c) a = b ≠ c α = β = 90°; γ = 120°
d) a = b = c α ≠ β ≠ γ = 90°;
Answer:
c) a = b ≠ c α = β = 90°; γ = 120°
Question 33.
a) 0.732 -1.000
b) 0.414 – 0.732
c) 0.225 – 0.414
d) 0.155 – 0.225
Answer:
c) 0.225 – 0.414
Question 34.
If ‘a’ stands for the edge length of the cubic systems, SC, bcc, fee then
the ratio of radii of the spheres in these systems will be respectively
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 40/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Answer:
c
Question 35.
The arrangement ABC ABC ABC ……….. is referred as
a) Tetergonal close packing
b) hexagonal close packing
c) Octahderal close packing
d) Cubic close packing
Answer:
d) Cubic close packing
Question 36.
Hexagonal close packed arrangement of ions is described as
a) ABC ABA
b) ABC ABC….
c) AB AB
d) ABB ABB ….
Answer:
c) AB AB
Question 37.
An ionic compound has a unit cell consisting of A ions at the corners of
a cube and B ions on the centres of the faces of the cube. The empirical
formula of this compound would be
a) AB
b) A2B
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 41/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
c) AB3
d) A3B
Answer:
c) AB3
Corner atom A 8 × 1
8
= 1
2
=3
∴ Formula is A1B3
Question 38.
In a fee lattice A type atoms are present at the corners while B type
atoms are at face centres. If in each unit cell, one of the A type atom is
missing from the corner what is the simplest formula of the compound
a) AB3
b) A3B
c) A7B24
d) A24B7
Ans:
c) A7B24
Corner atom A (one missing) = 7 x 1/8 = 7/8
Face centre atom B = 6 x 1/2 = 3
∴ Formula is A7/8 , B3 (or) A7 B24
Question 39.
In a face centred cubic lattice, atoms A occupies the corner and B
occupies the face centre. If one atom of B is missing from one of the
face centred position, What is the formula of the compound?
a) A2B
b) AB2
c) A2B3
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 42/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
d) A2B5
Answer:
d) A2B5
Corner atom A 8 × 1/8 = 1
Face centre atom B (one missing) 5 × 1/2 = 5/2
∴ Formulais A1B5/2 g, (or)A2B5
Question 40.
In Bragg’s equation, n represents
a) number of moles
b) Principal quantum number
c) Avogadro’s number
d) Order of reflection
Answer:
d) Order of reflection
Question 1.
Solid Example
Answer:
i. Graphite
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 43/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 2.
Answer:
i. One
ii. Two
iii. Four
Question 3.
Packing fraction
Unit cell
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 44/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Answer:
i. 52.31%
ii. 68%
iii. 74%
Question 4.
Answer:
1. NaCl
2. AgBr
3. NaCl in sodium vapour AgBr
4. FeO
1. a) Plastics
b) Rubber
c) NaCl
d) Glass
Answer:
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 45/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
c) NaCl
Reason : NaCl is a crystalline solids while others are amorphous solids.
2. a) Naphthalene
b) Silicon carbide
c) Solid CO2
d) Urea
Answer:
b) Silicon carbide
Reason : Silicon carbide is a covalent solid while others are molecular
solids.
3. a) NaCl
b) AgBr
c) FeO
d) VO
Answer:
c) FeO
Reason : FeO is a crystal with non stoichiometric defect while others are
crystals with stoichiometric defect.
Question 1.
i) In covalent solids atoms are bound together by covalent bonds.
ii) Covalent solids are hard.
iii) Covalent solids have low melting point
iv) Covalent solids are good thermal and electrical conductors.
a) (i) & (ii)
b) (ii) & (iii)
c) (iii) & (iv)
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 46/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 2.
i) A unit cell that contains only one lattice point is called a primitive unit
cell.
ii) There are seven primitive crystal systems.
iii) Based on the seven primitive unit cell, Bravais defined 41 possible
crystal systems.
iv) For cubic and rhombohedral crystal systems a b c.
a) (i) & (ii)
b) (ii) & (iii)
c) (iii) & (iv)
d) (i) & (iv)
Correct statement:
Answer:
a) (i) & (ii)
iii) Based on the seven primitive unit cell, Bravais defined 14 possible
crystal systems
iv) For cubic and rhombohedral crystal systems a = b = c.
Question 3.
i) In bcc unit cell the coordination number of each atom is 6.
3
nM
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 47/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 4.
i) According to the law of nature, crystals must be perfect.
ii) Imperfection in solids affect the physical and chemical properties of
the solid.
iii) Doping with impurity leads to a crystal imperfection.
iv) Imperfection decreases the electrical conductivity of a semi
conductor
a) (i) & (ii) b) (ii) & (iii)
c) (iii) & (iv) d) (i) & (iv)
Correct statement:
Answer:
b) (ii) & (iii)
i) According to the law of nature crystals need not be perfect.
iv) Imperfection increases the electrical conductivity of a semi
conductor
Question 1.
i) Solids have definite volume and shape.
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 48/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 2.
i) In molecular solids the constituents are neutral molecules.
ii) In molecular solids the constituents are held together by strong
electrostatic force.
iii) Molecular solids are hard.
Molecular solids do not conduct electricity,
a) (i) & (ii)
b) (i),(ii) & (iii)
c) (ii) & (iv)
d) (ii) only
Correct statement:
Answer:
d) (ii) only
(ii) In molecular solids the constituents are held together by weak
Vanderwaals force.
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 49/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 3.
i) Crystalline solids have short range, random
arrangement of constituents.
ii) Amorphous solids are isotropic.
iii) Crystalline solids are considered as pseudo solids.
iv) Heat of fusion of amorphous solids is not definite.
a) (i)&(ii)
b) (i) & (iii)
c) (iii) & (iv)
d) (i) & (iv)
Correct statement:
Answer:
b) (i) & (iii)
i) Crystalline solids have long range orderly arrangement of
constituents,
iii) Crystalline solids are considered as true solids.
Question 4.
i) The inter planar distance between two successive planes of atoms
can be calculated using Bragg’s equation.
ii) Bragg’s equation is 2d sinθ = nλ.
iii) The coordination number of the sphere in simple cubic arrangement
is 8.
iv) If the number of close packed spheres be ‘n’ then the number of
octahedral voids is equal to ‘2n’.
a) (i) & (ii)
b) (i) & (iii)
c) (iii) & (iv)
d) (i) & (iv)
Correct statement:
Answer:
c) (iii) & (iv)
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 50/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 1.
Assertion A : Ionic solids do not conduct electricity in solid state.
Reason : Ionic solids have high melting points.
i) Both A and R are correct and R explains A.
ii) A is correct but R is wrong. iii) A is wrong but R is correct,
iv) Both A and R are correct and R does not explain A.
Answer:
iv) Both A and R are correct and R does not explain A. Correct Reason:
In ionic solids ions are fixed in the Lattice positions.
Question 2.
Assertion A : Graphite is a component of many lubricants.
Reason R : Graphite is slippery.
i) Both A and R are correct and R explains A.
ii) A is correct but R is wrong. iii) A is wrong but R is correct,
iv) Both A and R are correct and R does not explain A.
Answer:
i) Both A and R are correct and R explains A.
Question 3.
Assertion A : Metal deficiency defect arises due to the presence of less
number of anions than the cations.
Reason R : This defect is observed in a crystal in which, the cations have
variable oxidation states.
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 51/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 4.
Assertion A : In polar molecular solids, the constituents are molecules
formed by polar covalent bonds.
Reason R : They are held together by relatively weak dipole – dipole
interactions.
i) Both A and R are correct and R explains A.
ii) A is correct but R is wrong.
iii) A is wrong but R is correct.
iv) Both A and R are correct and R does not explain A.
Answer:
ii) A is correct but R is wrong.
Correct Reason R : They are hold together by relatively strong dipole –
dipole interactions.
Question 1.
What is a crystalline solid?
Answer:
A crystalline solid is one in which its constituents (atoms,ions or
molecules) have an orderly arrangement over a long range.
Question 2.
What is an amorphous solid?
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 52/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Answer:
An amorphous solid is one in which its constituents (atoms, ions or
molecules) have random arrangement over a short range.
Question 3.
Define isotropy.
Answer:
Question 4.
What is meant by anisotropy?
Answer:
Question 5.
What are molecular solids?
Answer:
Question 6.
What are non – polar molecular solids?
Answer:
Question 7.
What are polar molecular solids?
Answer:
Question 8.
Outline the classification of the point defects.
Answer:
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 54/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 4.
What are covalent solids?
Answer:
Question 5.
Write about simple cubic unit cell.
Answer:
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 55/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 6.
Write about body centred cubic (bcc) unit cell.
Answer:
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 56/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 7.
Sketch face centred cubic (fee) unit cell and calculate the number of
atoms present in it.
Answer:
Question 8.
What is radius ratio in ionic solid? Tabulate the relation between radius
ratio and structural arrangement in ionic solids.
Answer:
The ratio of radius of cation and anion plays an important role in
determining the structure.
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 57/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Radius ratio =
rC +
rA−
Question 1.
What is Bragg’s equation. Using Bragg’s equation how can you
calculate the edge of the unit cell.
Answer:
X – ray diffraction analysis is the most powerful tool for the
determination of crystal structure.
The interplanar distance (d) between two successive planes of atoms
can be calculated using the following Bragg’s equation from ray
diffraction data.
2d sinθ = nλ
λ = wave length of x – ray used for diffraction
θ = angle of di fTraction
n = order of reflection (diffraction)
d = interplanar distance
By knowing the values of θ, λ and n we can calculate the value of d.
nλ
d =
2 sin θ
Using those values the edge of the unit cell can be calculated.
Question 2.
How can you calculate the density of the unit cell of a crystal?
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 58/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Answer:
Using the edge length of a unit cell we can calculate the density of the
crystal by considering a cubic unit cell as follows.
Density of unit cell p = mass of the unit cell
For a cubic unit cell all the edge lengths are equal ie ; a = b = c
Volume of the unit cell = a × a × a = a3. …..5
Substituting 4 and 5 in 1
Density of the unit cell p = nM
3
…..6
a NA
From the values of n, M, a and NA, the density of the unit cell of the
crystal can be calculated.
Question 3.
Calculate the percentage efficiency of packing in case of a simple cubic
crystal.
Answer:
Let us consider a cube with an edge length ‘a’.
Volume of the cube = a × a × a = a3.
Let ‘r’ is the radius of the sphere.
From the figure a = 2r; r = a/2
Volume the sphere (atom)
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 59/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 4.
Calculate the percentage efficiency of packing in case of face centred
cubic crystal.
Answer:
Let us consider a fee crystal.
In ∆ABC AC2 = AB2 + BC2
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 60/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
X. Additional problems
Question 1.
X – ray diffraction studies show that an element crystallises in an fee
unit cell with edge length 360.8pm. If density of the element is
8.92gcm-3 , calculate its atomic mass.
a 360.8pm = 360.8 × 10-12 m
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 61/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 2.
Silver forms ccp lattice and x – ray studies of its crystals show that edge
length of its unit cell is 408.6 pm. If the atomic mass of silver is 107.9 u
calculate its density.
Solution:
Cubic close packing is based on face centred cubic unit cell n = 4
a = 408.6pm = 408.6 × 10-12
m = 408.6 × 10-10 cm
= 4.086 × 10-8 cm
M = 107.9u = 107.9 gmol-1 NA=6.023 × 1023
p=?
p = 10.50 g cm-3
Question 3.
An element with molar mass 27 g mol-1 forms a cubic unit cell with
edge length 405pm. If its density is 2.7 g cm-3, what is the nature of the
cubic unit cell?
Answer:
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 62/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
M = 27 g mol-1
a = 405pm = 405 × 10-12 m = 405 × 10-10cm
= 4.05 × 10-8cm
p = 2.7 gem-3NA = 6.023 × 1023 n =?
Since one unit cell contains 4 atoms it is face centred cubic unit cell.
Question 4.
Niobium crystallises in body centred cubic structure, if its density is
8.55g cm’3 and atomic mass is 93 u calculate its atomic radius,
Answer:
For bcc n = 2 p = 8.55 g cm-3
M = 93 gmol-1 NA = 6.023 × 1023
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 63/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Question 5.
Gold with atomic radius 0.144 nm crystallises in face centred cubic unit
cell. What is the length of a side of the cell?
Answer:
r = 0.144 a = ?
Question 6.
Aluminium crystallises in cubic close packed structure. Its metallic
radius is 125pm. (i) Calculate the edge length of the unit cell, ii) How
many unit cells are there in 1cm3 of aluminium?
Answer:
r = 125pm a = ?
Cubic dose packed structure is based on face centred cubic unit cell.
For fee n =4
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 64/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
In fcc
4 atoms occupy 1 unit cell
2.689 × 1019 atoms occupy 1/4 × 2.689 × 1019 unit cells
=6.723 × 1018 unit cells
1 cm3 of aluminium contains 6.723 × 1018 unit cells
Question 7.
The diffraction of crystal of Barium with x – ray of wave length 2.29Å
gives a first order reflection at 27°81 . What is the distance between the
diffracted planes?
n = 1 λ= 2.29Å
θ = 27°81
d=?
Question 8.
A certain solid crystallises in SC lattices first order x – ray ( λ = 0.154nm)
reflection maximum from a set of (200) planes was observed at 16°61.
Calculate the edge of the unit cell.
Answer:
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 65/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
n = 1 = 0.154 = 16°61, d = ?
Leave a Reply
Search…
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 66/67
4/11/24, 11:56 PM Samacheer Kalvi 12th Chemistry Guide Chapter 6 Solid State – Samacheer Kalvi
Calculadora de Porcentaje
Recent Posts
https://samacheerkalvi.guide/samacheer-kalvi-12th-chemistry-guide-chapter-6/ 67/67