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Primary Care Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing 4th Edition Dunphy Test Bank instant download all chapter
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Chapter 12. Renal Problems
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. A patient is seen in the clinic with a chief complaint of hematuria. To make a differential diagnosis,
which of the following questions should be asked?
a. “Do you have a history of liver disease?”
b. “What medications are you currently taking?”
c. “Have you noticed swelling in your ankles?”
d. All of the above
____ 2. The result of the patient’s 24-hour urine for protein was 4.2 g/day. The clinician should take which
of the following actions?
a. Repeat the test.
b. Refer to a nephrologist.
c. Measure the serum protein.
d. Obtain a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine.
____ 3. A patient is seen complaining of “leaking urine when I sneeze.” Which of the following actions
should the clinician take first?
a. Order a cystometrogram.
b. Obtain a computed tomography scan.
c. Instruct the patient on Kegel exercises.
d. Prescribe imipramine.
____ 4. A patient is seen in the clinic with hematuria confirmed on microscopic examination. The clinician
should inquire about the ingestion of which of these substances that might be the cause of
hematuria?
a. NSAIDs
b. Beets
c. Vitamin A
d. Red meat
____ 5. A 27-year-old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination. She has no
previous history of urinary tract infection (UTI). What are some additional symptoms consistent with
a diagnosis of lower UTI?
a. Back and abdominal pain
b. Fever, chills, costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
c. Blood in urine and frequency
d. Foul-smelling discharge, perineal itch
____ 6. A 30-year-old patient presents with pain on urination. The urine microscopy of unspun urine shows
greater than 10 leukocytes/mL, and a dipstick is positive for nitrites. What is the probable diagnosis?
a. Lower urinary tract infection
b. Chlamydia infection
c. Candidiasis
d. Pyelonephritis
____ 7. A patient presents with CVA tenderness and a several-day history of high fever, chills, and dysuria.
Which of the following diagnoses is most likely given the above information?
a. Pyelonephritis
b. Cystitis
c. Renal calculi
d. Bladder tumor
____ 8. Which of the following information is essential before prescribing Bactrim DS to a 24-year-old
woman with a UTI?
a. Last menstrual period
b. Method of birth control
c. Last unprotected sexual contact
d. All of the above
____ 9. A patient is seen in the office complaining of severe flank pain. The clinician should assess this
patient for which risk factor for kidney stones?
a. Hypertension
b. Constipation
c. Tubal ligation
d. Diabetes
____ 10. A patient is diagnosed with urge incontinence. Before prescribing Detrol XL, the provider should
question the patient about which of these contraindications to this medication?
a. Diarrhea
b. Parkinson’s disease
c. Closed-angle glaucoma
d. Breast cancer
____ 11. A patient is diagnosed with overactive bladder. Which of the following instructions should be given
to this woman?
a. “Limit the amount of water that you drink.”
b. “Eliminate caffeine from your diet.”
c. “Wear panty liners.”
d. All of the above
____ 12. A 34-year-old patient was treated for a UTI and has not responded to antibiotic therapy. Which of
the following actions should be taken next?
a. Send a urine specimen for microscopy and evaluate for fungal colonies.
b. Increase the dose of antibiotic.
c. Order a cytoscopy.
d. Order a different antibiotic.
____ 13. Which of the following are predisposing factors for pyelonephritis?
a. Pregnancy
b. Dehydration
c. Smoking
d. Alkaline urine
____ 14. A 42-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with fever, chills, vomiting, and severe dysuria. She is
diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. How should this patient be managed?
a. 3-day course of oral antibiotics
b. Hospitalization
c. Encourage cranberry juice intake.
d. 6-week course of antibiotics
____ 15. A patient is seen with a sudden onset of flank pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and
diaphoresis. In addition to nephrolithiasis, which of the following should be added to the list of
differential diagnoses?
a. Pancreatitis
b. Peptic ulcer disease
c. Diverticulitis
d. All of the above
____ 16. Which of the following instructions should be given to the patient with nephrolithiasis?
a. Take ibuprofen, 600 mg every 8 hours.
b. Take Tums for stomach upset.
c. Drink more black tea.
d. Increase intake of vegetables, like spinach.
____ 17. Which of the following patients is at risk for developing urinary tract cancer?
a. The 45-year-old woman who is 100 lbs overweight
b. The 78-year-old man who smokes three packs of cigarettes a day
c. The 84-year-old man who worked in the asbestos mines
d. All of the above
____ 18. A patient is seen in the clinic and diagnosed with Stage I renal cancer. The provider should refer the
patient to a nephrologist for which of these treatments?
a. Chemotherapy
b. Nephrectomy
c. Palliative treatment
d. Radiation
____ 19. An 86-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for recurrent hematuria. The provider suspects bladder
cancer. Which of the following data from the history is considered a risk factor for this type of
cancer?
a. History of alcoholism
b. Sedentary lifestyle
c. Obesity
d. 65-year smoking history
____ 20. Which of the following diagnostic tests should be ordered for a patient suspected of having bladder
cancer?
a. Kidneys, ureter, bladder x-ray
b. Cystoscopy with biopsy
c. Magnetic resonance imaging
d. Urine tumor marker (NMP22)
____ 21. A 78-year-old man is diagnosed with Stage D bladder cancer and asks the provider what that means.
Which is the best response?
a. “There is no such thing as Stage D cancer.”
b. “You have cancer that has spread to the surrounding tissue.”
c. “Your cancer has spread to other organs.”
d. “Your cancer can be cured by removing your bladder.”
____ 22. The patient is diagnosed with acute renal failure (ARF). Which of the following data obtained from
the history should alert the provider that this is a case of prerenal azotemia?
a. Recent heat stroke
b. Nephrolithiasis
c. Recent infection where gentamicin was used in treatment
d. All of the above
____ 23. The patient is diagnosed with ARF. Which of the following conditions is the most common cause?
a. Renal calculi
b. Acute tubular necrosis
c. Cardiac failure
d. Acute glomerulonephritis
____ 24. An 82-year-old woman with renal failure is seen in the clinic. The provider should question the
patient about the intake of which of these substances that can cause renal toxicity?
a. Ibuprofen
b. Captopril
c. Losartan
d. All of the above
____ 25. Which of the following clinical manifestations are consistent with a patient in ARF?
a. Pruritis
b. Glycosuria
c. Irritability
d. Hypotension
____ 26. Which of the following examination findings should be expected in a patient with chronic renal
failure (CRF)?
a. Weak, thready pulse
b. Auscultatory crackles
c. Hypotension
d. Pleural friction rub
____ 27. Which of the following tests is most useful in determining renal function in a patient suspected of
CRF?
a. BUN and creatinine
b. Electrolytes
c. Creatinine clearance
d. Urinalysis
____ 28. Which of the following foods should be limited in a patient with CRF?
a. Milk
b. Bananas
c. Soy sauce
d. All of the above
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 1. The urine osmolality is greater than 500 mOsm/L in patients with postrenal ARF.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: B PTS: 1
2. ANS: B PTS: 1
3. ANS: C PTS: 1
4. ANS: A PTS: 1
5. ANS: C PTS: 1
6. ANS: A PTS: 1
7. ANS: A PTS: 1
8. ANS: D PTS: 1
9. ANS: A PTS: 1
10. ANS: C PTS: 1
11. ANS: B PTS: 1
12. ANS: A PTS: 1
13. ANS: A PTS: 1
14. ANS: B PTS: 1
15. ANS: D PTS: 1
16. ANS: A PTS: 1
17. ANS: D PTS: 1
18. ANS: B PTS: 1
19. ANS: D PTS: 1
20. ANS: B PTS: 1
21. ANS: C PTS: 1
22. ANS: A PTS: 1
23. ANS: B PTS: 1
24. ANS: D PTS: 1
25. ANS: A PTS: 1
26. ANS: B PTS: 1
27. ANS: C PTS: 1
28. ANS: D PTS: 1
TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: F PTS: 1
2. ANS: T PTS: 1
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The other half
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Language: English
The iron rails crushed the romance of plains travel. With the airplane
also the crossing of the West, like the crossing of the East, is
business. In the long overland stretches the aviator pays scant
attention to the dead epics that he violates with the drumming blast
of his propeller when he bores through the atmosphere above those
plains where the spirits still dance in little dust whirls that pivot and
career with no breath of wind. But I’ve often wandered what
imploring shades we dislocate when we ride in that half-world ether
which is neither heaven nor earth.
My passenger and I made our first leg without event. Out of
Cheyenne the motor began to buck, and a rudder control jammed
annoyingly. There was only one thing to do. Spiraling and slanting
like a wing-tipped bird we sought a landing place.
The country below, as revealed, was rugged, inhospitable desert—
a bad-lands desert with deeply graven face upturned immutable.
Plunging from high covert as we did, and bursting into full earth-view,
we should have appeared like a prodigy from the nethermost. But no
buffalo rocked in flight, no antelope scoured flashily, no red warriors
hammered their ponies for refuge. I saw, however, far, far away
toward the horizon, the smoke thread of a train, and I read in the
signal a message of derision.
We skimmed above a flattish uplift. Fissures and canyons yawned
for us. My passenger’s voice dinned hollowly into my ear, through
our ’phone.
“A country God forgot. And there’s nothing here. Useless, useless!
We must go on.”
But I had to do it. Passing with a great rush we turned into the
wind, and breasting, fluttering, managed to strike just at the edge of
a flat-top butte or mesa. We bounded, rolled, checked, halted, and
there we were.
My passenger was out first, divested of his safety harness. He
acted like one distraught. Our brief stop near Cheyenne had vexed
him—he had wished to spend either more time there, or less time.
Now this impromptu stop enraged him.
“What a place, what a place!” he stormed. “There’s nothing here;
there can be nothing here. We must get on. I’m wasting time. I paid
to get on, to San Francisco; even Salt Lake. Then I can work back.
But what am I to do here? And I’m growing old. How long will you
be?”
“Not long. And meanwhile,” I retorted, “you’ll not be bothered with
women. You can be thankful for that.”
He snorted.
“Women! No women here; yes. A spot without woman: man and
God. We’ve got to get on. I’ll pay you well to get me on. Do you
hear? To San Francisco—to Salt Lake; some center where I can
look, look, and then work back. I must look again.”
He strode frenziedly. A glance about as I stripped myself of
incumbrances showed me that we were isolated. The mesa dropped
abruptly on all sides; by a running start we might soar from an edge
like a seaplane from the platform of a battleship. And I noted also
that without doubt we should have to depend upon our own
resources, for if this was a country God forgot it moreover seemed to
be a country by man forgotten, granted that man ever before had
known it. All furrowed and washed and castlemented, it was a region
where we might remain pancaked and unremarked, as insignificant
as a beetle.
“The morning the sun rose clear. But Lavelle could not get atop that
mesa again. The cloudburst had sheered away the approaches, like
a hydraulic stream, and washed them down as mud and gravel. The
mesa rose rimrocked and precipitous, like a biscuit to an ant. He
hallooed and got no answer. One horse had broken its tether; he
rode the other to a near-by ridge and gazed across. He could see
the girl lying white and motionless. His hawk eyes told him that she
was dead. So, being a coward in heart, he made off at speed. He
quit the country altogether, changed his name, drifted down into
border Arizona, and was shot at a gambling table in Tombstone
some forty years ago. The girl, you see,” said I, “has been lying here
ever since, the half coin—that half coin of promise in her fingers,
waiting for you and your understanding.”
“But,” he cried fiercely, “you say so. You weave a story. How am I
to know? Where is your proof? Why should I believe? How does it
happen——?”
“Because,” I answered, “these bones and this half coin ‘happen’ to
be here; and you ‘happen’ to be my passenger; and we ‘happen’ to
land together upon this ‘God-forsaken’ spot. And my middle name,”
said I, “‘happens’ to be Lavelle, from the line of my grandfather who
in his private memoirs confessed to a great wrong.”
My old man plumped to his knees; he groped for the half coin. I left
him pressing it to his lips and babbling a name, and I went back to
the plane.
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