DR. GLORIA D. LACSON FOUNDATION COLLEGES INC.

COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. This test booklet contains 100 test questions.
2. Read INSTRUCTIONS TO EXAMINEES Printed on your answer sheet
3. Shade only one (1) box for each on your answer sheets. Two or more boxes shaded will
invalidate your answer.
4. AVOID ERASURES.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
RADIOTHERAPY
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
d. tray transmission factor
1.used to determine scatter from the patient.
a. collimator output factor 10. the dose at DMAX
b. mayeonards factor a. given dose
c. phantom scatter factor b. exit dose
d. inverse square factor c. wedge
d. tray transmission factor
2. Used to determine scatter, measured in air, from the
collimators 11. defines how much of the radiation is transmitted
a. collimator output factor through a block tray.
b. mayeonards factor a. given dose
c. phantom scatter factor b. exit dose
d. inverse square factor c. wedge
d. tray transmission factor
3. (Reference source calibration distance
Treatment SSD + DMAX)2 12. the dose absorbed by a point that is located at the
a. collimator output factor depth of DMAX at the exit of the beam.
b. mayeonards factor a. given dose
c. phantom scatter factor b. exit dose
d. inverse square factor c. wedge
d. tray transmission factor
4. New PDD = PDD x (SSD1 + d / SSD1 + DMAX)2 x
(SSD2 + DMAX / SSD1 + d)2 13. The deeper the reference depth the _____the TPR.
a. collimator output factor a. same amount
b. mayeonards factor b. lower
c. phantom scatter factor c. equal
d. inverse square factor d. greater

5. Patient is set up at a distance beyond the isocenter or 14. the absorbed dose at a given depth in phantom to
reference distance. the absorbed dose at the same point at a reference
a. dose at point depth in phantom.
b. dose rate at that point a. TPR
c. extended distance b. SAR
d. SSD calculation c. BSF
d. TAR
6. the prescribed dose as determined by the doctor
a. dose at point 15. the difference between the TAR for a field of definite
b. dose rate at that point area and that for a zero area.
c. extended distance a. TPR
d. SSD calculation b. SAR
c. BSF
7. represents the dose rate of the treatment unit at the d. TAR
point of calculation
a. dose at point 16. the ratio of the dose rate with a scattering medium to
b. dose rate at that point the dose rate at the same point without a scattering
c. extended distance medium at the level of maximum equilibrium
d. SSD calculation a. TPR
b. SAR
8. Output or dose rate of the machine should be c. BSF
expressed at the depth of DMAX d. TAR
a. dose at point
b. dose rate at that point 17. Calculated using two measurements at the same
c. extended distance point in space
d. SSD calculation a. TPR
b. SAR
9. attenuates the radiation beam progressively across a c. BSF
field d. TAR
a. given dose
b. exit dose 18. the photons that originate in, and fan out from the
c. wedge source.
PREPARED BY: KRISTELLE A. GAMBOA RRT, MSHSA,MSRT
 DR. GLORIA D. LACSON FOUNDATION COLLEGES INC.
COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

a. scatter radiation a.dose rate

b. primary radiation b. monitor unit
c. TAR c.treatment time
d. PDD d. absorbed dose

19. the ratio expressed as a percentage, of the absorbed 29. measured at a specific point in a medium and refers
dose at a given depth to the absorbed dose at a fixed to the energy deposited at that point.
reference depth usually DMAX. a.dose rate
a. scatter radiation b. monitor unit
b. primary radiation c.treatment time
c. TAR d. absorbed dose
d. PDD
30. When the gantry rotates around the patient, the
20. Independent of SSD _____ will continually change.
a. scatter radiation a. SAD
b. primary radiation b. SSD
c. TAR c. Isocenter
d. PDD d. Dmax

21. other parts in the medium interact with the primary 31.. The SAD and the _____are at a fixed distance and
photons. therefore do not change.
a. scatter radiation a. SAD
b. primary radiation b. SSD
c. TAR c. Isocenter
d. PDD d. Dmax

22. device made of acrylic or other phantom material 32. SAD of LINAC
that is placed over an ionization chamber to produce a. 40cm
conditions of electronic equilibrium. b. 100cm
a. build up cap c. 72cm
b. ionization chamber d. 36cm
c. output factor
d. dose rate 33. SAD of Cobalt 60
a. 40cm
23. Commonly measured at the isocenter of the b. 100cm
treatment machine c. 72cm
a. build up cap d. 36cm
b. ionization chamber
c.output factor 34. the field size set inside the patient (size measured on
d.dose rate patients skin will be smaller)
a. SAD
24. the ratio of the dose rate of a given field size to the b. SSD
dose rate of the reference field size c. Isocenter
a. build up cap d. Dmax
b. ionization chamber
c.output factor 35. field size set on the collimator will be the same
d.dose rate measured at the patients skin
a. SAD
25. shuts down machine after predetermined dose has b. SSD
been given c. Isocenter
a. build up cap d. Dmax
b. ionization chamber
c.output factor 36. The ____ of maximum ionization increases as the
d.dose rate energy of the beam increases.
a. PDD
26. a measure of output for linear accelerators. b.depth
a.dose rate c. SSD
b. monitor unit d. SAD
c.treatment time
d. absorbed dose 37. Factors such as field size and distance may also
influence the _____.
27. length of time a unit is physically left on to deliver a a. PDD
measured dose. b.depth
a.dose rate c. SSD
b. monitor unit d. SAD
c.treatment time
d. absorbed dose 38. Dmax of 25 MV
a. 2.5
28. the amount of radiation exposure produced by a b. 3.0
treatment machine c. 3.5
PREPARED BY: KRISTELLE A. GAMBOA RRT, MSHSA,MSRT
 DR. GLORIA D. LACSON FOUNDATION COLLEGES INC.
COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

d. 5.0 d. cyclotron

39.Dmax of 15 MV 49. Particles travel in a circular pattern

a. 2.5 a. Cobalt 60
b. 3.0 b. Van deGraf
c. 3.5 c. betatron
d. 5.0 d. cyclotron

40. 117. Shaped the x-ray beam in its cross sectional 50Half life of Iodine 125
dimension a. 17 days
a. field light b. secondary b. 5.26 years
collimator c. 30 years
c. beam flattening filter d. primary d. 60 days
collimator
51 Half life of Cs 137
41. Outlines the dimensions of the radiation field as it a. 17 days
appears on the patient, allows accurate positioning of b. 5.26 years
the radiation field in relationship to skim marks or other c. 30 years
reference points d. 60 days
a. field light
b. secondary collimator 52 Energy of Cobalt 60
c. beam flattening filter a. 21 kev
d. primary collimator b. 1.25 kev
c. 28kev
42. Designed to limit the maximum field size d. 0.661 kev
a. field light
b. secondary collimator 53 Energy of Cesium 137
c. beam flattening filter a. 21 kev
d. primary collimator b. 1.25 kev
c. 28kev
43. Upper and lower collimator jaws d. 0.661 kev
a. field light
b. secondary collimator 54. Energy of Podium 103
c. beam flattening filter a. 21 kev
d. primary collimator b. 1.25 kev
c. 28kev
44. Thin metal sheets provide electrons with which they d. 0.661 kev
can scatter, expanding the useful size of the beam
a. scattering foil 55. the sources are placed directly in the target tissue of
b. monitor chambers the affected site, such as the prostate or breast.
c. flattening filter a. interstitial
d. treatment couch b. permanent
c. contact
45. Mounted on a rotational axis around the isocenter d. temporary
a. scattering foil
b. monitor chambers
c. flattening filter 56. also known as seed implantation, involves placing
d. treatment couch small LDR radioactive seeds or pellets (about the size of
a grain of rice) in the tumour or treatment site and
46. Electron and photon beams must first be measured leaving them there permanently to gradually decay.
or monitored in order to allow delivery of the prescribed a.instertitial
amount of radiation. b. permanent
a. scattering foil c. contact
b. monitor chambers d. temporary
c. flattening filter
d. treatment couch 57. Dose is delivered over a short period of time and the
sources are removed after the prescribed dose has been
47. Modifies the narrow, non-uniform photon beam at the reached. The specific treatment duration will depend on
isocenter into a clinically useful beam through a many different factors, including the required rate of
combination of attenuation of the center of the beam and dose delivery and the type, size and location of the
scatter into the periphery of the beam cancer.
a. scattering foil a.instertitial
b. monitor chambers b. permanent
c. flattening filter c. contact
d. treatment couch d. temporary

48. The particles travel in a spiral pattern 58. Involves placement of the radiation source in a
a. Cobalt 60 space next to the target tissue.
b. Van deGraf a.instertitial
c. betatron b. permanent
PREPARED BY: KRISTELLE A. GAMBOA RRT, MSHSA,MSRT
 DR. GLORIA D. LACSON FOUNDATION COLLEGES INC.
COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

c. contact 69. Dose variation across the field boarder is a complex

d. temporary function of___, lateral scatter and collimation
a. penumbra
59. Emit radiation at a rate of 0.4–2 Gy/hour. Commonly b. field size
used for cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, c. flattening filter
sarcomas and prostate cancer d. beam quality
a. Low dose rate
b. medium dose rate 70. One of the most important parameters in treatment
c. high dose rate planning.
d. pulse dose rate a. penumbra
b. field size
60. involves short pulses of radiation, typically once an c. flattening filter
hour, to simulate the overall rate and effectiveness of d. beam quality
LDR treatment.
a. Low dose rate 71. Has the greatest influence in determining the shape
b. medium dose rate of isodose curves.
c. high dose rate a. penumbra
d. pulse dose rate b. field size
c. flattening filter
61. when the rate of dose delivery exceeds 12 Gy/h. d. beam quality
a. Low dose rate
b. medium dose rate 72. Is the distance between the source of radiation and
c. high dose rate tumor.
d. pulse dose rate a. single port
b. cross fire technique
62. characterized by a medium rate of dose delivery, c. source tumor distance
ranging between 2-12 Gy/hour. d. tumor distance
a. Low dose rate
b. medium dose rate 73. A machine directs a beam of radiation through the
c. high dose rate skin to the tumor and a small amount of normal
d. pulse dose rate surrounding tissue
a. single port
63. Orthovoltage range b. cross fire technique
a. 10-80 kvp c. source tumor distance
b. 100 – 500 kvp d. tumor distance
c. 60 -35 MV
d. 10 – 50 kvp 74. Therapy allows higher doses of radiation to be given
to the tumor. The surrounding normal tissue receives
64. Sources placed directly into tumor volume less radiation, which lessens the chances of side effects.
a. brachytherapy a. single port
b. LINAC b. cross fire technique
c. teletheraphy c. source tumor distance
d. Van de Graf d. tumor distance

65. Contains the emergency off button that shuts off the 75. A reproduction of an external body shape, usually
power to the treatment unit. taken through the transverse plane of the CA of the
a. The fan control treatment beam.
b. Auxiliary power-distribution system a. contour
c. Modulator cabinet b. Dmax
d. console c. dose calculation
66. As high energy photons are introduced to the patient, d. isocenter
high-speed electrons are ejected from surface and
subsequent layers. 76. The intersection of the axis of rotation of the gantry
a. Isodose chart b. isodose curves and the axis of rotation of the collimator for the treatment
c. PDD unit.
d. Dose build up a. contour
b. Dmax
67. Consists of the family of isodose curves. c. dose calculation
a. Isodose chart d. isocenter
b. isodose curves
c. PDD 77. The treatment planning team has to quantify the
d. Dose build up overall prescribed dose of radiation and determine how
much dose will be delivered over the time frame
68. The depth of a given isodose curve increases with outlined.
beam quality. a. contour
a. True b. Dmax
b. False c. dose calculation
c. probably True d. isocenter
d. probably false

PREPARED BY: KRISTELLE A. GAMBOA RRT, MSHSA,MSRT

 DR. GLORIA D. LACSON FOUNDATION COLLEGES INC.
COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

78. The depth at which electronic equilibrium occurs for

photon beams; the point where dose reaches its
maximum value.
a. contour
b. Dmax
c. dose calculation
d. isocenter

79. The quantity percentage (or simply percent) depth

dose may be defined as the quotient, expressed as a
percentage, of the absorbed dose at any depth d to the
absorbed dose at a fixed reference depth d0, along the
central axis of the beam.
a. PDD
b. Dmax
c. IMRT
d. Isocenter

80. A swelling of a part of the body, generally without

inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue,
whether benign or malignant
a. cancer
b. tumor
c. neoplasm
d. malignant tumor

81. SAD of LINAC

a. 40cm
b. 100cm
c. 72cm
d. 36cm

82. SAD of Cobalt 60

a. 40cm
b. 100cm
c. 72cm
d. 36cm

83. the field size set inside the patient (size measured on
patients skin will be smaller)
a. SAD
b. SSD
c. Isocenter
d. Dmax

84. field size set on the collimator will be the same

measured at the patients skin
a. SAD
b. SSD
c. Isocenter
d. Dmax

85. The ____ of maximum ionization increases as the

energy of the beam increases.
a. PDD
b.depth
c. SSD
d. SAD

PREPARED BY: KRISTELLE A. GAMBOA RRT, MSHSA,MSRT

 DR. GLORIA D. LACSON FOUNDATION COLLEGES INC.
COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY

II. Complete the following statements or identify its relationships. Write your answers on the space provided.

___________ 1. What will happen to the PDD when we increase energy?

____________2. What will happen to the PDD when we increase depth?

____________3. What will happen to the PDD when we increase field size?

____________4. What is the relationship of SDD to PDD?

____________5. What will happen to TAR when we increase energy?

____________6. What will happen to TAR when we increase field size?

____________7. What will happen to TAR when we increase depth?

____________8. What is the relationship of TAR to SSD?

____________9. If we increase reference depth what will happen to TPR?

____________10. Tray factors vary with beam energy- as if energy increases, the effect of the material in the beams path
is ___because of the greater penetrating power of the higher energy.

____________11. What will happen to the energy when we increase the depth of maximum ionization?

____________12. What will happen to the output when we increase field size?

____________13. What will happen to the dose rate if the distance is increases?

____________14. What is the relationship of dose rate to the distance?

____________15. What will happen to the photons if we will increase the collimator opening?

LOTS OF PEOPLE THINK THEY DESERVE SUCCESS AS SOME SORT OF A

RIGHT.
BUT HERE’S THE TRUTH….
SUCCESS IS SOMETHING YOU NEED TO EARN THROUGH EFFORT
-ERIC WORRE
GOOD LUCK AND GOD BLESS!

PREPARED BY: KRISTELLE A. GAMBOA RRT, MSHSA,MSRT