Faculty of Engineering & Technology

B.Tech CSE – 4rd Year 7th Sem [7A9]

203105311-
Information and Network Security Laboratory

PRACTICAL – 1

Aim: Implement Caesar cipher encryption-decryption.

The Caesar cipher is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption
techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the
plaintext is shifted a certain number of places down or up the alphabet.

Caesar Cipher Encryption

For encryption, each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed
number of positions down the alphabet.

Formula for encryption:

E(x) = (x + n) mod 26

where:

 E(x) is the encrypted letter,

 xxx is the position of the plaintext letter in the alphabet (0-indexed, i.e.,
A=0, B=1, ..., Z=25),
 n is the shift amount,
 mod 26 ensures that the result wraps around if it exceeds 25.

Caesar Cipher Decryption

For decryption, each letter in the ciphertext is replaced by a letter some fixed
number of positions up the alphabet.

Formula for decryption:

D(x) = (x − n + 26) mod 26

where:

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 Faculty of Engineering & Technology
B.Tech CSE – 4rd Year 7th Sem [7A9]
203105311-
Information and Network Security Laboratory
 D(x) is the decrypted letter,
 x is the position of the ciphertext letter in the alphabet (0-indexed),
 n is the shift amount,
 +26ensures that the result is positive before applying the modulo
operation.

CODE:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

string caesarEncrypt(const string& plaintext, int shift) {
string encryptedText = "";
for (char c : plaintext) {
if (isalpha(c)) {
char offset = islower(c) ? 'a' : 'A';
char encryptedChar = (c - offset + shift) % 26 + offset;
encryptedText += encryptedChar;
} else {
encryptedText += c; // Non-alphabetic characters are not changed
}
}
return encryptedText;
}

string caesarDecrypt(const string& ciphertext, int shift) {

string decryptedText = "";
for (char c : ciphertext) {

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 Faculty of Engineering & Technology
B.Tech CSE – 4rd Year 7th Sem [7A9]
203105311-
Information and Network Security Laboratory
if (isalpha(c)) {
char offset = islower(c) ? 'a' : 'A';
char decryptedChar = (c - offset - shift + 26) % 26 + offset;
decryptedText += decryptedChar;
} else {
decryptedText += c; // Non-alphabetic characters are not changed
}
}
return decryptedText;
}
int main() {
string plaintext = "Hello, World!";
int shift = 3;
string encrypted = caesarEncrypt(plaintext, shift);
string decrypted = caesarDecrypt(encrypted, shift);

cout << "Plaintext: " << plaintext << endl;

cout << "Encrypted: " << encrypted << endl;
cout << "Decrypted: " << decrypted << endl;
return 0;
}

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