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Preface
xix
PART I: Thinking Sociologically and Doing Sociology
1(90)
Sociology and the Real World
4(28)
How to Read this Chapter
6(26)
What Does Society Look Like?
7(1)
Asking the Big Questions
7(1)
In Relationships: Food and Eating
8(1)
What Is Sociology?
9(1)
On the Job: Famous Sociology Majors
10(2)
Levels of Analysis
12(1)
Micro- and Macrosociology
12(3)
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods
15(1)
The Sociological Perspective
16(1)
The Sociological Imagination
16(1)
Culture Shock
17(1)
Changing the World: Kiva.org and Microloans
18(2)
Beginner's Mind
20(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: Doing Nothing
21(1)
Starting Your Sociological Journey
21(1)
Sociology and Everyday Life
22(1)
Contemporary American Society
22(2)
The United States in Global Perspective
24(2)
Global Perspective: Etiquette Across Cultures
26(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: Cyber Communities
27(1)
The Mass Media and Popular Culture
27(1)
Closing Comments
28(1)
Chapter Summary
29(1)
Questions for Review
30(1)
Suggestions for Further Exploration
30(2)
Sociology's Family Tree: Theories and Theorists
32(32)
How to Read this Chapter
35(29)
What Is Theory?
35(1)
Sociology's Family Tree
36(1)
Sociology's Roots
36(2)
Global Perspective: Eurocentrism and Sociological Theory
38(1)
Classical Sociological Theory
39(4)
Modern Schools of Thought
43(1)
Structural Functionalism
44(1)
In Relationships: Gender, Parenting, and Theory
45(1)
Conflict Theory
46(2)
Changing the World: W.E.B. DuBois: Addressing Racial Inequality in Theory and
Praxis
48(2)
Symbolic Interactionism
50(2)
On the Job: In the Footsteps of Jane Addams
52(3)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: Theories of Celebrity
Gossip
55(2)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: Shopping for Theoretical Perspectives
at Wal-Mart
57(1)
New Theoretical Approaches
58(1)
Feminist Theory
58(1)
Queer Theory
58(1)
Postmodern Theory
58(2)
Closing Comments
60(1)
Chapter Summary
61(1)
Questions for Review
62(1)
Suggestions for Further Exploration
62(2)
Studying Social Life: Sociological Research Methods
64(27)
How to read This Chapter
66(25)
An Overview of Research Methods
66(1)
The Scientific Approach
66(2)
Which Method to Use?
68(2)
Ethnographic Methods
70(1)
Analyzing the Data
71(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages
71(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: Observing and Describing Verbal and
Nonverbal Communication
72(1)
Interviews
73(1)
Analyzing the Data
74(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages
74(1)
Surveys
74(1)
Analyzing the Data
75(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages
76(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: Comparative Media
Usage Patterns
76(1)
Existing Sources
77(1)
Analyzing the Data
78(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages
78(1)
In Relationships: Social Networking Sites as Sources of Data
79(1)
Experimental Methods
80(1)
Analyzing the Data
80(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages
80(1)
Issues in Sociological Research
81(1)
Nonacademic Uses of Research Methods
81(1)
Values, Objectivity, and Reactivity
82(1)
On the Job: Commercial Ethnography
83(1)
Research Ethics
84(1)
Changing the World: Brown vs. the Board of Education
85(1)
Global Perspective: The Nuremberg Code and Research Ethics
86(1)
Closing Comments
87(1)
Chapter Summary
88(1)
Questions for Review
88(1)
Suggestions for Further Exploration
89(2)
PART II: Framing Social Life
91(114)
Cultural Crossroads
94(30)
How to Read this Chapter
96(28)
What is Culture?
96(1)
How Has Culture Been Studied?
97(1)
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
97(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: A Comparison of Religious Services
98(2)
Components of Culture
100(1)
Material Culture
100(1)
Symbolic Culture
101(3)
Values, Norms, and Sanctions
104(1)
Variations in Culture
105(1)
In Relationships: Institutional Values and College Life
106(1)
Dominant Culture
106(1)
Subcultures
107(1)
Countercultures
107(1)
Changing the World: Principles and Practices---Values, Norms, and Laws in Flux
108(2)
Culture Wars
110(1)
Ideal vs. Real Culture
110(1)
High, Low, and Popular Culture
111(2)
Polysemy, Audiences, and Fans
113(1)
The Business of Culture
114(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: Seeing Culture in
Popular Magazines
114(1)
Cultural Change
115(1)
Technological Change
115(1)
Cultural Diffusion and Cultural Leveling
116(1)
Cultural Imperialism
117(1)
American Culture in Perspective
117(1)
On the Job: U.S. Military
118(1)
Global Perspective: The Voice of America: Spreading Propaganda or Democratic
Values?
119(1)
Closing Comments
120(1)
Chapter Summary
120(1)
Questions for Review
121(1)
Suggestions for Further Exploration
122(2)
The Self and Interaction
124(26)
How to Read this Chapter
126(24)
What Is Human Nature?
126(1)
The Nature vs. Nurture Debate
126(1)
The Process of Socialization
126(1)
Social Isolation
127(1)
Theories of the Self
128(1)
Psychoanalytic Theory: Sigmund Freud
128(1)
The Looking-Glass Self: Charles Cooley
129(1)
Mind, Self, and Society: George Herbert Mead
130(1)
Dramaturgy: Erving Goffman
131(2)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: Impression Management in Action
133(1)
Agents of Socialization
134(1)
The Family
135(1)
Schools
135(1)
Peers
135(1)
The Mass Media
136(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: Television as an
Agent of Socialization
137(1)
Changing the World: Sister Pauline Quinn and Training Dogs in Prison
138(1)
Adult Socialization
138(2)
Statuses and Roles
140(1)
In Relationships: NFL vs. Family: Chris and Stefanie Spielman
141(1)
Multiple Roles and Role Conflict
142(1)
Emotions and Personality
142(1)
Global Perspective: Cross-Cultural Responses to Grief
143(1)
On the Job: The Wages of Emotion Work
144(1)
The Social Construction of Emotions
144(1)
New Interactional Contexts
145(2)
Closing Comments
147(1)
Chapter Summary
147(1)
Questions for Review
148(1)
Suggestions for Further Exploration
148(2)
Separate and Together: Life in Groups
150(28)
How to Read this Chapter
152(26)
What Is a Group?
152(1)
Primary and Secondary Groups
152(1)
Social Networks
153(1)
Jobs and Networks
154(1)
Gender and Networks
154(1)
Separate from Groups: Anomie
155(1)
In Relationships: Social Networking Sites: Pros and Cons
156(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: Virtual Communities
and ``Netiquette''
156(2)
Group Dynamics
158(1)
Dyads, Triads, and More
158(1)
In-Groups and Out-Groups
158(1)
Reference Groups
159(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: The 20 Statements Test: Who Am I?
159(2)
Group Cohesion
161(1)
Global Perspective: Group vs. Individual Norms: The Caning of Michael Fay
162(1)
Social Influence (Peer Pressure)
163(1)
Experiments in Conformity
164(2)
Teamwork
166(1)
On the Job: Teamwork and the Tour de France
167(1)
Qualities of Leadership: Power, Authority, and Style
168(1)
Bureaucracy
169(1)
The McDonaldization of Society
170(1)
Responding to Bureaucratic Constraints
171(1)
Changing the World: The Catholic Worker Movement: Rejecting Bureaucracy,
Providing Respite
172(3)
Closing Comments
175(1)
Chapter Summary
175(1)
Questions for Review
176(1)
Suggestions for Further Exploration
176(2)
Deviance
178(27)
How to Read this Chapter
180(25)
Defining Deviance
180(1)
Deviance Across Cultures
180(1)
Body Modification
181(2)
Global Perspective: Delicious or Disgusting? Food, Culture, and Deviance
183(1)
Theories of Deviance
183(1)
Functionalism
183(1)
Conflict Theory
184(1)
Structural Strain Theory
185(1)
Symbolic Interactionism
186(2)
Changing the World: Tuy Sobil and the Tiny Toones of Phnom Penh
188(2)
Stigma and Deviant Identity
190(1)
Passing
190(1)
In-Group Orientation
191(1)
Deviance Avowal and Voluntary Outsiders
191(1)
In Relationships: Forming Friendships in the Face of Stigma
192(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: Personal Stories of AA Members
193(1)
Studying Deviance
193(1)
The Foreground of Deviance: The Emotional Attraction of Doing Bad Deeds
194(1)
Deviance in a New International Context: Cyberbullying
195(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: Norm Breaking on
Television
196(1)
Crime and Punishment
197(1)
Crime and Demographics
197(2)
On the Job: Is ``Cash Register Honesty'' Good Enough?
199(1)
Deterrence and Punishment
200(1)
``Positive'' Deviance?
201(1)
Closing Comments
201(1)
Chapter Summary
202(1)
Questions for Review
203(1)
Suggestions for Further Exploration
203(2)
Part III: Understanding Inequality
205(94)
Social Class: The Structure of Inequality
208(34)
How to Read this Chapter
211(31)
Social Stratification and Social Inequality
211(1)
Systems of Stratification
211(1)
Slavery
211(1)
Caste
212(1)
Social Class
213(1)
Social Classes in the United States
213(1)
The Upper Class
213(1)
The Upper-Middle Class
213(1)
The Middle Class
214(1)
The Working (Lower-Middle) Class
214(1)
The Working Poor and Underclass
215(1)
Problematic Categories
215(1)
Global Perspective: Systems of Stratification Around the World
216(2)
Theories of Social Class
218(1)
Karl Marx
218(1)
Max Weber
218(2)
Pierre Bourdieu
220(1)
Symbolic Interactionism
220(2)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: Class Consciousness
222(1)
Socioeconomic Status and Life Chances
223(1)
Family
223(1)
Health
223(1)
Education
223(1)
Work and Income
224(1)
Criminal Justice
225(1)
In Relationships: Socioeconomic Status and Mate Selection
226(1)
Social Mobility
227(1)
On the Job: Digital Divide
228(1)
Defining Poverty
229(1)
Social Welfare and Welfare Reform
230(2)
The ``Culture of Poverty'' Theory and Its Critics
232(1)
The Invisibility of Poverty
233(3)
Changing the World: Michael Moore's Roger & Me
236(1)
Inequality and the Ideology of the American Dream
237(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: Advertising and the
American Dream
238(1)
Closing Comments
239(1)
Chapter Summary
239(1)
Questions for Review
240(1)
Suggestions for Further Exploration
240(2)
Race and Ethnicity as Lived Experience
242(24)
How to Read this Chapter
244(22)
Defining Race and Ethnicity
244(1)
``Ethnic Options'': Symbolic and Situational Ethnicity
245(1)
Global Perspective: Heritage Tourism: Getting in Touch with Our Roots
246(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: Doing Symbolic Ethnicity
247(1)
What Is a Minority?
248(1)
Racism, Prejudice, and Discrimination
248(2)
Theoretical Approaches to Understanding Race in the United States
250(1)
Race as an Interactional Accomplishment
251(1)
Passing
251(1)
Embodied and Disembodied Identities
252(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: The Politics and
Poetics of Racial Identity
253(1)
In Relationships: ``Jungle Fever'': Interracial Romance, Dating, and Marriage
254(1)
Race, Ethnicity, and Life Chances
255(1)
Family
256(1)
Health
256(1)
Education
256(1)
On the Job: Race in College Admissions
257(1)
Work and Income
258(1)
Criminal Justice
258(1)
Race Relations: Conflict or Cooperation
259(1)
Genocide
259(1)
Population Transfer
259(1)
Changing the World: Stories of Genocide
260(1)
Internal Colonialism and Segregation
260(1)
Assimilation
261(1)
Pluralism
262(1)
Closing Comments
263(1)
Chapter Summary
263(1)
Questions for Review
264(1)
Suggestions for Further Exploration
264(2)
Constructing Gender and Sexuality
266(33)
How to Read this Chapter
268(31)
What Is Sex? What Is Gender
268(1)
Sex
268(1)
Gender
269(1)
Nature and Nurture
269(1)
Essentialist and Constructionist Approaches to Gender Identity
269(1)
Global Perspective: Different Societies, Different Genders
270(1)
Gender Inequality
271(1)
Macro Theoretical Perspectives
272(1)
Interactionist Perspectives
273(1)
Gender Role Socialization
274(1)
Family
274(1)
Schools
274(1)
Peers
275(1)
The Media
275(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: The Fashion Police:
Gender and the Rules of Beauty
276(1)
Sex, Gender and Life Chances
277(1)
Family
277(1)
Health
278(1)
Education
279(1)
Work and Income
279(2)
The Military
281(1)
Criminal Justice
281(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: The Second Shift: Gendered Norms and
Household Labor
282(1)
Gender and Language
283(1)
In Relationships: Hooking Up: Young Women in Peril or Just a New Way to Date?
284(2)
The Women's Movement
286(1)
First Wave
286(1)
Second Wave
287(1)
Third Wave
287(1)
The Men's Movement
288(1)
Male Liberationism
288(1)
Two Marches
288(1)
Sexual Orientation
289(1)
A Sexual Continuum?
290(1)
Homophobia
291(1)
On the Job: ``At-Risk'' Youth and Insights Academy
292(1)
The Mass Media and Homosexual Stereotypes
292(2)
Changing the World: ACT-Up and AIDS Activism
294(1)
Closing Comments
295(1)
Chapter Summary
295(1)
Questions for Review
296(1)
Suggestions for Further Exploration
297(2)
PART IV: Examining Social Institutions as Sites of Everyday Life
299(126)
The Macro-Micro Link in Social Institutions: Politics, Education, and Religion
302(38)
How to Read this Chapter
305(35)
What Is Politics?
305(1)
Political Systems: Government
305(2)
The American Political System
307(1)
Changing the World: Patriotism and Protest
308(2)
Who Rules America?
310(3)
The Media and the Political Process
313(4)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture: The Social
Construction of the Presidency
317(1)
Politics: Linking Micro- and Macrosociology
318(1)
What Is Education?
319(1)
A Brief History of Modern Education
319(1)
Education and the Reproduction of Society
320(1)
Classic Studies of Education
321(1)
The Crisis in Education
322(1)
The Present and Future of Education
323(1)
On the Job: Rookie Teachers
324(4)
Education: Linking Micro- and Macrosociology
328(1)
What Is Religion?
328(1)
Functions and Dysfunctions of Religion
328(1)
Religion in America
329(1)
Data Workshop: Analyzing Everyday Life: Measures of Religiosity
330(1)
Religious Affiliation Trends
331(1)
A Secular Society?
332(1)
In Relationships: Can We Have a Relationship with God?
333(1)
Global Perspective: Thou Shall Not Kill: Religion, Violence, and Terrorism
334(2)
Religion: Linking Micro- and Macrosociology
336(1)
Closing Comments
336(1)
Chapter Summary
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Everybody
knows Joe
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Everybody knows Joe

Author: C. M. Kornbluth

Release date: December 23, 2023 [eBook #72485]

Language: English

Original publication: New York, NY: King-Size Publications, Inc, 1953

Credits: Greg Weeks, Mary Meehan and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVERYBODY

KNOWS JOE ***
everybody knows joe

By C. M. Kornbluth

At least two persons live in each

of us. At least one of them is Joe.

For a young man Cyril

Kornbluth has been around a
long time—at least in the upper
reaches of science fiction and
fantasy writing. His "Little Black
Gag" is already accepted as a
classic, his collaborations with
Judith Merril "Mars Child" and
Frederik Pohl "The Space
Merchants," novels of high
entertainment and worth. We
are delighted to present him in
a little story that should scare
the pants off everybody.
 [Transcriber's Note: This etext was produced from
Fantastic Universe October-November 1953.
Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that
the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]
Joe had quite a day for himself Thursday and as usual I had to tag
along. If I had a right arm to give I'd give it for a day off now and
then. Like on Thursday. On Thursday he really outdid himself.
He woke up in the hotel room and had a shower. He wasn't going to
shave until I told him he looked like a bum. So he shaved and then
he stood for a whole minute admiring his beauty in the mirror,
forgetting whose idea it was in the first place.
So down to the coffee shop for breakfast. A hard-working man needs
a good breakfast. So getting ready for a backbreaking day of copying
references at the library, he had tomato juice, two fried eggs, three
sausages, a sugared doughnut and coffee—with cream and sugar.
He couldn't work that off his pot in a week of ditch-digging under a
July sun, but a hard-working man needs a good breakfast. I was too
disgusted to argue with him. He's hopeless when he smells that
short-order smell of smoking grease, frying bacon and coffee.
He wanted to take a taxi to the library—eight blocks!
"Walk, you jerk!" I told him. He started to mumble about pulling down
six hundred bucks for this week's work and then he must have
thought I was going to mention the high-calorie breakfast. To him
that's hitting below the belt. He thinks he's an unfortunate man with
an affliction—about twenty pounds of it. He walked and arrived at the
library glowing with virtue.

Making out his slip at the newspaper room he blandly put down next
to firm—The Griffin Press, Inc.—when he knew as well as I did that
he was a free lance and hadn't even got a definite assignment from
Griffin.
There's a line on the slip where you put down reason for consulting
files (please be specific). It's a shame to cramp Joe's style to just
one line after you pitch him an essay-type question like that. He
squeezed in, Preparation of article on year in biochemistry for Griffin
Pr. Encyc. 1952 Yrbk., and handed it with a flourish to the librarian.
The librarian, a nice old man, was polite to him, which is usually a
mistake with Joe. After he finished telling the librarian how his
microfilm files ought to be organized and how they ought to switch
from microfilm to microcard and how in spite of everything the New
York Public Library wasn't such a bad place to research, he got down
to work.
He's pretty harmless when he's working—it's one of the things that
keeps me from cutting his throat. With a noon break for apple pie
and coffee he transcribed about a hundred entries onto his cards,
mopping up the year in biochemistry nicely. He swaggered down the
library steps, feeling like Herman Melville after finishing Moby Dick.
"Don't be so smug," I told him. "You still have to write the piece. And
they still have to buy it."
"A detail," he said grandly. "Just journalism. I can do it with my eyes
shut."
Just journalism. Somehow his three months of running copy for the
A.P. before the war has made him an Ed Leahy.
"When are you going to do it with your eyes...?" I began but it wasn't
any use. He began telling me about how Gautama Buddha didn't
break with the world until he was 29 and Mohammed didn't
announce that he was a prophet until he was 30, so why couldn't he
one of these days suddenly bust loose with a new revelation or
something and set the world on its ear? What it boiled down to was
he didn't think he'd write the article tonight.
He postponed his break with the world long enough to have a ham
and cheese on rye and more coffee at an automat and then phoned
Maggie. She was available as usual. She said as usual, "Well then,
why don't you just drop by and we'll spend a quiet evening with some
records?"
As usual he thought that would be fine since he was so beat after a
hard day. As usual I told him, "You're a louse, Joe. You know all she
wants is a husband and you know it isn't going to be you, so why
don't you let go of the girl so she can find somebody who means
business?"
The usual answers rolled out automatically and we got that out of the
way.
Maybe Maggie isn't very bright but she seemed glad to see him.
She's shooting for her Doctorate in sociology at N.Y.U., she does
part-time case work for the city, she has one of those three-room
Greenwich Village apartments with dyed burlap drapes and studio
couches and home-made mobiles. She thinks writing is something
holy and Joe's careful not to tell her different.
They drank some rhine wine and seltzer while Joe talked about the
day's work as though he'd won the Nobel prize for biochemistry. He
got downright brutal about Maggie being mixed up in such an
approximate unquantitative excuse for a science as sociology and
she apologized humbly and eventually he forgave her. Big-hearted
Joe.
But he wasn't so fried that he had to start talking about a man
wanting to settle down—"not this year but maybe next. Thirty's a
dividing point that makes you stop and wonder what you really want
and what you've really got out of life, Maggie darlin'." It was as good
as telling her that she should be a good girl and continue to keep
open house for him and maybe some day ... maybe.
As I said, maybe Maggie isn't very bright. But as I also said,
Thursday was the day Joe picked to outdo himself.
"Joe," she said with this look on her face, "I got a new LP of the
Brahms Serenade Number One. It's on top of the stack. Would you
tell me what you think of it?"
So he put it on and they sat sipping rhine wine and seltzer and he
turned it over and they sat sipping rhine wine and seltzer until both
sides were played. And she kept watching him. Not adoringly.
"Well," she asked with this new look, "what did you think of it?"
He told her, of course. There was some comment on Brahms'
architectonics and his resurrection of the contrapuntal style. Because
he'd sneaked a look at the record's envelope he was able to spend a
couple of minutes on Brahms' debt to Haydn and the young
Beethoven in the fifth movement (allegro, D Major) and the gay
rondo of the—
"Joe," she said, not looking at him. "Joe," she said, "I got that record
at one hell of a discount down the street. It's a wrong pressing.
Somehow the first side is the first half of the Serenade but the
second half is Schumann's Symphonic Studies Opus Thirteen.
Somebody noticed it when they played it in a booth. But I guess you
didn't notice it."
"Get out of this one, braino," I told him.
He got up and said in a strangled voice, "And I thought you were my
friend. I suppose I'll never learn." He walked out.
I suppose he never will.
God help me, I ought to know.
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVERYBODY
KNOWS JOE ***

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