Acknowledgement

IN THE ACOMPLISHMENT OF THE PROJECT SUCESSFULLY, MANY PEOPLE HAVE

BEST OWNED UPON THEIR BLESSINGS AND THE HEART PLEDGED SUPPORT. THIS
TIME I AMUTILIZING TO THANKS ALL THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN CONCERNED
WITH THE PROJECT. PRIMALRLY I WOULD THANK GOD FOR BEING ABLE TO
COMPLETE THIS PROJECT WITH SUCCESS. THEN I WOULD THANK MY PRINCIPAL,
MR. VINOD AND MY PHYSICS TEACHER, MR. PRASHANT SHUKLA VALUABLE,
WHOSE GUIDANCE HAS BEEN THE ONES THAT HELPED ME PATCHTHIS PROJECT.
THEIR SUGGESTIONS ANDINSTRUCTIONS HAVE SERVED AS THE MAJOR
CONTRIBUTIOR TOWARD THE COMPLETION OFTHE PROJECT. LAST BUT NO
LEAST I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY PARENTS AND MY CLASSMATES WHO HELPED
ME A LOT FOR THIS PROJECT
 ABSTRACT
The basic aim of the allotted project is to understand and
acknowledge the significance of the ‘Wheatstone Bridge’ in the
field of electricity and the advancements it unfolded which resulted
in direct or indirect progress in field of science and engineering.
Moreover, it aims at understanding the working of the Wheatstone
Bridge and the mechanism it follows; the project also emphasizes
on the significance of Kirchoff’s Laws as well as Ohm’s law in the
Wheatstone Bridge and its derivation; it also spotlights the efforts
of brilliant scientists and physicists whose constant efforts and
handwork led to the invention of “Wheatstone Bridge”. In the end,
the project discusses about the unignorable importance
Wheatstone bridge plays in the social as well engineering aspects.
It also includes an experimentation with the aim of calculating the
unknown resistance using a Wheatstone Bridge
 INTRODUCTION
A Wheatstone Bridge is an electrical circuit which consists of 4 resistors of which two
are in parallel and 1 galvanometer is connected between them forming a bridge
type structure this bridge is considered balanced when the ratio of the right side of
the bridge is same as the left side of the bridge. When this happens the potential
difference between the bridge (point D and point B) become 0 so no current flows
through the middle galvanometer

Its primary operation in a circuit is its property to

provide extremely accurate measurement. This
characteristic of a Wheatstone Bridge is often
exploited to calculate resistances of various electronic
devices with minimal uncertainties It can also measure
inductance, capacitance, and frequency with the
proper combination and arrangement of inductances
and capacitances in its arms. It is a DC bridge and
requires Direct Current for its working. At the balance
condition the deflection at the center is null if and only if the product of the diagonal
resistances is found to be equal, that is
 Material Required
(i) Five bulbs
(ii) DC source
(iii) Connecting wires
(iv) Switch
 Procedure
1. Connect a wire through the 5 bulbs forming a Wheatstone
bridge
2. Connect the Wheatstone bridge formed to the two ends of a
dc source (battery)
3. Turn on the dc source
4. Screw and unscrew any battery until the bulb in the middle
starts to glow
5. When the all the bulbs are connected, the middle bulb
wouldn't glow proving that the bridge is balanced
 Precautions
1. Make sure that the wires are connected
properly

2. For the Wheatstone bridge to work the bulbs

should be of the same resistance

3. The voltage of the dc source should be

enough to power all the bulbs

4. Make sure the switch is closed

5. Make sure the wire is of uniform cross-

sectional area

6. Make sure short circuiting does not take place

7. Make sure that the emf of the battery remains

same throughout the experiment
 Observation
When the circuit is unbalanced, the middle bulb will start
to glow however when the circuit is balanced the middle
bulb will not show any signs of current flowing through it

Conclusions
At balanced conditions, the middle bulb does not glow which infers that
the net current through the bulb is zero and no circulation of current
through the bulb takes place.

It also infers that the current through the Bulb 3 equals the current
through the bulb 4 and the current through the bulb 1 equals the current
flowing through the bulb 2

Thus, at balanced conditions the unknown resistance of the bulb can be

calculated as the formula

B4=B2.B3/B1
 Real life applications
The Wheatstone bridge is used for the precise
measurement of low resistance.

• Wheatstone bridge and an operational amplifier are

used to measure physical parameters such as
temperature, light, and strain.
• Quantities such as impedance, inductance, and
capacitance can be measured using variations on the
Wheatstone bridge