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Ch. 6 Additional Topics in Trigonometry
6.1 The Law of Sines
1 Use the Law of Sines to Solve Oblique Triangles
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Solve the triangle.

1)
80°
5
45°
A) B = 55°, a = 4.32, c = 6.01 B) B = 55°, a = 6.01, c = 4.32

C) B = 60°, a = 4.32, c = 6.01 D) B = 50°, a = 6.01, c = 4.32
2)
7
35° 125°
A) C = 20°, a = 10, c = 4.17 B) C = 20°, a = 4.17, c = 10

C) C = 25°, a = 10, c = 4.17 D) C = 15°, a = 4.17, c = 10
Solve the triangle. Round lengths to the nearest tenth and angle measures to the nearest degree.
3) B = 54°
C = 107°
b = 22
A) A = 19°, a = 8.9, c = 26 B) A = 17°, a = 26, c = 8.9
C) A = 19°, a = 10.9, c = 28 D) A = 17°, a = 28, c = 10.9
4) A = 49°
B = 43°
a = 31.0
A) C = 88°, b = 28, c = 41.1 B) C = 89°, b = 28, c = 41.1
C) C = 88°, b = 41.1, c = 28 D) C = 89°, b = 41.1, c = 28
5) A = 26°, B = 51°, c = 28
A) C = 103°, a = 12.6, b = 22.3 B) C = 103°, a = 22.3, b = 12.6
C) C = 103°, a = 62.2, b = 35.1 D) C = 97°, a = 12.4, b = 21.9
6) A = 11.2°, C = 131.6°, a = 84.9

A) B = 37.2°, b = 264.3, c = 326.9 B) B = 37.2°, b = 326.9, c = 264.3
C) B = 37.2°, b = 27.3, c = 22.2 D) B = 36.8°, b = 261.8, c = 326.9
Page 1
2 Use the Law of Sines to Solve, if Possible, the Triangle or Triangles in the Ambiguous Case
Two sides and an angle (SSA) of a triangle are given. Determine whether the given measurements produce one
triangle, two triangles, or no triangle at all. Solve each triangle that results. Round lengths to the nearest tenth and
angle measures to the nearest degree.
1) A = 30°, a = 14, b = 28
A) B = 90°, C = 60°, c = 24.2 B) B = 60°, C = 90°, c = 24.2
C) B = 60°, C = 60°, c = 24.2 D) no triangle
2) B = 82°, b = 3, a = 24
A) no triangle B) A = 42°, C = 57°, c = 31
C) A = 41°, C = 57°, c = 27 D) A = 40°, C = 57°, c = 29
3) B = 53°, b = 5, a = 25
A) no triangle B) A = 49°, C = 77°, c = 27
C) A = 51°, C = 75°, c = 30 D) A = 52°, C = 76°, c = 31.5
4) B = 26°, b = 6.7, a = 7.64

A) A1 = 30°, C1 = 124°, c1 = 12.7; B) A = 30°, C = 124°, c = 12.7
A2 = 150°, C2 = 4°, c2 = 1.1
C) A = 150°, C = 4°, c = 1.1 D) no triangle
5) A = 80°, a = 2, b = 6
A) no triangle B) B = 41°, C = 59°, c = 12
C) A = 40°, C = 60°, c = 8 D) B = 39°, C = 61°, c = 10
6) C = 35°, a = 18.7, c = 16.1

A) A1 = 42°, B1 = 103°, b1 = 27.4; B) A1 = 103°, B1 = 42°, b1 = 27.4;
A2 = 138°, B2 = 7°, b2 = 3.4 A2 = 7°, B2 = 138°, b2 = 3.4
C) A = 42°, B = 103°, b = 27.4 D) no triangle
7) B = 41°, a = 4, b = 3
A) A1 = 61°, C1 = 78°, c1 = 4.5; B) A1 = 61°, C1 = 78°, c1 = 0.1;
A2 = 119°, C2 = 20°, c2 = 1.6 A2 = 119°, C2 = 20°, c2 = 0.1
C) A = 29°, C = 110°, c = 5.7 D) no triangle
3 Find the Area of an Oblique Triangle Using the Sine Function
Find the area of the triangle having the given measurements. Round to the nearest square unit.
1) A = 32°, b = 15 inches, c = 9 inches
A) 36 square inches B) 57 square inches C) 34 square inches D) 59 square inches
2) A = 37°, b = 18 meters, c = 11 meters

A) 60 square meters B) 30 square meters C) 120 square meters D) 122 square meters
Page 2
3) C = 100°, a = 3 yards, b = 8 yards
A) 12 square yards B) 24 square yards C) 47 square yards D) 2 square yards
4) B = 20°, a = 4 feet, c = 8 feet

A) 5 square feet B) 11 square feet C) 22 square feet D) 15 square feet
4 Solve Applied Problems Using the Law of Sines
Solve the problem.

1) A surveyor standing 56 meters from the base of a building measures the angle to the top of the building
and finds it to be 36°. The surveyor then measures the angle to the top of the radio tower on the building
and finds that it is 50°. How tall is the radio tower?
A) 26.05 meters B) 9.98 meters C) 9.31 meters D) 13.96 meters
2) Two tracking stations are on the equator 129 miles apart. A weather balloon is located on a bearing of
N39°E from the western station and on a bearing of N23°W from the eastern station. How far is the balloon
from the western station? Round to the nearest mile.
A) 134 miles B) 143 miles C) 114 miles D) 105 miles
3) To find the distance AB across a river, a distance BC of 1176 m is laid off on one side of the river. It is
found that B = 105.0° and C = 14.9°. Find AB. Round to the nearest meter.
A) 349 meters B) 352 meters C) 302 meters D) 299 meters
4) A guy wire to a tower makes a 65° angle with level ground. At a point 38 ft farther from the tower than the
wire but on the same side as the base of the wire, the angle of elevation to the top of the tower is 30°. Find
the length of the wire (to the nearest foot).
A) 33 feet B) 38 feet C) 66 feet D) 71 feet
5 Additional Concepts
Find a. If necessary, round your answer to the nearest hundredth.

1)
45°
36°
61
A) 16.68 B) 7.28 C) 6.22 D) 9.66
Page 3
2)
59° 24°
1.1
A) 0.78 B) 0.52 C) 1.64 D) 2.32
6.2 The Law of Cosines

1 Use the Law of Cosines to Solve Oblique Triangles
Solve the triangle. Round lengths to the nearest tenth and angle measures to the nearest degree.
1)
7 6
9
A) A 51°, B 42°, C = 87°
= = B) A = 42°, B = 51°, C = 87°
C) A = 51°, B = 87°, C = 42° D) A = 42°, B = 87°, C = 51°
2)
9
6
4
=
A) A 127°, B = 32°, C = 21° B) A = 32°, B = 127°, C = 21°
C) A = 127°, B = 21°, C = 32° D) A = 32°, B = 21°, C = 127°
3) a = 6, b = 9, C = 106°
A) c = 12.1, A = 28°, B = 46° B) c = 15, A = 30°, B = 44°
C) c = 17.9, A = 26°, B = 48° D) no triangle
4) a = 5, c = 12, B = 120°
A) b = 15.1, A = 17°, C = 43° B) b = 18, A = 19°, C = 41°
C) b = 20.9, A = 15°, C = 45° D) no triangle
Page 4
5) b = 6, c = 9, A = 127°
A) a = 13.5, B = 21°, C = 32° B) a = 16.4, B = 23°, C = 30°
C) a = 19.3, B = 19°, C = 34° D) no triangle
6) b = 2, c = 4, A = 80°
A) a = 4.1, B = 29°, C = 71° B) a = 4.1, B = 71°, C = 29°
C) a = 5.1, B = 29°, C = 71° D) a = 3.1, B = 71°, C = 29°
7) a = 7, c = 6, B = 90°
A) b = 9.2, A = 50°, C = 40° B) b = 9.2, A = 40°, C = 50°
C) b = 10.2, A = 50°, C = 40° D) b = 8.2, A = 40°, C = 50°
8) a = 8, b = 13, c = 15
A) A = 32°, B = 59°, C = 89° B) A = 34°, B = 57°, C = 89°
C) A = 30°, B = 59°, C = 91° D) no triangle
9) a = 5, b = 5, c = 2
A) A = 78°, B = 78°, C = 24° B) A = 79°, B = 79°, C = 22°
C) A = 24°, B = 78°, C = 78° D) A = 78°, B = 24°, C = 78°
10) a = 9, b = 6, c = 5
A) A = 109°, B = 39°, C = 32° B) A = 39°, B = 109°, C = 32°
C) A = 109°, B = 32°, C = 39° D) A = 39°, B = 32°, C = 109°
2 Solve Applied Problems Using the Law of Cosines
Solve the problem.

1) A plane flying a straight course observes a mountain at a bearing of 34.5° to the right of its course. At that
time the plane is 6 kilometers from the mountain. A short time later, the bearing to the mountain becomes
44.5°. How far is the plane from the mountain when the second bearing is taken (to the nearest tenth of a
km)?
A) 4.8 kilometers B) 7.4 kilometers C) 8.2 kilometers D) 3.2 kilometers
2) Two airplanes leave an airport at the same time, one going northwest (bearing 135°) at 418 mph and the
other going east at 341 mph. How far apart are the planes after 4 hours (to the nearest mile)?
A) 2807 miles B) 702 miles C) 2204 miles D) 2337 miles
3) Two sailboats leave a harbor in the Bahamas at the same time. The first sails at 23 mph in a direction 350°.
The second sails at 33 mph in a direction 200°. Assuming that both boats maintain speed and heading,
after 3 hours, how far apart are the boats?
A) 162.5 miles B) 116 miles C) 129.2 miles D) 113.8 miles
4) Two points A and B are on opposite sides of a building. A surveyor selects a third point C to place a
transit. Point C is 54 feet from point A and 65 feet from point B. The angle ACB is 56°. How far apart are
points A and B?
A) 56.7 feet B) 105.2 feet C) 72 feet D) 95.4 feet
5) The distance from home plate to dead center field in Sun Devil Stadium is 402 feet. A baseball diamond is
a square with a distance from home plate to first base of 90 feet. How far is it from first base to dead center
field?
A) 344.3 feet B) 379.6 feet C) 470 feet D) 327.2 feet
Page 5
6) A painter needs to cover a triangular region 62 meters by 66 meters by 74 meters. A can of paint covers 70
square meters. How many cans will be needed?
A) 28 cans B) 317 cans C) 14 cans D) 3 cans
3 Use Heron's Formula to Find the Area of a Triangle

Use Heron's formula to find the area of the triangle. Round to the nearest square unit.
1) a = 17 yards, b = 20 yards, c = 13 yards
A) 110 square yards B) 113 square yards C) 116 square yards D) 119 square yards
2) a = 10 inches, b = 14 inches, c = 6 inches

A) 26 square inches B) 33 square inches C) 24 square inches D) 35 square inches
3) a = 10 meters, b = 14 meters, c = 6 meters

A) 23 square meters B) 12 square meters C) 46 square meters D) 48 square meters
6.3 Polar Coordinates

1 Plot Points in the Polar Coordinate System
Match the point in polar coordinates with either A, B, C, or D on the graph.

1) (4, 0)
5
A
D C
-5 5
B
-5
A) C B) D C) A D) B
Page 6
π
2) -2, -
2
5
D C
-5 5
-5
A) A B) D C) B D) C
Use a polar coordinate system to plot the point with the given polar coordinates.
3π
3) 4,
4
-5 5
-5
A) B)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
Page 7
C) D)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
-5π
4) -2,
4
-5 5
-5
A) B)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
Page 8
C) D)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
-5π
5) 2,
4
-5 5
-5
A) B)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
Page 9
C) D)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
5π
6) -4,
4
-5 5
-5
A) B)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
Page 10
C) D)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
7) (4, 315°)
5
-5 5
-5
A) B)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
Page 11
C) D)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
8) (-4, 405°)
5
-5 5
-5
A) B)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
Page 12
C) D)
5 5
-5 5 -5 5
-5 -5
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Solve the problem.

π
9) Plot the point 4, and find other polar coordinates (r, θ) of the point for which:
6
(a) r > 0, -2π ≤ θ < 0
(b) r < 0, 0 ≤ θ < 2π
(c) r > 0 2π ≤ θ < 4π
5
-5 5 r
-5
2 Find Multiple Sets of Polar Coordinates for a Given Point

Find another representation, (r, θ), for the point under the given conditions.
π
1) 1, , r > 0 and 2π < θ < 4π
3
7 5 4 2
A) 1, π B) 1, - π C) 1, π D) 1, - π
3 3 3 3
π
2) 6, , r < 0 and 0 < θ < 2π
3
4 2 7 5
A) -6, π B) -6, - π C) -6, π D) -6, - π
3 3 3 3
Page 13
π
3) 5, , r > 0 and -2π < θ < 0
6
11 13 5 7
A) 5, - π B) 5, π C) 5, - π D) 5, π
6 6 6 6
π
4) 3, , r < 0 and 2π < θ < 4π
4
13 11 9 5
A) -3, π B) -3, - π C) -3, π D) -3, π
4 4 4 4
Select the representation that does not change the location of the given point.
5) (9, 50°)
A) (9, 410)° B) (9, 230)° C) (-9, 410)° D) (-9, 140)°
6) (-4, 8π)
A) (4, 7π) B) (-4, 9π) C) (-4, 7π) D) (4, 6π)
3 Convert a Point from Polar to Rectangular Coordinates

Polar coordinates of a point are given. Find the rectangular coordinates of the point.
1) (-2, 180 °)
A) (2, 0) B) (0, 2) C) (-2, 0) D) (0 , -2)
2) (-4, -90°)
A) (0, 4) B) (4 , 0 ) C) (0, -4) D) (-4, 0)
3) (-7, 120°)
7 -7 3 7 -7 3 7 7 3 7 7 3
A) , B) - , C) , D) - ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4) (-3, -135°)
3 2 3 2 3 2 -3 2 -3 2 -3 2 -3 2 3 2
A) , B) , C) , D) ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
5) (5 , -27°)
A) (4.5 , -2.3) B) (-2.3, 4.5) C) (-4.5, 2.3) D) (2.3 , -4.5)
2π
6) 7,
3
7 7 3 7 7 3 7 -7 3 7 -7 3
A) - , B) , C) - , D) ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3π
7) 5,
4
-5 2 5 2 5 2 -5 2 5 2 5 2 -5 2 -5 2
A) , B) , C) , D) ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Page 14
4π
8) 4.1,
9
A) (0.7, 4) B) (4, 0.7) C) (-0.7, -4) D) (-4, -0.7)
4 Convert a Point from Rectangular to Polar Coordinates

The rectangular coordinates of a point are given. Find polar coordinates of the point. Express θ in radians.
1) (11 , -11)
7π 7π 7π π
A) 11 2, B) 11 2, - C) 11, - D) 11,
4 4 4 4
2) (2, -2 3)
5π 5π 11π 11π
A) 4, B) 2, C) 4, D) 2,
3 3 6 6
3) (5 3, 5)
π π π π
A) 10, B) 5, C) 10, D) 5,
6 6 3 3
4) (-1, 0)
π 3π
A) (1, π) B) 1, C) (1, 0) D) 1,
2 2
5) (0, - 3)
A) (- 3, 90°) B) (- 3, 270°) C) (- 3, 180°) D) ( 3, 90°)
6) (-5 2, -5 2)
A) (10, 225°) B) (5 2, 225°) C) (5 2, 135°) D) (10, 135°)
7) (5, -5)
A) (-5 2, 135°) B) (-5 2, 225°) C) (-5 2, 45°) D) (5 2, 135°)
5 Convert an Equation from Rectangular to Polar Coordinates
Convert the rectangular equation to a polar equation that expresses r in terms of θ.

1) x = 4
4 4
A) r = B) r = C) cos θ = 4 D) r = 4
cos θ sin θ
2) y = 9
9 9
A) r = B) r = C) sin θ = 9 D) r = 9
sin θ cos θ
3) x2 + y 2 = 4
A) r = 2 B) r = 4
C) r(cos θ + sin θ) = 2 D) r(cos θ + sin θ) = 4
Page 15
4) 8x - 9y + 1 = 0
-1 -1
A) r = B) r =
(8 cos θ - 9 sin θ) (8 sin θ - 9 cos θ)
C) 8 cos θ - 9 sin θ = -1 D) 8 cos θ - 9 sin θ = 1
5) y 2 = 3x
A) r = 3 cot x cscx B) r = 9 cot x cscx
C) r2(cos θ + sin θ) = 3 D) r = 3 cot2 x
6) (x - 12)2 + y 2 = 144
A) r = 24 cos θ B) r = 24 sin θ C) r2 = 24 cos θ D) r = -24 sin θ + 144
6 Convert an Equation from Polar to Rectangular Coordinates
Convert the polar equation to a rectangular equation.

1) r = 7
A) x2 + y 2 = 49 B) x = 7 C) y 2 = 49 D) y = 7
2π
2) θ =
3
3
A) y = - 3x B) y = x C) y = - 3x2 D) x2 + y 2 = 1
3
3) r cos θ = 9
A) x = 9 B) x2 + y 2 = 9 C) y 2 = 9 D) y = 9
4) r = 8 csc θ
A) y = 8 B) x = 8 C) y 2 = 8 D) x2 + y 2 = 8
5) r = -2 cos θ
A) x + 1 2 + y 2 = 1 B) x = -2 C) x - 1 2 + y 2 = 4 D) x2 + y 2 = 2
6) r = 9 cos θ + 3 sin θ
A) x2 + y 2 = 9x + 3y B) x2 - y 2 = 9x + 3y C) x2 + y 2 = 3x + 9y D) 9x + 3y = 0
7) r2 sin 2θ = 8
A) xy = 4 B) xy = 8 C) y 2 = 8 D) x2 + y 2 = 8
Page 16
7 Solve Apps: Polar Coordinates
Solve the problem.

1) The wind is blowing at 10 knots. Sailboat racers look for a sailing angle to the 10-knot wind that produces
maximum sailing speed. In this application, (r, θ) describes the sailing speed r, in knots, at angle θ to the
10-knot wind. Four points in this 10-knot-wind situation are (6.9, 65°), (7.5, 85°), (7.6, 110°) and
(7.4, 130°). Based on theses points, which sailing angle to the 10-knot wind would you recommend to a
serious sailboat racer? What sailing speed is achieved at this angle?
A) 110°; 7.6 knots B) 130°; 7.4 knots C) 65°; 6.9 knots D) 85°; 7.5 knots
8 Tech: Polar Coordinates

Polar coordinates of a point are given. Use a graphing utility to find the rectangular coordinates of the point to two
decimal places.
2π
1) 2.1, -
9
A) (1.61 , -1.35) B) (-1.35, 1.61 ) C) (1.61 , 1.35) D) (1.35, 1.61)
4π
2) -3.7,
9
A) (-0.64, -3.64) B) (-3.64, -0.64) C) (0.64, 3.64) D) (3.64, 0.64)
Rectangular coordinates of a point are given. Use a graphing utility in radian mode to find polar coordinates of the
point.
3) (3, 4) Express θ to three decimal places.
A) (5, 0.927) B) (5, 0.644) C) (7, 0.644) D) (5, 0.848)
4) (-16, -12) Express θ to three decimal places.

A) (20, -2.498) B) (20, -2.214) C) (28, -2.214) D) (20, -5.356)
5) (3, 6) Express both r and θ to two decimal places.

A) (6.71, 1.11) B) (6.71, - 1.11) C) (6.71, - 4.25) D) (6.71, 4.25)
Convert the polar equation to a rectangular equation. Then determine the graph's slope and y-intercept.
π
1) r sin θ - =5
4
A) y = x + 5 2; slope: 1; y-intercept: 5 2 B) y = x - 5 2; slope: 1; y-intercept: - 5 2
C) y = -x - 5 2; slope: -1; y-intercept: - 5 2 D) y = -x + 5 2; slope: -1; y-intercept: 5 2
π
2) r cos θ + =1
6
A) y = x 3 - 2; slope: 3; y-intercept: -2 B) y = -x 3 - 2; slope: - 3; y-intercept: -2

C) y = x 3 + 2; slope: 3; y-intercept: 2 D) y = -x 3 + 2; slope: - 3; y-intercept: 2
Page 17
6.4 Graphs of Polar Equations
1 Use Point Plotting to Graph Polar Equations
The graph of a polar equation is given. Select the polar equation for the graph.
1)
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) r = 3 B) r = 6 cos θ C) r = 6 sin θ D) r sin θ = 3
2)
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) r = -4 sin θ B) r = -4 cos θ C) r = -2 D) r sin θ = -2
3)
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) r = 4 cos θ B) r = 4 sin θ C) r = 2 D) r sin θ = 2
Page 18
4)
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) r = 2 + sin θ B) r = 4 cos θ C) r = 4 sin θ D) r = 2 + cos θ
5)
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) r = 4 + cos θ B) r = 8 cos θ C) r = 8 sin θ D) r = 4 + sin θ
6)
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) r = 2 cos(2θ) B) r = 2 sin(2θ) C) r = 2 D) r = 2 + cos(2θ)
Page 19
2 Use Symmetry to Graph Polar Equations
Test the equation for symmetry with respect to the given axis, line, or pole.
1) r = -2 cos θ; the polar axis
A) has symmetry with respect to polar axis
B) may or may not have symmetry with respect to polar axis
π
2) r = -4 cos θ; the line θ =
2
π
A) may or may not have symmetry with respect to the line θ =
2
π
B) has symmetry with respect to the line θ =
2
3) r = -4 sin θ; the pole

A) may or may not have symmetry about the pole
B) has symmetry about the pole
4) r = 4 + 4 cos θ; polar axis

A) has symmetry with respect to the polar axis
B) may or may not have symmetry with respect to the polar axis
π
5) r = 4 + 4 cos θ; the line θ =
2
π
A) may or may not have symmetry with respect to the line θ =
2
π
B) has symmetry with respect to the line θ =
2
π
6) r = 6 + 2 sin θ; the line θ =
2
π
A) has symmetry with respect to the line θ =
2
π
B) may or may not have symmetry with respect to the line θ =
2
7) r = 6 + 2 cos θ; the pole

A) may or may not have symmetry about the pole
B) has symmetry about the pole
8) r = 3 - 6 sin θ; the polar axis

A) may or may not have symmetry with respect to the polar axis
B) has symmetry with respect to the polar axis
9) r2 = sin 2θ; the pole

A) has symmetry with respect to the pole
B) may or may not have symmetry with respect to the pole
Page 20
π
10) r = 3 sin 3θ; the line θ =
2
π
A) has symmetry with respect to the line θ =
2
π
B) may or may not have symmetry with respect to the line θ =
2
11) r cos θ = 4 ; the polar axis

A) has symmetry with respect to polar axis
B) may or may not have symmetry with respect to polar axis
Graph the polar equation.

12) r = 4 sin θ
6
5
4
3
2
1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
A) B)
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
C) D)
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
Page 21
13) r = 4 cos θ
6
5
4
3
2
1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
A) B)
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
C) D)
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
Page 22
14) r = 3 + sin θ
6
5
4
3
2
1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
A) B)
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
C) D)
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
Page 23
15) r = 2 + 2cos θ
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) B)
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
C) D)
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
Page 24
16) r = 2 - 2cos θ
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) B)
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
C) D)
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
Page 25
17) r = 2 - cos θ
10
-10 -5 5 10 r
-5
-10
A) B)
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 r -10 -5 5 10 r
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 r -10 -5 5 10 r
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 26
18) r = 3 sin 2θ
6
5
4
3
2
1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
A) B)
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
C) D)
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 r
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
-6 -6
Page 27
19) r2 = 9 cos (2θ)
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) B)
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
C) D)
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
Page 28
20) r cos θ = 4
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
A) B)
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
C) D)
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5r
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
-5 -5
Page 29
3 Solve Apps: Graphs of Polar Equations
Solve the problem.

maximum sailing speed. This situation is now represented by the polar graph in the figure shown below.
Each point (r, θ) on the graph gives the sailing speed, r, in knots, at an angle θ to the 10-knot wind. What
is the speed to the nearest knot, of the sailboat sailing at 30° angle to the wind?
A) 3 knots B) 2 knots C) 4 knots D) 5 knots
maximum sailing speed. This situation is now represented by the polar graph in the figure shown below.
Each point (r, θ) on the graph gives the sailing speed, r, in knots, at an angle θ to the 10-knot wind. What
angle to the wind produces the maximum sailing speed? What is the speed to the nearest knot, of the
sailboat sailing at 90° angle to the wind?
A) 120°; 7 knots B) 90°; 7 knots C) 120°; 8 knots D) 90°; 5 knots
Page 30
4 Tech: Graphs of Polar Equations
Use a graphing utility to graph the polar equation.

1) r = cos 4θ
1
2
-1 1 r
-1 1
2 2
-1
2
-1
A) B)
1 1
1 1
2 2
-1 1 r -1 1 r
-1 1 -1 1
2 2 2 2
-1 -1
2 2
-1 -1
C) D)
1 1
1 1
2 2
-1 1 r -1 1 r
-1 1 -1 1
2 2 2 2
-1 -1
2 2
-1 -1
Page 31
π
2) r = 2 sin θ -
4
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 r
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 r -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 r
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 r -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 r
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 32
1
3) r =
2 - 4 sin θ
r
-2 -1 1 2
-1
-2
A) B)
2 2
1 1
r r
-2 -1 1 2 -2 -1 1 2
-1 -1
-2 -2
C) D)
2 2
1 1
r r
-2 -1 1 2 -2 -1 1 2
-1 -1
-2 -2
Page 33
4) r = sin4 4θ + cos 3θ
r
-2 -1 1 2
-1
-2
A) B)
2 2
1 1
r r
-2 -1 1 2 -2 -1 1 2
-1 -1
-2 -2
C) D)
2 2
1 1
r r
-2 -1 1 2 -2 -1 1 2
-1 -1
-2 -2
3
5) r =
θ
Page 34
A) B)
4 4
2 2
-4 -2 2 4 r -4 -2 2 4 r
-2 -2
-4 -4
C) D)
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 r -8 -4 4 8 r
-4 -4
-8 -8
Page 35
Graph the polar equation.

1) r = 3 cos θ + 4 sin θ
-8 -4 4 8 r
-4
-8
A) B)
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 r -8 -4 4 8 r
-4 -4
-8 -8
C) D)
8 8
4 4
-8 -4 4 8 r -8 -4 4 8 r
-4 -4
-8 -8
Page 36
2) r = 3 - 4 sin 2θ
12
-12 -8 -4 4 8 12 r
-4
-8
-12
A) B)
12 12
8 8
4 4
-12 -8 -4 4 8 12 r -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 r
-4 -4
-8 -8
-12 -12
C) D)
12 12
8 8
4 4
-12 -8 -4 4 8 12 r -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 r
-4 -4
-8 -8
-12 -12
Page 37
3) r = 5 cos2 θ sin θ
-4 -2 2 4 r
-2
-4
A) B)
4 4
2 2
-4 -2 2 4 r -4 -2 2 4 r
-2 -2
-4 -4
C) D)
4 4
2 2
-4 -2 2 4 r -4 -2 2 4 r
-2 -2
-4 -4
Page 38
4) r = 3 sin2 θ cos θ
-4 -2 2 4 r
-2
-4
A) B)
4 4
2 2
-4 -2 2 4 r -4 -2 2 4 r
-2 -2
-4 -4
C) D)
4 4
2 2
-4 -2 2 4 r -4 -2 2 4 r
-2 -2
-4 -4
Page 39
6.5 Complex Numbers in Polar Form; DeMoivre's Theorem
1 Plot Complex Numbers in the Complex Plane
Plot the complex number.

1) 3 + 6i
i
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 40
2) 3i
i
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 41
3) 6
i
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 42
4) -2 + i
i
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 43
5) -6 - i
i
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 44
6) -6 3 - 6i
i
10
-10 -5 5 10 R
-5
-10
A) B)
i i
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 R -10 -5 5 10 R
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
i i
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 R -10 -5 5 10 R
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 45
7) 2 2 - 2 2i
i
10
-10 -5 5 10 R
-5
-10
A) B)
i i
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 R -10 -5 5 10 R
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
i i
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 R -10 -5 5 10 R
-5 -5
-10 -10
Page 46
8) -3 + 6i
10 i
-10 -5 5 R
-5
-10
A) B)
i 10 i
10
5 5
-10 -5 5 R -10 -5 5 R
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
10 i 10 i
5 5
-10 -5 5 R -10 -5 5 R
-5 -5
-10 -10
2 Find the Absolute Value of a Complex Number

Find the absolute value of the complex number.

1) z = 14i
A) 14 B) -14 C) 28 D) 0
2) z = -17
A) 17 B) -17 C) 34 D) 0
3) z = 14 - 11i
A) 317 B) 5 3 C) 3 D) 5
Page 47
4) z = 1 + 9i
A) 82 B) 4i 5 C) 2i 2 D) 10
3 Write Complex Numbers in Polar Form

Write the complex number in polar form. Express the argument in degrees.
1) 6
A) 6(cos 0° + i sin 0°) B) 6(cos 180° + i sin 180°)
C) 6(cos 90° + i sin 90°) D) 6(cos 270° + i sin 270°)
2) 6 i
3) 12 - 16i
A) 20(cos 306.9° + i sin 306.9°) B) 20(cos 126.9° + i sin 126.9°)
C) 20(cos 53.1° + i sin 53.1°) D) 20(cos 233.1° + i sin 233.1°)
Write the complex number in polar form. Express the argument in radians.
4) 2 - 2i
7π 7π 7π 7π
A) 2 2 cos + i sin B) 2 cos + i sin
4 4 4 4
5π 5π 5π 5π
C) 2 2 cos + i sin D) 2 cos + i sin
4 4 4 4
5) - 6 3 - 6i
7π 7π 13π 13π
A) 12 cos + i sin B) 6 3 cos + i sin
6 6 6 6
4π 4π 4π 4π
C) 12 cos + i sin D) 6 3 cos + i sin
3 3 3 3
6) - 5 + 5 3i
2π 2π 5π 5π
A) 10 cos + i sin B) 5 3 cos + i sin
3 3 6 6
5π 5π 2π 2π
C) 10 cos + i sin D) 5 3 cos + i sin
6 6 3 3
4 Convert a Complex Number from Polar to Rectangular Form

Write the complex number in rectangular form.

1) -5(cos 120° + i sin 120°)
5 -5 3 5 -5 3 5 5 3 5 5 3
A) + i B) - + i C) + i D) - + i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2) -3(cos 225° + i sin 225°)

3 2 3 2 3 2 -3 2 -3 2 -3 2 -3 2 3 2
A) + i B) + i C) + i D) + i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Page 48
3) 8(cos 44° + i sin 44°)
A) 5.8 + 5.6i B) 5.6 + 5.8i C) 2 + 2i D) -2 - 2i
4) 13.14(cos 258.3° + i sin 258.3°)

A) -2.7 - 12.9i B) -12.9 - 2.7i C) -0.7 - 3.5i D) 0.7 + 3.5i
2π 2π
5) 3 (cos + i sin )
3 3
3 3 3 3 -3 3 3 3 3 3 -3 3
A) - + i B) - + i C) + i D) + i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3π 3π
6) -9(cos + i sin )
4 4
9 2 -9 2 -9 2 9 2 -9 2 -9 2 9 2 9 2
A) + i B) + i C) + i D) + i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
7) 3(cos π + i sin π)
A) -3 B) -3i C) 3 D) 3i
5 Find Products of Complex Numbers in Polar Form

Find the product of the complex numbers. Leave answer in polar form.
1) z1 = 5(cos 20° + i sin 20°)
z2 = 4(cos 10° + i sin 10°)
C) 9(cos 30° + i sin 30°) D) 9(-cos 200° - i sin 200°)
2) z1 = 5(cos 40° + i sin 40°)

z2 = 2(cos 8° + i sin 8°)
π π
3) z1 = 2 cos + i sin
3 3
π π
z2 = 5 cos + i sin
2 2
5π 5π π π
A) 10 cos + i sin B) 7 cos + i sin
6 6 6 6
5π 5π π π
C) 7 cos + i sin D) 10 cos + i sin
6 6 6 6
Page 49
π π
4) z1 = 8 cos + i sin
6 6
π π
z2 = 3 cos + i sin
2 2
2π 2π π π
A) 24 cos + i sin B) 11 cos + i sin
3 3 12 12
2π 2π 2π 2π
C) 24 sin + i cos D) 11 cos + i sin
3 3 3 3
7π 7π
5) z1 = 3 cos + i sin
4 4
9π 9π
z2 = 6 cos + i sin
4 4
A) 3 2(cos 0 + i sin 0) B) 3 2(sin 0 + i cos 0)
5π 5π 5π 5π
C) 3 2 cos + i sin D) 3 2 sin + i cos
4 4 4 4
3π 3π
6) z1 = 6 cos + i sin
2 2
5π 5π
z2 = 12 cos + i sin
6 6
π π π π π π π π
A) 72 cos + i sin B) 18 cos + i sin C) 72 cos - i sin D) 18 cos - i sin
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
7) z1 = 4i
z2 = -6 + 6i
5π 5π 5π 5π
A) 24 2 cos + i sin B) 24 2 sin + i cos
4 4 4 4
3π 3π 3π 3π
C) 24 2 cos + i sin D) 24 2 sin + i cos
8 8 8 8
8) z1 = 2 + 2i
z2 = 3 - i
π π 23π 23π
A) 4 2 cos + i sin B) 4 2 cos + i sin
12 12 12 12
π π 23π 23π
C) 4 cos + i sin D) 4 cos + i sin
12 12 12 12
Page 50
6 Find Quotients of Complex Numbers in Polar Form
z1
Find the quotient of the complex numbers. Leave answer in polar form.
z2
1) z1 = 32(cos 30° + i sin 30°)
z2 = 4(cos 18° + i sin 18°)
5 5
C) 28 cos ° + i sin ° D) 28(cos 12° - i sin 12°)
3 3
2) z1 = 5(cos 200° + i sin 200°)

z2 = 4(cos 50° + i sin 50°)
5 5
A) (cos 150° + i sin 150°) B) (cos 250° + i sin 250°)
4 4
5 5
C) (cos 150° - i sin 150°) D) (sin 150° + i cos 150°)
4 4
1 2π 2π
3) z1 = cos + i sin
4 3 3
1 π π
z2 = cos + i sin
5 4 4
5 5π 5π 1 11π 11π
A) cos + i sin B) cos + i sin
4 12 12 20 12 12
5 8 8 4 5π 5π
C) cos + i sin D) cos - + i sin -
4 3 3 5 12 12
π π
4) z1 = 8 cos + i sin
2 2
π π
z2 = 3 cos + i sin
6 6
8 π π 8 2π 2π
3 3 3 3 3 3
8 π π 8 π π
C) cos - i sin D) sin + i cos
3 3 3 3 3 3
7π 7π
5) z1 = 3 cos + i sin
4 4
9π 9π
z2 = 6 cos + i sin
4 4
2 3π 3π 2 3π 3π
A) cos + i sin B) cos - i sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3π 3π 2 π π
C) sin + i cos D) cos + i sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
Page 51
3π 3π
6) z1 = 6 cos + i sin
2 2
5π 5π
z2 = 12 cos + i sin
6 6
1 2π 2π 1 2π 2π
A) cos + i sin B) cos - i sin
2 3 3 2 3 3
1 4π 4π 1 4π 4π
C) cos - i sin D) cos + i sin
2 3 3 2 3 3
7) z1 = 4i
z2 = -6 + 6i
2 7π 7π 2 π π
3 4 4 3 4 4
2 7π 7π 2 π π
C) cos - i sin D) cos - i sin
3 4 4 3 4 4
7 Find Powers of Complex Numbers in Polar Form

Use DeMoivre's Theorem to find the indicated power of the complex number. Write the answer in rectangular form.
1) (cos 30° + i sin 30°)6
A) -1 B) 1 C) i D) -i
2) 2(cos 15° + i sin 15°) 4

A) 8 + 8 3i B) 8 + 8i C) 8 3 + 8i D) 16i
7π 7π 5
3) 2 2 (cos + i sin )
4 4
A) -128 + 128i B) -64 + 64i C) - 2 + 2i D) -64 2 + 64 2i
3π 3π 3
4) 10 (cos + i sin )
4 4
A) -500 2 + 500 2i B) 50 2 + 50 2i C) 15 2 + 15 2i D) 5 2 + 5 2i
5) (-2 + 2i 3)3
A) 64 B) 8 C) -2 + 2i 3 D) 8 + 6i 3
6) (1 - i)10
A) -32i B) 32 C) 32 - 32i D) -32 + 32i
7) (1 + i)20
A) -1024 B) 1024i C) -1024i D) 1024
8) (- 3 + i)6
A) -64 B) 64i C) -64 3 + 64i D) 64 - 64 3i
Page 52
8 Find Roots of Complex Numbers in Polar Form
Find all the complex roots. Write the answer in the indicated form.
1) The complex square roots of 144(cos 210° + i sin 210°) (polar form)
A) 12(cos 105° + i sin 105°), 12(cos 285° + i sin 285°)
B) 12(cos 210° + i sin 210°), 12(cos 195° + i sin 195°)
C) 12(cos 105° + i sin 105°), 195(cos 285° + i sin 285°)
D) 12(cos 210° + i sin 210°), -12(cos 195° + i sin 195°)
2) The complex cube roots of 8(cos 198° + i sin 198°) (polar form)
A) 2(cos 66° + i sin 66°), 2(cos186° + i sin 186°), 2(cos 306° + i sin 306°)
B) 2(cos 66° + i sin 66°), 2(cos 106° + i sin 106°), 2(cos 146° + i sin 146°)
C) -2(cos 66° + i sin 66°), 2(cos 186° + i sin 186°), -2(cos 306° + i sin 306°)
D) -2(cos 66° + i sin 66°), 2(cos 106° + i sin 106°), -2(cos 146° + i sin 146°)
2π 2π
3) The complex square roots of 2 (cos + i sin ) (rectangular form)
3 3
2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6
A) + i, - - i B) - i, - + i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C) 6 + 2i, - 6 - 2i D) 6 - 2i, -6 - 2i
4) The complex cube roots of 8 (rectangular form)

A) 2, -1 + 3i, -1 - 3i B) 2, 1 + 3i, 1 - 3i
C) 2, 1 + 3i, -1 - 3i D) 2, -1 - 3i, 1 - 3i
5) The complex cube roots of -8 (rectangular form)

A) -2, 1 + 3i, 1 - 3i B) -2, -1 + 3i, -1 - 3i
C) -2, 1 + 3i, -1 - 3i D) -2, -1 - 3i, 1 - 3i
6) The complex cube roots of 8i (rectangular form)

A) -2i, 3 + i, - 3 + i B) -2i, - 3 - i, 3 - i C) 2i, 3 - i, - 3 - i D) 2i, 3 + i, - 3 + i
7) The complex cube roots of -8i (rectangular form)

A) 2i, - 3 - i, 3 - i B) 2i, - 3 + i, - 3 + i
C) -2i, 3 - i, 3 - i D) -2i, 3 + i, 3 + i
8) The complex square roots of i (rectangular form)

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A) + i, - - i B) - i, - + i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
C) -1, 1 D) -i, i
9) The complex fourth roots of -16 (rectangular form)

A) 2 + 2i, 2 - 2i, - 2 + 2i, - 2 - 2i
B) 1 + i, 1 - i, -1 + i, -1 - i
C) 2 + i, 2 - i, -2 + i, -2 - i
D) 8 2 + 8 2i, 8 2 - 8 2i, -8 2 + 8 2i, -8 2 - 8 2i
Page 53
10) The complex square roots of 4 + 4 3i (rectangular form)
A) 6 + 2i, - 6 - 2i B) 6 - 2i, - 6 + 2i
2 6 2 6
C) + i, - - i D) - 6 - 2i, 6 - 2i
2 2 2 2
9 Solve Apps: Complex Numbers

Use the result eiθ = cos θ + i sin θ to plot the complex number.
1) 2e(πi)/2
i
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 54
2) 4e(πi)/2
i
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2
-4
-6
A) B)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) D)
i i
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 R
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Solve the equation in the complex number system.

1) x3 - 1 = 0
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
A) 1, - + i, - - i B) 1, + i, - + i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 3 1 3
C) 1, - i, - - i D) -1, 1
2 2 2 2
Page 55
2) x5 - 1 = 0
A) 1, cos(72°)+ i sin(72°), cos(144°) + i sin(144°), cos(216°) + i sin(216°), cos(288°) + i sin(288°)
B) -1, cos(72°)+ i sin(72°), cos(144°) + i sin(144°), cos(216°) + i sin(216°), cos(288°) + i sin(288°)
C) 1, cos(72°) + i sin(72°), cos(144°) + i sin(144°), cos(216°) + i sin(216°),-1
D) 1, cos(36°) + i sin(36°), cos(108°) + i sin(108°), cos(180°)+ i sin(180°), cos(252°) + i sin(252°)
3) x7 - 1 = 0
A) 1, cos(51.4°) + i sin(51.4°), cos(102.9°) + i sin(102.9°), cos(154.3°) + i sin(154.3°), cos(205.7°) + i
sin(205.7°), cos(257.1°) + i sin(257.1°), cos(308.6°) + i sin(308.6°)
B) 1, cos(25.7°) + i sin(25.7°), cos(51.4°) + i sin(51.4°), cos(77.1°) + i sin(77.1°), cos(102.9°) + i sin(102.9°),
cos(128.6°) + i sin(128.6°), cos(154.3°) + i sin(154.3°)
C) 1, cos(51.4°) + i sin(51.4°), cos(102.9°) + i sin(102.9°), cos(154.3°) + i sin(154.3°), cos(205.7°) + i
sin(205.7°), cos(257.1°) + i sin(257.1°), cos(308.6°) + i sin(308.6°), -1
D) -1, cos(25.7°) + i sin(25.7°), cos(51.4°) + i sin(51.4°), cos(77.1°) + i sin(77.1°), cos(102.9°) + i sin(102.9°),
cos(128.6°) + i sin(128.6°), cos(154.3°) + i sin(154.3°)
4) x3 = -64i
A) 4(cos 90° + i sin 90°), 4(cos 210° + i sin 210°), 4(cos 330° + i sin 330°)
B) 4(cos 210° + i sin 210°), 4(cos 270° + i sin 270°), 4(cos 330° + i sin 330°)
C) 4(cos 30° + i sin 30°), 4(cos 60° + i sin 60°), 4(cos 90° + i sin 90°)
D) 4(cos90° + i sin 90°), 4(cos 180° + i sin180°), 4(cos 270° + i sin 270°)
5) x3 - 64i = 0
A) 4(cos 30° + i sin 30°), 4(cos 150° + i sin 150°), 4(cos 270° + i sin 270°)
B) 4(cos 0° + i sin 0°), 4(cos 120° + i sin 120°), 4(cos 240 + i sin 240°)
C) 4(cos 60° + i sin 60°), 4(cos 180° + i sin 180°), 4(cos 300° + i sin 300°)
D) 1, -1, -i
6) x3 - (-6 3 + 6i) = 0
3 3 3
A) 12(cos 50° + i sin 50°), 12 (cos 170° + i sin 170°), 12 (cos 290° + i sin 290°)
3 3 3
B) 6 (cos 70° + i sin 70°), 6 (cos 190° + i sin 190°), 6 (cos 310° + i sin 310°)
3 3 3
C) 12 (cos 50° + i sin 50°), 12 (cos 170° + i sin 170°), 12 (cos 270° + i sin 270°)
D) 6 (cos 70° + i sin 70°), 6(cos 190° + i sin 190°), 6 (cos 310° + i sin 310°)
6.6 Vectors
1 Use Magnitude and Direction to Show Vectors are Equal
Solve the problem.

1) Let vector u have initial point P1 = (0, 2) and terminal point P2 = (-5, 4). Let vector v have initial point
Q1 = (3, 0) and terminal point Q2 = (-2, 2). u and v have the same direction. Find u and v . Is u = v?
A) u = 29, v = 29; yes B) u = 29, v = 29; no
C) u = 7, v = 7; yes D) u = 7, v = 7; no
Page 56
2 Visualize Scalar Multiplication, Vector Addition, and Vector Subtraction as Geometric Vectors
Use the vectors v, u, w, and z to draw the indicated vector.
1) 3w
A) B)
C) D)
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2) -2v
A) B)
C) D)
1
3) - u
2
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A) B)
C) D)
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4) u + z
A) B)
C) D)
Page 60
5) v - w
A) B)
C) D)
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6) z - v
A) B)
C) D)
Page 62
3 Represent Vectors in the Rectangular Coordinate System
Sketch the vector as a position vector and find its magnitude.

1) v = 9i + 12j
y
12
-12 -8 -4 4 8 12 x
-4
-8
-12
A) v = 15 B) v = 225
y y
12 12
8 8
4 4
-12 -8 -4 4 8 12 x -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
-12 -12
C) v = 21 D) v = 15
y y
12 12
8 8
4 4
-12 -8 -4 4 8 12 x -12 -8 -4 4 8 12 x
-4 -4
-8 -8
-12 -12
Page 63
2) v = -5i + 3j
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) v = 34 B) v = 2 2
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) v = 8 D) v = -2
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
Page 64
3) v = 3i - 4j
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) v = 5 B) v = 7
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
C) v = 7 D) v = -1
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
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4) v = -i - j
y
-2 -1 1 2 x
-1
-2
A) v = 2 B) v = 2
y y
2 2
1 1
-2 -1 1 2 x -2 -1 1 2 x
-1 -1
-2 -2
C) v = 0 D) v = 1
y y
2 2
1 1
-2 -1 1 2 x -2 -1 1 2 x
-1 -1
-2 -2
Let v be the vector from initial point P1 to terminal point P2. Write v in terms of i and j.
5) P1 = (-4, -3); P2 = (5, 3)
A) v = 9i + 6j B) v = 6i + 9j C) v = 8i + 7j D) v = 7i + 8j
6) P1 = (0, 0); P2 = (-5, 3)

A) v = -5i + 3j B) v = 3 i + 3j C) v = 5 i - 3j D) v = -3i + 5j
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7) P1 = (6, 3); P2 = (-2, -2)
A) v = -8i - 5j B) v = -5i - 8j C) v = 8i + 5j D) v = 5i + 8j
8) P1 = (5, 1); P2 = (-3, 1)

A) v = -8i B) v = - 8j C) v = 8i D) v = 8j
4 Perform Operations with Vectors in Terms of i and j

Find the specified vector or scalar.

1) u = 12i - 3j, v = -3i + 8j; Find u + v.
A) 9i + 5j B) 8i + 5j C) 15i + 8j D) -15i + 5j
2) u = 3 i - 2j, v = -9i + 7j; Find u - v.

A) 12 i - 9j B) -6i + 5j C) 11 i + 5j D) 10 i + 5j
3) v = 6i + 2j; Find 4v.

A) 24i + 8j B) 24i + 2j C) 10i + 6j D) 10i + 2j
4) v = -7i + 3j; Find 10v .

A) 10 58 B) 20 10 C) 20i 10 D) -10 58
5) u = -8i + 1j and v = 10i + 1j; Find u + v .

A) 2 2 B) 18 C) 166 D) 5 5
6) u = -5i + 2j and v = 10i + 23j; Find v - u .

A) 3 74 B) 4 74 C) 3 75 D) 74
5 Find the Unit Vector in the Direction of v

Find the unit vector that has the same direction as the vector v.
1) v = 8i
1
A) u = i B) u = 8i C) u = 64i D) u = i
8
2) v = -7j
1
A) u = -j B) u = -7j C) u = 49j D) u = - j
7
3) v = -4i - 3j
4 3 3 4 5 5
A) u = - i - j B) u = -20i - 15j C) u = i + j D) u = - i- j
5 5 5 5 4 3
4) v = 5i + 12j
5 12 12 5 13 13
A) u = i + j B) u = 65i + 156j C) u = - i- j D) u = i+ j
13 13 13 13 5 12
Page 67
5) v = -3i + j
-3 1 -3 1 10
A) u = i+ j B) u = -3 10i + 10j C) u = i+ j D) u = i + 10j
10 10 11 11 -3
6 Write a Vector in Terms of Its Magnitude and Direction

Write the vector v in terms of i and j whose magnitude v and direction angle θ are given.
1) v = 10, θ = 120°
A) v = -5i + 5 3j B) v = 5 3i - 5j C) v = -5 2i + 5 2j D) v = 5i - 5 3j
2) v = 7, θ = 225°
7 2 7 2 7 3 7 7 7 3 7 2 7 2
A) v = - i- j B) v = - i- j C) v = - i- j D) v = i+ j
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3) v = 8, θ = 30°
A) v = 4 3i + 4j B) v = 4i + 4 3j C) v = 4 2i + 4 2j D) v = -4 3i + 4j
4) v = 6, θ = 270°
2 2
A) v = -6j B) v = -6i C) v = 6 i- j D) v = -6i - 6j
2 2
5) v = 6, θ = 180°
A) v = -6i B) v = -6j C) v = 6j D) v = -6i - 6j
7 Solve Applied Problems Involving Vectors

Solve the problem.

1) A child throws a ball with a speed of 5 feet per second at an angle of 54° with the horizontal. Express the
vector described in terms of i and j. If exact values are not possible, round components to 3 decimals.
A) 2.939i + 4.045j B) 4.045i + 2.939j C) -2.939i + 4.045j D) 4.045i - 2.939j
2) The magnitude and direction of two forces acting on an object are 35 pounds, N45°E, and 55 pounds,
S30°E, respectively. Find the magnitude, to the nearest hundredth of a pound, and the direction angle, to
the nearest tenth of a degree, of the resultant force.
A) F = 57.04; θ = -23.6° B) F = 65.19; θ = -7.5°
C) F = 43.30; θ = 2.7° D) F = 49.17; θ = -11.3°
3) Two forces, F 1 and F 2, of magnitude 60 and 70 pounds, respectively, act on an object. The direction of F 1
is N40°E and the direction of F 2 is N40°W. Find the magnitude and the direction angle of the resultant
force. Express the direction angle to the nearest tenth of a degree.
A) F = 99.37; θ = 93.7° B) F = 92.20; θ = 89.4°
C) F = 92.20; θ = 80° D) F = 94.63; θ = 87.2°
4) One rope pulls a barge directly east with a force of 67 newtons, and another rope pulls the barge directly
north with a force of 54 newtons. Find the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the barge.
A) 86 newtons B) 121 newtons C) 3618 newtons D) 13 newtons
Page 68
5) An aircraft going from Atlanta to Savannah on a heading of 105° (from north) is travelling at a speed of
530 miles per hour. The wind is out of the north at a speed of 23 miles per hour. Find the actual speed and
direction of the aircraft.
A) 536 miles per hour; 107° from north B) 525 miles per hour; 107° from north
C) 528 miles per hour; 107° from north D) 746 miles per hour; 107° from north
6) A power boat in still water maintains a speed of 45 miles per hour. The boat heads directly across a river
perpendicular to the current which has a speed of 8 miles per hour. Find the actual speed and direction of
the boat.
A) 46 miles per hour; 10° off course B) 45 miles per hour; 10° off course
C) 22 miles per hour; 21° off course D) 17 miles per hour; 28° off course
Perform the indicated operation.

1) u = 2i + j, v = -7i - 3j, w = i - 8j; Find v - (u - w).
A) -8i - 12j B) -10i + 4j C) -8i + 12j D) -4i - 10j
Find the magnitude v and direction angle θ, to the nearest tenth of a degree, for the given vector v.
2) v = -3i - 4j
A) 5; 233.1° B) 5; 53.1° C) 5; 216.9° D) 7; 233.1°
3) v = -5i + 12j
A) 13; 112.6° B) 13; 67.4° C) 15; 112.6° D) 13; 157.4°
6.7 The Dot Product

1 Find the Dot Product of Two Vectors
Use the given vectors to find the specified scalar.

1) u = 13 i - 13j and v = -15i + 4j; Find u · v.
A) -247 B) -143 C) -195 D) -52
2) u = -14i + 5j and v = 10i - 8j; Find u · v.

A) -180 B) -100 C) -140 D) -40
3) v = -6i - 10j; Find v · v.

A) 136 B) 256 C) 120 D) 3600
4) u = 9i - 6j, v = -8i - 9j, w = -10i + 5j; Find u · (v + w).

A) -138 B) 72 C) -18 D) -120
5) u = -5i + 3j, v = 6i - 6j, w = -3i + 12j; Find u · w + v · w.

A) -39 B) -34 C) -43 D) -32
6) u = -6i - 3j, v = 6i + 4j; Find (-2u) · v.

A) 96 B) 84 C) 38 D) -2
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2 Find the Angle Between Two Vectors
Find the angle between the given vectors. Round to the nearest tenth of a degree.
1) u = -3i + 4j, v = 7i + 5j
A) 125.5° B) 135.5° C) 62.8° D) 52.8°
2) u = i - j, v = 4i + 6j
A) 101.3° B) 11.3° C) 106.1° D) -11.3°
3) u = -i + 3j, v = 4i - 2j
A) 135° B) 0.7° C) 83.6° D) 45°
4) u = 2j, v = 9i - 4j
A) 114° B) -24° C) 144.3° D) 78.3°
3 Use the Dot Product to Determine if Two Vectors are Orthogonal

Use the dot product to determine whether the vectors are parallel, orthogonal, or neither.
1) v = 4i + j, w = i - 4j
A) orthogonal B) parallel C) neither
2) v = 3i + 2j, w = 2i - 3j
3) v = 4i - j, w = 8i - 2j
A) parallel B) orthogonal C) neither
4) v = 2i + 4j, w = 4i + 8j
5) v = 3i + 4j, w = 3i - 2j
6) v = i + 2j, w = i - 3j
7) v = 4i, w = -3i
8) v = 2j, w = 4i
4 Find the Projection of a Vector onto Another Vector
Find projwv.
1) v = i - 3j; w = 5i + 12j
155 372 155 372 31 186 31 93
A) - i- j B) - i- j C) - i- j D) - i+ j
169 169 13 13 2 5 10 10
Page 70
2) v = 2i + 3j; w = 8i - 6j
1 8 4 4
A) - (4i - 3j) B) - (i - 6j) C) - (i - 3j) D) - (i - 6j)
25 5 13 325
3) v = 3i + 2j; w = -3i + j
7 1 7 27
A) - (-3i + j) B) (-3i + j) C) - (-3i + j) D) (-3i + j)
10 10 9 10
5 Express a Vector as the Sum of Two Orthogonal Vectors
Decompose v into two vectors v1 and v2, where v1 is parallel to w and v2 is orthogonal to w.
1) v = i + 9j, w = i + j
11 9 7
A) v1 = 5(i + j), v2 = -4i + 4j B) v1 = (i + j), v2 = - i + j
2 2 2
C) v1 = 5(i + j), v2 = 4i - 4j D) v1 = 10(i + j), v2 = -8i + 8j
2) v = i + 4j, w = -3i + j
1 13 39 1 9 39
A) v1 = (-3i + j), v2 = i + j B) v1 = (-3i + j), v2 = i + j
10 10 10 10 10 10
1 4 35 1 11 47
C) v1 = (-3i + j), v2 = i + j D) v1 = (-3i + j), v2 = - i + j
9 3 9 10 10 10
3) v = -2i - 3j, w = -2i + j

1 8 16 1 11
A) v1 = (-2i + j), v2 = - i - j B) v1 = (-2i + j), v2 = - i - 2j
5 5 5 5 5
1 3 13 1 4 22
C) v1 = (-2i + j), v2 = - i - j D) v1 = (-2i + j), v2 = i - j
4 2 4 5 5 5
4) v = 3 i + 2j, w = 3 i + j
11 3 9 11 23 13
A) v1 = (3i + j), v2 = - i + j B) v1 = (3i + j), v2 = i + j
10 10 10 10 10 10
11 2 11 11 9 13
C) v1 = (3i + j), v2 = i + j D) v1 = (3i + j), v2 = i + j
9 3 9 10 10 10
6 Compute Work
Solve the problem.

1) A person is pulling a freight cart with a force of 49 pounds. How much work is done in moving the cart 30
feet if the cart's handle makes an angle of 32° with the ground?
A) 1246.6 ft-lb B) 779 ft-lb C) 77.9 ft-lb D) 1309.8 ft-lb
2) Find the work done by a force of 2 pounds acting in the direction of 35° to the horizontal in moving an
object 10 feet from (0, 0) to (10, 0).
A) 16.4 ft-lb B) 11.5 ft-lb C) 32.8 ft-lb D) 17.3 ft-lb
Page 71
3) A force is given by the vector F = 4i + 2j. The force moves an object along a straight line from the point
(10, 5) to the point (12, 14). Find the work done if the distance is measured in feet and the force is
measured in pounds.
A) 26 ft-lb B) -10 ft-lb C) -26 ft-lb D) 40 ft-lb
4) A force of 5 pounds acts in the direction of 5° to the horizontal. The force moves an object along a straight
line from the point (5, 4) to the point (18, 13), with distance measured in feet. Find the work done by the
force. Round the answer to one decimal place, if necessary.
A) 78.8 ft-lb B) 79.1 ft-lb C) 15.8 ft-lb D) 109.6 ft-lb
Page 72
Ch. 6 Additional Topics in Trigonometry
Answer Key
6.1 The Law of Sines
1 Use the Law of Sines to Solve Oblique Triangles
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
2 Use the Law of Sines to Solve, if Possible, the Triangle or Triangles in the Ambiguous Case
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
3 Find the Area of an Oblique Triangle Using the Sine Function
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
4 Solve Applied Problems Using the Law of Sines
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
1) A
2) A
6.2 The Law of Cosines
1 Use the Law of Cosines to Solve Oblique Triangles
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
2 Solve Applied Problems Using the Law of Cosines
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
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3 Use Heron's Formula to Find the Area of a Triangle
1) A
2) A
3) A
6.3 Polar Coordinates
1 Plot Points in the Polar Coordinate System
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9)
5
4
3
2
1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 r
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
11π
(a) (4, - )
6
7π
(b) (-4, )
6
13π
(c) (4, )
6
2 Find Multiple Sets of Polar Coordinates for a Given Point

1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
3 Convert a Point from Polar to Rectangular Coordinates
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
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4 Convert a Point from Rectangular to Polar Coordinates
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
5 Convert an Equation from Rectangular to Polar Coordinates
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
6 Convert an Equation from Polar to Rectangular Coordinates
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
7 Solve Apps: Polar Coordinates
1) A
8 Tech: Polar Coordinates
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
1) A
2) A
6.4 Graphs of Polar Equations
1 Use Point Plotting to Graph Polar Equations
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
2 Use Symmetry to Graph Polar Equations
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
Page 75
10) A
11) A
12) A
13) A
14) A
15) A
16) A
17) A
18) A
19) A
20) A
3 Solve Apps: Graphs of Polar Equations
1) A
2) A
4 Tech: Graphs of Polar Equations
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
6.5 Complex Numbers in Polar Form; DeMoivre's Theorem
1 Plot Complex Numbers in the Complex Plane
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
2 Find the Absolute Value of a Complex Number
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
3 Write Complex Numbers in Polar Form
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
4 Convert a Complex Number from Polar to Rectangular Form
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
Page 76
5) A
6) A
7) A
5 Find Products of Complex Numbers in Polar Form
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
6 Find Quotients of Complex Numbers in Polar Form
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
7 Find Powers of Complex Numbers in Polar Form
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
8 Find Roots of Complex Numbers in Polar Form
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
10) A
9 Solve Apps: Complex Numbers
1) A
2) A
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
Page 77
6.6 Vectors
1 Use Magnitude and Direction to Show Vectors are Equal
1) A
2 Visualize Scalar Multiplication, Vector Addition, and Vector Subtraction as Geometric Vectors
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
3 Represent Vectors in the Rectangular Coordinate System
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
4 Perform Operations with Vectors in Terms of i and j
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
5 Find the Unit Vector in the Direction of v
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6 Write a Vector in Terms of Its Magnitude and Direction
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
7 Solve Applied Problems Involving Vectors
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
1) A
2) A
3) A
6.7 The Dot Product
1 Find the Dot Product of Two Vectors
1) A
Page 78
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
2 Find the Angle Between Two Vectors
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
3 Use the Dot Product to Determine if Two Vectors are Orthogonal
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) C
6) C
7) A
8) A
4 Find the Projection of a Vector onto Another Vector
1) A
2) A
3) A
5 Express a Vector as the Sum of Two Orthogonal Vectors
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
6 Compute Work
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
Page 79
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INDEX
Addams, Miss Jane, at International Conference of Women at the

Hague, 13, 76
at Kingsway Hall, 78
author and, 77
peace mission of, 78, 79
personality of, 77
Adler, Friedrich, and Bolshevism, 33, 35, 182

at Berne Conference, 31
fidelity to principles of, 32
murderer of Count Sturgh, 31, 32
pardoned by Emperor Charles, 31
sent to quell riot, 33
trial of, 32, 33
Adlon, Hôtel, Berlin, 169
Ador, President, and Second International Conference, 4
Agoston, Professor, imprisonment of, 117
“Alfred and Omega” (Lord Northcliffe), 172
American Peace Delegation, at Hôtel Crillon, 7, 8, 38
American Relief Commission, work of, in Vienna, 114
Andrassy, Count Geza, 72

author and, 73
Angell, Norman, at Berne, 36, 52

Anti-Semitism, fallacies of, 182-4
Antwerp, author at, 173
Arco, Count, 85
Armenia, 149
Bolsheviks and, 225, 231
cruelties in, 150
Armistice, hard conditions of, 27
Ashton, Councillor Margaret, 75
Asquith, Mr., Germans and speeches of, 168
Astor, Lady, 167
Augspurg, Dr. Anita, at Zurich, 83
Austerlitz, Dr., 119
Austria, author’s tour through, 103 et seq.

Christian Socialism in, 122
currency depreciation in, 111
“dying,” 103 et seq.
evil of embargoes on, 25
fear of France in, 117
menace of union with Germany, 117
pro-German feeling in, 120
proposed union with Bavaria and, 120
Social Democratic Party of, and union with Germany, 118
Socialist Government of, 28
Union with Germany movement in, 119, 120
Austrian Government and Socialists, 32
Austrian Socialists, and union with Germany, 118

at Berne, 22
denounce the war, 32
Azerbaijan, Bolsheviks and, 149, 213, 225
Baku, Bolsheviks and, 149
Balabanova, Angelica, 3, 140, 181
“Balance of Power,” the new, 273
Baltic, minefields in, 155
Barbusse, M., and Clarté group, 129
Barnes, Mr., and Berne Conference, 4
Batoum, author at, 203, 228

capture of, by Bolsheviks, 226
Greek refugees at, 229
Bauer, Dr., and Austro-German union, 118

and Peace Treaty, 119
author and, 118, 119
on problems of Town v. Country, 121
personality of, 118, 119
the “Kreuzlbauer,” 133
writes in National Zeitung, 133
Bavaria, under Communism, 63, 83, 84
Beek en Donk, Dr. de Jong van, 54, 132
Beesly, Professor, founder of First International, 130
Belgarde, Passport and Customs examination at, 13
Belgian Socialists and Berne Conference, 11

and the war, 193
at Geneva, 12
Belgrade, author in, 234
Belle Vue Hotel, Berne, author at, 57, 58, 79, 132
secretariat of Second International at, 17
Berlin, author’s visit to, 159, 161-172

Communists of, 162
Hôtel Adlon at, 169
post-war condition of, 168
Berne, author on, 51, 132

League of Nations Conference at, 54 et seq.
political agents (spies) at, 18 et seq.
Second International Conference at, 1 et seq.
arrival of delegates to, 14
delegates journey to, 4 et seq.
Wiener Café at, 51, 52, 133, 134
Bernstein, Edouard, 29, 30

at Lucerne, 97
personality and views of, 97
refused admission to England, 98
“Biology of War,” by Professor Nicolai, 68
“Black and Tans,” 255, 265
Blockade of Germany, continuance of, after Armistice, 25
Bolshevism, author on, 139 et seq.

fear of, in Border Republics, 155
fear of, in Central Europe, 181
Kautsky and, 25
Second International and, 35, 36
Third International and, 130
Bolshevik Government, and Kemalists, 149, 201
Armenia and, 149, 150, 213, 231
Azerbaijan and, 149, 213, 225
Baku and, 149
Caucasus and, 225
causes of long life of, 144
Georgia and, 149, 150, 212, 225, 226
Jews and, 182
Poland and, 178
propaganda of, 149
Bondfield, Margaret, and Berne Conference, 3

in Paris, 8
Börjom, author at, 221
Bornemiza, Baron, 137
Boulogne, post-war scenes at, 5
Bourgeois, Socialist interpretation of, 59
Bramley, Fred, 7
Branting, M., at Berne, 30

author and, 159, 160, 161
pro-Ally, 32
Breitschied, Herr, 166
Brentano, Professor, author and, 63
Brest-Litovsk, Peace of, Trotsky and, xi, 143

Allies and, 142
Lenin and, 142
“Briefe einer Deutsch-Franzosin,” by Annette Kolb, 67
Bristol Hotel, Vienna, author’s experiences in, 111, 112

British Delegation to Berne, harmony of, 23
meeting of, with German delegates, 24
British Military Mission, at Berlin, 161

at Constantinople, 229
at Vienna, 114
in Esthonia, 156
popularity of, 114
British Military Permit, 56
Buchs, author at, 105, 106
Budapest, Conference of National Union of Women’s Suffrage

Societies at, 70
Bullitt, William, at Berlin, 170

at Berne, 38
Bunning, Mr. Stuart, at Berne, 23
Burns, John, and Miss Jane Addams, 77
Buxton, Mrs. Chas. Roden, author and, 135

delegate to League of Nations Conference, 60
Relief efforts for Viennese children, 61
“Save the Children Fund,” and, 61
Buxton, Mr. Charles Roden, 26
Capitalism, failure of, xii

replacement of, by Collectivist Internationalism, 143
Carmi, Maria, 172
Casement, Roger, 33, 266
Catt, Mrs. C. Chapman, 42

Caucasian Republics, Federation of, 213
Caucasus, Imperialist policy in, 149
Central Europe, post-war conditions in, 109, 110
Charles, ex-Emperor, Adler and, 31

attempts to recover throne, 33
Bohemian delegate and, 20
Count Teleki and, 69
Prince Windischgraetz and, 71
Charles, Prince of Sweden, and relief for Russia, 157, 158
Charlottenburg, Children’s Clinic at, 170-1
Child relief, International organization for, 60
Children, Austrian, sufferings of, 26, 61, 73, 74, 125

German, sufferings of, 25, 26, 164, 170
Polish, sufferings of, 180
Christian Socialism in Austria, 122
Claparéde René and Clarté group, 129

edits newspaper in Geneva, 139
Clarté Socialist group, 129
Clemenceau, story of, on Peace, 123
Cohn, Oscar, 166
Cologne, author at, 172-3
Communism, and spirit of hate, xii
Communists and Kautsky, 25

German, 162, 164, 165
Russian programme of, 144
“Comrade,” author’s protest at misuse of, 15, 16
Connolly, execution of, 246
Constantinople, author at, 200, 201, 229

Socialist movement in, 233
Cork, author in, 262-4
Courtney, Lord, 46
Crown Princess of Sweden, death of, 158
Cunninghame, Lieut.-Colonel Sir Thomas, author and, 114

Hungarian aristocracy and, 115
Czapsritski, K., 175
Czecho-Slovak Delegates, at Lucerne, 98
Czecho-Slovakia, opposition to economic union with Austria in,

120
Daily Herald, as representative of organized Labour, 17
Danubian federation suggested, 120
De Brouckere, M. Louis, delegate to Georgia, 189, 191
de Jong, Dr., see Beek en Donk
De Kay, John, at Berne, 38, 39, 40, 41

at Lucerne, 133
Dernburg, Herr, author and, 167

De Valera, 182, 184
Despard, Mrs., and Lord French, 94

at Zurich, 93
in Berne, 138
in Ireland, 263
Dictatorship of the Proletariat, fallacy of, in Russia, 141
Disarmament, necessity for, 273
Dittmann, Herr, 166
Dobrenszky, Countess, 186
Drexel, Mr., 170
Dublin, author’s visit to, 241, 265
Dvarzaladze, M. and Mme., 195
Ebert, President, author and, 165

personality of, 165
Ehrlich, Professor, 187
Einam, Baroness von, and starving Austrian children, 73, 74
Einstein, Prof., 187
Eisner, Kurt, and Dr. Förster, 65, 66

and free speech, 118
author and, 86
incompetent as President, 63
murder of, 15, 86
personality of, 83, 84, 85, 165
welcomes British delegates at Berne, 15, 30, 85
Ellis, Miss Edith, 263
England, and Turkey, 230, 232

great Jews of, 187
“Entente husband,” 134
Esperanto, a wise device, 272
Esthonia, poverty in, 156
Extraordinary Commission, in Russia, 144
Fehrenbach, Herr, 161
“Fight the Famine” conference, 136
Finland, fear of Russia in, 155
First International, foundation and dissolution of, 130
Fitzgerald, Desmond, 252
Ford, Henry, and Jews, 182

Peace mission of, 47
Peace ship, 47, 48
Ford, Isabella, at Zurich, 82

author and, 82
Förster, Professor A. W., and Kurt Eisner, 66

as Minister to Switzerland, 65
as Pacifist, 65, 69
delegate to League of Nations Conference, 64
Fourteen Points, Wilson’s, 170

a German opinion of, 89, 90
France, Anatole, 129
France, and German coal, 171
Free Trade and Austrian Christian Socialists, 122
French, Lord, and Mrs. Despard, 94
French Military Permit, 56
French Socialists at Berne, 22
French Socialist Congress, Strasburg, author at, 129, 131, 132

differences at, 131
votes for Third International, 133
Freundlich, Frau, and Austrian Socialist policy, 118
Fried, and Clarté Group, 129
Frutigen, camp of Austrian children at, 73, 74
Fry, Miss Joan, delegate to League of Nations Conference, 60
Gallipoli, author sees, 199
Gavronsky, M., 177, 178
Geneva, author in, 135

Berne delegates at, 13, 14
Conference at, Belgian Socialists and, 12
Passport and Customs examination at, 13
“Save the Children Fund” Conference at, 131
Second International Conference at, 136
George, Mr. Lloyd, Germans and speeches of, 168

on Peace objects, xi., 89, 92
Georgia, and Bolshevism, 150, 223, 225
author’s visit to, 175, 189 et seq.
Bolshevik Government and, 149, 150, 212, 213
Dance song of, 217
Foreign policy of, 211
National Anthem of, 226
Parliament of, 208
Radek on Bolshevization of, 150
Second International and, 175
Socialist Government of, 208
Steklov on, 150
Toast song of, 206
German Majority Socialists, at Berne, 22, 28, 29

Belgian Socialists and, 11
restraint and moderation of, 29
German Minority Socialists, at Berne, 22, 28
Germany, Alien Tax in, 159

an opinion of effect of Peace in, 91, 92
Communism and, 162, 164
disarmament default of, 162
export of coal from, 171
false reports concerning, 173-4
Independent Socialists of, 166
Nationalists of, 162-3
Socialist newspapers in, 17
sufferings of children in, from blockade, 25
thrift habits in, 167, 168
Gilles, Lieut., 19
Gobat, Mlle., at Zurich, 86
Golden, Mr., 136
Greece, attitude of, to Turkey, 230

Green, Mrs. A. Stopford, 251
Grockney, Otto, 124
Grumbach, Herr, Alsatian delegate to Berne, 128
Guest, Dr. Haden, 155
Guttmann, Dr., at Berne, 36
Haase, German delegate to Berne, 30

murder of, 30
Hague, The, International Conference of Women at, 12, 76
Hall, Captain, 7
Hans in Schnakenloch, by René Schickele, 129
Harden, Maximilian, 187
Hardie, Keir, 97
Haupt, Baron, author and, 103, 104
Hedin, Sven, author and, 158, 159
Henderson, Mr. Arthur, M.P., and author’s visit to Ireland, 239

and Berne Conference, 3, 4, 30
and spy’s report, 20
and Stockholm Socialist Conference, 1, 2
as member of War Cabinet, 32
work of, for Labour Party, 7
Henderson, Will, 7
Hennet, Baron, 118

Herzka, Frau, at Zurich, 86
Hobhouse, Miss, and foreign agent, 96
Hohenlohe, Prince Alexander, at Zurich, 92, 93

author and, 93
Horthy, Admiral, offensive cartoons of, 137
Hôtel Crillon, as headquarters of American Peace Delegation, 7, 8
House, Colonel, 7, 81
Hull House, Chicago, Miss Jane Addams and, 77, 78
Humperdinck, Egbert, 172
Hungarian Peace Treaty, 117
Hungarian Red Cross, author and petition from, to President

Wilson, 81
members of, and Bolshevism, 135
Hungary, anti-democratic policy of White Government of, 117

aristocrats of, 115
Bolshevik Revolution in, 49
Count Teleki, Prime Minister of, 69
counter-revolution in, 95
Entente officials and counter-revolution of, 117
poverty in, 116
Red Terror in, 175
Socialist policy in, 72
White Terror in, 70, 116, 137, 184
Huysmans, M. Camille, at Berne Conference, 3, 4, 11, 30

at Second International Conference, Geneva, 137
author and, 189
delegate to Georgia, 189
Huysmans, Mme., 189, 195
Huysmans, Mlle. Sara, 191
Hyman, Fraulein L. G., at Zurich, 83
Imperialism, mischief of, xii.
Independent Socialists, German, 160
India, Bolshevik propaganda and, 149
Inge, Dean, and democracy, 88
Inghels, M., delegate to Georgia, 189, 196
“Intelligence” man, in Cork, 263
International Conferences, method of conducting, 21, 22
International Council, Conference of, at Lucerne, 95 et seq.

author as Press representative at, 95 et seq.
“International, The,” sung at Batoum, 203
International Woman Suffrage Alliance, Conference of, 42
Internationalism, capitalists and, 130

collectivist, 143
difficulties of, 95
inevitability of, 272
Ireland, author visits, 237 et seq.

Catholic v. Protestant in, 254
G. W. Russell on, 242 et seq.
murder of soldiers in, 265
rebellion of 1916, 267
two Governments of, 268
“tyranny of the minority” in, 141
Jaurès, scandal of acquittal of murderer of, 9, 10

portrait of, in Chamber of Deputies, 10
scene of murder of, 9
Jebb, Miss Eglantyne, 61, 135
Jews, celebrated, 187

of Central Europe, 181 et seq.
Socialist, 187
Vienna Press and, 187
Joachim, Prince at Hôtel Adlon, 115
Jordania, M., 208, 210

letter from, 224
Journalists, Continental and British, compared, 36, 37
Jugo-Slavia, prosperity of, 235
Kaiserhof, The, author at, 166
Karolyi, Count, and Frau Schwimmer, 42

author and, 42
Princess von Liechtenstein on policy of, 72
Kasbec, author’s visit to, 215 et seq.
Kautsky, Herr, as Marxist and anti-Bolshevik, 25

author’s meeting with, 24, 25, 166
delegate to Georgia, 189, 229
hatred of, by Communists, 25
personality of, 25
Kellner, Professor Léon, 124, 187

Kemal Pasha, and Bolsheviks, 149, 201
at Trebizond, 201
France and Italy and, 230
Kerensky, M., personality and policy of, 212
Kilmarnock, Lord, 161
Kleist, Major von, author and daughter of, 80
Knock-out blow, evils of policy of, xi
Kolb, Annette, author and, 129

“Briefe einer Deutsch-Franzosin,” by, 67
Kommer, Rudolf, at Berne, 36, 52, 71, 72

in Berlin, 132
Koutäis, author’s visit to, 220
Kuenzer, Herr, 166
Kun, Bela, 69, 70, 117

a Jew, 181, 182
Labour Party, British, and Second International, 130

Anti-war demonstration of, 28
delegation to Ireland from, 239
delegation to Poland from, 176
devoted work of officials of, 7
“Jim” Middleton and, 6
lack of Press organization by, 17
Labour Temples, Continental, 17
Lansbury, George, at Berne, 38

Latzko, Andreas, author and, 67, 68
“Men in Battle,” by, 67
personality of, 67
Law, Bonar, Germans and speeches of, 169
Lawrence, Mrs. Pethick, at Zurich, 86
League of Nations, xi, 81

Armenia and, 231
Georgia and, 214
Internationalism and, 272
Labour and, 273
Labour Department, Miss Sophie Sanger and, 3
Vienna as centre for, 136
League of Nations Commission, of the Second International,

author as member of, 22
League of Nations Conference, author as delegate to, 54 et seq.

first meeting with Women’s International League, 79
purpose of, 62
recommendations of, 63
types of delegates at, 59
Lenin, and bourgeois ideal of liberty, 59

and Brest-Litovsk manifesto, 142
anti-nationalism of, 273
as “only happy Socialist Minister,” 28
at Wiener Café, 53
author’s estimate of, 145, 146
changed views of, 99, 147, 148
differences of, with Trotsky, 148
difficulties of, 85
Georgia and, 226
Kerensky’s policy and, 212
moderate policy of, 144
Second International on, 35
speech of, at Russian Communist Conference, 146
World-Communism and World-revolution ideas of, 145
Leslie, Mr., Consul at Reval, 156
Liebknecht, 182
Liechtenstein, Prince Johan von, 73
Liechtenstein, Princess Maritza von, on Count Karolyi’s policy, 72

“Little Gillies,” 6
Longuet, M. Jean, and Bolshevism, 35

and British delegates to Berne, 9
at Strasburg Conference, 130, 131
personality of, 10
Lord, Mrs., 132
Lucerne, American millionaire socialist at, 100

Conference of International Council at, 95 et seq.
Ludendorff, Gen., 165
MacArthur, Mary, 176
McBride, Major, execution of, 263
McBride, Mme., 263
Macdonald, Mr. J. Ramsay, and M. Gavronsky, 179

and M. Longuet, 9
at Batoum, 203, 204, 228
at Berne, 38, 52
delegate to Georgia, 189, 196
delegation to Georgia and, 175
in Geneva, 14
woman spy and, 96
Macmillan, Miss Crystal, 86
Malcolm, General, 161
Marquet, M., at Batoum, 229

at Strasburg conference, 130
delegate to Georgia, 189, 196, 218
in Belgrade, 234
Marshall, Miss Katharine, 102
Marx, Karl, founds First International, 130

Jean Longuet, grandson of, 9
Kautsky, as exponent of principles of, 25
Meinl, Mr. Julius, on decontrol of food, 122
Melan, Mlle., at Zurich, 86
“Men in Battle,” by Andreas Latzko, 67
Meyer, Herr Edouard, 164
Middleton, Jim, as secretary to delegates to Berne, 6
Militarism, x.
Bolsheviks and, 141
failure of, xii.
Miners, British, and “Save the Children Fund,” 171
Mölkenbuhr at Berne, 29, 30
Montgelas, Count Max, at League of Nations Conference, 60
Morning Post, author and, 183

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Introductory Algebra for College Students 6th Edition

Solve the triangle.

A) B = 55°, a = 4.32, c = 6.01 B) B = 55°, a = 6.01, c = 4.32

A) C = 20°, a = 10, c = 4.17 B) C = 20°, a = 4.17, c = 10

6) A = 11.2°, C = 131.6°, a = 84.9

4) B = 26°, b = 6.7, a = 7.64

6) C = 35°, a = 18.7, c = 16.1

3 Find the Area of an Oblique Triangle Using the Sine Function

2) A = 37°, b = 18 meters, c = 11 meters

4) B = 20°, a = 4 feet, c = 8 feet

4 Solve Applied Problems Using the Law of Sines

Solve the problem.

Find a. If necessary, round your answer to the nearest hundredth.

6.2 The Law of Cosines

2 Solve Applied Problems Using the Law of Cosines

Solve the problem.

3 Use Heron's Formula to Find the Area of a Triangle

2) a = 10 inches, b = 14 inches, c = 6 inches

3) a = 10 meters, b = 14 meters, c = 6 meters

6.3 Polar Coordinates

Match the point in polar coordinates with either A, B, C, or D on the graph.

Solve the problem.

2 Find Multiple Sets of Polar Coordinates for a Given Point

3 Convert a Point from Polar to Rectangular Coordinates

4 Convert a Point from Rectangular to Polar Coordinates

5 Convert an Equation from Rectangular to Polar Coordinates

Convert the rectangular equation to a polar equation that expresses r in terms of θ.

C) 8 cos θ - 9 sin θ = -1 D) 8 cos θ - 9 sin θ = 1

6 Convert an Equation from Polar to Rectangular Coordinates

Convert the polar equation to a rectangular equation.

Solve the problem.

8 Tech: Polar Coordinates

4) (-16, -12) Express θ to three decimal places.

5) (3, 6) Express both r and θ to two decimal places.

A) y = x 3 - 2; slope: 3; y-intercept: -2 B) y = -x 3 - 2; slope: - 3; y-intercept: -2

A) r = 3 B) r = 6 cos θ C) r = 6 sin θ D) r sin θ = 3

A) r = -4 sin θ B) r = -4 cos θ C) r = -2 D) r sin θ = -2

A) r = 4 cos θ B) r = 4 sin θ C) r = 2 D) r sin θ = 2

A) r = 2 + sin θ B) r = 4 cos θ C) r = 4 sin θ D) r = 2 + cos θ

A) r = 4 + cos θ B) r = 8 cos θ C) r = 8 sin θ D) r = 4 + sin θ

A) r = 2 cos(2θ) B) r = 2 sin(2θ) C) r = 2 D) r = 2 + cos(2θ)

3) r = -4 sin θ; the pole

4) r = 4 + 4 cos θ; polar axis

7) r = 6 + 2 cos θ; the pole

8) r = 3 - 6 sin θ; the polar axis

9) r2 = sin 2θ; the pole

11) r cos θ = 4 ; the polar axis

Graph the polar equation.

Solve the problem.

A) 3 knots B) 2 knots C) 4 knots D) 5 knots

A) 120°; 7 knots B) 90°; 7 knots C) 120°; 8 knots D) 90°; 5 knots