Avestan language: Vocabulary

For more information, see Avestan writing. http://www.avesta.org/language/writing.pdf

Highest frequency: Words occurring over 500 times

ahurO ,Oruha Ahura, the Lord, God (N) (509)

aCahe ,ehaCa Of Asha (Truth, Righteousness, World Order) (G) (621)

AaT ,TaA Then (adv.) (815)

mazdl ,ldzam Mazda, God, Omniscient (NG) (808)

nOiT ,TiOn Not (adv.) (564)

(V) m. lord, husband; a leader. 3: (prep.) against; along, back; on, upon; because of;
paiti ,itiap with regard to, for; in exchange for (515)
WA ,AW Or (encl.); ~ ... ~: either .. or (684)

YaT ,TaY Who, which, that (n. NAV); when, as (conj.) (716)

Yaqa ,aqaY As; when; that; (conj.); ~ ... ~: either .... or (507)

Yazamaide ,ediamazaY We worship, honor, venerate (verb. cl. 1.) (1791)

YO ,OY Who, which (pron., mNV) (768)

Highest frequency: Words occurring over 200 times

ahe ,eha Of this, of that (mnG) (246)

ahmAi ,iAmha To (or for) this, to (or for) that (D); we (plD) (208)

ahurahe ,eharuha Of Ahura, of the Lord, of God (G) (292)

Of Asha, of Truth, of Righteousness, World Order
aCaonO ,OnoaCa (G) (422)
aCawanvm ,mvnawaCa Ashavan, owning Asha, Asha-sanctified (A) (297)

aCAum ,muACa O Ashavan, O righteous one (V) (286)

aCvm ,mvCa Asha, Truth, Righteousness, World Order (NA) (400)

asti ,itsa Is (3/1) (218)

awi ,iwa towards (adv., prep. with A or G) (249)

ayese ,eseya I wish, I desire, I demand (1/1) (249)

dAtarv ,vratAd O Giver; O Maker, O Creator (mV) (249)

frawaCIm ,mICawarf Fravashi (farohar); guardian spirit or angel (A) (290)

haca ,acah From (prep. with I, Abl) (453)

hE ,Eh Of him, to, for him, of her, to her, for her (DG) (343)

mraoT ,Toarm (He) said (inj. pres. act. 3/1) (305)

ratUm ,mUtar Master, one who is in authority, judge (A) (275)

taT ,Tat It (nNAV); then (adv.) (216)

tlscA (tls +
-cA) ,Acslt And this, that, he, she, it (GAV f. plN) (240)

WohU ,UhoW Good (A, nI, plA; GAv NA) (375)

who; which; (I, m.duNV, n.duA, fN, plN, n.pl.NAV);
YA ,AY
so that (conj.) (446)
YeSti ,itSeY With worship, adoration (f.I) (249)

Yezi ,izeY If (conj.) (249)

Yim ,miY Who; whom; which (nN, mA) (222)

YOi ,iOY Who, which (m.plN) (284)

,artSuqaraz (also written ,ar! Zarathushtra, name of the prophet of Zoroastrianism

zaraquStra
uqaraz) (pr. noun. m.) (307)

Highest frequency: Words occurring over 100 times

aECa ,aCEa This (NI,fN) (150)

aECLm ,mLCEa This (fA,plG) (122)

aEte ,etEa This, that (m.plNA) (116)

ahmAT [azvm] ,TAmha Us (plAbl); this (Abl)(111)

ahmi [aEm or ah] ,imha This (L); I am (ind. pres. act. 1/1) (187)

ahurA [ahura] ,Aruha O Ahura, O Lord (V) (107)

ahurvm [ahura] ,mvruha Ahura, Lord (A) (127)

ahU [ahu] ,Uha Lord (mN) (154)

aMhaT [ah] ,TahMa To be (subj. pres. act. 3/1) (117)

aCaonLm [aCawan] ,mLnoaCa Of the Ashavans, of the righteous (plG) (148)

aCaone ,enoaCa Ashavan, righteous one (D,fL) (169)

... aCaonIm ,mInoaCa Ashavan, righteous one (fA) (121)

aCava [ashavan] ,avaCa Ashavan, righteous one (102)

aCaya [aCa] ,ayaCa Asha, Truth, Righteousness, World Order (L) (156)
aCAunLm ,mLnuACa Of Ashavans, of righteous ones (plG) (117)

aT [-, aem] ,Ta then, but, and (adv.) (138)

awaT [awa] ,Tawa that, those (dem. pron); so long, this, that (adv.) (129)

azvm [-] ,mvza I (pers. pron. N) (167)

A ,A At, to, near, by, up, towards (adv., prep. with A, Abl, G, L) (145)

ApO [ap] ,OpA Water (G, plNAV) (163)

Ayaptvm ,mvtpayA Riches, gifts of grace, blessings, boons (NA, plA) (104)

druxS [druj] ,Sxurd Lie, deceit, deceiver, lier, Druj (a demoness) (NV) (168)
frasastayaEca
[frasasti] ,acEayatsasarf And with praise, glorification, satisfaction (D) (158)

frawaCayO ,OyaCawarf Fravashis, guardian spirits or angels (plNA) (103)

hazaMrvm
[hazaMra] ,mvrMazah One thousand (A) (112)

hvNti [ah] ,itNvh We are (pres. ind. act. 3/3) (114)

(An indefinite pronoun of the neuter gender, mostly used in the
Gatha dialect, implying:) 'that which'; (also used as a participle,
which following different meanings:) therefore, consequently;
thereby; when; from the time; because; that is, i.e.; (as a
hyaT ,Tayh
connecting particle between a noun and its qualifying adjective,
e.g.:) "manascâ hyat vahishtem"; (in several instances, used as
an expletive in the Gathas for the purpose of scansion. (Sp.) (see
K605) (109)
mazdA [-] ,Adzam O Mazda, God, Omniscient (V) (181)

mazdLm ,mLdzam Mazda, God, Omniscient (A) (112)

! (emph. particle); not, never (do this)! (negative
mA ,Am
particle/prohibitive); [azem] my (mN, m.plA) (130)
mE [azvm] ,Em For me, mine (encl. DG) (109)
Mithra; a contract, promise, agreement, friendship,
miqrvm [miqra] ,mvrqim
commitment, 7th month of the year (A) (110)
nasuS [nasa] ,Susan Dead matter; defilement; demon of corruption (m.f.N) (148)

nLma [nLman] ,amLn Name (n. NA, plA) (145)

raqBe [ratu] ,eBqar For or to the master (one who is in authority, judge) (D) (131)

raya [raE] ,ayar Splendor (see k433), riches, wealthy (see Bailey 10) (I) (181)

spitama [-] ,amatips O Spitama, family name of Zarathushtra (V) (177)

tE [ta] ,Et This, that; he, she, it (DG, duA, plNA) (127)

qwA [qwa] ,awq You, your (AI, n.plNA) (122)

upa ,apu Near, towards, by, up, to (adv., prep.); high, much (adj.)(145)
upa-dwLsaiti [upa-
dwLs] ,itiasLwd-apu to rush on, to fall upon (pres. act. 3/1) (101)
WahiStvm
[WahiSta] ,mvtSihaW Best (n.m.A) (141)

WahmAica ,aciAmhaW Adoration, prayer (D) (137)

WairyO [Wairya] ,OyriaW Agreeable, desirable; wish; will; self-commanding (N) (157)
Of good, virtuous; a thing (orig.) goods, a good thing; a gift,
WaMhuyl ,lyuhMaW creation (fG) (110)
WaMuhIS ,SIhuMaW Good (see above) (f.pl.NA) (105)

WIspe [WIspa] ,epsIW All (m.plNAV) (109)

xCnaoqrAica
[xCnaoqra] ,aciArqoanCx propitiation, satisfaction (nD) (122)
XarvnO Khwarrah (often untransl.), divine grace or fortune, favor, good
,OnvraX
[XarvnaMh] things (NA) (111)
YasnAica [Yasna +
-ca] ,aciAnsaY And with worship, sacrifice; prayer (D) (142)

YaqA [Yaqa] ,aqaY As; when; that; (conj.); ~ ... ~: either .... or (GAv) (175)

YLm ,mLY Whom; which (fA) (103)

Yl ,lY Who; which (f.plNA) (163)

zaraquStrO
[ZaraquStra] ,OrtSuqaraz Zarathushtra, founder of Zoroastrianism (N) (124)

zLm [zam, zem] ,mLz Earth (fA) (106)

Cardinal numbers
1 aEwa- -awEa

2 dwa- -awd

3 qri- -irq

4 caqBar- -raBqac

5 paNca acNap

6 xCwaS SawCx

7 hapta atpah

8 aSta atSa

9 nawa awan

10 dasa asad

100 sata- -atas

1000 hazaMra- -arMazah

Time:
century satayArv ,vrAyatas

dawn WI-WaMh ,hMaW-IW

day (daytime) asarv ,vrasa

day (i.e. 24 hour period starting at midnight) xCapara ,arapaCx

dusk uCaMh ,hMaCu

month mlMh ,hMlm

morning uCA ,ACu

night naxtu ,utxan (n)

night xCap ,paCx (f)

noon rapiqBA ,ABqipar

time zrwAn ,nAwrz

year YArv ,vrAY

Animals:
bear arCa ,aCra

beaver baBra ,arBab

boar, wild pig warAza ,azAraW

camel uStra ,artSu

cow or bull gao ,oag

crab kahrpu ,uprahk

dog span ,naps

eagle saena ,aneas

fish masya ,aysam

goat bUza ,azUb

hedgehog sIZaka, duZaka ,akaZud .,akaZIs

horse aspa ,apsa

livestock (small, i.e. goat, sheep, small
anumaya ,ayamuna
cattle)
livestock pasu ,usap
mouse mUS ,SUm

otter udra ,ardu

snake aZi ,iZa

vulture karkAsa ,asAkrak

wolf wvhrkA ,AkrhvW