Task 1: Table

The table describes the changes of people who went for international travel in 1990, 1995, 2000
and 2005 (in millions).

Area 1990 1995 2000 2005

Africa 18.2 20.8 26.9 28.7
America 80.5 112.5 118.2 113.2
Asia and the Pacific 60.2 80.3 117.4 135.8
Europe 280.2 390.3 393.2 400.2
Middle East 9.8 11.3 13.5 15.8
Total 448.9 615.2 669.2 693.7

Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: describes>compares; people who went for international

travel > international travellers; 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 > four different years.
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) total numbers rose (2) compare fluctuating
figures for America with other areas
 Paragraph 3: select and report total figures
 Paragraph 4: select and report relevant figures to show the similar trends in the
Middle West, Asia and the Pacific, Africa and Europe.
 Paragraph 5: select and report figures to contrast the trend in America

Report:

The table compares the numbers of international travellers from five regions in four different
years.

Overall, it is clear that the total number of international travellers increased over the period
1990-2005. However, the figures for America fluctuated over these years.

In 1990, a total of 448.9 million people travelled internationally. There was then a sharp rise to
615.2 million in 1995, followed by less dramatic increases to reach 693.7 million in 2005.

The Middle East, Asia and the Pacific and Africa all saw a steady rise in the number of
international travellers. In the Middle East, the figure rose from 9.8 million in 1990 to 15.8
million in 2005. In Africa, the number increased from 18.2 million to 28.7 million over the
same period. The figures more than doubled for Asia and the Pacific, rising to 135.8 million in
2005. In Europe, the number of people travelling internationally rose dramatically from 280.2
million in 1990 to 390.3 million in 1995.

In 1990 the number for America stood at 80.5 million, rising to 112.5 million in 1995 and 118.2
million in 2000. In contrast to the other areas, the figure then declined to 113.2 million
international travellers in 2005.
198 words

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Many people go to university for academic study. More people should be encouraged to
do vocational training because there is a lack of qualified workers such as electricians and
plumbers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Planning the ideas

Based on our identification of the key words, our plan will be something like this:
 Introduce idea: many young people study academic subjects at university. This is
necessary, but more vocational training is also needed.
 Paragraph 2: two reasons why more vocationally-trained workers are required: [1]
electricians, plumbers and other trades are vital when buildings are constructed or need
maintenance – example: schools, hospitals, museums – safety of public buildings in
general. [2] too many academic graduates in some countries – resulting in graduate
unemployment.
 Paragraph 3: more vocational training must be provided to meet society’s needs. [1]
schools must make changes in the curriculum and provide workshops to teach practical
skills. [2] parents should encourage their children to consider learning a skilled trade as
a good alternative to university, with good job prospects when they qualify.
 Conclusion: repeat using some different words.

ANSWER:

It is true that many people prefer to pursue academic studies at university rather than to follow
a vocational training course. While nobody can deny the need for university graduates, I totally
agree that we should encourage more people to qualify as electricians, plumbers or other
essential manual workers.

There are two important reasons why more workers must be trained in skilled professions such
as plumbing or electrical work. Firstly, such workers are vital when new buildings are
constructed or when existing buildings have to be renovated or simply maintained. Indeed, in
many countries, a permanent maintenance staff of skilled tradesmen is employed in hospitals,
schools or museums, ensuring the safety of all who use the buildings. Secondly, in some
developed countries, there is an existing imbalance in the economy, resulting in graduate
unemployment, while at the same time there is a shortage of skilled labour. Governments in
those countries need, therefore, to work with employers to ensure that extra vocational training
is provided.

More people must be encouraged to attend vocational training courses. [1] The onus is on
schools to incorporate relevant subjects into the curriculum, so that not all the emphasis is
placed on preparation for academic study at university. Many boys and girls are not
academically inclined, but this does not mean that schools should consider them as failures.
For example, workshops in schools could provide an opportunity to learn ‘hands-on skills’,
adapting the theory of the physics lessons to practical applications. [2] Parents should also help
their children to choose vocational careers, explaining the good employment prospects and
remuneration for manual workers with qualifications and skills

In conclusion, I agree that it is vital that we encourage more people to do vocational training
because without such skilled workers, society cannot function effectively.

2
Đề 25/02/2023
Task 1

(250223)

3
Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: 2 sentences (one for each diagram): gives information

about>shows/illustrates; each month>monthly; two Australian cities>Brisbane
and Canberra
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) daily temperatures fell February-July (2) the
number of days with rainfall
 Paragraph 3: select and report figures and trends for the line graph (average daily
temperatures). Compare figures in the two cities.
 Paragraph 4: select and report figures and trends for the bar chart (average days
of rainfall). Compare fluctuating figures for Brisbane with more stable figures for
Canberra.

Report:

The graph shows the monthly average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for Brisbane
and Canberra. The chart illustrates the average number of days with rain for these two cities
per month.

Overall, daily average temperatures fell between February and July in both cities. The average
number of days with rainfall was generally higher in Brisbane, although the figure was higher
in Canberra from June to October.

In January, the average daily temperature was about 27 degrees for both cities, rising to a peak
of 30 degrees in Brisbane in February while remaining constant in Canberra. Whereas
temperatures remained higher in Brisbane, in both cities the average maximum temperatures
decreased from February to July, when they were 21 degrees and 11 degrees in Brisbane and
Canberra respectively. They then rose steadily to reach 29 degrees in Brisbane and 27 degrees
in Canberra in December.

The average number of days with rainfall fluctuated between 12 and 14 between December and
March in Brisbane, compared with 7 days from June to September. In contrast, in Canberra
the figures were more stable, with just 7 or 8 days with rainfall from November to May, rising
to 10 days from June to August.
198 words

Task 2

An increasing number of people choosing to have cosmetic surgery in order to improve

their appearance. Why do people have operations to change the way they look? Do you
think this is positive or negative development?

Essay Plan:
 Introduction: there are reasons, but in my view it is a negative trend
 Paragraph 2: reasons – (1) to attract a partner (2) media influence – for example,
promoting the view that you must look like a supermodel to be attractive
 Paragraph 3: negative because – (1) it sets false values; character not beauty is to
be valued in a person (2) cosmetic surgery is a waste of time, skills and resources –
doctors and operating theatres (3) surgery can go wrong

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  Conclusion: reasons can be suggested, but it is a negative development

Essay:

It is true that growing numbers of people are opting to have cosmetic surgery to enhance their
looks. While there are reasons which may explain this trend, I would argue that it is a totally
negative development when undertaken for this reason.

In many cases, often influenced by media propaganda, people undergo cosmetic surgery in
order to attract a partner. The role of commercial advertising is to sell products – sometimes
through selling an image of beauty. For example, there are only a few supermodels in the
world, but they promote an image of beauty which is impossible for most people to achieve.
Instead of criticising this marketing strategy, a few people who can afford it decide to try to
look like supermodels through cosmetic surgery. The idea then spreads, through social
networking sites and telemarketing, that it is socially acceptable to have cosmetic surgery. You
will then become irresistibly attractive to others.

I consider this development to be wholly negative. Firstly, the real value of a person should
be measured by their character, not their physical appearance. Promoting the idea that a person
should be defined by their physical beauty is to promote a false set of values. Secondly,
surgeons who carry out cosmetic surgery could be using their skills and time to help people
with life-threatening conditions. Operating theatres in which this surgery is carried out could
also be freed to conduct essential operations. Finally, undergoing cosmetic surgery may be
detrimental to health. All operations carry some health risk, and sometimes cosmetic surgery
may go wrong.

In conclusion, although reasons can be put forward to try to explain this development, I believe
that it is a negative trend.
279 words

Vocabulary from media and advertising:

 commercial advertising
Meaning: advertising on the radio or television, between or during programmes.
Example: Commercial advertising on television provides the revenue for most TV
channels.

 telemarketing
Meaning: a method of selling things or taking orders for sales by telephone
Example: Telemarketing has become a growth industry, employing millions of people
across the world.

Vocabulary from society

 social networking sites

Meaning: a website that you use to communicate with people who share your interests

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 Example: An excellent way to learn another language is to make friends on social
networking sites with people who speak that language.

 to be socially acceptable
Meaning: agreed or approved of by most people in a society
Example: Smoking in public places is no longer socially acceptable in many
countries.

Vocabulary from health:

 life-threatening conditions
Meaning: illnesses which are likely to kill somebody
Example: Great advances have been made in the treatment of life-threatening
conditions such as cancer and heart disease.

 operating theatre
Meaning: a room in a hospital where doctors carry out surgery on patients
Example: Safe hygiene standards are important throughout any hospital, but particularly
in an operating theatre.

 to be detrimental to health
Meaning: to be harmful to health
Example: Lying in the sun for too long can be detrimental to health and result in skin
cancers.

 to carry health risks

Meaning: to have effects which could be bad for one’s health
Example: Smoking and drinking alcohol are potentially dangerous habits, because they
carry serious health risks

Other vocabulary:

 to enhance [verb]:
Meaning: to improve the quality, amount or strength of something
Example: After the terrorist threat, the government enhanced security measures.

 looks [plural noun]:

Meaning: attractive, pleasing appearance
Example: He has got the looks to be a movie star.

 irresistibly [adverb]:
Meaning: in a way that it is so strong that it cannot be stopped or resisted
Example: The army advanced irresistibly into the territory of the enemy.

 to free [verb]:

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Meaning: to make somebody/something available for a particular purpose
Example: Removing the ruins of an old building freed space for ten new houses.

7
WRITING TASK 1

The given picture shows the process of making electricity from coal. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; the process of….>how electricity…

 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) seven stages (2) note the first/last stages
 Paragraph 3: report on steps 1-4 – from the mine to the gasifier
 Paragraph 4: report on steps 5-7 – from cooling to electricity production and
supply

8
Report:
The diagram illustrates how electricity is made from coal.

Overall, there are seven stages in this process, starting with the extraction of coal from mines
and ending with the supply of electricity to houses and industries.

First, coal is extracted from a coal mine and it is then crushed by machine into small pieces.
Next, the crushed coal is transported by cart and truck to an installation called a gasifier. At
this stage, as a result of heating, gas is produced and the coal is set aside as solid waste.

The heated gas is then cooled in a separate installation, ready to be sent on to the next stage in
the process, which takes place in the gas power plant. In this plant, electricity is produced from
the coal gas, and some heat is generated which is disposed of as waste. At the final stage,
electricity is ready to be supplied to either domestic consumers or to industries.
158 words

Written by NgocBach

9
Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: shows differences>compares; add “in terms of their

vegetation”

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  Overview/summary paragraph: (1) vegetation will grow at higher altitudes in
tropical regions (2) tropical mountains have more diverse zones than temperate
mountains
 Paragraph 3: select, report and compare figures for the snow line and alpine
meadows in the two regions
 Paragraph 4: select, report and compare figures for the zones below these in the
two regions

Report:

The diagram compares tropical and temperate mountains in terms of their vegetation.

Overall, in tropical regions vegetation will grow at higher altitudes compared with temperate
regions. Mountains in tropical regions support more diverse zones than in temperate regions.
There is a snow line at about 2800 metres (10,000 feet) on temperate mountains and there is
only permanent snow above this line. By contrast, this snow line is found higher at around
4300 metres (16,000 feet) in tropical mountain regions. Below this line, alpine meadows are
found at 4000 metres and 1700 metres in tropical and temperate mountain regions respectively.

Forests of pine and fir trees occur on tropical mountains from about 3100 metres to the alpine
meadows above. However, on temperate mountains the limit for spruce trees is about 1750
metres. A similar difference is found between the limits for broad-leaved trees in the two
regions. Below this, a cool zone producing grain occurs from 1600 metres on tropical
mountains while in temperate regions this starts at sea-level. Finally, above sea-level, tropical
mountain regions have two extra zones. A temperate zone can produce coffee and cocoa, while
below that a warm zone is suitable for many tropical crops.
198 words

Written by NgocBach

11
Task 1: Process (Hình nguồn Ielts Real Exam )

Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: diagram>chart; shows>illustrates; stages>different steps;

recycling>the process of recycling
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) 11 stages involved (2) mention the first and last
stages (3) total time = 6 weeks
 Paragraph 3: report on the first 6 stages in the diagram

12
  Paragraph 4: report on the last 5 stages in the diagram

Report:

The chart illustrates the different steps involved in the process of recycling aluminium drinks
cans.

Overall, a total of 11 stages are shown in this recycling process, from the delivery of used cans
to the recycling plant to the production of new recycled cans, taking a total of 6 weeks from
start to finish.

First, the recycled cans are collected and transported by trucks and then deposited at the
recycling factory. Next, the cans are washed before they are crushed at the next stage. After
crushing, the process continues in the factory, including the use of chemicals to erase designs.

At the seventh stage, the crushed cans are heated and are then shaped in a mould to ensure
they are a uniform size. Next, the moulded cans are checked so that they are all the same weight
before they pass through a rolling machine. Finally, after rolling, new recycled cans are
produced ready for use again.

156 words

Writing task 2:

Some think most crime is the result of circumstances e.g. poverty and other social
problems. Other believe that most crime is caused by people who are bad by nature.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion

Essay Plan:

 Introduction: refer to the two views, using some different vocabulary, and give
your own opinion
 Paragraph 2: first view - social problems: lack of money, unemployment, lack of
schooling – examples: research linking crime with low-income areas; illiteracy
rates in prisons
 Paragraph 3: second view – some individuals are just bad people and commit
crimes. Need to ignore social problems and focus on individual psychology and
research genetic factors.
 Conclusion: my opinion: first view is correct. Need to tackle social problems or
crime will increase

Essay:

While many people argue that the causes of crime are largely to be found in poverty and social
deprivation, others contend that crime is the result of actions by people who are simply evil. I
believe that the first argument is correct, and is overwhelmingly supported by statistical
evidence from thousands of studies across the world.

13
On the one hand, many believe that the causes of crime are to be found in social problems.
Having little money, a lack of educational opportunities, and being unemployed or in low-paid
jobs, some will turn to crime as a solution to their problems. For example, research has shown
that violence, robbery and sexual offences are more prevalent in income-deprived areas.
Families may become desperate, and domestic violence may result. Illiteracy rates in prisons
are far higher than among the general population, as schools in poor neighbourhoods lack
resources to provide a good education to their students.

On the other hand, there are some who think that criminals are simply bad people. We should
not take into consideration social factors, but instead look for the causes in the psychology of
individuals who commit crimes. They also argue that we must study genetic factors to explain
why some embark on a life of crime. This removes the focus of attention from tackling social
problems, and moves it to forms of punishment to deter individuals from evil, criminal activity.
That is, bad individuals are to blame for crime and they must be taught a lesson.

In conclusion, I would argue that the first view is more convincing. It is important to look
beyond the individual and see the big picture. Social problems lie behind most crime and if
these problems are not tackled, crime will increase.
290 words

Vocabulary from crime:

 to turn to crime/ drugs

Meaning: to start committing crimes or using drugs.
Example: During periods of high youth unemployment, some youngsters turn to crime
to obtain money.

 to take into consideration

Meaning: to think about a particular fact or detail and allow it to have some influence
when you are making a decision
Example: The previous criminal records of those who are found guilty must be taken
into consideration when a sentence is passed.

 to embark on something
Meaning: to start something new
Example: Young people sometimes embark on a life of crime as a result of the bad
influence of criminals whom they know.

Vocabulary from society:

 domestic violence
Meaning: violence among family members in the home
Example: Children who witness domestic violence between parents often develop
problems.

Vocabulary from communication and personality:

14
  to see the big picture
Meaning: to understand all the important aspects of a situation
Example: Students sometimes get confused with so many details to remember, butour
history teacher is able to make us see the big picture.

Other vocabulary:

 social deprivation [expression]:

Meaning: limited access to society’s resources due to poverty, discrimination or other
disadvantage
Example: She grew up in an area of social deprivation, with high unemployment, no
clinics and overcrowded schools.

 to contend [verb]:
Meaning: to say that something is true or is a fact
Example: The lawyer contended that her client was innocent of the crime.

 overwhelmingly [adverb]:
Meaning: strongly or completely.
Example: Manchester United were overwhelmingly defeated by Barcelona.

 prevalent [adjective]:
Meaning: something that is very common at a particular time or place
Example: During the war, certain diseases were prevalent among the soldiers.

 illiteracy [noun]:
Meaning: the fact of being unable to read or write
Example: The illiteracy rate in some countries is much too high, and education
programmes are necessary to teach reading and writing.

Report Plan:

Report:

15
Writing Task 1

The diagram shows how tea leaves are processed into five different types of tea.

Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; how tea leaves are processed>the

process of making; five different types>various types

16
  Overview/summary paragraph: mention the number of different possible stages;
mention the first and last stages
 Paragraph 3: report and compare the stages in the production of white tea, green
tea and oolong tea
 Paragraph 4: report and contrast the stages in the production of large and small
leaf black tea

Report:

The diagram illustrates the process of making various types of tea from tea leaves.

Overall, up to nine different stages may be involved in the production of tea, beginning with
growing the tea and ending with the oven drying of the leaves.

The first three stages are the same for producing all five types of tea. First, the tea is grown,
the leaves are plucked and then they are left to wilt or wither. To produce white tea, the wilted
leaves are then simply dried in the oven. However, in the production of green tea, the wilted
leaves are steamed and rolled before oven drying. The third type, oolong tea, is not steamed.
After wilting, it undergoes rolling and slight fermentation before drying in the oven.

In contrast, large and small leaf black tea have more stages in the process. After wilting, large
leaf black tea is next rolled and then fully fermented. The production of small leaf black tea is
similar, except that it is not rolled, but crushed before full fermentation in order to produce
smaller leaves. Both of these teas pass finally through the process of oven drying.
191 words

Written by NgocBach

17
Task 1

Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: diagram>chart; shows>illustrates; how soft cheese is

made>the process of producing soft cheese
 Overview/summary paragraph: the number of stages in the process; refer to the
first and final stages
 Paragraph 3: report on steps 1-3
 Paragraph 4: report on steps 4-5

Report:

The chart illustrates the steps in the process of producing soft cheese.

Overall, there are five stages in the process, beginning with mixing water and milk and ending
with cooling to make the final product.

Initially, the basic ingredients of soft cheese, which are water and milk, are mixed. After they
are mixed, this mixture is cooled for two hours at a temperature of 5oC. Next, the mixture
undergoes a stage of fermentation, during which salt is added and the temperature is increased
to 35oC. The fermentation takes 6 hours.

Then, the fermented mixture is evaporated. In this stage, it is heated to 100 oC for a period of 8
hours. Finally, the mixture is cooled at a temperature of 5oC over a six hour period. During
this final cooling stage, the liquid becomes thicker as it cools. After six hours, the final product,

18
the soft cheese, is extracted through a filter at the top, while waste water is filtered out at the
bottom.

163 words

WRITING TASK 2

Some people believe that young people should choose the jobs that they want, but other
people think they should be more realistic and think more about their future. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion.

Many people argue that young people must take a realistic view of their future and select a job
that will enable them to pursue a successful career, whereas others consider that they should
be allowed to decide what job they want. In today’s world, I agree with the view that young
people should choose a job which they want and which they will enjoy.

On the one hand, some adults advise youngsters to think of the future when applying for work.
They stress the benefits of having a steady job, with promotion opportunities and a chance to
move up the career ladder. They may advise youngsters to do a vocational course or to obtain
a university degree which will offer good job prospects. For example, though a child may be
interested in drama or philosophy, adults may insist on a course such as business studies or
accounting.

On the other hand, there are two reasons why I agree with those who believe that young people
should follow their interests and find a job that they will enjoy. Firstly, in today’s world of
rapid socio-economic changes, there is no longer any job security. Work is precarious owing
to the digital revolution, and future planning is impossible. For instance, robotics technology,
although still in its infancy, has already transformed the workplace. Secondly, young people
who prioritise job satisfaction are more likely to perform their work well. This is a much
stronger motivation than money or career status.

In conclusion, the future of work is unpredictable and planning a career is a waste of time. I
support the argument that young people should be free to decide which job will bring them
enjoyment and satisfaction.

282 words

Vocabulary from work:

 to pursue a successful career

Meaning: to have a series of jobs in a particular area of work, with more responsibility
as time passes
Example: While many people wish to pursue a successful career, for others it is more
important to find work which is interesting and enjoyable.

 to have a steady job

Meaning: to have a job which you are unlikely to lose, but which is usually the same
routine

19
 Example: Although some people prefer to change jobs, others prefer to have a steady
job and a set daily routine at work.

 promotion opportunities
Meaning: chances to move to a more important position in a company or organization
Example: Perhaps the most important factor when choosing a job are the promotion
opportunities/promotion prospects.

 to move up the career ladder

Meaning: a series of stages by which you can make progress in your career
Example: Ambitious employees look for a job in which there is a chance to move up
the career ladder.

 job prospects
Meaning: the chances of being successful and having more opportunities at work
Example: People with qualifications and experience usually have the best job
prospects.

 job satisfaction
Meaning: the good feeling that you get when you have a job that you enjoy
Example: A high salary is not necessarily the most important factor in job satisfaction.

Vocabulary from education:

 vocational courses
Meaning: courses which provide students with the skills and knowledge that they need
to do a particular job
Example: Governments should extend the provision of vocational courses for those
who want to learn a trade, for example as electricians, plumbers, mechanics.

Vocabulary from society:

 socio-economic changes
Meaning: changes relating to the society and economy of a country
Example: Mass migration to cities is a result of socio-economic changes that include
the industrialisation of agriculture.

Vocabulary from technology:

 the digital revolution

Meaning: the advancement of technology to the digital technology available today
Example: The digital revolution has fundamentally changed the way that people work,
communicate, behave and even think.

20
  robotics technology
Meaning: the design, construction and operation of robots
Example: There are examples of robotics technology everywhere, from space programs
to manufacturing.

 to be in its infancy
Meaning: to be in the early development of something
Example: It is clear that robotics technology is still in its infancy, and it is impossible
to imagine the possible future developments.

Other vocabulary:

 accounting [noun]:
Meaning: the work of keeping financial accounts or records
Example: She was good at mathematics, so her teacher suggested a career in
accounting when she left school.

 precarious [adjective]:
Meaning: not safe or certain
Example: He earned a precarious living as an artist, often having no money for food
or rent.

 to transform [verb]:
Meaning: to completely change something, to change its form
Example: This new colour has transformed your room completely.

21
Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: gives information about> illustrates the various steps

required; of making>to produce
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) write the number of stages (2) refer to the first
and final stages
 Paragraph 3: report on what takes place in steps 1 and 2.
 Paragraph 4: report on what takes place in steps 3, 4 and 5.

Report:

The diagram illustrates the various steps required to produce carbonated drinks.

Overall, there are five stages, beginning with cleaning the water that will be used, and ending
with the packaging and delivery of the finished product to supermarkets.

22
At the beginning of the manufacturing process, raw water is filtered and first water softener
and then chemicals are added to clean the water. Next, at the second stage of heating
evaporation and carbonation, this clean water is pumped to electric heaters before it is passed
through a cooling pipe. It is mixed with carbon dioxide and this carbonated water is then passed
through another pipe, ready for the third stage.

At stage three, this carbonated water enters a mixing tank. Here, it is mixed with colouring,
syrup and flavouring. This is then passed through another filter and put into bottles or cans at
the fourth stage. Finally, these bottles and cans are packaged and transported in trucks to
supermarkets.

158 words

T2: Politicians should take more responsibility for preventing and solving global
environmental problems, because individuals can do very little.
Do you agree or disagree?

Essay Plan:

 Introduction: I agree - individuals can take small actions, but politicians must take
more responsibility.
 Paragraph 2: individuals can (1) consume less, recycle and use products that are
environmentally friendly (2) they can join groups working to protect the
environment.
 Paragraph 3: politicians must do much more – they have power and money. They
should (1) make and enforce international agreements to fight climate change (2)
make public transport cheaper and more available (3) pass laws to stop pollution,
for example the pollution of our rivers and oceans.
 Conclusion: individuals must do some things, but politicians have much more
power and responsibility to act and protect the environment.

Essay:

While individuals must play a part in protecting our environment, politicians have access to
vast resources, such as money and power, to enable them to act and tackle global environmental
problems. I agree, therefore, that they should accept greater responsibility and that, in
comparison, individuals are relatively powerless.

Although their power to act is limited, there are many environmentally friendly actions that
individuals have a responsibility to take. One important step is to reduce personal
consumption of the Earth’s finite resources, and this includes using our cars less and public
transport more. It also includes recycling and re-using products, and buying things which are
bio-degradable and produced sustainably, such as organic foods. Another vital step is for
individuals to join with others to develop a strong green movement. They should throw their
weight behind organisations working in various ways to prevent an ecological crisis.

In contrast, governments have enormous powers to solve global environmental problems, and
politicians should be held more responsible. Firstly, they must make strong international
agreements to take action on global warming. Politicians everywhere should agree to pass laws

23
to fight climate change, by cutting down on emissions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
Secondly, they must act to upgrade and expand public transport provision. They have the power
to subsidise the cost of fares, to issue free bus and train passes, and to introduce congestion
charges to reduce traffic in cities. Finally, politicians ought to prevent pollution, for example
by enforcing laws to stop the discharge of chemical waste into rivers or the sea by industries or
agriculture.

In conclusion, I believe that individuals ought to act in many small ways, although politicians
have much greater capacity to act and have a huge responsibility to act urgently to solve global
environmental problems.

296 words

Vocabulary from the environment:

 environmentally friendly
Meaning: behavior or products that do not harm the environment
Example: We can help to protect the environment by using detergents and cosmetics
that are environmentally friendly.

 to be bio-degradable
Meaning: a substance or chemical that can be changed to a natural harmless state by the
action of bacteria
Example: Most plastics are not biodegradable, and remain as waste products in the
environment for thousands of years.

 the green movement

Meaning: all the organisations concerned with the protection of the environment
Example: Individuals should join one of the organisations which form part of the green
movement, in order to campaign for changes in official policy on the environment.

 to throw one’s weigh behind sth

Meaning: To use one's influence to help support something
Example: The council is to throw its weight behind a campaign to save one of the
borough's best-loved beauty spots.

 an ecological crisis
Meaning: a serious situation that occurs when the environment of a species or a
population changes in a way that destabilizes its continued survival
Example: Environmental degradation caused by human activity is provoking an
ecological crisis which threatens our existence.

 to take action on global warming

Meaning: to do what has to be done on problems related to global warming
Example: There have been numerous international conferences to warn of the dangers,
but many governments have refused to take action on global warming.

24
  to fight climate change
Meaning: To try to prevent changes in climate patterns, such as rainfall, temperature
and winds.
Example: Unless we consume less of the Earth’s natural resources, it will be impossible
to fight climate change and safeguard our future.

 to cut down on emissions

Meaning: to reduce the amount of gases sent out into the air
Example: People must be made aware of the need to cut down on emissions from their
cars if we are to reduce air pollution.

 to reduce the dependence/reliance on fossil fuels

Meaning: to decrease people’s consumption of fossil fuels, like oil, coal or gas.
Example: Governments must invest heavily in solar and wind energy projects in order
to reduce our dependence/reliance on fossil fuels.

 to discharge chemical waste

Meaning: to dispose of waste products from chemical processes.
Example: Nowadays, more and more companies and industrial zones have been
discharging chemical waste into rivers, causing death to many fish and other aquatic
animals.

Vocabulary from transport:

 to upgrade and expand public transport provision

Meaning: to improve bus and train services and to make these services more available
Example: One way to reduce traffic on the roads is to upgrade and expand public
transport provision.

 to subsidise the cost of fares

Meaning: to give money to a business or organization to help to pay for the cost of using
public transport
Example: Governments must subsidise the cost of fares on public transport.

 free bus/train passes

Meaning: documents which allow you to travel free on buses or trains
Example: Issuing free bus and train passes to children and the elderly would
encourage more people to use public transport.

 congestion charge
Meaning: an amount of money that people have to pay for driving their cars into the
centre of some cities, as a way of stopping the city centre from becoming too full of
traffic

25
 Example: More cities should follow the example of London and introduce a congestion
charge in order to ease traffic flow in the city centre.

Other vocabulary:

 vast [adjective]:
Meaning: of very great size, amount or extent
Example: The general was in command of a vast army of 100,000 soldiers.

 to tackle [verb]:
Meaning: to make an organized and determined attempt to deal with a problem
Example: Governments in the USA have failed to tackle the problem of homeless
people, and as a result many thousands of people sleep in the streets.

 powerless [adjective]:
Meaning: unable to control or prevent something
Example: The driver was powerless to stop his car, and it crashed into a tree.

 finite [adjective]:
Meaning: limited in size, amount or length of time
Example: There is a finite time allowed to complete the exam paper – only 60 minutes.

 sustainably [adverb]:
Meaning: in a way that does not harm the environment
Example: The forest is managed sustainably. Every tree that is cut down is replaced
by a new tree that is planted.

26
Task 1

Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: 1 sentence for each type of diagram; show>compare,

provide information on; percentage>proportion; purpose of visit>main activity
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) pie chart – highest % of travellers (Asia and
Europe) (2) table – refer to the 3 categories in the left column (length of stay,
accommodation and main activity).
 Paragraph 3: select, report and compare the information in the pie chart
 Paragraph 4: select, report and compare the information in the table

Report:

The pie chart compares the proportion of tourists travelling to Australia from various parts of
the world. The table provides information on their average length of stay, type of
accommodation and their main activity during their stay.

27
Overall, the highest percentage of travellers came from Asia and Europe. Travellers stayed in
hotels, caravans or camped for between 7 and 16 days, enjoying sightseeing, swimming or
surfing.

Travellers from Asia and Europe formed the largest proportion who visited Australia, at 37%
and 35%, respectively. This was around double the proportion of US travellers, while visitors
from other nations comprised 10% of the total.

The table indicates that on average US travellers stayed 16 days, slightly longer than Europeans
at 14 days, while visitors from other nations stayed 10 days and Asian travellers just 7 days.
Asian and European visitors stayed in 5 or 4 star hotels, whereas visitors from the USA and
other nations preferred camping or caravans. Finally, sightseeing was the main activity among
Asians and Europeans. By contrast, visitors from the USA and other nations preferred beach
activities such as swimming, surfing or sunbathing.

185 words

Task 2: More and more people are becoming seriously overweight. Some people think a
solution can be to increase the price of fattening foods. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Essay Plan:

 Introduction: refer to the statement. Opinion: partly agree – it would help to solve
the problem, but along with other measures
 Paragraph 2: agree – governments should raise taxes on fattening foods. People
would eat them less because of the higher prices. Examples: eat less at fast food
chains (McDonald’s), eat fewer take away meals or sweets in shops.
 Paragraph 3: other measures needed (1) healthy eating campaigns (2) tackle other
causes of obesity e.g. sedentary lifestyles
 Conclusion: partly agree – increasing prices would reduce consumption of these
foods, but other measures are also necessary.

Essay:

It is true that a growing number of people are becoming prone to obesity. While eating too
much junk food, full of fat and sugar, is one very important factor, it is not the only one.
Therefore, I partly agree that raising the price of fattening foods would help to solve the
problem, although this should be undertaken along with other measures.

I concur with the view that governments should raise taxes on processed foods that are
detrimental to health and that encourage consumers to be addicted to too much sugar and fat.
This measure would reduce demand, as people simply could not afford to eat regularly at fast
food chains, such as McDonald’s or Pizza Hut. They would also have to cut down on take
away meals and ready meal deliveries for the same reason. Governments ought also to increase
the price of sweets and sugary drinks for sale in shops and supermarkets by raising taxes.

However, I believe that there are also other steps which must be taken to tackle the problem.
Firstly, health awareness campaigns are very effective in promoting healthy eating habits.

28
These campaigns could range from encouraging people to go on a diet, to consuming food that
is low in fat and high in fibre. Secondly, people commonly put on weight for other reasons,
for example if they have a sedentary lifestyle. Increasing the price of fattening foods would
not address this bad habit. Encouraging fitness should be high on the agenda of governments.

In conclusion, I would agree with those who argue that increasing the price of fattening foods
would be one solution to the growing problem of obesity. It must, however, be just one of a
series of measures to tackle the issue effectively.

291 words

Vocabulary from health:

 to be prone to obesity
Meaning: to be likely to become fat [in an unhealthy way]
Example: Children who are addicted to watching television, instead of playing outdoor
games, are more prone to obesity.

 to be detrimental to health
Meaning: to be harmful to health
Example: Lying in the sun for too long can be detrimental to health and result in skin
cancers.

 to be addicted to sth
Meaning: to be unable to stop taking harmful drugs, tobacco or alcohol.
Example: More specialist clinics, offering treatment and advice, are required to help
people who are addicted to drugs.

 health awareness campaigns

Meaning: publicity to encourage people to be concerned about looking after their health.
Example: Public health awareness campaigns are essential if people are to accept that
they have a personal responsibility to look after their own health.

 healthy eating habits

Meaning: eating healthy food at regular times of the day
Example: Health education involves teaching people about healthy eating habits, such
as regular mealtimes and eating fruit and vegetables every day.

 sedentary lifestyle
Meaning: involving little exercise or physical activity
Example: A sedentary lifestyle is a major factor in health problems such as obesity and
heart disease.

Vocabulary from food and diet:

 junk food

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 Meaning: food that is quick and easy to prepare and eat, but that is thought to be bad for
your health
Example: The consumption of too much junk food is a major factor in the increase of
childhood obesity.

 fast food chains

Meaning: groups of shops owned by the same company, serving food to the public
Example: Healthy eating means avoiding eating out at fast food chains like
McDonald’s or Pizza Hut.

 to go on a diet
Meaning: to eat less, or to eat only certain types of food in order to lose weight
Example: Many people in the West eat too much and – from time to time – have to go
on a diet.

 low in fat and high in fibre

Meaning: a diet which does not contain much fat, but which contains foods which have
a lot of fibre
Example: A healthy vegetarian diet is typically low in fat and high in fibre.

 to put on weight
Meaning: to become fatter and heavier
Example: Those who wish to avoid putting on weight should avoid fatty and sugary
foods.

Vocabulary from government:

 to raise taxes on
Meaning: to increase the amount of tax on something
Example: Governments should raise taxes on cigarettes to persuade more people to
give up smoking.

 high on the agenda

Meaning: something which is among the first things in the list of actions to be taken
Example: The rehabilitation of prisoners must be high on the agenda of prison
authorities everywhere.

Other vocabulary:

 to concur [verb]:
Meaning: to agree
Example: Scientists concur that global warming is taking place rapidly.

 to cut down on [phrasal verb]:

Meaning: to reduce the amount, size or number of something

30
 Example: His doctor advised him to cut down on smoking because of his health.

 sugary [adjective]:
Meaning: containing sugar
Example: He has to see the dentist regularly because the sugary snacks that he likes
are harmful for his teeth.

 to address [verb]:
Meaning: to think about a problem and decide how to deal with it
Example: The government plans to address the problem of traffic congestion in the
capital city.

31
Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; the process of making cheese>different

stages in the production of cheese
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) there are several stages (the diagram is too
complicated to write the number of stages) (2) refer to the first and last stages
 Paragraph 3: report the stages in the process shown in the left half of the diagram
(before the curds and whey are separated)
 Paragraph 4: report the stages in the process shown in the right half of the diagram

Report:

32
The diagram illustrates the different stages in the production of cheese.

Overall, there are several stages in cheese production, beginning with raw milk and ending
with the final product of ripened cheese.

Initially, in the most common method nowadays, raw milk undergoes pasteurisation and then
standardisation and filtration before it enters a coagulation process. However, in traditional
cheese making, the raw milk is coagulated directly. Next, fermenting micro-organisms are used
to inoculate the milk in the coagulation tank and an enzyme, rennet, is also added. In the tank,
the milk curdles to form curds and whey. Then, the curds and whey are cut before stirring and
cooking.

In the next stage, the whey is drained and the curds are milled. The curds then pass along a
conveyor belt for salting. After salting, some are used to produce cottage cheese and cream
cheese. The rest is poured into moulds and pressed to drain additional whey. Finally, the
resulting cheese is ripened for a time and the process is finished.

168 words

Written by NgocBach

33
Task 1

Report Plan:

34
  Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; system>water filter assembly; turns
dirty water into clean water>cleaning dirty water to produce drinking water
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) there are 7 stages (2) refer to the first and last
stages
 Paragraph 3: report on the stages of filtering the dirty water in the plastic barrel
 Paragraph 4: report on the final stages of transferring the water to the storage
drum and opening the tap

Report:

The diagram illustrates a simple water filter assembly for cleaning dirty water to produce
drinking water.

Overall, there are seven stages in the process of producing clean water, beginning with the
supply of dirty water and ending with the production of clean drinking water.

At the first stage, dirty water is poured into the top of a plastic barrel. It then passes through
three filters in turn. The top filter is sand, followed by charcoal and, at the bottom of the barrel,
gravel. As a result of the filtering process, the water is clean and ready to drink.

Next, the filtered water is transferred to a storage drum. A pipe connects the barrel and the
drum. One end of the pipe is located in the gravel, and this pipe then conducts the filtered
water into the storage drum. Finally, a tap located at the bottom of the storage drum may be
opened to allow the clean water to be collected for drinking.

162 words

Task 2: The use of mobile phones is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in certain
places so mobile phones should be banned like smoking. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Essay Plan:

 Introduction: my opinion – partly agree. Some restrictions are necessary, but I

am not in favour of a total ban.
 Paragraph 2: situations where mobile phones should be banned. Examples:
schools, libraries, drivers
 Paragraph 3: situations where a more tolerant policy can be adopted. Examples:
segregating mobile phone users on public transport – compare smoker segregation
in workplaces
 Conclusion: partly agree – bans in some situations, but not a total ban

Essay:

Although smoking in public is a danger to the health of others, in certain public places the
overwhelming majority of people would also consider the use of mobile phones as antisocial

35
behaviour. While I agree that a restriction on using mobile phones is sometimes necessary, I
believe that a blanket ban should not be imposed.

On the one hand, in some situations it is good policy to ban the use of mobile phones. For
example, in a classroom or a library, people wish to read or to study without the distraction of
noise. There would be an outcry from library-users if people were to be permitted to chat on
their mobile phones. A more serious example is the need to make illegal the use of mobile
phones whilst driving a vehicle. This is not only antisocial, but it is also incompatible with
safety on the roads, possibly resulting in a fatal accident.

On the other hand, in order to live in harmony with one another, it should be socially
acceptable to tolerate the use of mobile phones in some circumstances. It may be possible, for
instance, to segregate people on public transport by designating chat areas on trains or buses,
in the same way that in many workplaces smokers are allowed to use certain permitted areas.
This would reduce the annoyance to others and might be an acceptable code of conduct in the
opinion of a majority of people. Although traditional ideas of consideration for others have
fallen by the wayside, talking loudly on a mobile phone in public is selfish and thoughtless.

In conclusion, while I would agree that the use of mobile phones in public should be restricted,
a general ban would be too extreme a measure to try to impose.

293 words

Vocabulary from society:

 an outcry (at/over/against something)

Meaning: a reaction of anger or strong protest shown by people in public
Example: The new tax provoked a public outcry.

 to be socially acceptable
Meaning: agreed or approved of by most people in a society
Example: Smoking in public places is no longer socially acceptable in many countries.

 segregate somebody (from somebody)

Meaning: to separate people of different races, religions or sexes and treat them in a
different way
Example: Although society no longer tolerates the policy of segregating whites from
blacks, many people of different origins live in their own separate communities.

Vocabulary from traditional versus modern:

 to be incompatible with
Meaning: not able to exist or work with another person or thing because of basic
differences
Example: The way of life of indigenous peoples is incompatible with modern cultures.

 to fall by the wayside

36
 Meaning: if something falls by the wayside, it is no longer used
Example: An increasing reliance on modern technology has resulted in some
conventional skills falling by the wayside.

Vocabulary from communication and personality:

 to live in harmony with one another
Meaning: to live with others in a way which avoids conflict or disagreement
Example: The students who share the house are all good friends and they are able to
live in harmony with one another.

 codes of conduct
Meaning: voluntary rules which people accept in a situation
Example: The Code of Conduct is voluntary but it is seen as a sign of best practice.

Other vocabulary:

 overwhelming [adjective]:
Meaning: very great or very strong, so that it is impossible to resist
Example: There was overwhelming support for the new laws to protect the rainforest.

 a blanket ban [expression]:

Meaning: a ban that applies to or that affects everyone or everything
Example: A blanket ban on the sale of tobacco would result in illegal sales of cigarettes.

 distraction [noun]:
Meaning: a thing that takes your attention away from what you are doing or thinking
Example: Working from home has too many distractions compared with working in an
office.

 to designate [verb]:
Meaning: to indicate for a special job or purpose
Example: This space in the new building is designated as a storeroom in the plans.

 thoughtless [adjective]:
Meaning: not concerned about the effects on other people of what you do or say
Example: He made a thoughtless remark about her appearance which upset her.

37
Task 1

Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; the number of 3 types of visitor > visitor

numbers; between 1997 and 2012>at intervals of 5 years from 1997 to 2012
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) the number of visitors fluctuated over the
period (2) visitor numbers aged under 15 fell, but the figure for visitors to special
exhibitions rose
 Paragraph 3: select, report and compare figures for total visitor numbers
 Paragraph 4: select, report and compare figures for visitors aged under 15 and
visitors to special exhibitions. Contrast the fall and rise in these two trends

Report:

The chart illustrates visitor numbers to a museum at intervals of 5 years from 1997 to 2012.

Overall, the number of visitors fluctuated over the period. While the figure for visitors aged
under 15 fell, the number of those who visited special exhibitions rose.

38
A total of 448,100 people visited the museum in 1997, but this figure decreased by
approximately 7,000 in 2002. However, in 2007 the total number of visitors reached a peak of
over 525,000 before falling to around 504,000 in 2012.

In 1997, adult visitors to the museum numbered 300,100. This figure increased slightly in 2002,
before rising sharply to 400,500 in 2007. It then decreased to 380,000 in 2012. There was a
decrease in the number of visitors aged under 15, from 120,000 in 1997 to 82,300 at the end of
the period. By contrast, the figure for those who visited special exhibitions rose significantly
from 28,000 in 1997 to 42,000 in 2012.

157 words

Task 2:

The best way for a government to prepare for the future is to invest resources in its young
people. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Essay Plan:

 Introduction: refer to the key words in the question

(future/governments/resources/young people). Agree with the statement, but note
that there are other areas which need the investment of resources
 Paragraph 2: other areas that require future government expenditure: (1) space
exploration – example: satellite technology (2) protecting the environment
 Paragraph 3: agree that the best way to invest government resources for the future
is to invest in young people. Example: refer to some things that young people will
do in the future for which they will need training and education, in particular refer
to space exploration and the environmental challenge.
 Conclusion: agree with the statement.

Essay:

In the future, it is probable that governments will need to devote more resources to the training
and education of young people. While there are other areas in which investment is necessary
to promote the future well-being and happiness of everyone, I agree that governments should
prioritise expenditure on investment in the younger generation.

In order to prepare for the future, governments need to adopt policies which will result in socio-
economic changes that will benefit everyone and provide funding for these policies. One
policy should be to pour money into space research. For example, people already enjoy new
means of communication as a result of satellite technology, and the conquest of space opens all
kinds of possibilities for the future. Another policy which should be high on the agenda for
government funding is to deal with the ecological crisis which the world is facing. Resources
must be allocated to policies to take action on global warming and to achieve sustainable
development.

However, I agree with the view that in order to prepare for the future, the best option for
governments is to invest in the training and education of young people. Young people will
pioneer further advances in technology. For instance, they will be the astronauts who undertake

39
space missions and establish new space stations. They will develop robotics technology, which
is still in its infancy. Young people will lead the environmental challenge which threatens
human existence, and funding their education should provide them with the skills and social
conscience to create a greener society.

In conclusion, I wholly agree that the best way to meet the challenges of the future is for
governments to invest resources in educating and training the younger generation as its top
priority.

289 words

Vocabulary from government:

 to prioritise expenditure on
Meaning: to put the need to spend money on certain things first
Example: I believe that it is important to prioritise expenditure on medical research in
order to save lives.

 to adopt policies
Meaning: to start to use particular policies
Example: In order to deal with traffic congestion, the government must adopt policies
to restrict the use of private cars.

 to provide funding for

Meaning: to give money to enable something to be done
Example: Providing funding for health care must be a priority of governments.

 high on the agenda

Meaning: something which is among the first things in the list of actions to be taken
Example: The rehabilitation of prisoners must be high on the agenda of prison
authorities everywhere.

 to allocate resources to
Meaning: to make money and materials available to do something
Example: If governments allocate more resources to improving public transport,
this will reduce the problem of traffic congestion in cities.

 to be a government priority
Meaning: something which is so important that the government should deal with it first.
Example: In developing countries, spending on health and education should be top
government priorities.

Vocabulary from society:

 socio-economic changes

40
 Meaning: changes relating to the society and economy of a country
Example: Mass migration to cities is a result of socio-economic changes that include
the industrialisation of agriculture.

Vocabulary from space exploration:

 to pour money into space research

Meaning: to spend enormous amounts of money on space research
Example: Some people argue that it is wasteful to pour money into space research.

 satellite technology
Meaning: the technology of sending electronic devices into space for communications
purposes
Example: Satellite technology has resulted in huge advances in communications
and information-gathering.

 the conquest of space

Meaning: the act of gaining control over the difficult task of exploring space
Example: The conquest of space is a challenge that continues to inspire the public
imagination.

 space missions
Meaning: flights into space
Example: Recent space missions have begun to explore Mars and more distant parts of
the universe.

 a space station
Meaning: a large structure that is sent into space and remains above the earth as a base
for people working and travelling in space
Example: Even maintaining an international space station is so expensive that the
costs must be shared by several countries.

Vocabulary from the environment:

 an ecological crisis
Meaning: a serious situation that occurs when the environment of a species or a
population changes in a way that destabilizes its continued survival
Example: Environmental degradation caused by human activity is provoking an
ecological crisis which threatens our existence.

 to take action on global warming

Meaning: to do what has to be done on problems related to global warming
Example: There have been numerous international conferences to warn of the dangers,
but many governments have refused to take action on global warming.

41
  to achieve sustainable development
Meaning: economic development that is achieved without depleting natural resources
Example: Organic methods must be introduced everywhere in order to achieve
sustainable development in agriculture.

Vocabulary from technology:

 advances in technology
Meaning: the improvement or development in technology
Example: Recent advances in medical technology are making a great contribution to
the search for a cure for Aids.

 robotics technology
Meaning: the design, construction and operation of robots
Example: There are examples of robotics technology everywhere, from space programs
to manufacturing.

 to be in its infancy
Meaning: to be in the early development of something
Example: It is clear that robotics technology is still in its infancy, and it is impossible
to imagine the possible future developments.

Other vocabulary:

 to devote [verb]:
Meaning: to give an amount of time, money, or attention to something
Example: I devote three hours of study each day to prepare for the exam.

 well-being [noun]:
Meaning: general health and happiness
Example: The friendly attitude of the nurses and doctors contributed to the well-being
of patients in the hospital.

 to pioneer [verb]:
Meaning: to be the first person to study and develop a particular area of knowledge or
skill
Example: Her ambition is to pioneer a new vaccine to combat the COVID virus.

42
Report Plan:

 Paraphrase paragraph: diagram>chart; shows>illustrates; the process of growing

and preparing>how pineapples are grown and prepared
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) a growing stage (2) processing as juice, canned
fruit or whole pineapples

43
  Paragraph 3: report on the growing stage
 Paragraph 4: report on production of pineapple juice and contrast with process of
canned pineapple products. Report on preparation and transport of large, whole
pineapples.

Report:

The chart illustrates how pineapples are grown and prepared for sale, along with various
pineapple products.

Overall, the process begins with a growing stage, after which pineapples are either pressed to
make juice, canned or simply prepared for sale as fruit.

Pineapples require a year to grow to a suitable size for processing or marketing. They need a
temperature of about 28-30 degrees during this time. The plants are spaced in rows 26cm apart,
and after 7 months they are sprayed with chemicals. The largest plants weigh 2kg and reach a
height of 30cm when they are harvested.

After picking, all the pineapples are washed in water. The crown and skin of the small and
medium-sized ones are removed. The medium ones are then cut into rings or chunks and
canned, whereas the small pineapples are pressed in an extractor to produce pineapple juice.
Finally, the largest pineapples are simply waxed and packed whole in crates before
transportation, often by sea, to markets for sale.

165 words

Đề 10/11/2023

Report Plan:

44
  Paraphrase paragraph: give information>provide data; the world’s top three
producers>the highest world producers; four different dairy products>milk,
cheese, butter and milk powder
 Overview/summary paragraph: (1) the EU produced the most milk and cheese (2)
production of milk was much higher than production of cheese, butter and milk
powder
 Paragraph 3: report and compare figures for the production of milk and cheese
 Paragraph 4: report and compare figures for the production of butter and milk
powder

Report:

The charts provide data about the production of milk, cheese, butter and milk powder by the
highest world producers in 2012.

Overall, the European Union (EU) led the way in milk and cheese production. In terms of
metric tons, the production of milk far exceeded that of the other dairy products.

The EU produced almost 143,000 metric tons of milk, compared with 127,000 metric tons in
India and around 90,000 metric tons in the USA. The production of cheese in the EU was just
over 7,000 metric tons, while the USA produced almost 5,000 metric tons and Brazil produced
700 metric tons.

India led world production of butter with 4,500 metric tons, more than double the figure for the
EU, with production in the USA totalling just over 800 metric tons. Finally, China produced
1,200 metric tons of milk powder, a slightly higher figure than in New Zealand and the EU,
with 1,110 and 770 metric tons, respectively.

158 words

45